Aajroomiyyah notes
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Ajroomiyyah Day 1 Class Summary:
‫الكالم‬
Basically means “speech”. Root ‫ كلم‬means to pierce the skin/injure someone. The
word ‫ كالم‬is derived from this, meaning communication that has a meaning,
implying that it can evoke emotions in the one who receives the communication.
‫ الترعيف االصطاليح‬technical definition is what is given in the text
ْ
‫ظ‬
or ‫ بيت‬or ‫يف‬
ُ ‫اللَّف‬: spoken word eg ‫أمحد‬
ُ
Root ‫ لفظ‬: throw something that cannot be taken back.
‫كب‬
َّ ‫المر‬: organized words (two or more words organized in a particular order).
ُ َّ ُ
‫ ركب‬means stacked. Words that a built and put in an order.
‫المفيد‬:
beneficial…makes sense, provides a meaning to the listener. Is not
ُ
gibberish. Eg: “When the teacher comes” is not ‫ مفيد‬because the listener is still
waiting for additional information. “When the teacher comes I will ask a
question” will be considered ‫مفيد‬.
ْ
‫بالوضع‬: Arabic words, not foreign words.
‫ وأقسامه ُثالثة‬Speech is made of three kinds of words
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‫ أقسام‬is the plural of ‫( قسم‬part)
‫ اسم‬:
Linguistic definition: something that names another thing.
Technical def:
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‫بزمان من أحد األزمنة الثالثة (الماضي و الحال و‬
‫قَتن‬
‫كلمة دلَّت عىل‬
ً
َّ ‫معنى يف نفسها َّو لَّم َّي‬
ٍ
َّ َّ َّ
)‫المضارع‬
A word that makes sense on its own, and it is not bound by any of the tenses
(past, present or future)
‫وفعل‬
Linguistic definition: an action.
Technical def:
ْ
‫بزمان من أَّحد األزمنة الثالثة (الماضي و الحال و‬
‫معنى يف نفسها و اقَتن‬
‫كلمة دلَّت عىل‬
ً
ٍ
َّ َّ َّ
َّ
َّ
)‫المضارع‬
A word that makes sense on its own, and it is bound by any of the tenses (past,
present or future)
.‫و حرف جاء لمعنى‬
Linguistic definition of ‫حرف‬: the edge (i.e ‫)الط َّرف‬
َّ
Tech def: ‫كلمة دلت عىل معنى يف غريها‬
A word that gives meaning to another word.
The methods of recognizing an ism, fil and harf that are provided are not the only
methods, however these are the methods that work 100% of the time.
Notes about the harf of Jarr
‫حروف الخفض‬: i.e the harf of jarr (these harfs will always be harf of jarr and do not
play any other role)
‫رب‬: indicates ‫ القليل‬i.e. meaning sometimes, perhaps, possibly etc
ُ
Hadith example:
ْ
ْ
ْ ‫خطب رسول الل ـ صىل الل عليه وسلم ـ ي‬
‫ب مبلَّغٍ يبلَّغ ُ ُه‬
‫ر‬
‫ه‬
‫ن‬
‫إ‬
‫ف‬
‫ب‬
‫ائ‬
‫غ‬
‫ال‬
‫د‬
‫اه‬
‫الش‬
‫غ‬
‫ل‬
‫ب‬
‫ي‬
‫ل‬
"
‫ال‬
‫ق‬
‫ف‬
‫ر‬
‫ح‬
‫الن‬
‫م‬
‫و‬
َّ
َّ
َّ ُ ُ َّ َّ َّ َّ
َّ
ُ
َّ
َّ
َّ
َّ
َّ
َّ
ُ ُ
َّ ُ َّ ُ
َّ ُ
َّ َّ
َّ
ْ ‫أ ْوعى ل م‬
. " ‫ن سام ٍع‬
ُ َّ َّ َّ
َّ
"The Messenger of Allah delivered a religious speech on the Day of Sacrifice and
said: 'Let those who are present convey to those who are absent. For perhaps the
one to whom it is conveyed will understand it better than the one who (first)
hears it.'" (Sunan Ibn Majah)
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‫الباء‬: Multiple meanings. Hadith example:
ُ َّ
ْ
‫ال بالنيات‬
َّ ‫ إنَّما ا‬The harf ‫ ب‬has multiple benefits:
ُ ‫ألع َّم‬
‫و أ َّ َّه ُ الكلمات يف هذا حديث الحرف باء‬
The most important word in this hadith is the harf “ba”
.‫ لم يخصص الرسول صىل الل عليه و سلم معنى فكلها تجوز‬.‫هلذه الحرف اثنى عرشة معنى‬
‫سنتكلم عن ثالثة‬
This letter has 12 meanings in Arabic. The Prophet(s) didn’t specify one
meaning, so all of them are acceptable. We will discuss 3.
: ‫ب السببية‬
. ‫ و إن لم يكن هناك نية إذا كانت األعمال حادثة‬.‫النيات سبب األعمال‬
The “ba” that indicates a reason. Intentions lead to action. If there is no
intention that the action is not a purposeful action. It is a random action,
an accident.
‫ب المصاحبة‬
. ‫األعمال متصةل بالنيات‬
The “ba” meaning “tied to” So actions are tied to intentions.
‫ب االستعانة‬
. ‫النيات تساعد و تنصر و تستعني األعمال‬
The “ba” meaning to help/aid. Intentions help and aid actions.
‫و يقوي هذا قول الحبيب صىل الل عليه و سلم‬
‫خري من عمل‬
َّ ‫المؤمن‬
ُ ُ ‫نيَّة‬
َّ َّ
This understanding is furthered by the Prophet(s)’s saying
"The intention of a believer is better than his actions”
ُ
‫والَّالم‬: 4 primary uses ‫( التمليك التعليل االختصاص االستحقاق‬ownership, reason,
َّ
exclusivity, right)
Eg ‫الحمد لل‬
Praise belongs to Allah, Allah is the reason for praise, Praise is exclusively for
Allah, praise is a right of Allah.
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‫وف ال َّقسم‬
used to take an oath
ُ ‫وح ُ ُر‬:
َّ
َّ
ْ
‫ الواو‬: only an oath if it’s a harf of jarr. Only used with an ‫( اسم ظاهر‬clear ism, not a
ُ َّ
pronoun) eg: ‫و الل‬
ْ
‫ والباء‬: can be used for both ‫ اسم ظاهر‬and ‫( ضمائر‬pronouns). Eg: ‫بالل به‬
ُ َّ َّ
‫والتاء‬. : only used to take an oath with ‫ لفظ الجالةل‬eg: ‫تالل‬
ُ َّ َّ
Chapter on Irab
Irab is the changing of the end of a word, due to external agents acting on it. The
change will either be apparent or implied. Eg:
‫جاء محمد و موس‬
ُ َّ
َّ ُ َّ
ً
‫حمدا و موس‬
‫تم‬
‫رأ َّ ْي‬
ُ
ُ
َّ ُ َّ
َّ
‫حمد و موس‬
‫بيت م‬
ُ ُ َّ
َّ ُ َّ ٍ
There are 4 statuses that can be used for isms and present tense fils: raf, nasb,
jarr and jazm
ْ
‫رفع‬
‫مسلم‬
‫يع َّلم‬
ُ
ُ َّ
ْ
ً
‫نصب‬
‫سلما‬
‫م‬
‫يع َّلم‬
ُ
َّ َّ
X
‫ خفض‬/ ‫جر‬
‫سلم‬
ٍ ُ‫م‬
X
ْ
‫جزم‬
‫يع َّل ْم‬
َّ
Signs of Irab
Raf is recognized by dhamma, waw, alif, and noon.
Dhamma ‫ ـ‬is a sign of raf in 4 cases
ُ
1)
Singular ism: ‫محمد‬
ُ
2)
Broken plural ‫أَّقالم كُتُب‬
3)
Sound fem plural ‫مسلمات‬
ُ
4)
Present tense fil that doesn’t have anything attached to the end ‫يضرب‬
ُ
َّ
‫ينصر يعلم‬
ُ َّ ُ ُ ُ َّ
Letter waw ‫ و‬is a sign of raf in 2 places:
1)
2)
Sound masc plural ‫مسل ُمون‬
َّ
ُ
Five special isms ‫ أَّب‬father, ‫ أخ‬brother, ‫ حم‬inlaw, ‫ فَّم‬mouth ‫ذُو‬
possessor of
Letter alif will be a sign of raf in one case:
1)
Pair ism ‫مسلمان‬
َّ ُ
Letter noon will be a sign of raf in the following present tense fils (highlighted
below):
1. Pair ‫يضربان‬
َّ
2. Plural ‫يضربون‬
َّ ُ
َّ
3. 2nd person singular feminine (‫ أنت‬present tense) َّ‫َّتضربني‬
ْ
ْ
ْ
ْ
‫علمن‬
‫علمان َّت‬
‫علمنيَّ َّت‬
‫علمان َّتعلَّ ُمون َّت‬
‫علمن َّتعلَّم َّت‬
‫علم َّتعلَّمان ي‬
‫عل ُمون َّت‬
‫يع َّلم يع َّلمان ي‬
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َّ ُ َّ
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