VILNIUS PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGLISH PHILOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH PHILOLOGY
AGNĖ NAKUTIENĖ
LINGUISTIC AND SEMIOTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DICTIONARIES:
THE MERRIAM-WEBSTER DICTIONARY AND
THE DICTIONARY OF MODERN LITHUANIAN
MA Paper
Academic advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. L. Selmistraitis
Vilnius 2010
VILNIUS PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGLISH PHILOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH PHILOLOGY
LINGUISTIC AND SEMIOTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DICTIONARIES:
THE MERRIAM-WEBSTER DICTIONARY AND
THE DICTIONARY OF MODERN LITHUANIAN
This MA paper is submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of the
MA in English Philology
By Agnė Nakutienė
I declare that this study is my own and does not contain any unacknowledged
work from any source.
Academic advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. L. Selmistraitis
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CONTENT
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………4
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………..6
1. THE ART AND CRAFT OF LEXICOGRAPHY……………………………………...9
1. 1. THE CLASSIFICATION OF DICTIONARIES………………………………….9
1. 2. ENGLISH AND LITHUANIAN LEXICOGRAPHIC TRADITIONS………….10
1. 2. 1. English dictionary making…………………………………………………10
1. 2. 2. Lithuanian dictionary making…………………………………………….13
1. 3. THE PROCEDURES OF DICTIONARY COMPILATION……………………15
2. THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE DICTIONARY………………………………..16
2. 1. LINGUISTIC AND SEMIOTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DICTIONARIES..16
2. 2. ENTRY DESIGN……………………………………………………………………17
3. JUXTAPOSITION OF ENGLISH AND LITHUANIAN WORD ENTRIES………...22
3. 1. JUXTAPOSITION OF LINGUISTIC CHARACTERISTICS…………………..22
3.1.1. Phonetic information…………………………………………………………22
3.1.2. Orthographic information……………………………………………………23
3.1.3. Semantic and stylistic information…………………………………………..24
3.1.4. Etymological information…………………………………………………….33
3. 2. JUXTAPOSITION OF SEMIOTIC CHARACTERISTICS……………………..35
3. 2. 1. Patterns of lexicographic definitions……………………………………….35
3.2.1.1. Descriptive definitions and paraphrases…………………………..36
3.2.1.2. Synonymic definitions………………………………………………37
3.2.1.3. Encyclopedic definitions……………………………………………38
3.2.1.4. Descriptions by cross-reference……………………………………39
3.2.1.5. Two types of definitions combined………………………………...39
3. 2. 2. Special symbols and abbreviations…………………………………………41
3. 2. 3. Graphic illustrations………………………………………………………...43
CONCLUSIONS…………………………………………………………………………….46
SANTRAUKA……………………………………………………………………………….50
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………………52
APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………………….53
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Abstract
The present research focuses on the comparative study of linguistic and semiotic
characteristics of English and Lithuanian dictionaries. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary
(MWD) and the Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian (DML) have been chosen for the analysis.
The investigation reported here sets out to achieve several basic objectives. First of all, it is
attempted to study the definitions of 446 entry-words. Second, it is intended to analyze how
many different patterns of defining the entries can be found in both dictionaries. Finally, the
research seeks to compare and contrast the English and Lithuanian lexicographic traditions
through the comparison of the findings in both dictionaries. In order to achieve the above
outlined objectives, the sample of 446 nouns selected randomly has been created. All the
entries under investigation have been collected from the dictionary of Modern Lithuanian and
their equivalents in English have been found in Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Both
quantitative and qualitative methods of research have been applied for the investigation, as
well as a comparative analysis.
The findings revealed that the information about the headwords provided in the two
dictionaries was quite similar; however, there were some differences as well. For example,
concerning semantic information, the English dictionary provided broader explanations of
meanings while the Lithuanian variants were narrower. In terms of semiotic characteristics,
all the entry-words have been classified according to the six patterns of lexicographic
definitions, suggested by Tekoriene and Maskaliuniene (2004). The results show that even
five ways of meaning description out of the six have been identified in the DML, whereas in
the MWD four patterns have been found. No full-sentence definition has been identified in
both dictionaries and no synonymic description has been found in the MWD. The prevailing
pattern of definition of the headwords in both dictionaries under analysis turned out to be the
means of descriptive definitions and paraphrases. The second most frequent pattern in both
dictionaries appeared to be the combination of two types of definitions.
The difference has been noticed in the usage of abbreviations as the DML indicated
either the sphere or area that the word came from or some grammatical information about the
word whereas the MWD used the whole words in order to indicate the usage of the entryword or some grammatical information and did not show the sphere or area that the word
4
came from. However, the MWD provided the etymology and often the graphical illustration
of the entry-word which was absent in the DML.
The research has demonstrated that English lexicographers tried to gather and provide
as much information about the words as possible, whereas the Lithuanian compilers were
quite modest in this case and provided only the most necessary information about the
headwords. The findings have confirmed the hypothesis that different traditions of
investigation resulted in different format, character and the way of word description in
English and Lithuanian dictionaries.
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Introduction
Since the ancient times people felt the need to understand and be able to communicate
in foreign languages. The oldest bilingual word lists were composed several thousands years
ago. Together with the development of the mankind dictionaries have been improved and
today they are an inseparable part of science, education and even daily life. Dictionary
making is now called lexicography and is considered to be a separate branch of linguistics.
However, lexicography is not merely a process of dictionary making as together with the need
of dictionaries, the need arose not only to practically compile them but also to analyze and
find the answers to the questions how it is done, what information is included, how
dictionaries differ from each other and many other issues. Gradually, such investigations have
grown into a separate branch of linguistics and are now called lexicographic theory. Thus,
lexicography is a much more complex branch of linguistics than it may seem from the first
sight.
Hypothesis
Having in mind the historical and scientific background of the Lithuanian and English
languages, the hypothesis arose that different traditions of lexicographic investigation resulted
in different format, character and the way of word description in English and Lithuanian
dictionaries. The study will show whether the hypothesis is confirmed or denied.
Novelty of the research
This study is intended to complement Lithuanian lexicographic research as Lithuanian
lexicographic theory is comparatively new and not many studies have been done in the field.
As a matter of fact, no comparison of Lithuanian and English dictionaries has ever been made
so the study in intended to fill this gap.
Significance of the research
As mentioned before, the study is intended to contribute to the Lithuanian works on
lexicographic theory. Moreover, it can be used as a background for further research. As the
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thesis focuses only on two random dictionaries, more dictionaries could be analyzed in order
to see the tendencies in the two traditions of dictionary making. Another topic for research
could be a comparative analysis of the other parts of speech or some sample of each of them,
as only nouns are taken under investigation in this thesis. Finally, the two lexicographic
traditions could be analyzed from the cultural point of view since culture is always reflected
in the lexicon of a nation. To sum up, the thesis may contribute to any research related to the
comparison of English and Lithuanian dictionaries since no similar research has been
previously done in this field.
The purpose of the research
The purpose of the research is to investigate commonalities and differences of English
and Lithuanian traditions of dictionary making through the analysis and comparison of
Merriam-Webster Dictionary and the Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian.
Objectives of the research
In order to achieve the aim, the following tasks were set:

To overview the theoretical material on English and Lithuanian lexicography and
characteristics of dictionaries.

To investigate and compare linguistic and semiotic characteristics of MerriamWebster dictionary and the dictionary of Modern Lithuanian.

To reveal any commonalities and differences in English and Lithuanian lexicographic
traditions.
Methods of the research
The aim will be achieved by different methods of research applied to the investigation.
First of all, the quantitative method will be applied as the sample will consist of 442 nouns. In
addition, all these entries will be attempted to classify into different patterns of definitions and
their frequency counted. Then the descriptive method will be used as all the entries will be
analyzed and their information described. The qualitative method will be applied in order to
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comment on the findings and finally, a comparative method will be used as a tool to compare
and contrast the findings in both dictionaries.
The scope of the research
First of all, one English and one Lithuanian dictionary, namely, Merriam-Webster
dictionary and the Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian, have been randomly selected. Both
dictionaries are available online. The data of the study consists of 442 words. The words were
randomly selected in the DML and then their equivalents in English were found. The task was
rather difficult as only one word appellative nouns were chosen under investigation. Then,
only those words first meanings of which coincided in both languages were selected. What is
more, words from each letter of the Lithuanian alphabet were taken proportionally to the total
number of the words that letter contained, trying to gather as many samples as possible, thus
the number of words from each letter is different. Due to such restrictions, the scope of the
research is rather limited.
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1. The Art and Craft of Lexicography
1. 1. The Classification of Dictionaries
The compilation of a dictionary and its stages largely depend on the purpose and
intention of the dictionary. As dictionaries may cover many different areas of the language,
the classifications of them have been attempted by many scholars. However, this still remains
debatable as there are lots of criteria according to which dictionaries can be classified, such
as the density of entries, meaning if a dictionary is general or special, the number of
languages involved, purpose, the prospective user and others1. The criteria often intermingle,
intersect each other, making the precise definition of the dictionary even more complicated.
Because of such difficulties, there is no one precise classification of dictionaries and
different scholars propose different typologies. For example, Tekoriene & Maskaliuniene
(2004;73) provide the classificatory schema of English dictionaries showing that dictionaries
are divided into two main types: general dictionaries and restricted dictionaries. The former
fall into two subtypes: unabridged or abridged while the latter comprise a vast number of
dictionaries, classified according 1) to the type of items registered (phraseological,
morphemic dictionaries, etc.), 2) the scope of material (historical, dialectal dictionaries, etc.),
3) information presented about the entry word (spelling, etymological dictionaries, etc.), 4)
semantic arrangement (dictionaries of synonyms, antonyms, etc.), etc.
Hartman & James (1998) distinguish four typologies according to which dictionaries
can be classified. Firstly, a phenomenological typology based on formal features which
include such compositional characteristics as the size and the coverage of the content of the
work. The second type is a presentational (tectonic) typology which focuses on the format or
the medium of the dictionary. The third type is called a functional typology which accounts
for information categories provided and the ways these are presented including the
perspective of the potential user. The last one is a linguistic typology which is based on the
languages of the dictionary, whether it is a monolingual or a bilingual dictionary, etc.
Jakaitiene (2005) maintains that the type of the dictionary is determined by the sources
of the dictionary and the addressee. First of all she divides dictionaries into linguistic and
encyclopedic ones. Such a division might be confusing as it is difficult to distinguish where
1
http://www.ciil-ebooks.net/html/lexico/link5.htm
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the linguistic information ends and the encyclopedic information begins. Sometimes in order
to explain the meanings of less widely-known words, encyclopedic information may hardly be
avoided, for example, when the names of ethnographic items, peoples or tribes are explained
(Jakaitiene, 2009). The scientist also divides linguistic dictionaries into monolingual and
parallel (bilingual) ones. Monolingual dictionaries then fall into several categories according
to some criteria: 1) according to the type and coverage they are divided into general and
specialized. General dictionaries may be comprehensive and differential. Specialized
dictionaries include dictionaries of synonyms, homonyms, antonyms, etc. 2) According to the
way the information is provided, dictionaries fall into explanatory and indexational ones. 3)
According to the number and coverage of parameters, they fall into universal and partial
ones. 4) According to the addressee and purpose of the dictionary, they are divided into
descriptive and pedagogical ones. 5) According to the word order, dictionaries are classified
into alphabetical and systematic ones. Finally, 6) According to the format, they fall into
printed (paper) and electronic ones. Bilingual dictionaries are classified similarly, adding the
subtypes of active and passive dictionaries, the former is defined when the first language in
the dictionary is the native one and the latter when it is not (Jakaitiene, 2005).
After all, dictionaries may be either prescriptive or descriptive. The former aims at
fixing the language and preventing it from changing. They indicate good usage by ommitting
certain words, meanings or phrases. Some other words may be included but they are labelled
as not recommended to use. Descriptive dictionaries, on the contrary, do not regard any words
as ‘bad’ and do not ommit or ban them (Béjoint, 2000).
1. 2. English and Lithuanian Lexicographic Traditions
1. 2. 1. English Dictionary Making
The very beginning of English lexicography dates back even to the 7th century,
however, up to the Renaissance, there were mostly bilingual lists of Latin and English words.
Gradually, vocabularies expanded and people found it necessary to compile dictionaries
describing the words in their own language but still, they described only ‘hard’ words
appearing in English books but not in ordinary speech that were difficult to understand. These
‘hard’ words were of foreign origin, for example, words expressing philosophic or theological
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notions and there were no native equivalents for them in the English language (Mitkov, 2004;
Tekoriene & Maskaliuniene, 2004). Only in the eighteenth century people started collecting
and describing all the words in the language. Although the first attempt to do this belongs to
Nataniel Bailey in 1721, who was largely interested in the etymology of words, the
breakthrough in the English dictionary making is marked by Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of
the English Language published in 1755 (Tekoriene & Maskaliuniene, 2004)
In the eighteenth century English was thought to have reached the peak of
’correctness’ of the language, so the need arose to fix that purity. It was Johnson who thought
that his dictionary would help to improve and preserve the English language (Tekoriene &
Maskaliuniene, 2004). Johnson’s preparation for compiling and publishing the dictionary was
really thoughtful and well-measured. First of all, he published the plan of the dictionary. In
the plan he explained the problems he faced about dictionary-making. The task was to
ascertain that only English words would be selected for the dictionary in order to preserve the
purity of the English language. However, there were many words describing professions that
were of the foreign origin and could not be excluded. Therefore, Johnson proposed to make a
distinction between loanwords and those that had already been absorbed by the language.
Another problem was that of pronunciation, and his decision was to ’determine the
accentuation of all polysyllables by proper authorities and to fix the pronunciation of
monosyllables by placing them with words of correspondent sound’ (Jackson, 2003) Still, he
is said to have failed to give guidance to pronunciation, the main reason being the wide
variety of English pronunciation in local dialects (Tekoriene & Maskaliuniene, 2004).
It is worth mentioning that Johnson used Bailey’s dictionary as a basis when
compiling his own one but his aim was slightly different, as he was more interested in the
literary standard English of his time rather than in the collection of as much words as possible
(Tekoriene & Maskaliuniene, 2004). Johnson’s dictionary had some innovations: first, he
enumerated and separated different meanings of the same word, and second, he took the
quotations from famous authors to illustrate the meanings of words. However, Landau (2004)
points out that the dictionary was distinguished ‘by the skillful and original execution of these
methods’ rather than the very innovations.
Landau (2004) also mentions that Johnsons dictionary was a little bit criticized for
excluding many specialized terms of arts and including too many literary words, as well as for
being too much commercial, but in general, the dictionary was acknowledged as authoritative
and soon became famous and very influential: ’with the publication of this dictionary English
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lexicography passed from the age of childhood into the age of manhood’ (Tekoriene &
Maskaliuniene, 2004;16). McArthur (1992) adds that Johnson laid the foundations for the
historical lexicography of the 19-20th centuries and his dictionary was a remarkable work of
lexicography until the appearance of the Oxford English Dictionary in 1928.
The history of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) began in 1879 when the
editorship was suggested to James A. H. Murray who was an active member of the
Philological Society at the time. Although the team of lexicographers worked efficiently, the
scope of the project determined the publishing of the dictionary only in almost fifty years’
time (Landau, 2004). Ten volumes containing 240 165 headwords were finally published.
As any other dictionary, the OED also had its drawbacks. Firstly, the pronunciation
system was not very sophisticated, secondly, the coverage of native North American words
was quite insignificant. Thirdly, the scientific and technical vocabulary was highly
disregarded. In spite of these deficiencies, the OED is said to give by far the most complete
and authoritative etymologies, a historical record of the development of meanings, as well as
changes in spelling throughout the history (Landau, 2004).
Tekoriene & Maskaliuniene (2004;19) calls the Oxford English Dictionary ‘one of the
greatest achievements of human intellect’. Up to the present, it is one of the most important
dictionaries in the world and is also considered ‘to form a major basis of all English
dictionaries produced since’ (Thompson, 1995). Oxford University Press has successfully
published many other Oxford dictionaries, such as The Oxford Dictionary of New Words, The
Concise Oxford Dictionary, The Pocket Oxford Dictionary of Current English, to name just a
few (Tekoriene & Maskaliuniene, 2004).
The first dictionaries in the United States attempted to register Americanisms but were
not very significant for the lexicographic practice until Noah webster who turned to the
dictionary making in the beginning of the 19th century. His first large work An American
Dictionary of the English Language contained 70 000 words. He criticized Johnsons
dictionary a lot and he made some changes in his dictionary including spelling, pronunciation,
as well as etymologies and definitions (Tekoriene & Maskaliuniene, 2004).
After Webster’s death, his work was continued by George and Charles Merriam who
took over the rights to the dictionary. However, they were not able to protect Webster’s name
and it was started to be used by many other dictionaries that did not have anything in common
with Noah Webster. Therefore, in order to set their dictionaries apart from other Webster’s
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dictionaries, the brothers introduced their name in the title and since then, Merriam-Webster
dictionaries have been published.
The Merriam Company initiated the practice to publish dictionaries in one volume
regardless its length. So, when Websters Third International Dictionary of the English
Language was published in 1961, some of the material was removed in order to save space as
the number of pages could not be increased. Firstly, the material including archaisms, variant
spellings, proper names and dialectal forms was removed. Secondly, encyclopedic
information was cut out, such as the biographical section, folklore and mythology,names of
battles, wars, organizations, cities and states and much more. This was not appreciated by the
public as in the past American dictionaries served to provide not only lexicographic but also
encyclopedic information.
As Tekoriene and Maskaliuniene (2004) point out, due to its precise and simple
definitions, as well as constant updatings, the Merriam-Webster dictionary is one of the best
and most reliable English dictionaries. Today it is also available online.
1. 2. 2. Lithuanian Dictionary Making
The oldest known copy of Lithuanian dictionary is preserved in Florence, Italy. It is
Sirvydas’ Dictionarivm trivm lingvarvm, published in 1677, however, it is little known. The
copy could have arrived to Florence because of the bibliophile Antonio Magliabechi. Later his
library was acquired by the Florence Library (LLP2, 2003:17). The dictionary was intended
for the students of Vilnius academy and comprised three languages: Latin, Polish and
Lithuanian. Up to the nineteenth century it was the only printed lexicographic work in
Lithuania (Jakaitiene, 2006).
Another significant attempt to compile a dictionary belongs to Laurynas Ivinskis who
wrote a Polish-Lithuanian dictionary. At first he was mistaken for Jumskis as Kazimieras
Būga had misread the name in the title of Ambraziejus Kamarauskas’ manuscript. The title
page of Ivinskis’ dictionary had not survived so it was difficult to find out the author of the
manuscript. However, it was discovered that the name Jumskis had never existed. Some of
Ivinskis’ words were later moved into the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language (LLP,
2003).
2
Leksikografijos ir leksikologijos problemos. 2003. Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos instituto leidykla.
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The founding father of the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language (DLL) was
Kazimieras Būga who started arranging his collected word cards in 1902. He had a plan to
compile a dictionary which would comprise all the lexis of the Lithuanian language.
Gradually, his collections turned into the card file of the DLL. After his death the preparation
of the dictionary stopped for a while but later was continued by Jonas Balčikonis (Jakaitiene,
2006) The situation was not very favourable in those days as Lithuania belonged to the Soviet
Union. Communistic ideology touched the writing of the DLL. The writing was coordinated
from Moscow, professor Borisas Larinas was sent to Lithuania to watch the work of editors.
Nevertheless, not all the suggestions from Moscow were accepted. The idea of the dictionary,
the principles of data gathering did not change, only more examples from the works of the
Soviet writers were added (LLP, 2003:40). It took about six decades for several generations of
linguists to prepare twenty volumes of the dictionary3. This is an outstanding work and no
similar work has ever been made in the English lexicography.
The editor of the DLL, Jonas Balčikonis, in its first volume wrote: the words into the
dictionary were collected from both spoken and written forms of the language, no matter if
they are of the Lithuanian origin or barbarisms if they are more or less widely-known. No
international words were put into the dictionary, as well as the etymology is not given as the
editor thought it was a job to be done by a separate etymological dictionary (DLL, 1941).
Contrary to the DLL, the Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian (DML) was aimed to
become a normative dictionary. It was first published in 1954. It was the first general
Lithuanian dictionary that attempted to provide the meanings of more or less widely used
words, as well as the limits and norms of their usage. However, the Soviet press and fiction
determined that it included many words which were not used in Lithuanian language. Many
formations were moved from communistic Russian texts and speeches (LLP, 2003).
The preface of the DML says that only clear and widely-used meanings of the words
are provided in the dictionary. No dialectal, vulgar, dated or narrowly-used meanings are
given.
The second edition of the dictionary was published in 1972, the editor whose was J.
Kruopas. Later, two more editions followed in 1993 and 2000. Finally, in 2003 the electronic
version of the dictionary was created (Jakaitiene, 2009).
3
http://www.lkz.lt/en/dze.htm
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1. 3. The Procedures of the Compilation of a Dictionary
As mentioned before, lexicography is both theory and practice of dictionary making.
Lexicography, as Jakaitiene (2009) puts it, has several important functions for the society:

It collects and standardizes the lexis of a certain language;

Provides material for scientific research of the lexis;

Gives and opportunity to teach and learn languages (both native or foreign)

Helps to communicate the people of different nationalities or occupations.
As dictionaries are extremely important in today’s societies, lexicographers have to
carefully consider some aspects before compiling a dictionary. Hartman & James (1998)
distinguish three major steps in the process of dictionary making: data gathering, editing and
publishing. But first of all, before starting collecting words lexicographers have some
requirements to be considered. They have to decide the target user, i.e. who will use the
dictionary: children, learners of a foreign language or native speakers. As Jakaitiene (2009)
points out, the understanding of the users’ needs is one of the most important principles of
lexicography. Then, they decide on the size and scope of the dictionary because it also has
influence on further decisions in planning stage. For example, a general dictionary will
contain words from various fields of life, such as computing, business, medicine or
technology, while a pocket dictionary will comprise the words from the core vocabulary of
the language (Jackson, 2003). Having decided this, data gathering begins.
For collecting words, dictionary databases have been created and nowadays it is much
easier to create such databases with the help of computerization. Hartman & James (1998)
distinguish two types of such databases: the language resource database and the entry
database. The former comprises corpora from a very wide range of sources, while the latter
includes the headwords, definitions and other information categories.
Before writing the entries and defining, lexicographers make decisions about the
structure and format of the dictionary. Here the terms macrostructure and microstructure
come into light. The macrostructure of the dictionary refers to the overall design; usually
words are listed in the alphabetical order. The microstructure of the dictionary is the structure
within an entry itself including the headword, its meaning, pronunciation, example of usage,
etymology, etc. (Mitkov, 2004). Hartman (2001) points out that the macrostructure is
concerned with so-called Outside Matter which has three forms: Front Matter (such as a
15
preface), Middle Matter (such as illustrations) and Back Matter (such as a list of
bibliography). The microstructure, in his view, consists of the headwords and two
supplementary structures: the formal comment (including such information about the
headword as part of speech, etc.) and the semantic comment (the meaning, etymology of the
word, etc.)
After the size, scope and format have been established, the next objective is the
selection of the entry-words, as well as gathering and classification of information from
earlier dictionaries (Jakaitiene, 2009). Even the most lengthy dictionaries do not contain all
the words of the language, some of them are ommitted as obsolete, rarely used or too
specialized (Landau, 2004). The selection also highly depends on the target user, as school
dictionaries will have vocabularies different from adults’ ones and so on. What is more,
lexicographers have to decide if a multiple lexical unit may constitute a legitimate dictionary
entry or not. If replacing of the part of the unit results in the loss of the meaning, the lexical
unit is considered as a compound and given a separate entry. Another problem is including
phrasal entries that are not lexical units but rather encyclopedic terms. Sometimes such entries
are included in order to justify readers expectations, however, if too many such terms are
included, a dictionary may experience the threat of becoming an encyclopedia (Landau,
2004). Jakaitiene (2009) also adds that the information to be presented in the entry has to be
carefully selected. Only the most necessary data have to be provided and put in such order
that a user would be able to easily find the necessary information.
The last step in dictionary making is production, distribution and sale of dictionaries.
The demand for dictionaries has caused competition in publishing industry and has led to a
vast number of dictionaries published every year. In such case technical quality may
contribute to commercial appeal (Hartman & James, 1998).
2. The Microstructure of the Dictionary
2. 1. Linguistic and semiotic characteristics of dictionaries
Each dictionary has its own internal characteristics which help to classify them into
certain categories. In general, these characteristics are divided according to their nature into
three types: 1) linguistic, 2) semiotic and 3) sociological ones. The latter is the smallest group
16
as it includes the traits of the prospective user of a dictionary, such as the age, nationality or
the degree of awareness of the language in the dictionary (Tekoriene & Maskaliuniene, 2004).
The first two groups of characteristics are much wider. Linguistic characteristics
include the following features:

the scope of material – that depends on the type of dictionary: special or
general, abriged or unabriged, etc.

the type of information provided about the headword. Phonetic information
provides the transcription of the pronunciation of the word. Orthographic
information gives variants how the word can be written. Providing semantic
information, compilers list the meanings of the word. Etymological
information shows the origin of the word and its approximate date of coinage.

the arrangement of items, for example, in the alphabetical order.

the purpose of enterprise – for writing and speaking, reading and listening, etc.
(Tekoriene & Maskaliuniene, 2004).
As Wikipedia puts it, semiotics is ’the study of sign processes (semiosis), or
signification and communication, signs and symbols’4. Thus, semiotic characteristics of
dictionaries are typographic techniques of presentation of information of entry-words and
comprise 1) wording of definitions, 2) marking of pronunciation, 3) special symbols and
abbreviations, 4) typographic style and 5) graphic illustrations. Patterns of definitions will be
discussed in greater detail in the following chapter. Marking of pronunciation shows how the
stressed syllableof the word is marked. Special symbols and abbreviations provide additional
information about the word, such as grammatical, stylistic information, the usage, etc.
Typographic style deals with the font: how are the headwords separated, the examples
signified, etc. Graphical illustration, as the name suggests, gives a drawn image of the word.
2. 2. Entry design
All words have two kinds of definitions – lexical and logical. The traditional rules of
lexical definition say that first of all the word ’must be defined according to the class of things
to which it belongs, and then distinguished from all other things within that class’ (Landau,
2004:153). The designation is the main basis for the definition as it enables us to understand
4
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotics
17
what a thing is, to recognize it and to attach a name to it. Connotation may suggest a degree of
formality or informality, or variety of usage. The last component of meaning is the range of
application, i. e. how broadly can the lexical unit be applied.
Landau (2004) distinguishes the following principles of defining in order of
importance:

Avoid circularity. No word can be defined by a word whose own definition depends
upon the word it is defining. It is a bad practise to define, for example, beauty as the
state of being beautiful and beautiful as full of beauty. Such circular definitions do not
provide the user the opportunity to find out the meaning he has looked up.

Define every word used in the definition. The so-called Word Not In rule is often
violated when a word is used in a definition but is not defined itself. This rule applies
only to scientific and technical dictionaries. Today it is much easier to check words
and see if it is defined or not, however, still some problems arise, for example,
computer check cannot distinguish sense, so words may still be used in definitions in
nonallowable senses. What is more, the list of words in a dictionary is constantly
changing – some new words are being added and others deleted – so a definitive check
for WNI cannot be finished until the end of the project. However, making changes at
late stages of dictionary making may affect other definitions and cause serious
damage. Therefore the computerized database must be used carefully.

Define the entry word. The basic purpose of a good definition is that it must answer
the question what is it? If it fails to do this, it is of no worth at all. The main reason
why a word is not defined is the confusion between the concept and the word. In
dictionaries, words are the most important, not the concepts underlying them.
Landau (2004) also proposes some steps of good defining practice:

Priority of essence. The most relevant information comes first, the less relevant – later.
Lexicographers must put themselves into a readers place and imagine the possible
assumptions the reader might make about the definition.

Substitutability. The definition should be substitutable for the word in context.
However, it is not a must, it is desirable when no other alternative is clearly better.

Reflection of grammatical function. The definition should reflect the part-of-speech of
the word defined.
18

Simplicity. The rule is that difficult words should be excluded in definitions of simpler
words. However, sometimes it is difficult to follow this as the word may be very
simple but the thing it designates may be very complex. In such cases hard words are
used because they have more exact meanings than simpler words.

Brevity. This applies more to paper dictionaries as it saves space but online
dictionaries also should have such definitions that say the most in the least number of
words.

Avoidance of ambiguity. If a polysemous word is used in a definition, the rest of the
definition must make its particular sense clear.
Landau goes on explaining how to define by part-of-speech. He points out that nouns
are the most easiest to define. The defining noun should relate to such properties as the
appearance, composition or purpose of the thing defined, however, it should also denote the
essential property of the thing. If that property were missing, the thing could not be identified
by the word. In general, the noun definition must answer the question What is it?
Adjective definitions have special introductory adjectives, such as able to, capable of,
designating, involving, etc. Sometimes two introductory adjectives may be used in
combination but they should not be overused. The most frequent word in the definitions of
adjectives is of because it covers many senses and is space-saving being very short.
Verbs definitions are considered to be the most difficult to define as they have many
senses and complex relationship between them and their objects. The verb definition begins
with the infinitive or another verb. Sentence definitions are often used to to define the verb,
as well as synonyms might be given as cross-references. Transitive verbs must be defined
transitively and intransitive verbs-intransitively. The object of the word has to be a part of its
meaning.
The system of language contains not so many unambigous words, indeed, there are
much more words that have several meanings. Such words are called polysemous words and
the notion itself – polysemy. The main reason why polysemous words appear and exist is that
they conform to the new situation and become something else, together staying the same
(Jakaitiene, 2009).
Every word has the main meaning(s) and several secondary ones. The main meaning
is understood without the context. It is usually presented firstly in the dictionary entry because
it determines the formation of other meanings of the word. The secondary meanings usually
depend on the position of the word , i.e. they appear and can be understood only when the
19
word is used in a context. The secondary meanings appear for two reasons, firstly, when there
is a need to name some new things which are similar to the thing that the word designates or
have some logical relations to it. Secondly, when there is a need to change an emotionally
neutral name of some thing into a more vivid, figurative name (Jakaitiene, 2009).
If the word has only one meaning, it does not cause any problems defining it.
However, there are plenty of words that have more than one meaning, for example, five, ten
meanings or even more and the question arises how these meanings should be arranged,
which are more important and which are less. Tekoriene and Maskaliuniene (2004) suggest
three ways to arrange the meanings of a polysemous word:

The historical order. The meanings are listed according to their historical
development.

The frequency of use. The more frequent meanings come first and less frequent –
after.

The logical order. Some meanings of the word are closer to each other than other
meanings. There are three gradations distinguished of closeness of meanings:
(a) loosely related meanings, almost homonymous;
(b) relations among the majority of polysemantic words.
(c) closely related meanings regarded as shades of meaning.
This system of relations of meanings is usually indicated by numerals or letters in the
entries.
There is no one strict way of how an entry word should be described and dictionaries
usually use several patterns of definitions. Tekoriene and Maskaliuniene (2004) suggest six
patterns of meaning description:
1. By means of descriptive definitions and paraphrases. These are very abstract
descriptions of the word, often explaining what the word is but not how the thing that
the word designates, looks like.
2. By full-sentence definitions built on the typical syntactical pattern of the word
defined; a sentence is given where the word is used in its typical place in the sentence.
3. With the help of synonymous words; synonyms are given in order to clarify the
meaning.
20
4. By describing the thing which the word designates, i. e. by encyclopedic description;
the detailed description of the appearance or composition of the item or notion that the
word designates is provided.
5. By means of cross-references; that means that a reference to another word is given
and the meaning can be grasped through the definition of that referential word.
6. Two types of definitions may be used in conjunction; as the name suggests, these are
any two types of definitions used together to provide a clearer meaning.
The study adheres to these patterns of definitions and the attempt is made to classify the
selected definitions of both dictionaries under these patterns.
Next to the meanings, the practice is common to give examples of the usage of the
word. This illustrative material is basically given for the purpose to clarify the meaning ant to
demonstrate typical patterns and collocations. The examples may be taken from various
sources. Firstly, they may be drawn from literary sources belonging to the best authors. They
may be given in the original length or shortened. Sometimes the author, the work or some
other information of the quotation is indicated; sometimes it may not be presented at all.
Secondly, they might be taken from any written or tape recorded matter, the main reason
being the typical usage of the meaning. Finally, the examples may be created by the authors
of the dictionary; however, this practice has been criticized a lot. Nowadays, there is no need
to make up the examples to illustrate the meaning as corpora have been created and are
widely used for this purpose. The examples only might be shortened in order to save space
(Tekoriene & Maskaliuniene, 2004).
21
3. Juxtaposition of English and Lithuanian Word Entries
3.1 Juxtaposition of Linguistic Characteristics
Linguistic characteristics comprise the scope of the material in the dictionaries under
analysis, i.e. type of the arrangement of items, purpose of enterprise and character of
information concerning headwords: phonetic, orthographic, semantic, stylistic, historical, etc.
This chapter mainly deals with information on entry words.
3.1.1. Phonetic information
In the Merriam-Webster dictionary pronunciation of the words is given as it usually
differs from the orthographic aspect of a word. Sometimes two ways of pronunciation –
British and American English – are given depending on whether the word has variants of
pronunciation. The stress mark is also indicated showing which part should be stressed when
pronouncing:
Main Entry: circumstance
Pronunciation: \ˈsər-kəm-ˌstan(t)s, -stən(t)s\
Main Entry: path
Pronunciation: \ˈpath, ˈpäth\
Main Entry: cacao
Pronunciation: \kə-ˈkau̇, kə-ˈkā-(ˌ)ō\
In the Lithuanian language letters in a word are pronounced as they are written, so no
pronunciation is needed to be given. However, the stressed syllable is always indicated and
there are cases when the same word can be stressed differently:
Vérg|as (3), veřg|as (4),
Áidas (3), aĩdas (4)
Kibìr|as (2), kìbir|as (3b)
The declension of the word is also given which might help to stress other cases of the
word correctly if the reader is familiar with the rules of declension.
22
3.1.2. Orthographic information
Orthography deals with spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word breaks and
punctuation. However, in this part only spelling will be discussed, as the variables chosen for
the research are one-word appellative nouns and no other orthographic peculiarities of the
languages can be inferred.
In the Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian no peculiar cases of spelling have been found
as in the Lithuanian language words do not have spelling variants. In English, on the contrary,
there are cases when two or even more variants of spelling are possible:
Main Entry: ax (Am. En.)
Variant(s): or axe (Br. En.)
Main Entry: czar (Am. En.)
Variant(s): also tsar or tzar (Br. En.)
Main Entry: mustache (Am. En.)
Variant(s): also moustache (Br. En).
Main Entry: license (Am. En.)
Variant(s): or licence (Br. En.)
Main Entry: theater (Am. En.)
Variant(s): or theatre (Br. En.)
Main Entry: archaeology (Am. En.)
Variant(s): or archeology (Br. En.)
Not only the pronunciation of some words differs in American and British English but
the spelling as well. As the MWD is published in the United States, firstly, the American
spelling is provided and only then its British variants are given. However, both spelling
variants of the words are possible to use and are not considered as mistakes.
Also, the plural of the word is often given if its spelling differs from the spelling of the
singular form, for example:
Main Entry: goose
Inflected Form(s): plural geese \ˈgēs\
Main Entry: echo
Inflected Form(s): plural echoes also echos
Main Entry: broth·er
Inflected Form(s): plural brothers also breth·ren
23
Main Entry: mosquito
Inflected Form(s): plural mos·qui·toes also mos·qui·tos
As the examples demonstrate, sometimes the plural form is completely different,
sometimes it is the same, but two variants of the ending are possible. This is in the words of
the foreign origin, as their plural form should end with –s, while the plural of native words
ending with -o in singular should have the inflection -es. However, today both variants are
equally correct.
3.1.3. Semantic and stylistic information
Semantic information is reflected in the definitions of the entries and developed by the
examples of word usage in the context. In most cases English definitions were broader and
explained the word in greater detail:
Clay
1 a : an earthy material that is plastic when moist but hard when fired, that is composed
mainly of fine particles of hydrous aluminum silicates and other minerals, and that is used for
brick, tile, and pottery; specifically : soil composed chiefly of this material having particles
less than a specified size b : EARTH, MUD
2 a : a substance that resembles clay in plasticity and is used for modeling b : the human body
as distinguished from the spirit c : fundamental nature or character <the common clay>
3 : CLAY COURT
— clay·ey \ˈklā-ē\ adjective
— clay·ish \ˈklā-ish\ adjective
— clay·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
mól|is (1) gabalinė žemė iš smulkiausių sukibusių dalelių: Žemė prie ~io. Asla plūkta ~iu. ~io
puodas. Baltasis, raudonasis, margasis m. M. tyžta, limpa, įdžiūvo. Sviesto kaip ~io (daug). Jis
tik ~iui minkyti tetinka (niekam vertas).
~io Motiejus (ištižėlis, liurbis). Ne iš ~io drėbtas (nežioplas). To paties ~io (toks pat).
The first definition in the English dictionary resembles an encyclopedic definition
which explains what the word means by describing the texture, composition and usage of
clay. The Lithuanian variant is defined in simpler words, no scientific terms are used and less
information is provided as only the composition is described. However, the usage of the word
molis is shown in various phraseological units whereas the Merriam-Webster dictionary gives
only one example (2c). The English dictionary also gives two synonyms (earth, mud) which
may be referred to in order to clarify the meaning. Apart from direct meaning, some
additional meanings are given; firstly, any substance that resembles clay in its texture may be
24
called clay. Secondly, a metaphorical meaning is given which denotes a human body
distinguished from the spirit, whereas in the Lithuanian language there is no such parallel
between clay and the human body. Also, the derivatives of the word are given in the MWD,
while in the DML only the main – direct – meaning is provided. As it was mentioned, molis in
the Lithuanian language does not possess any metaphorical meanings as a word itself,
however, when used in some sayings, it gains different meanings; for example, the English
equivalents for molio Motiejus could be goof, muff, golem that in fact do not have anything in
common with clay. It should be mentioned that such sayings with molis in the Lithuanian
language are usually used in spoken form or in fiction as a stylistic means.
grind|ys, ~‹ dgs. (4)
lentų ar kitoks klojinys patalpoje: Lentų, parketo, linoleumo, marmuro g. Dažytos g. Įdėtos
naujos g. Svirno ~užės bildėjo (d.)
Main Entry: floor
1 : the level base of a room
2 a : the lower inside surface of a hollow structure (as a cave or bodily part) b : a ground
surface <the ocean floor>
3 a : a structure dividing a building into stories; also : STORY b : the occupants of such a floor
4 : the surface of a structure on which one travels <the floor of a bridge>
5 a : a main level space (as in a stock exchange or legislative chamber) distinguished from a
platform or gallery b : the specially prepared or marked area on which indoor sports events
take place c : the members of an assembly <took questions from the floor> d : the right to
address an assembly <the senator from Utah has the floor>
6 : a lower limit : BASE
— floored adjective
— from the floor : in field goals as opposed to free throws <made 16 of 18 shots from
the floor>
As it may be seen, this word in Lithuanian has only one – direct – meaning, whereas in
English even six meanings can be found. The DML gives a description of grindys which says
that it is a form of planks or other material in a room. Also other collocations are given,
naming various building materials, such as parquet, linoleum, marble, etc. To illustrate the
usage, an example is taken from the Lithuanian folk song. However, again, this word has only
one meaning. The English equivalent floor, apart from its direct meaning, which is a base
level of a room, has five more secondary metaphorical, or indirect, meanings. It means a
ground surface not only in a room but also in any hollow structure, such as a cave or an ocean
among them. What is more, floor may be used as a synonym of the word story when talking
about the division of the building into stories. In the Lithuanian language, though, the word
grindys cannot replace the word aukštas. One more meaning of the word is the surface of a
25
structure on which one travels. So we see that in English floor may denote any outside or
inside surface level while in Lithuanian it denotes only the inside level.
The fifth meaning is divided into smaller definitions and it shows how many different
notions this word may denote. Firstly, a main level space (as in a stock exchange or
legislative chamber) distinguished from a platform or gallery. Secondly, it also denotes a
marked indoor area. Thirdly, the members of an assembly may be called the floor, as well as
the right to address the assembly. These meanings are illustrated by examples of the usage of
the word. The last meaning (6) is similar to the first one, only here a more general notion is
meant. The synonym base is also given as floor may be replaced by it.
Mad|ā (4)
1. buities reikmenų, ypač aprangos, šukuosenos formų vyravimas tam tikru laiku: Rengiasi
pagal paskutinę mådą. Senos ~õs drabužiai. Vaikosi ~‹. Žiūri ~õs. ~‹ žurnalas. Išeiti iš ~õs. |
prk.: Meno, kalbos mådos.
2. šnek. įpratimas, palinkimas: Turi mådą pavalgęs prigulti.
… Nė ~õs (visai ne)
Main Entry: fashion
1 a : the make or form of something b archaic : KIND, SORT
2 a : a distinctive or peculiar and often habitual manner or way <he will, after his sour fashion,
tell you — Shakespeare> b : mode of action or operation <assembled in an orderly fashion>
3 a : a prevailing custom, usage, or style b (1) : the prevailing style (as in dress) during a
particular time (2) : a garment in such a style <always wears the latest fashions> c : social
standing or prominence especially as signalized by dress or conduct <men and women of
fashion>
— after a fashion : in an approximate or rough way <became an artist after a fashion>
synonyms FASHION, STYLE, MODE, VOGUE, FAD, RAGE, CRAZE mean the usage accepted by
those who want to be up-to-date. FASHION is the most general term and applies to any way of
dressing, behaving, writing, or performing that is favored at any one time or place <the current
fashion>. STYLE often implies a distinctive fashion adopted by people of taste <a media baron
used to traveling in style>. MODE suggests the fashion of the moment among those anxious to
appear elegant and sophisticated <slim bodies are the mode at this resort>. VOGUE stresses the
wide acceptance of a fashion <short skirts are back in vogue>. FAD suggests caprice in taking
up or in dropping a fashion <last year's fad is over>. RAGE and CRAZE stress intense
enthusiasm in adopting a fad <Cajun food was the rage nearly everywhere for a time>
<crossword puzzles once seemed just a passing craze but have lasted>.
synonyms see in addition METHOD
Only the most general definition of mada is given in the Lithuanian dictionary while
the English dictionary provides not only more meanings of the entry word, but also
concentrates on the meanings of the synonyms of the entry showing the difference between
these synonyms.
26
The first Lithuanian meaning coincides with the third English meaning which is a
prevailing style in a particular time. Comparing these two meanings it may be seen that the
Lithuanian dictionary provides a more detailed definition describing that mada is a prevailing
style of domestic materials, especially that of dress or hairstyles. However, what the
Lithuanian dictionary put into one sentence, the English dictionary explains in several
sentences.
The second meaning in the Lithuanian dictionary coincides with the second meaning
in Merriam-Webster dictionary. It is marked that the word mada denoting a habit is used only
in spoken language, whereas there is no such mark in the English dictionary. Thus, fashion
denoting a habit might be used in both, spoken and written English, and the example taken
from Shakespeare is given to illustrate that.
The MDL provided much more examples of the usage of the word, either collocations,
phrasehological units or whole sentences, whereas the MWD concentrated more on the
meanings. Very often the DML provided a vast number of examples while the MWD only a
few ones, for instance:
nós|is, ~ies m. (1)
1. atsikišusi veido dalis su dviem skylutėmis kvėpuoti; uoslės organas: Tiesi, smaili, kumpa n.
Kvėpuoja, kalba pro ~į. Nusišnypštė ~į. N. varva, bėga. Kalbasi, ~is sukišę (arti vienas kito).
Tik n. kėkso (labai sulysęs). N. užkimšta, nieko neužuodžiu.
Iš ~ies į burną (į gerklę) (labai mažai, menkai išmanyti). Iš po ~ies (iš čia pat). Nė ~ies
nerodyti (neparodyti) (neateiti, neužvažiuoti). Ne po ~imi (nepatinka). Ne (kieno) ~iai (ne
pagal išgales). ~į durti (pakvipti). ~į gauti (patirti gėdą). ~į įbesti (prisikišus žiūrėti). ~į įkišti
(trumpam įeiti). ~į iškišti (trumpam išeiti). N. ištįso (prailgo belaukiant). ~į kelti (didžiuotis).
~į kišti (kaišioti) (domėtis, maišytis į kieno nors reikalus). ~į kyštelėti (trumpam pasirodyti;
pasižiūrėti). ~į laužti (dvokti). ~į nešti (didžiuotis). ~į nudurti (nukabinti, nukabti, nuleisti,
nunerti) (nusiminti). N. nuknabo (nusiminė). ~į nušluostyti (pasirodyti gudresniam, sugėdinti).
Main Entry: nose
1 a : the part of the face that bears the nostrils and covers the anterior part of the nasal cavity;
broadly : this part together with the nasal cavity b : the anterior part of the head at the top or
end of the muzzle : SNOUT, PROBOSCIS
2 a : the sense of smell : OLFACTION b : AROMA, BOUQUET
3 : the vertebrate olfactory organ
4 a : the forward end or projection of something b : the projecting or working end of a tool
5 : the stem of a boat or its protective metal covering
6 a : the nose as a symbol of prying or meddling curiosity or interference b : a knack for
discovery or understanding <a keen nose for absurdity>
— on the nose 1 a : at or to a target point <the bombs landed right on the nose> b (1) : on
target : ACCURATE (2) : ACCURATELY
2 : to win —used of horse or dog racing bets
— under one's nose : extremely near to one <the answer was right under our noses>; also :
brazenly in or as if in one's presence <embezzling funds right under his nose>
27
The Lithuanian entry gives the examples for both the direct and indirect meanings of
the word. The meanings of numerous phraseological units containing the word nosis are also
provided. While the MWD provides both the metaphorical meanings of the word alone and in
a certain context (4-6). However, only three illustrations of the metaphorical usage are given
and no examples of the direct meaning are demonstrated.
akm|uõ, ~ģns v. (3b)
1. kieta uoliena arba atskiras jos gabalas: Gatvės ~enimis grįstos. Iškalė iš ~ens paminklą.
Vanduo nuzulino akmenis. Tašytas, gludintas a. Perskėlė akmenį. Sunkus, kietas kaip a. Ir a.,
vietoje bebūdamas, apkerpėja (flk.).
Main Entry: stone
1 : a concretion of earthy or mineral matter: a (1) : such a concretion of indeterminate size or
shape (2) : ROCK b : a piece of rock for a specified function: as (1) : a building block (2) : a
paving block (3) : a precious stone : GEM (4) : GRAVESTONE (5) : GRINDSTONE (6) :
WHETSTONE (7) : a surface upon which a drawing, text, or design to be lithographed is drawn
or
transferred
2 : something resembling a small stone: as a : CALCULUS 3a b : the hard central portion of a
drupaceous fruit (as a peach) c : a hard stony seed (as of a date)
3 plural usually stone : any of various units of weight; especially : an official British unit
equal to 14 pounds (6.3 kilograms)
4 a : CURLING STONE b : a round playing piece used in various games (as backgammon or
go)
5 : a stand or table with a smooth flat top on which to impose or set type
— in stone : in or into a permanent and unchangeable state <plans are not set in stone>
In the DML a short description of stone is given that allows to create a clear image of
it and no further explanation is needed. In the Lithuanian language it has the only one – direct
– meaning. The meaning is exemplified by several examples taken from folklore as well as
from everyday language. The MWD focuses more on the meanings, providing even five of
them which in their turn are also divided into smaller meanings. Instead of examples, quite a
few synonyms are given which may be referred to in order to clarify the meaning. Apart from
its direct meaning we can see how many different connotations this word may have. The
meaning (3b) of stone is not found in the Lithuanian equivalent akmuo, as another word is
used in the Lithuanian to name the hard central portion of a fruit. Another one more distant
meaning (3) of stone is given which is purely English and has no equivalent in Lithuanian.
The only example is given in the usage of the idiom containing the word stone but not the
word itself.
There were many more cases when the DML provided only direct meaning whereas
the MWD gave several meanings of the word including metaphorical ones:
Tigr|as, ~ė
zool. didelis rainuotas plėšrūnas (Panthera tigris)
28
Main Entry: tiger
1 plural also tiger a : a large Asian carnivorous mammal (Panthera tigris) of the cat family
having a usually tawny coat transversely striped with black b : any of several large wildcats
(as the jaguar or cougar) c : a domestic cat with striped pattern d Australian : TASMANIAN
TIGER
2 a : a fierce, daring, or aggressive person or quality <aroused the tiger in him> <a tiger for
work> b : one (as a situation) that is formidable or impossible to control <how the tiger of
inflation can be tamed — J. A. Davenport> —often used in the phrases ride a tiger and have a
tiger by the tail
In the DML the appearance of a tiger is briefly described, as well as the Latin name is
given and no other explanation about the word is provided while the MWD provides not only
a more detailed description of a tiger (1) but also explains that an aggressive person might be
compared to a tiger through the similarity of quality. But not only may a human being be
compared to a tiger but also an inanimate entity, for example, situation which is impossible to
control. However, in the Lithuanian dictionary only a descriptive definition is given:
Sometimes entry words had a similar number of meanings which more or less
coincided:
auks|as (3).
1. chem. geltonas, nerūdijantis, brangus metalas (Au): ~o žiedas.
2. pinigai iš to metalo ar jo lydinių: Mokėti ~u.
3. prk. kas nors labai brangu, vertinga: ~o žmogus (labai geras).
4. prk. kas panašu į šį metalą: ~o rasa krinta. Saulė ~u nudažė laukus (gelsvai).
… ~u apipilti (labai brangiai sumokėti, duoti). ~o amžius (klestėjimo laikai). ~o diena (geras
gyvenimas). ~o kalnai (didelė gerovė). ~o nagai (rankos) (didelis gabumas). ~o vidurys
(vengimas kraštutinumų, nuosaikumas)
Main Entry: gold
1 : a yellow malleable ductile metallic element that occurs chiefly free or in a few minerals
and is used especially in coins, jewelry, and dentures — see ELEMENT TABLE
2 a (1) : gold coins (2) : a gold piece b : MONEY c : GOLD STANDARD 1
3 : a variable color averaging deep yellow
4 : something resembling gold; especially : something valued as the finest of its kind <a heart
of gold>
5 : a medal awarded as the first prize in a competition : a gold medal.
The main meaning in both languages is a term (1) denoting a metal or chemical
element. The second meaning also coincides, denoting money from this metal. However,
having in mind that the meanings in both dictionaries are given according to their importance,
it is interesting to note that in the Lithuanian language the metaphor of something or
somebody valued or worthy is more important (3) and only then a parallel of gold and yellow
colour is described. In the MWD, on the contrary, the colour is considered to be a closer
29
meaning so it is mentioned first and only then another meaning of gold, which is something
valued, is given. Again, the DML provides collocations next to each of the meanings and even
the meanings of those collocations while the MWD provides only one example of the
metaphorical usage of the word (4).
The following example also shows the tendency of the DML to provide brief
definitions and the tendency of the MWD to provide as detailed meanings of the word as
possible:
bang|ā (4)
1. vandens paviršiaus iškyla, volas, vilnis: Jūros, ežero bangos. Aukštos bangos mušė į krantą.
Plaukia per ~ās. Bangos ritasi, ūžia, putoja.
2. fiz. virpesys, sklindantis ore, žemėje ar kitokioje aplinkoje: Garso, šviesos b.
Elektromagnetinės bangos. Radijo bangos.
3. iškilimas daikto paviršiuje: ~omķs sušukuoti plaukai.
4. prk. kurio nors reiškinio pasmarkėjimas: Streikų b. Emigracijos b.
Main Entry: 2wave
1 a : a moving ridge or swell on the surface of a liquid (as of the sea) b : open water
2 a : a shape or outline having successive curves b : a waviness of the hair c : an undulating
line or streak or a pattern formed by such lines
3 : something that swells and dies away: as a : a surge of sensation or emotion <a wave of
anger swept over her> b : a movement sweeping large numbers in a common direction
<waves of protest> c : a peak or climax of activity <a wave of buying>
4 : a sweep of hand or arm or of some object held in the hand used as a signal or greeting
5 : a rolling or undulatory movement or one of a series of such movements passing along a
surface or through the air
6 : a movement like that of an ocean wave: as a : a surging movement of a group <a big new
wave of women politicians> b : one of a succession of influxes of people migrating into a
region c (1) : a moving group of animals of one kind (2) : a sudden rapid increase in a
population d : a line of attacking or advancing troops or airplanes e : a display of people in a
large crowd (as at a sports event) successively rising, lifting their arms overhead, and quickly
sitting so as to form a swell moving through the crowd
7 a : a disturbance or variation that transfers energy progressively from point to point in a
medium and that may take the form of an elastic deformation or of a variation of pressure,
electric or magnetic intensity, electric potential, or temperature b : one complete cycle of such
a disturbance
8 : a marked change in temperature : a period of hot or cold weather
The Merriam-Webster dictionary provides more metaphorical meanings of wave and
explains them through the descriptive definitions as well as collocations (3, 6).
30
Considering the source of the examples, two types are found in the MWD:
collocations and quotations of scholars or some authoritative or well-known people from
various spheres5:
Main Entry: tree <…>
3 : something in the form of or resembling a tree: as a : a diagram or graph that branches
usually from a simple stem or vertex without forming loops or polygons <a genealogical tree>
<phylogenetic trees> b : a much-branched system of channels especially in an animal body
<the vascular tree>
Main Entry: branch
3 <…> b: an area of knowledge that may be considered apart from related areas <pathology is
a branch of medicine> c (1) : a division of an organization (2) : a separate but dependent part
of a central organization <the neighborhood branch of the city library> d : a language group
less inclusive than a family <the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family>
Main Entry: tooth <…>
4 a : something that injures, tortures, devours, or destroys <jealousy with rankling tooth —
Thomas Gray> (an English poet, classical scholar and professor at Cambridge University)
Main Entry: cement <…>
2 : a binding element or agency: as a : a substance to make objects adhere to each other b :
something serving to unite firmly <justice is the cement that holds a political community
together — R. M. Hutchins> (U.S. educator and college president)
Main Entry: sand
3 : the sand in an hourglass; also : the moments of a lifetime —usually used in plural <the
sands of this government run out very rapidly — H. J. Laski> (an English political theorist,
economist, author, and lecturer)
Main Entry: smoke
8 : pitches that are fastballs <if a guy's going to hit you…he certainly isn't going to throw a
spitter—he gives you smoke — Tony Conigliaro> (a baseball player)
Main Entry: jungle
3 <…> b : a place of ruthless struggle for survival <the city is a jungle where no one is safe
after dark — Stuart Chase> (an American economist and engineer)
Main Entry: hole
5 a : an awkward position or circumstance : FIX <got the rebels out of a hole at the battle —
Kenneth Roberts> (American author of historical novels)
Main Entry: rose
3 plural : an easy or pleasant situation or task <it was not all sunshine and roses — Anthony
Lewis> (a prominent liberal intellectual, journalist)
As it is seen from the examples, the sayings by famous people are used to illustrate the
additional, metaphorical meanings of the words. There was no case when the main meaning
5
Consulted Wikipedia for names, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
31
was illustrated in such a way. The quotations are partially documented as only the author is
indicated, no date or work, or the context where it was said, is given.
The source of examples in the Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian is also dual. However,
it is either 1) short simple collocations used in everyday language or 2) proverbs and sayings
taken from the Lithuanian folklore which are indicated by (flk.). There were also some cases
when examples were taken from folklore songs. These were indicated with the abbreviation
(d.):
grind|ys, ~‹ dgs. (4)
lentų ar kitoks klojinys patalpoje: Lentų, parketo, linoleumo, marmuro g. Dažytos g. Įdėtos
naujos g. Svirno ~užės bildėjo (d.)
gabal|as (3b)
1. atskira daikto dalis: Mėsos g. Cukraus ~iukas, ~ėlis. Lėkštė sudužo į daug ~ų. Supjaustė sūrį
dideliais ~ais.
2. plotas, sklypas; skiautė: Žemės g. Į ~us draskyti. Drobės g.
medis (2)
1. daugiametis augalas su kamienu ir šakų vainiku: Aukštas, išsikerojęs m. Nukirsti, nupjauti,
nuleisti, nugenėti ~dį. Voverė tupi ~dyje. Lipk į ~dį. Jaunas m. linksta, senas – lūžta (flk.).
Aukštą ~dį visi vėjai lenkia (flk.).
So, in both the MWD and the DML, the sources of examples are of two kinds:
collocations and quotations. Collocations of the typical usage of the word in both dictionaries
are not documented at all as they do not have one author. Whereas the quotations or proverbs
are documented, and the difference is that the MWD highly relies on the sayings by famous
people both from the past and present while the DML does not have such practice and refers
to the sayings taken from folklore the authors of which the whole Lithuanian nation is
considered to be.
The tendency was noticed that the DML uses collocations to illustrate the main –
direct – meaning of the word, while the MWD does not provide the examples of the usage
with the main meaning, just a definition. Only additional, metaphorical, meanings are
illustrated by the examples, either collocations or quotations. One of the possible explanations
could be that the compilers of the MWD considered the direct meaning to be clear enough and
concentrated more on the metaphorical meanings which are often difficult to understand
without an example how the meaning of the word changes in a certain context.
32
3. 1. 4. Etymological information
The etymology of the word lets us find out more about the origin of the word – the
approximate date when it was mentioned for the first time and in what language it was coined.
Only the Merriam-Webster dictionary gives the etymology of the entry-words. It might be
useful when we want to check the meaning of the word, or to find out the original language it
came from, i. e. whether the word is a native one or borrowed; or the development of the
word. In most cases the century is indicated but there are cases when the approximate or the
exact year of the coinage is shown. The date when the major part of the words was created
turned out to be before 12th century. It is no surprise, as the core of the vocabulary formed
with the beginning of the language. The words originated before or in the 12th century mostly
defined notions of nature, everyday items, parts of the body, some tools, animals, etc.:
Main Entry: lake
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English, Anglo-French, & Latin; Old English lacu
stream, pool, from Latin lacus lake, pool, pit & Anglo-French lac pit, from Latin lacus; akin
to Old English lagu sea, Greek lakkos pond
Date: 12th century
Main Entry: tail
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English tægel; akin to Old High German zagal tail,
Middle Irish dúal lock of hair
Date: before 12th century
Main Entry: fire
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English fȳr; akin to Old High German fiur fire, Greek
pyr
Date: before 12th century
Main Entry: scythe
Etymology: Middle English sithe, from Old English sīthe; akin to Old English sagu saw —
more at SAW
Date: before 12th century
Main Entry: bone
Etymology: Middle English bon, from Old English bān; akin to Old High German & Old
Norse bein bone, and perhaps to Old Irish benaid he hews
Date: before 12th century
The 13th-16th centuries witnessed the appearance of new words as new things were
created and they needed names. During this period many spheres of science received their
33
names. Also, people started traveling to various parts of the world and began using the names
of new animals and plants. Consider the examples:
Main Entry: mirror
Etymology: Middle English mirour, from Anglo-French mirur, from mirer to look at, from
Latin mirari to wonder at
Date: 13th century
Main Entry: astrology
Etymology: Middle English astrologie, from Middle French, from Latin astrologia, from
Greek, from astr- + -logia -logy
Date: 14th century
Main Entry: lemon
Etymology: Middle English lymon, from Middle French limon, from Medieval Latin limon-,
limo, from Arabic laymūn, līmūn, from Persian līmū, līmun
Date: 15th century
Main Entry: monkey
Etymology: probably of Low German origin; akin to Moneke, name of an ape, probably of
Romance origin; akin to Old Spanish mona monkey
Date: circa 1530
The 17th-20th centuries comprise the growth in technologies and science, therefore this
period is full of new words denoting various scientific terms, inventions, etc.:
Main Entry: refrigerator
Date: 1611
Main Entry: finance
Etymology: Middle English, ending, payment, from Anglo-French, from finer to end, pay,
from fin end — more at FINE
Date: 1739
Main Entry: bacterium
Etymology: New Latin, from Greek baktērion staff
Date: circa 1849
Main Entry: hologram
Date: 1949
Sometimes there was only the date of origin given and no etymology provided.
The most frequent languages mentioned are Germanic languages – Old English and
Old High/Low German if it is a native word. In those cases when the word is borrowed, there
is usually more than one language that word comes from, and the etymology shows the
sequence how the word came from one language into another. The original languages words
came from were mostly those of the Romance branch – Latin and French, as well as Greek
which comes from the Hellenic branch of languages:
34
Main Entry: oxygen
Etymology: French oxygène, from Greek oxys, adjective, acidic, literally, sharp +
French -gène -gen; akin to Latin acer sharp — more at EDGE
Main Entry: sausage
Etymology: Middle English sausige, from Anglo-French sauseche, saucis, from Late
Latin salsicia, from Latin salsus salted — more at SAUCE
Interestingly, there were also some words that originated from the Russian language:
Main Entry: yurt
Etymology: Russian dial. yurta, of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish yurt home
Date: 1876
Main Entry: mammoth
Etymology: Russian mamont, mamot
Date: 1706
Main Entry: vod·ka
Etymology: Russian, from voda water; akin to Old English wæter water
Date: circa 1803
So the etymology shows much information about the word and might be really helpful
that it is provided in the entry next to the meanings and other information.
3. 2. Juxtaposition of Semiotic Characteristics
3. 2. 1. Patterns of Lexicographic Definitions
It must be noted that while identifying the patterns of definitions only the first
meanings of the words were taken into consideration. The MWD frequently divided the
meanings into smaller units separated by letters a, b, c, etc., however, as long as it was under
the number 1, it was considered as one meaning. For example:
Main Entry: peace
1 : a state of tranquillity or quiet: as a : freedom from civil disturbance b : a state of security
or order within a community provided for by law or custom <a breach of the peace>
Main Entry: secret
1 a : something kept hidden or unexplained : MYSTERY b : something kept from the
knowledge of others or shared only confidentially with a few c : a method, formula, or process
used in an art or operation and divulged only to those of one's own company or craft : TRADE
SECRET d plural : the practices or knowledge making up the shared discipline or culture of an
esoteric society
35
All the patterns identified in both dictionaries are discussed one by one in the
following chapters.
3.2.1.1. Descriptive definitions and paraphrases
A descriptive definition means that the meaning of the entry word is explained through
describing it or paraphrasing in other words what it is. There were many cases when this
definition coincided in both dictionaries, for example:
Pavéiksl|as (1)
1. Dailės kūrinys plokštumoje
Main Entry: picture
1 : a design or representation made by various means (as painting, drawing, or photography)
Sag|ā (4)
į kilputę ar skylutę neriamas skrituliukas drabužiams
Main Entry: 1but·ton
1 a : a small knob or disk secured to an article (as of clothing) and used as a fastener by
passing it through a buttonhole or loop b : a usually circular metal or plastic badge bearing a
stamped design or printed slogan <campaign button>
However, the cases were quite frequent when in the Lithuanian dictionary a
descriptive definition was used whereas the English dictionary provided a more informative
encyclopedic definition, for example:
Akis, akiģs m. (4)
1. regėjimo organas: Dešinioji a. Åkys sausos (neverkia). Blakstiena įkrito į åkį. Ašaros
aptemdė akķs. Mirksi akimķs. Atmerkti, praplėšti akķs. Åkys juokiasi, šypsosi, blizga, dega.
Savo akimķs mačiau. Aki‹ liga. Mūsų sesužės juodos akłžės (d.). Jo geros åkys (gerai mato).
Main Entry: 1eye
1 a : a specialized light-sensitive sensory structure of animals that in nearly all vertebrates,
most arthropods, and some mollusks is the image-forming organ of sight; especially : the
nearly spherical usually paired hollow organ of sight in vertebrates that is filled with a
jellylike material, is lined with a photosensitive retina, and is lodged in a bony orbit in the
skull b : all the visible structures within and surrounding the orbit and including eyelids,
eyelashes, and eyebrows c (1) : the faculty of seeing with eyes (2) : the faculty of intellectual
or aesthetic perception or appreciation <an eye for beauty> (3) : skill or ability dependent
upon eyesight <a batter with a good eye> d : LOOK, GLANCE <cast an eager eye> e (1) : an
attentive look <kept an eye on his valuables> (2) : ATTENTION, NOTICE <caught his eye> (3)
: close observation : SCRUTINY <works under the eye of her boss> <in the public eye> f :
POINT OF VIEW, JUDGMENT <beauty is in the eye of the beholder> —often used in plural <an
offender in the eyes of the law>
kakavā (2)
1. kakavmedžio sėklų (pupelių) išspaudų milteliai.
36
Main entry: cacao
1 : the dried partly fermented fatty seeds of a South American evergreen tree (Theobroma
cacao of the family Sterculiaceae) that are used in making cocoa, chocolate, and cocoa butter
—called also cacao bean, cocoa bean
jurta (1)
kai kurių Azijos klajoklių palapinė
Main Entry: yurt
: a circular domed tent of skins or felt stretched over a collapsible lattice framework and used
by pastoral peoples of inner Asia; also : a structure that resembles a yurt usually in size and
design
On one hand, it is useful to get more information about the word, however, there are
encyclopedias for such purpose and a dictionary should avoid providing encyclopedic
information where possible.
3.2.1.2. Synonymic definitions
Synonyms are different words with identical or very similar meanings6. So when it
comes to the definitions of the words, synonyms are very helpful in describing the meaning: a
similar word helps to make a clearer understanding of the word.
balā (2)
1. klanas, valka.
finans|ai dgs. (1)
pinigai, lėšos: Valstybės f. ~ų ministerija
pamokā (3b)
1. pamokymas
atvej|is (1)
kartas, sykis, atsitikimas
However, this was not a very frequent definition in both dictionaries and no case when
the word in both languages was defined by synonyms, was found. In the DML nine cases
were found, whereas in the MWD only one instance was identified. This might be explained
by the fact that not all the words have synonyms or can be described by one word so that the
meaning would be clear. Very often a broader explanation is needed.
6
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym
37
3.2.1.3. Encyclopedic definition
This type of definition often coincided in both dictionaries, especially in defining
flora, fauna, human anatomy, and similar things where encyclopedic information cannot be
avoided.
e.g. morkā, mõrkos (2)
bot. skėtinių šeimos daržovė ppr. raudonu saldžiu šakniavaisiu (Daucus): Valgomosios
mõrkos. Gyvulinės, pašarinės mõrkos. Mõrkų sultys
Main Entry: carrot
1 : a biennial herb (Daucus carota of the family Umbelliferae, the carrot family) with a
usually orange spindle-shaped edible root; also : its root.
e.g. vór|as (3)
1. zool. voragyvis, darantis tinklą, kuriuo gaudo mažus vabzdžius maistui: Naminis v.
(Tegenaria domestica). V. kryžiuotis (Araneus diadematus). Kambarys prilindo ~elių (~iukų).
Main Entry: spider
1 : any of an order (Araneae syn. Araneida) of arachnids having the abdomen usually
unsegmented and constricted at the base, chelicerae modified into poison fangs, and two or
more pairs of abdominal spinnerets for spinning threads of silk for various uses (as in making
cocoons for their eggs or webs to catch prey)
salotā (2)
bot. graižažiedžių šeimos piktžolė ir lapinė daržovė, turinti pieniškų sulčių (Lactuca):
Nuodingoji s. (L. virosa). Sėjamoji s. (L. sativa). Lapinės, gūžinės salõtos
Main Entry: lettuce
: any of a genus (Lactuca) of composite plants; especially : a common garden vegetable (L.
sativa) whose succulent leaves are used especially in salads
The Lithuanian definitions tended to be shorter, providing the most characteristic
features of items, terms or notions; as if no wish to resemble encyclopedic definition was
intended. The English definitions were even more specific and precise and gave more
encyclopedic information about the word. For example, the definition of spider: in the MDL
very abstract information is given, that a spider is such a creature that makes a web and
catches small insects for food. No description of its appearance is given. Whereas in the DML
much more information is provided, including the detailed appearance of a spider, its parts of
the body and only then it is mentioned that a spider makes webs but that is not considered to
be important information. Both dictionaries provided the Latin name of the word.
38
3.2.1.4. Descriptions by cross-reference
Cross-reference is a pattern of definition when a reference to another word is given
instead of defining the entry-word. In the MWD more instances of this were found, the main
reason being the fact that in this dictionary, when a synonym is given, it always has the link to
the definition of that synonym:
Main Entry: vegetable
1 : PLANT 1b
Main Entry: price
1 archaic : VALUE, WORTH
In the DML there is no such a possibility: if the synonym is given, it does not have the
reference to its definition. Therefore, only one example was found:
e.g. arbatā (2)
1. žr. arbatžolės.
Main Entry: tea
1 a : a shrub (Camellia sinensis of the family Theaceae, the tea family) cultivated especially in
China, Japan, and the East Indies b : the leaves, leaf buds, and internodes of the tea plant
prepared and cured for the market, classed according to method of manufacture into one set of
types (as green tea, black tea, or oolong), and graded according to leaf size into another (as
orange pekoe, pekoe, or souchong)
In the Lithuanian dictionary cross-reference is provided in order to give more
information while in the Merriam-Webster dictionary an encyclopedic definition is used to
describe tea. This might be because arbata in Lithuanian denotes an already prepared drink as
well, thus a reference to another word is given in order to provide more information about the
plant itself.
3.2.1.5. Two types of definitions combined
As the name says, this pattern comprises two different types of definitions. The DML
mainly provided the combination of descriptive and synonymic definitions:
alg|ā (4)
darbininko bei tarnautojo darbo užmokestis, atlyginimas
39
alk|is (2)
norėjimas valgyti, išalkimas, badas
aukcionas (2)
viešas konkuruojamasis pardavimas, varžytynės: Paveikslų a. Žirgų a.
abėcėlė (2)
1. visos raidės, išdėstytos tam tikra tvarka, raidynas, alfabetas.
aidas (3), aidas (4)
girdimas garso atsikartojimas (miške, salėje ir pan.), skardas, atbalsis: A. atsiliepė. A.
pakartojo jo žodžius
Such a combination was quite common as it is convenient not only to describe the
thing but also to give a synonym that helps to grasp the meaning of the word. The definitions
were rather short but provided the necessary and most important information.
Interestingly, the MWD also used this pattern of definition, even twice as more
frequently as the DML, only the two most common patterns in combination were a descriptive
definition and a cross-reference:
Main Entry: question
1 a (1) : an interrogative expression often used to test knowledge (2) : an interrogative
sentence or clause b : a subject or aspect in dispute or open for discussion : ISSUE; broadly :
PROBLEM, MATTER c (1) : a subject or point of debate or a proposition to be voted on in a
meeting (2) : the bringing of such to a vote d : the specific point at issue
As mentioned before, the MWD favors using many synonyms to clarify the meaning,
however, in this case these synonyms are considered as cross-references as in the electronic
version of the dictionary they may be clicked on and their meanings are displayed.
The MWD also used the combination of encyclopedic definition and cross-reference
quite frequently, for instance:
Main Entry: jellyfish
1 a : a free-swimming marine coelenterate that is the sexually reproducing form of a
hydrozoan or scyphozoan and has a nearly transparent saucer-shaped body and extensible
marginal tentacles studded with stinging cells b : SIPHONOPHORE c : CTENOPHORE
Not only the detailed appearance of a jellyfish is given but also the names of some
other species of similar creatures which may be referred to and compared to a jellyfish in
order to make a better understanding of the thing.
Main Entry: coffee
1 a : a beverage made by percolation, infusion, or decoction from the roasted and ground
seeds of a coffee plant b : any of several Old World tropical plants (genus Coffea and
especially C. arabica and C. canephora) of the madder family that are widely cultivated in
warm regions for their seeds from which coffee is prepared c : coffee seeds especially roasted
40
and often ground — compare ARABICA, ROBUSTA d : a dehydrated product made from
brewed coffee <instant
In this entry again the encyclopedic information is provided about both the drink made
from coffee beans and the plant itself. In addition, two kinds of coffee are given as references
so that one could compare them.
3.2.2. Special symbols and abbreviations
Having analyzed both dictionaries, it is seen that the Lithuanian dictionary uses
abbreviations when indicating some additional information, while the English dictionary uses
whole words.
In the Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian, the explanations of abbreviations are given.
These forms may indicate the scientific field, for example, botany, chemistry, anatomy, etc.
Also it may refer to any other sphere or area of life that the word belongs to, such as theatre,
cookery, mythology, etc. Consider the examples:
Anglis
3. chem. svarbiausias organinės medžiagos ir iškasamųjų anglių elementas (C)
Agurkas (2)
bot. moliūginių šeimos daržų augalas, vedantis pailgus sultingus vaisius (Cucumis); jo vaisius.
Fazė
3. tech. viena iš kelių skirtingų generatoriaus apvijų grupių ar jos laidas.
Dalis
4. kar. savarankiškas kariuomenės vienetas, susidedantis iš dalinių.
Damā (2)
1. istor. moteris iš pasiturinčių ar inteligentų miestiečių sluoksnių; ištekėjusi moteris.
angelas (3a)
1. bažn. geroji dvasia.
The abbreviation may also indicate some grammatical form, such as a person, a part of
speech, a case, a gender, plural or singular, etc. However, in this case only nouns are
investigated, thus not so many examples may be provided. Here are several of them:
šachmat|ai dgs. (2)
porinis žaidimas tam tikromis figūromis lentoje su šešiasdešimt keturiais laukeliais; to
žaidimo figūros.
padavėj|as, ~a dkt. (1)
maitinimo įstaigos patarnautojas prie stalų
gent|is, ~ies m. (4)
1. pirmykštėje visuomenėje – bendruomenė, susijusi giminyste, papročiais, ūkiu, kalba ir
teritorija: Baltų gentys.
41
vand|uõ, ~ens v. (3a)
1. skaidrus, bespalvis upių, ežerų, jūrų skystis, vandenilio ir deguonies junginys (H2O); šio
skysčio masė.
Finally, the usage of the word, such as ironic, special, dialectal, dated usage, the
spoken language, etc. may be indicated. For example:
madā
2. šnek. įpratimas, palinkimas.
laipsnis
8. tarm. laiptų ar terasos pakopa, kopėčių skersinis
takas
3. prk. veikimo kelias: Gyvenimo t.
šuõ, šuns v. (4)
3. b. prk.niek. piktas, nedoras žmogus
The MWD also uses words to provide additional information about the word but they
are not shortened and they are italicized, for example:
Main Entry: queen
8 often disparaging : a male homosexual; especially : an effeminate one
Main Entry: grave
1 : an excavation for burial of a body; broadly : a burial place
Main Entry: pant
1 : an outer garment covering each leg separately and usually extending from the waist to the
ankle —usually used in plural
2 plural chiefly British : men's underpants
3 plural : PANTIE
Main Entry: degree
4 a obsolete : STEP, STAIR b archaic : a member of a series arranged in steps
The DML uses plenty of various symbols. For example, the symbol | distinguishes the
stem from the ending. Also, in order not to repeat the whole entry word in the example, only
the first letter is written instead of the word. If the case of the word in the example is different,
the symbol ~ is used to show the stem of the word and only the ending is written. The number
next to the entry word shows the declension. The marks ˜, ̀, or ́ show the stressed syllable. All
the symbols mentioned can be seen in the example:
stovykl|à (2)
1. laikina stovėjimo, buvimo vieta: Kariuomenės, sportininkų s. Keleivių, poilsio s. Akmens
42
amžiaus, klajoklių s. Belaisvių, pabėgėlių s. Priverčiamojo darbo s. Po koncentracijos ~ās
kankino.
The illustrative examples in the MWD are distinguished by the symbols <…> while in
the DML the examples are simply italicized:
e.g. rūk|as (4)
vandens garų, virtusių smulkučiais lašiukais ar ledėkiukais, prisisunkęs oras: Ryto r. Tirštas,
skystas r. Balzganas, palšas r. R. gaubia dangų. Iš pievų balti ~a kyla
Main Entry: fog
3 a : a state of confusion or bewilderment <spent the morning in a fog> b : something that
confuses or obscures <hid behind a fog of rhetoric>
3.2.3. Graphical illustrations
Only the Merriam-Webster dictionary provided graphical illustrations of some words
that may be represented graphically. This is quite helpful if after reading the definition it is
still unclear how that thing or entity really looks like. For example:
Main Entry: yurt
: a circular domed tent of skins or felt stretched over a collapsible lattice framework and used
by pastoral peoples of inner Asia; also : a structure that resembles a yurt usually in size and
design
[YURT ILLUSTRATION]
The illustration helps the reader to create an image of the yurt and what the difference
between a yurt and a typical house is.
Main Entry: cacao
43
1 : the dried partly fermented fatty seeds of a South American evergreen tree (Theobroma
cacao of the family Sterculiaceae) that are used in making cocoa, chocolate, and cocoa butter
—called also cacao bean, cocoa bean
2 : a tree having small yellowish flowers followed by fleshy pods from which cacao is
obtained
[CACAO ILLUSTRATION]
cacao 2
The title below the picture indicates that the second meaning of the word is
represented by the illustration, i. e., the cacao tree, not the seeds of it.
Sometimes the definition is too difficult too understand, especially when lots of
scientific terms are used to describe the thing. Consider the example:
Main Entry: jellyfish
1 a : a free-swimming marine coelenterate that is the sexually reproducing form of a
hydrozoan or scyphozoan and has a nearly transparent saucer-shaped body and extensible
marginal tentacles studded with stinging cells b : SIPHONOPHORE c : CTENOPHORE
[JELLYFISH ILLUSTRATION]
44
For people that are not concerned with biology or especially for English learners who
might be unaware of such scientific terms, the graphical illustration helps to understand the
meaning better than the definition itself.
45
Conclusions
The present study focuses on the comparative analysis of linguistic and semiotic
characteristics of English and Lithuanian dictionaries. Qualitative and quantitative methods of
research were applied in order to find out the patterns of definitions used in the dictionaries,
as well as the comparative analysis to investigate the information presented about the
headword.
In the Merriam-Webster Dictionary (MWD) five different ways of meaning
description out of the six presented in scientific literature were identified, whereas in the
Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian (DML) four ways of definitions appeared. No full-sentence
definition has been found. Table 1 and Table 2 show the distribution of the patterns of
definitions in the dictionaries.
Table 1. Patterns of definitions in the DML
Pattern of definitions
Frequency
Percentage
1. Descriptive
358
81%
2. Combination
46
10%
3. Encyclopedic
32
7%
4. Synonymic
9
2%
5. Cross-referential
1
0%
Total: 446
100%
Descriptive definitions turned out to be the prevailing pattern in the DML comprising
the major part of the total. All the rest combined quite insignificant parts. Only one example
of a cross-reference has been found.
Table 2. Patterns of definitions in the MWD
Pattern of definitions
Frequency
Percentage
1. Descriptive
238
54%
2. Combination
108
24%
3. Encyclopedic
95
21%
46
4. Cross-referential
4
1%
Total: 446
100%
The most frequent pattern in the MWD coincided with the one found in the DML. The
same tendency appeared in another two patterns used most frequently in the MWD. The
cross-referential pattern comprised the smallest group with only two instances identified.
The distribution of the patterns of definitions in both dictionaries in percentage is also
presented in Figures 1 and 2 below.
Figure 1. Patterns of the Definitions in Percent (The DML)
0%
2%
7%
10%
Descriptive
Combination
Encyclopedic
Synonymic
Cross-referential
81%
Figure 2. Patterns of the Definitions in Percent (The MWD)
21%
1%
Descriptive
Combination
Encyclopedic
54%
Cross-referential
24%
As it is seen, the distribution of the patterns is quite similar, as the most frequent
patterns coincided with those found in the DML, namely, descriptive definitions, the
47
combination of two patterns of definitions and encyclopedic definitions. However, the
percentage is rather different. More than two thirds of the total consisted of descriptive
definitions in the DML while in the MWD only a bit more than a half of the total was
reached. The combination of two types of definitions appeared to be used more than twice as
many in the MWD as in the DML. Encyclopedic definitions in the DML made an
insignificant part estimating only 7% whereas in the MWD this pattern comprised three times
as many. The difference may be noticed in the usage of synonymic definitions, as in the DML
several cases were found while in the MWD no single case of this pattern was identified.
However, the percentage is rather insignificant comprising only 2% in the DML. Finally, the
smallest group consisted of definitions by cross-reference comprising only 1% in the MWD,
whereas only one instance was found in the DML and it was too little to make any percentage.
The analysis of the characteristics in English and Lithuanian dictionaries demonstrated
that:

The distribution of the patterns of definitions in the English and Lithuanian
dictionaries is similar, the prevailing ones being descriptive definitions and the
combination of two types of meaning descriptions;

The MWD heavily relies on encyclopedic definitions whereas in the DML the
tendency is seen to avoid this pattern and short descriptive definitions are
chosen instead;

The DML uses abbreviations and special symbols while the MWD uses the
whole words to indicate additional information;

The DML indicates only stress, whereas the MWD provides both stress and
pronunciation of the word. However, this is because of the English language
itself as the nature of the Lithuanian language allows pronouncing the letters in
the word as they are written.

The MWD has the advantage in providing the etymology and graphical
illustrations of the words. It is useful to find so much information about the
word in one place. No such information is given in the DML.

The sources of illustrative material differs in both dictionaries as the DML
takes the examples of the usage mainly from folklore or collocations from
everyday language, whereas the MWD mostly refers to the quotations of
famous people and always gives their names.
48
Taking everything into consideration, the Merriam-Webster dictionary provides
broader and more detailed information about the headword than the Dictionary of Modern
Lithuanian. The tendency is seen to give as much as possible information about the entrywords. While the Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian focuses more on the meanings of the word
rather than on additional information, such as the etymology or graphical illustrations. This is
understandable when a paper dictionary is published and the attempt is made to save space as
much as possible but nowadays when electronic dictionaries are created, the space does not
matter anymore and the Lithuanian lexicographers could follow the example of their English
colleagues.
49
Santrauka
Šio magistrinio darbo tikslas – palyginti anglų ir lietuvių žodynų lingvistinius bei
semiotinius bruožus. Tyrimui buvo pasirinkti Merriam-Webster žodynas bei Dabartinės
lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Remiantis darbo tikslu buvo iškelti šie uždaviniai: 1) apžvelgti
teorinę medžiagą leksikografijos tema; 2)
ištirti ir palyginti lingvistinius ir semiotinius
minėtų žodynų bruožus; 3) Atskleisti anglų ir lietuvių leksikografijos tradicijų panašumus ir
skirtumus.
Atliekant tyrimą buvo naudojami tiek kokybinis, tiek kiekybinis tyrimo metodai bei
lyginamoji analizė. Tyrimo metu buvo išanalizuoti 446 lietuviški žodžiai bei jų angliški
atitikmenys.
Gauti rezultatai parodė, jog informacija, pateikta apie žodžius abiejuose žodynuose
buvo gan panaši, tačiau, taip pat rasta ir keletas esminių skirtumų. Pavyzdžiui, kalbant apie
semantinę informaciją, angliškasis žodynas pateikė platesnius reikšmių aiškinimus, o
lietuviškieji variantai buvo siauresni. Taip pat, Merriam-Webster žodynas pateikė
informacijos apie žodžių etimologiją bei apytikslę kilmės datą, tuo tarpu Dabartinės lietuvių
kalbos žodynas tokios informacijos neteikia.
Dar vienas skirtumas pastebėtas pavyzdžių medžiagoje. Lietuvių kalbos žodyne
pagrindinis pavyzdžių šaltinis – lietuvių liaudies dainos, posakiai, patarlės. Kartais pateikiami
tik trumpi žodžių junginiai, vartojami kasdienėje kalboje. Anglų kalbos žodyne tokių junginių
taip pat yra pateikiama, tačiau daugiausia žodžio vartojimo pavyzdžių nurodoma cituojant
žymius žmones.
Išanalizavus žodžių definicijas remiantis Tekorienės ir Maskaliūnienės (2004)
išskirtais reikšmių aiškinimo tipais, pastebėta, jog abiejuose žodynuose dominuoja
aprašomasis (deskriptyvinis) būdas, sudaręs didžiają dalį tiek lietuvių, tiek anglų kalbos
žodyne. Antrasis pagal dažnumą definicijos tipas yra dviejų definicijos tipų junginys. Čia
skirtumas yra toks, kad lietuviškajame žodyne dažniausiai buvo jungiamas aprašomasis ir
sinoniminis būdai, tuo tarpu angliškajame žodyne vyravo aprašomasis arba enciklopedinis
būdai kartu su nuoroda į kitą žodį.
Išnagrinėjus lingvistinius ir semiotinius abiejų žodynų bruožus, pastebima tendencija,
jog anglų žodyno sudarytojai stengiasi pateikti kuo daugiau įvairesnės informacijos apie
50
žodžius, tuo tarpu lietuvių žodyno leidėjai koncentruojasi ties pagrindine informacija, būtina
pateikti tokio tipo leidinyje.
51
REFERENCES
1. An Introduction to Lexicography. Accessed from http://www.ciilebooks.net/html/lexico/link5.htm on June 2, 2010
2. Balčikonis, J. (ed.). 1941. Lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vilnius: Lietuvos Mokslų
akademija. Lietuvių kalbos institutas.
3. Béjoint, H. 2000. Modern Lexicography: An Introduction. Oxford: OUP
4. Crystal, D. 1994. An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Language and Languages. London:
Penguin Books
5. Crystal, D. 2004. The Encyclopedia of the English Language. Cambridge: CUP
6. Dictionary of the Lithuanian language. Accessed from http://www.lkz.lt/en/dze.htm
on June 2, 2010.
7. Hartman, R.R.K. 2001. Teaching and Researching Lexicography. London: Pearson
Educational Limited
8. Hartman, R.R.K. & James, G. (comps.). 1998. Dictionary of Lexicography. London:
Routledge
9. Jackson, H. 2003. Lexicography: An Introduction. London: Routledge
10. Jakaitienė, E. 2005. Leksikografija. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos
institutas.
11. Jakaitienė E. 2009. Leksikologija. Vilnius:Lietuvių kalbos instituto leidykla
12. Jakaitienė, E. 2006. Žodynų istorijos apybraiža. Vilnius: VUP
13. Keinys, St. (ed.). 2000. Lietuvių dabartinės kalbos žodynas. (IV leid.) Vilnius:
Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas.
14. Landau, Sidney I. 2004. Dictionaries: the Art and Craft of Lexicography. 2nd ed.
Cambridge: CUP
15. Lietuvių kalbos institutas. 2003. Leksikografijos ir leksikologijos problemos. Vilnius:
Lietuvių kalbos instituto leidykla
16. Malmkjær, K. 2002. The linguistics encyclopedia. London: Routledge
17. Mitkov, R. 2004. The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics. Oxford: OUP
18. Tekorienė, D. & Maskaliūnienė, N. 2004. Lexicography: British and American
Dictionaries. Vilnius: VUP
19. Thompson, D (ed.). 1995. The Concise Oxford Dictionary. 9th ed. Oxford: OUP
SOURCES:
The Merriam-Webster Dictionary http://www.merriam-webster.com/
The Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian http://www.lki.lt/dlkz/
52
APPENDICES
Abėcėlė (2)
1. visos raidės, išdėstytos tam tikra tvarka, raidynas, alfabetas.
2. prk. kurio nors mokslo pradmenys, pagrindai.
… Morzės a. (sutartinių ženklų sistema perduoti raidėms telegrafu)
Main Entry: alphabet
Pronunciation: \ˈal-fə-ˌbet, -bət\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English alphabete, from Late Latin alphabetum, from Greek alphabētos, from alpha + bēta
beta
Date: 1513
1 a : a set of letters or other characters with which one or more languages are written especially if arranged in a
customary
order b : a system of signs or signals that serve as equivalents for letters
2 : RUDIMENTS, ELEMENTS
[ALPHABET TABLE]
agurk|as (2)
bot. moliūginių šeimos daržų augalas, vedantis pailgus sultingus vaisius (Cucumis); jo vaisius: Paprastasis a. (C.
sativus). Žali, rauginti ~ai (vaisiai). ~ai gerai mezga. Arklys kaip a. (labai priėdęs)
Main Entry: cu·cum·ber
Pronunciation: \ˈkyü-(ˌ)kəm-bər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French cucumbre, from Latin cucumer-, cucumis
Date: 14th century
: the fruit of a vine (Cucumis sativus) of the gourd family cultivated as a garden vegetable; also : this vine
[CUCUMBER ILLUSTRATION]
1 aidas (3), aidas (4)
girdimas garso atsikartojimas (miške, salėje ir pan.), skardas, atbalsis: A. atsiliepė. A. pakartojo jo žodžiu
2 aidas (3)
tarm. triukšmas: Vaikai ~ą kelia. Protužio nepragėriau, ~łžio nepakėliau (flk.)
Main Entry: echo
Pronunciation: \ˈe-(ˌ)kō\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural ech·oes also echos
Etymology: Middle English ecco, from Middle French & Latin; Middle French echo, from Latin, from Greek
ēchō; akin to Latin vagire to wail, Greek ēchē sound
Date: 14th century
1 a : the repetition of a sound caused by reflection of sound waves b : the sound due to such reflection
2 a : a repetition or imitation of another : REFLECTION b : REPERCUSSION, RESULT c : TRACE, VESTIGE d :
RESPONSE
3 : one who closely imitates or repeats another's words, ideas, or acts
4 : a soft repetition of a musical phrase
5 a : the repetition of a received radio signal due especially to reflection of part of the wave from an ionized
layer of the atmosphere b (1) : the reflection of transmitted radar signals by an object (2) : the visual indication
of this reflection on a radarscope
— echo·ey \ˈe-ˌkō-ē\ adjective
akimirk|a (1)
labai trumpas laikas, momentas: Duok ~ai peilio (peilį). Lauk patogios ~os. Iškilminga a. ~os veiksmas (gram.)
… Viena akķmirka (tuoj pat)
53
Main Entry: mo·ment
Pronunciation: \ˈmō-mənt\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin momentum movement, particle sufficient to turn the
scales, moment, from movēre to move
Date: 14th century
1 a : a minute portion or point of time : INSTANT b : a comparatively brief period of time
2 a : present time <at the moment she is working on a novel> b : a time of excellence or conspicuousness <he
has
his
moments>
3 : importance in influence or effect <a matter of great moment>
4 obsolete : a cause or motive of action
5 : a stage in historical or logical development
6 a : tendency or measure of tendency to produce motion especially about a point or axis b : the product of
quantity (as a force) and the distance to a particular axis or point
7 a : the mean of the nth powers of the deviations of the observed values in a set of statistical data from a fixed
value b : the expected value of a power of the deviation of a random variable from a fixed value
synonyms see IMPORTANCE
akis, akies m. (4) 1. regėjimo organas: Dešinioji a. Åkys sausos (neverkia). Blakstiena įkrito į åkį. Ašaros
aptemdė akķs. Mirksi akimķs. Atmerkti, praplėšti akķs. Åkys juokiasi, šypsosi, blizga, dega. Savo akimķs mačiau.
Aki‹ liga. Mūsų sesužės juodos akłžės (d.). Jo geros åkys (gerai mato).2. nertinė tinklo skylė; mezginio, nyčių
kilpa:
A.
pasileido,
ir
iširo
pirštinė.
3. eketė; liūno, ežero akivara. 4. korio skylutė; akyto daikto tuštumėlė: Ragaišis labai išakijęs – vienos akys.
5. bulvės duobutė, iš kurios išauga daigas: Bulves skutant, aķis reikia išgremžti. 6. žiedo ar šiaip kurio daikto
blizgus
pagražinimas.
7. toks kortų lošimas „dvidešimt vienas": Akį (akies) lošia 8. žaidžiamų kaulelių taškas; kortų vertės ženklas:
Karalius – keturios akys. 9. važiuojamo ar kokio kito prietaiso šviesa, lempa. Akis apdumti (apmauti) (apgauti).
Akķs atkrapštyti (prabusti; išmokyti). Akis atsikrapštyti (atidžiai pažiūrėti, prabusti; suvokti). Akis badyti (būti
matomoje vietoje; gėdinti). Akis balinti (piktai žiūrėti). Akis besti (žvelgti). Akis blizginti (gėdinti). Akis degti
(jausti gėdą). Aķis draskyti (įžūliai prikaišioti). Akys dryžos (girtas). Akis dumti (apgaudinėti). Akį durti (būti
matomoje vietoje). Akķs ėsti (kelti nemalonumą). Akis ganyti (gėrėtis). Akį gelia (ima pavydas). Akimis gerti
(gėrėtis). Akį glostyti (maloniai nuteikti). Akimķs glostyti (grožėtis). Akys griūva (norisi miego). A. į akį (vienas
prieš kitą). Akis įbesti (įdurti, įsmeigti, įspręsti) (pažvelgti). Akis išdegti (patirti gėdą). Akis iškišti (trumpam
išeiti). Aķis išpūsti (imti įdėmiai žiūrėti; labai nustebti). Aķis išversti (labai nustebti; supykti). Akys kaista (darosi
gėda). Akis kaitinti (kęsti gėdą, raudonuoti). Akis kamšyti (priekaištauti). Akis kapoti (užgaulioti). Akis kėsti
(priešintis). Akys limpa (norisi miego). Akys lipa iš kaktos (apie smarkų ko darymą). Akys marios (daug nori).
Akyse matytis (vaidentis). Akį merkti (vilioti, gundyti). Akis mėčioti (žvilgčioti, dairytis). Akį mestelėti
(pažvelgti). Akis (akimķs) mėtyti (žvilgčioti). Akį mesti (pažvelgti). (Vienu) akies mirksniu (mirktelėjimu) (staiga,
tuoj pat, labai greitai). Akies moju (apytikriai; tiesiog). Akimoju (bematant, staiga). Akis muilinti (meluoti,
apgaudinėti). Akys ne duobės (nepatogu ko nedaryti). Akių nenuleisti (įsispyrus žiūrėti). Akių nerodyti
(nesilankyti; gėdytis). Akyse nesirodyti (nesilankyti). Akis nuleisti (pajusti gėdą, drovumą). Akimis nuvesti
(žvilgsniu palydėti). Akis pabalinti (piktai pažiūrėti). Akis paganyti (pasigrožėti). Akis pakelti (pažvelgti). Aķis
parodyti (trumpam užeiti). Akis pastatyti (nustebti). Akis pasvilinti (pagėdinti). Akimis perleisti (peržvelgti). Akis
plėšyti (plėšti) (įžūliai ginčytis). Akis plikti (gėdytis). Akių plotu (spėtinai, kaip numanu). Akis praplėšti
(prabusti). Akys prašvito (pralinksmėjo; aišku pasidarė). Akis pratrinti (pralavinti). Akis pražiūrėti (labai laukti).
Akimis ryti (labai smalsiai žiūrėti). Akis skėsti (stebėtis). Akis skvarbyti (prikaišioti). Akis sproginti (įdėmiai ar
nustebus žiūrėti). Akis statyti (stebėtis, ginčytis). Akis subesti (visiems pažvelgti). Akis sudėti (sumerkti)
(užmigti). Akys svyla (darosi gėda). Akis svilinti (gėdinti, gėdytis). Akimis šaudyti (žvilgčioti). Akį turėti (ant ko)
(mėgti). Akis uždumti (apgauti). Akis užmerkti (mirti). Akį užmesti (trumpai pažvelgti). Akis užpilti (nugirdyti).
Akimis vedžioti (įdėmiai stebėti). Akį verti (žavėti). Akis žibinti (gėdytis). Be akių palikti (apakti). Didelės akys
(godus, besotis). Geras akis turėti (nesigėdyti, drįsti). Į akį dėti (duoti) (miegoti). Į akis durti (tiesiai sakyti,
traukti dėmesį). Į akis kabinėtis (kibti) (priekabių ieškoti). Į akį kirsti (miegoti). Į akį kristi (atkreipti dėmesį,
patikti). Į akis lįsti (būti įkyriam). Į akį mauti (išjuokti). Į akis nesileisti (nenorėti matyti). Į akis nesirodyti
(neužeiti). Į akį pilti (miegoti). Į akį pulti (patikti). Į akį pūsti (suduoti, šauti) (miegoti). Į akis šokti (priekabių
ieškoti). Iš akies (nematavus, tik pasižiūrėjus). (Kaip) iš akies (iš akių) luptas (plėštas, trauktas) (labai panašus).
Iš akių nepaleisti (nuolat stebėti). Kreiva akimi (šnairomis). Kreiva akimi (kreivomis akimķs) žiūrėti (reikšti
54
nepasitikėjimą). Kur akys veda (bet kur). Lig akių (daug). Nė kreiva akimi nežiūrėti (visai nesidomėti). Nežinoti
kur akis (akių) dėti (labai gėdytis). Nors akį durk (labai tamsu). Per akis (akiplėšiškai) meluoti. Per akis
(pakankamai visko). Per akis išlįsti (suteikti daug vargo). Pikta akis (esą galintis pakerėti, nužiūrėti). Pilnos akys
(daug darbo). Plačios akys (dideli norai). Plika akimi (be akinių ar žiūronų). Po akim (arti, netoliese). Prie
keturių akių (tik dviese). Prieš akis (ateityje). Pro akis praleisti (nepastebėti). Tomis pačiomis akimis
(nemiegojus). Trumpos akys (arti temato). Už akių (nesant). Už akių užlįsti (užeiti į priekį; padaryti pirma kito)
Main Entry: eye
Pronunciation: \ˈī\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English ēage; akin to Old High German ouga eye, Latin oculus, Greek
ōps eye, face, Sanskrit akṣi eye
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a specialized light-sensitive sensory structure of animals that in nearly all vertebrates, most arthropods, and
some mollusks is the image-forming organ of sight; especially : the nearly spherical usually paired hollow organ
of sight in vertebrates that is filled with a jellylike material, is lined with a photosensitive retina, and is lodged in
a bony orbit in the skull b : all the visible structures within and surrounding the orbit and including eyelids,
eyelashes, and eyebrows c (1) : the faculty of seeing with eyes (2) : the faculty of intellectual or aesthetic
perception or appreciation <an eye for beauty> (3) : skill or ability dependent upon eyesight <a batter with a
good eye> d : LOOK, GLANCE <cast an eager eye> e (1) : an attentive look <kept an eye on his valuables> (2) :
ATTENTION, NOTICE <caught his eye> (3) : close observation : SCRUTINY <works under the eye of her boss>
<in the public eye> f : POINT OF VIEW, JUDGMENT <beauty is in the eye of the beholder> —often used in plural
<an
offender
in
the
eyes
of
the
law>
2 : something having an appearance suggestive of an eye: as a : the hole through the head of a needle b : a
usually circular marking (as on a peacock's tail) c : LOOP; especially : a loop or catch to receive a hook d : an
undeveloped bud (as on a potato) e : an area like a hole in the center of a tropical cyclone marked by only light
winds or complete calm with no precipitation f : the center of a flower especially when differently colored or
marked; specifically : the disk of a composite g (1) : a triangular piece of beef cut from between the top and
bottom of a round (2) : the chief muscle of a chop (3) : a compact mass of muscular tissue usually embedded in
fat in a rib or loin cut of meat h : a device (as a photoelectric cell) that functions in a manner analogous to human
vision
3 : something central : CENTER <the eye of the problem — Norman Mailer>
4 : the direction from which the wind is blowing
— eye·less \ˈī-ləs\ adjective
— eye·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
— an eye for an eye : retribution in kind
— my eye —used to express mild disagreement or sometimes surprise <a diamond, my eye! That's glass>
— with an eye to also with an eye toward 1 : with awareness or contemplation of <with an eye to the future>
2 : with the object of <built the house with an eye to adding on later>
[EYE ILLUSTRATION]
akm|uõ, ~ens v. (3b)
1. kieta uoliena arba atskiras jos gabalas: Gatvės ~enimķs grįstos. Iškalė iš ~e¹s paminklą. Vanduo nuzulino
åkmenis. Tašytas, gludintas a. Perskėlė åkmenį. Sunkus, kietas kaip a. Ir a., vietoje bebūdamas, apkerpėja (flk.)
2. prk. sunkumas, sielvartas: A. guli ant širdies. Lyg a. nuo širdies nukrito.
3. sintetinis mineralas (rubinas, ametistas, safyras) laikrodžio ratelio ašiai įstatyti.
4. med. vidaus organuose susidariusios druskos kristalas: Pūslės, tulžies åkmenys.
™ Brangusis a. (brangakmenis). Laumės (perkūno) a. (kaukaspenis).
… ~e¹s ant ~e¹s nelikti (būti visiškai sugriautam). Åkmeniu (åkmenį) mesti (į ką) (kaltinti). ~e¹s širdį turėti (būti
negailestingam). Kertinis a. (svarbiausia dalis, pagrindas) Pažaidos a. (kliuvinys)
Main Entry: stone
Pronunciation: \ˈstōn\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English stān; akin to Old High German stein stone, Old Church Slavic
stěna wall, and perhaps to Sanskrit styāyate it hardens — more at STEATODate: before 12th century
55
1 : a concretion of earthy or mineral matter: a (1) : such a concretion of indeterminate size or shape (2) : ROCK b
: a piece of rock for a specified function: as (1) : a building block (2) : a paving block (3) : a precious stone :
GEM (4) : GRAVESTONE (5) : GRINDSTONE (6) : WHETSTONE (7) : a surface upon which a drawing, text, or
design
to
be
lithographed
is
drawn
or
transferred
2 : something resembling a small stone: as a : CALCULUS 3a b : the hard central portion of a drupaceous fruit (as
a peach) c : a hard stony seed (as of a date)
3 plural usually stone : any of various units of weight; especially : an official British unit equal to 14 pounds
(6.3
kilograms)
4 a : CURLING STONE b : a round playing piece used in various games (as backgammon or go)
5 : a stand or table with a smooth flat top on which to impose or set type
— in stone : in or into a permanent and unchangeable state <plans are not set in stone>
alg|ā (4)
darbininko bei tarnautojo darbo užmokestis, atlyginimas: Gauna, ima gerą aµgą. Padidino aµgą. Maža ~ģlė.
Gyvena iš ~õs
Main Entry: salary
Pronunciation: \ˈsal-rē, ˈsa-lə-\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural sal·a·ries
Etymology: Middle English salarie, from Anglo-French, from Latin salarium pension, salary, from neuter of
salarius of salt, from sal salt — more at SALT
Date: 13th century
: fixed compensation paid regularly for services
— sal·a·ried \-rēd\ adjective
aliej|us (2)
augaliniai riebalai: Sėmenų, kanapių, saulėgrąžų, aguonų a. Valgomasis a. ~ų muša, spaudžia. ~uje kepa žuvis.
Salotos
su
~umi.
… ~ų pilti į ugnį (didinti kivirčą)
Main Entry: oil
Pronunciation: \ˈȯi(-ə)l\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English oile, from Anglo-French, from Latin oleum olive oil, from Greek elaion, from elaia
olive
Date: 13th century
1 a : any of numerous unctuous combustible substances that are liquid or can be liquefied easily on warming, are
soluble in ether but not in water, and leave a greasy stain on paper or cloth b (1) : PETROLEUM (2) : the
petroleum
industry
2 : a substance (as a cosmetic preparation) of oily consistency <bath oil>
3 a : an oil color used by an artist b : a painting done in oil colors
4 : unctuous or flattering speech
alk|is (2)
norėjimas valgyti, išalkimas, badas: ~į kęsti. Nuramino, užmetė ~į. Nesitveria ~ił
Main Entry: hun·ger
Pronunciation: \ˈhəŋ-gər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hungor; akin to Old High German hungar hunger, Lithuanian
kanka torture
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a craving or urgent need for food or a specific nutrient b : an uneasy sensation occasioned by the lack of
food c : a weakened condition brought about by prolonged lack of food
2 : a strong desire : CRAVING <a hunger for success>
— from hunger : very bad or inept <the jokes were from hunger — Mordecai Richler>
56
al|us (4)
alkoholinis gėrimas, daromas ppr. iš miežių salyklo bei apynių: Silpnas, stiprus, drumstas, šviesus a. A. rūgsta,
putoja. Nusistelbęs a. Nuo ~aus pilvą skaus. Pastatė ~aus.
… Žvirbliai ålų daro (čirškia)
Main Entry: beer
Pronunciation: \ˈbir\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English ber, from Old English bēor; akin to Old High German bior beer
Date: before 12th century
1 : an alcoholic beverage usually made from malted cereal grain (as barley), flavored with hops, and brewed by
slow
fermentation
2 : a carbonated nonalcoholic or a fermented slightly alcoholic beverage with flavoring from roots or other plant
parts
<birch
beer>
3 : fermented mash
4 : a drink of beer
ananasas (2)
bot. šiltųjų kraštų žolinis augalas, vedantis sultingus vaisius, suaugusius į mėsingą kankorėžio pavidalo vaisyną
(Ananas); jo vaisius
Main Entry: pine·ap·ple
Pronunciation: \ˈpī-ˌna-pəl\
Function: noun
Date: 1588
1 a : a tropical monocotyledonous plant (Ananas comosus of the family Bromeliaceae, the pineapple family) that
has rigid spiny-margined recurved leaves and a short stalk with a dense oblong head of small abortive flowers b :
the large edible multiple fruit of the pineapple that consists of the sweet succulent fleshy inflorescence
2 : a hand grenade
angelas (3a) 1. bažn. geroji dvasia. 2. b. prk. gera būtybė: Ji yra tikras ā.
Main Entry: angel
Pronunciation: \ˈān-jəl\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English engel & Anglo-French angele; both from Late Latin angelus,
from Greek angelos, literally, messenger
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a spiritual being superior to humans in power and intelligence; especially : one in the lowest rank in the
celestial hierarchy b plural : an order of angels — see CELESTIAL HIERARCHY
2 : an attendant spirit or guardian
3 : a usually white-robed winged figure of human form in fine art
4 : MESSENGER, HARBINGER <angel of death>
5 : a person like an angel (as in looks or behavior)
6 Christian Science : inspiration from God
7 : one (as a backer of a theatrical venture) who aids or supports with money or influence
8 : ANGELFISH
— an·gel·ic \an-ˈje-lik\ or an·gel·i·cal \-li-kəl\ adjective
— an·gel·i·cal·ly \-li-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
angl|is, ~ies m. (4)
1. nebaigusi degti medžiagos liekana: Medžio a. Anglys dar žėruoja. Juodas kaip a
2. ppr. dgs. augalinės kilmės iš žemių kasamas kuras: ~imis kūrena krosnis. Akmens anglys.
57
3. chem. svarbiausias organinės medžiagos ir iškasamųjų anglių elementas (C)
Main Entry: coal
Pronunciation: \ˈkōl\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English col, from Old English; akin to Old High German & Old Norse kol burning ember,
Middle Irish gúal coal
Date: before 12th century
1 : a piece of glowing carbon or charred wood : EMBER
2 : CHARCOAL 1
3 a : a black or brownish-black solid combustible substance formed by the partial decomposition of vegetable
matter without free access of air and under the influence of moisture and often increased pressure and
temperature that is widely used as a natural fuel b plural British : pieces or a quantity of the fuel broken up for
burning
apgamas (3b)
įgimta odos žymė, intapas: A. ant veido
Main Entry: mole
Pronunciation: \ˈmōl\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English māl; akin to Old High German meil spot
Date: 14th century
: a pigmented spot, mark, or small permanent protuberance on the human body; especially : NEVUS
aplinkyb|ė (1)
1. ppr. dgs. sąlyga, veikianti ar lemianti padėtį: Susidėjus ~ėms, turėjau grįžti anksčiau. Veiksime pagal ~es.
2. gram. antrininkė sakinio dalis, žyminti veiksmo vietą, laiką ir kt.: Skiriame vietos, laiko, būdo, priežasties ir
kt.
~es.
3. teis. koks nors veiksnys, turintis poveikio nusikaltimo pobūdžiui: Kaltę lengvinanti a.
Main Entry: circumstance
Pronunciation: \ˈsər-kəm-ˌstan(t)s, -stən(t)s\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin circumstantia, from circumstant-, circumstans,
present participle of circumstare to stand around, from circum- + stare to stand — more at STAND
Date: 13th century
1 a : a condition, fact, or event accompanying, conditioning, or determining another : an essential or inevitable
concomitant <the weather is a circumstance to be taken into consideration> b : a subordinate or accessory fact or
detail <cost is a minor circumstance in this case> c : a piece of evidence that indicates the probability or
improbability of an event (as a crime) <the circumstance of the missing weapon told against him> <the
suggest
murder>
circumstances
2 a : the sum of essential and environmental factors (as of an event or situation) <constant and rapid change in
economic circumstance — G. M. Trevelyan> b : state of affairs : EVENTUALITY <open rebellion was a rare
circumstance> —often used in plural <a victim of circumstances> c plural : situation with regard to wealth <he
was
in
easy
circumstances>
<rose
from
difficult
circumstances>
3 : attendant formalities and ceremonial <pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war — Shakespeare>
4 : an event that constitutes a detail (as of a narrative or course of events) <considering each circumstance in
turn>
synonyms see OCCURRENCE
arbatā (2)
1. žr. arbatžolės.
2. gėrimas su arbatžolėmis: Stipri, silpna a. A. dar nepritraukė. Geria arbatą su citrine
Main Entry: tea
58
Pronunciation: \ˈtē\
Function: noun
Etymology: Chinese (Xiamen) dé
Date: circa 1655
1 a : a shrub (Camellia sinensis of the family Theaceae, the tea family) cultivated especially in China, Japan, and
the East Indies b : the leaves, leaf buds, and internodes of the tea plant prepared and cured for the market,
classed according to method of manufacture into one set of types (as green tea, black tea, or oolong), and graded
according to leaf size into another (as orange pekoe, pekoe, or souchong)
: an aromatic beverage prepared from tea leaves by infusion with boiling water
3 a : any of various plants somewhat resembling tea in properties; also : an infusion of their leaves used
medicinally or as a beverage b : TEA ROSE
4 a : refreshments usually including tea with sandwiches, crackers, or cookies served in late afternoon b : a
reception, snack, or meal at which tea is served
5 slang : MARIJUANA
— tea·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
Arbūzas (2)
bot. moliūginių šeimos pietų kraštų daržo augalas, vedantis didelius sultingus, saldžius vaisius (Citrullus); jo
vaisius
Main Entry: watermelon
Pronunciation: \-ˌme-lən\
Function: noun
Date: 1615
1 : a large oblong or roundish fruit with a hard green or white rind often striped or variegated, a sweet watery
pink, yellowish,
or red pulp, and usually many seeds
2 : a widely cultivated African vine (Citrullus lanatus syn. C. vulgaris) of the gourd family that bears
watermelons
archeologija (1) mokslas, kuris tyrinėja pirmykštę kultūrą iš iškasenų, senienų
Main Entry: ar·chae·ol·o·gy
Variant(s): or ar·che·ol·o·gy \ˌär-kē-ˈä-lə-jē\
Function: noun
Etymology: French archéologie, from Late Latin archaeologia antiquarian lore, from Greek archaiologia, from
archaio- + -logia -logy
Date: 1837
1 : the scientific study of material remains (as fossil relics, artifacts, and monuments) of past human life and
activities
2 : remains of the culture of a people : ANTIQUITIES
— ar·chae·o·log·i·cal \ˌär-kē-ə-ˈlä-ji-kəl\ adjective
— ar·chae·o·log·i·cal·ly \-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
— ar·chae·ol·o·gist \ˌär-kē-ˈä-lə-jist\ noun
architektūrā (2)
1. statybos menas: Gyvenamųjų namų a. Smulkioji a.
2. meninis pastato pobūdis: Architekt¾ros stilius. Klasicizmo a.
Main Entry: ar·chi·tec·ture
Pronunciation: \ˈär-kə-ˌtek-chər\
Function: noun
Date: 1555
59
1 : the art or science of building; specifically : the art or practice of designing and building structures and
especially
habitable
ones
2 a : formation or construction resulting from or as if from a conscious act <the architecture of the garden> b : a
unifying or coherent form or structure <the novel lacks architecture>
3 : architectural product or work
4 : a method or style of building
5 : the manner in which the components of a computer or computer system are organized and integrated
archyvas (2)
1. institucija, kuri renka, saugo, tvarko ir tiria senus dokumentus ir rankraščius: Istorijos a. Valstybės a. Teismo
a.
Įstaigos
a.
2. saugoma senų dokumentų ir rankraščių sankaupa: Didelis a. Asmeninis a.
Main Entry: 1ar·chive
Pronunciation: \är-kīv\
Function: noun
Etymology: French & Latin; French, from Latin archivum, from Greek archeion government house (in plural,
official documents), from archē rule, government — more at ARCHDate: 1603
1 : a place in which public records or historical documents are preserved; also : the material preserved —often
used
in
plural
2 : a repository or collection especially of information
arklys (3)
1. darbinis gyvulys: Bėras, širmas, juodas a. A. karpo ausimis. Pažabojo, pabalnojo, pasikinkė ćrklį. Ant ćrklio
joja. Dirba kaip a. (sunkiai).
2. sport. gimnastikos prietaisas pratimams ir šuoliams.
™ Arklio galia (tech. mašinos galios vienetas). Arklio rūgštynė (arkliarūgštė)
Main Entry: 1horse
Pronunciation: \hors\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural hors·es also horse
Etymology: Middle English hors, from Old English; akin to Old High German hros horse
Date: before 12th century
1 a (1) : a large solid-hoofed herbivorous ungulate mammal (Equus caballus, family Equidae, the horse family)
domesticated since prehistoric times and used as a beast of burden, a draft animal, or for riding (2) : RACEHORSE
<play the horses> b : a male horse; especially : STALLION c : a recent or extinct animal (as a zebra, ass, or
onager)
of
the
horse
family
2 a : JACKSTAY b : a frame usually with legs used for supporting something (as planks or staging) c (1) :
POMMEL HORSE (2) : VAULTING HORSE
3 horse plural : CAVALRY
4 : a mass of the same geological character as the wall rock occurring within a vein
5 : HORSEPOWER
6 slang : HEROIN
7 : an athlete whose performance is consistently strong and reliable <a team with the horses to win the pennant>
8or H-O-R-S-E : a game in which players take turns attempting to duplicate successful basketball shots, a letter
of the word "horse" is awarded for each missed attempt, and the first player to receive all five letters loses
— horse·less \hor-sləs\ adjective
— horse·like \hors-līk\ adjective
— from the horse's mouth : from the original source
[HORSE ILLUSTRATION]
asil|as (3b)
1. zool. į arklį panašus, tik mažesnis, ilgaausis gyvulys (Equus asinus): Joti ant ~o. Važiuoja, pasikinkęs ~›lį.
Ausys
kaip
~o.
2. prk. kvailas žmogus.
60
3. toks kortų žaidimas
Main Entry: don·key
Pronunciation: \däŋ-kē, dəŋ-, doŋ-\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural donkeys
Etymology: origin unknown
Date: circa 1785
1 : the domestic ass (Equus asinus)
2 : a stupid or obstinate person
asm|uo, ~e¹s v. (3b)
1. žmogus kaip atskiras individas: ~ens neliečiamybė.
2. gram. kategorija, rodanti veiksmo santykį su veikėju: Veiksmažodžiai kaitomi ~enimis.
™ Juridinis a. (teis. organizacija, turinti teisę valdyti turtą, sudaryti sutartis)
Main Entry: per·son
Pronunciation: \pər-sən\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French persone, from Latin persona actor's mask, character in a play,
person, probably from Etruscan phersu mask, from Greek prosōpa, plural of prosōpon face, mask — more at
PROSOPOPOEIA
Date: 13th century
1 : HUMAN, INDIVIDUAL —sometimes used in combination especially by those who prefer to avoid man in
compounds applicable to both sexes <chairperson> <spokesperson>
2 : a character or part in or as if in a play : GUISE
3 a : one of the three modes of being in the Trinitarian Godhead as understood by Christians b : the unitary
personality of Christ that unites the divine and human natures
4 a archaic : bodily appearance b : the body of a human being; also : the body and clothing <unlawful search of
the
person>
5 : the personality of a human being : SELF
6 : one (as a human being, a partnership, or a corporation) that is recognized by law as the subject of rights and
duties
7 : reference of a segment of discourse to the speaker, to one spoken to, or to one spoken of as indicated by
means of certain pronouns or in many languages by verb inflection
— per·son·hood \-hud\ noun
— in person : in one's bodily presence <the movie star appeared in person>
astrologija
mokymas apie dangaus kūnų įtaką tautų, valstybių bei žmonių gyvenimui ir gamtos reiškiniams
(1)
Main Entry: as·trol·o·gy
Pronunciation: \ə-strä-lə-jē\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English astrologie, from Middle French, from Latin astrologia, from Greek, from astr- + logia –logy
Date: 14th century
1 archaic : ASTRONOMY
2 : the divination of the supposed influences of the stars and planets on human affairs and terrestrial events by
their positions and aspects
— as·tro·log·i·cal \as-trə-lä-ji-kəl\ adjective
— as·tro·log·i·cal·ly \-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
atmosf|erā, ~eros (2)
1. aplink Žemę ar kitas planetas esantis oras, dujos.
2. prk. aplinka, nuotaika: Draugiška a. Darbo a. Spektaklio a.
3. fiz. slėgio matuojamasis vienetas
61
Main Entry: at·mo·sphere
Pronunciation: \at-mə-sfir\
Function: noun
Etymology: New Latin atmosphaera, from Greek atmos vapor + Latin sphaera sphere
Date: 1677
1 a : the gaseous envelope of a celestial body (as a planet) b : the whole mass of air surrounding the earth
2 : the air of a locality
3 : a surrounding influence or environment <an atmosphere of hostility>
4 : a unit of pressure equal to the pressure of the air at sea level or approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch
(101,325
pascals)
5 a : the overall aesthetic effect of a work of art b : an intriguing or singular tone, effect, or appeal <an inn with
atmosphere>
— at·mo·sphered \-sfird\ adjective
atomas
smulkiausia cheminio elemento dalelė, turinti visas jo savybes
(2)
Main Entry: at·om
Pronunciation: \a-təm\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin atomus, from Greek atomos, from atomos indivisible, from a- + temnein
to cut
Date: 15th century
1 : one of the minute indivisible particles of which according to ancient materialism the universe is composed
2 : a tiny particle : BIT
3 : the smallest particle of an element that can exist either alone or in combination
4 : the atom considered as a source of vast potential energy
atsakomybė (1) dorovinių, pareiginių ir teisinių reikalavimų paisymas: Asmeninė, kolektyvinė a. Teisinė a.
Main Entry: re·spon·si·bil·i·ty
Pronunciation: \ri-spän(t)-sə-bi-lə-tē\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural re·spon·si·bil·i·ties
Date: 1737
1 : the quality or state of being responsible: as a : moral, legal, or mental accountability b : RELIABILITY,
TRUSTWORTHINESS
2 : something for which one is responsible : BURDEN <has neglected his responsibilities>
atstõv|as, ~ė dkt. (2)
asmuo, atstovaujantis kieno nors interesams, veikiantis kieno vardu: Išrinko ~łs
Main Entry: representative
Function: noun
Date: 1635
1 : one that represents another or others: as a (1) : one that represents a constituency as a member of a
legislative body (2) : a member of the house of representatives of the United States Congress or a state
legislature b : one that represents another as agent, deputy, substitute, or delegate usually being invested with
the authority of the principal c : one that represents a business organization d : one that represents another as
successor
or
heir
2 : a typical example of a group, class, or quality : SPECIMEN
atvej|is (1)
kartas, sykis, atsitikimas: Tave vis reikia ~ų ~ais prašyti. Šiuo ~u jis teisus. Geriausiu, blogiausiu ~u. Priešingu
~u
Main Entry: case
62
Pronunciation: \kās\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English cas, from Anglo-French, from Latin casus fall, chance, from cadere to fall — more
at CHANCE
Date: 13th century
1 a : a set of circumstances or conditions <is the statement true in all three cases> b (1) : a situation requiring
investigation or action (as by the police) (2) : the object of investigation or consideration
2 : CONDITION; specifically : condition of body or mind
3 [Middle English cas, from Anglo-French, from Latin casus, translation of Greek ptōsis, literally, fall] a : an
inflectional form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective indicating its grammatical relation to other words b : such a
relation whether indicated by inflection or not
4 : what actually exists or happens : FACT <thought he had failed, but that wasn't the case>
5 a : a suit or action in law or equity b (1) : the evidence supporting a conclusion or judgment (2) : ARGUMENT;
especially : a
convincing argument <makes a good case for adopting the proposal>
6 a : an instance of disease or injury <a case of pneumonia>; also : PATIENT b : an instance that directs attention
to a situation
exhibits it in action : EXAMPLE c : a peculiar person : CHARACTER
7 : oneself considered as an object of harassment or criticism <get off my case>
synonyms see INSTANCE
— in any case : without regard to or in spite of other considerations : whatever else is done or is the case <war
is inevitable in any case> <in any case the report will be made public next month>
— in case : as a precaution <took an umbrella, just in case>
— in case of : in the event of <in case of trouble, yell>
audr|a (1),
audr|ā (4)
smarkus vėjas, ppr. su lietumi ir perkūnija: A. medžius verčia. Jūroje kilo baisi a.
◊ ~ą kelti, ~as versti (dūkti, šėlti)
Main Entry: 1storm
Pronunciation: \storm\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English; akin to Old High German sturm storm, Old English styrian to stir
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a disturbance of the atmosphere marked by wind and usually by rain, snow, hail, sleet, or thunder and
lightning b : a heavy fall of rain, snow, or hail c (1) : wind having a speed of 64 to 72 miles (103 to 117
kilometers) per hour (2) : WHOLE GALE — see BEAUFORT SCALE TABLE d : a serious disturbance of any
element of nature
2 : a disturbed or agitated state <storms of emotion> : a sudden or violent commotion
3 : a heavy discharge of objects (as missiles)
4 : a tumultuous outburst <a storm of protests>
5 a : PAROXYSM 2 b : a sudden heavy influx or onset
6 : a violent assault on a defended position
7 plural : STORM WINDOW
— by storm : by or as if by employing a bold swift frontal movement especially with the intent of defeating or
winning over quickly <took the literary world by storm>
— up a storm : in a remarkable or energetic fashion —used as an intensifier <dancing up a storm>
augal|as (3a)
organizmas, mintantis neorganinėmis medžiagomis ir augimui dažniausiai naudojantis šviesos energiją: Laukinis
ć. Globotinas ć. ~‹ mityba. ~‹ ligos
Main Entry: plant
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English plante, from Old English, from Latin planta
Date: before 12th century
63
1 a : a young tree, vine, shrub, or herb planted or suitable for planting b : any of a kingdom (Plantae) of
multicellular eukaryotic mostly photosynthetic organisms typically lacking locomotive movement or obvious
nervous or sensory organs and possessing cellulose cell walls
2 a : the land, buildings, machinery, apparatus, and fixtures employed in carrying on a trade or an industrial
business b : a factory or workshop for the manufacture of a particular product; also : POWER PLANT c : the total
facilities available for production or service d : the buildings and other physical equipment of an institution
3 : an act of planting
4 : something or someone planted
— plant·like \-līk\ adjective
aukcionas (2)
viešas konkuruojamasis pardavimas, varžytynės: Paveikslų a. Žirgų a.
Main Entry: auc·tion
Pronunciation: \ok-shən\
Function: noun
Etymology: Latin auction-, auctio, from augēre to increase — more at EKE
Date: 1595
1 : a sale of property to the highest bidder
2 : the act or process of bidding in some card games
auks|as (3)
1. chem. geltonas, nerūdijantis, brangus metalas (Au): ~o žiedas. 2. pinigai iš to metalo ar jo lydinių: Mokėti ~u.
3. prk. kas nors labai brangu, vertinga: ~o žmogus (labai geras). 4. prk. kas panašu į šį metalą: ~o rasa krinta.
Saulė ~u nudažė laukus (gelsvai) … ~u apipilti (labai brangiai sumokėti, duoti). ~o amžius (klestėjimo laikai).
~o diena (geras gyvenimas). ~o kalnai (didelė gerovė). ~o nagai (rankos) (didelis gabumas). ~o vidurys
(vengimas kraštutinumų, nuosaikumas)
Main Entry: gold
Pronunciation: \gōld\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English; akin to Old High German gold gold, Old English geolu yellow
— more at YELLOW
Date: before 12th century
1 : a yellow malleable ductile metallic element that occurs chiefly free or in a few minerals and is used
especially in coins, jewelry, and dentures — see ELEMENT TABLE
2 a (1) : gold coins (2) : a gold piece b : MONEY c : GOLD STANDARD 1
3 : a variable color averaging deep yellow
4 : something resembling gold; especially : something valued as the finest of its kind <a heart of gold>
5 : a medal awarded as the first prize in a competition : a gold medal.
aukšt|is (2)
1. kokio nors kūno, daikto statinis matmuo, aukštumas: Kas per a. to medžio! Tvora žmogaus ~čio.
2. statinis nuotolis, aukštumas: Lėktuvo skridimo a. Tilto a. Kritimo a.
Main Entry: height
Pronunciation: \hīt, ÷hītth\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English heighthe, from Old English hīehthu; akin to Old High German hōhida height, Old
English hēah high
Date: before 12th century
1 a : the highest part : SUMMIT b : highest or most advanced point : ZENITH <at the height of his powers>
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2 a : the distance from the bottom to the top of something standing upright b : the extent of elevation above a
level
3 : the condition of being tall or high
4 a : an extent of land rising to a considerable degree above the surrounding country b : a high point or position
5 obsolete : an advanced social rank
synonyms HEIGHT, ALTITUDE, ELEVATION mean vertical distance either between the top and bottom of
something or between a base and something above it. HEIGHT refers to something measured vertically whether
high or low <a wall two meters in height>. ALTITUDE and ELEVATION apply to height as measured by angular
measurement or atmospheric pressure; ALTITUDE is preferable when referring to vertical distance above the
surface of the earth or above sea level; ELEVATION is used especially in reference to vertical height on land <fly
at an altitude of 10,000 meters> <Denver is a city with a high elevation>.
aus|is, ~ies m. (4)
1. klausos organas; išorinė jo dalis, grybelis: Išorinė, vidinė a. (anat.). Viena ~imi neprigirdi. Kiškis pastatė -is.
2. klausa: Jis turi gerą ausį. Gieda iš ~ies. 3. kepurės dalis ausiai pridengti. 4. išsikišusi daikto dalis (ppr. su
skyle viduryje): Kibiro, katilo a. Puodo, ąsočio, skrynios a. (ąsa). Bato a. (kilpa užtraukti aunantis). Šakių,
grąžto
a.
(dalis
kotui
įstatyti).
5. lovelis arpo šone grūdgaliams. … is išplėsti (išpūsti, ištempti, pastatyti) (atidžiai klausytis). ~is išūžti (visko
prišnekėti). ~‹ duoti (mušti delnu per veidą). ~‹ gauti (būti muštam). ~is pastatyti (suklusti). Ausys plyšta (apie
didelį triukšmą). Ausys raitosi (labai karšta). ~is skliaudyti (su baime klausytis, tikintis pavojaus). Ausys svyla
(gėda klausytis). ~is užkulti (galvą iškvaršinti). Iki -ų (įsimylėjęs, prasiskolinęs) (labai). Kaip savo ~is (matyti)
(nieko nematyti). Kaip už ~ies (~‹) (išmesti, užmesti, nueiti) (noromis suvalgyti ar išgerti). Net ausys linksta
(noromis valgo). Pro ~is praleisti (nenugirsti; nekreipti dėmesio). Pro vieną ausį įėjo, pro kitą išėjo (neatidžiai
klausė). Tuščios ausys (apie trumpos atminties, neprisimenantį žmogų)
Main Entry: ear
Pronunciation: \ir\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English ere, from Old English ēare; akin to Old High German ōra ear, Latin auris, Greek
ous
Date: before 12th century
1 a : the characteristic vertebrate organ of hearing and equilibrium consisting in the typical mammal of a soundcollecting outer ear separated by the tympanic membrane from a sound-transmitting middle ear that in turn is
separated from a sensory inner ear by membranous fenestrae b : any of various organs (as of a fish) capable of
detecting
vibratory
motion
2 : the external ear of humans and most mammals
3 a : the sense or act of hearing b : acuity of hearing c : sensitivity to musical tone and pitch; also : the ability to
retain and reproduce music that has been heard d : sensitivity to nuances of language especially as revealed in
the command of verbal melody and rhythm or in the ability to render a spoken idiom accurately
4 : something resembling a mammalian ear in shape, position, or function: as a : a projecting part (as a lug or
handle) b : either of a pair of tufts of lengthened feathers on the head of some birds
5 : ATTENTION, AWARENESS <lend an ear>
6 : a space in the upper corner of the front page of a periodical (as a newspaper) usually containing advertising
for the periodical itself or a weather forecast
7 : a person who listens : LISTENER <looking for a friendly ear>
— all ears : eagerly listening <if anybody spoke of that grisly matter, I was all ears…and alert to hear what
might be said — Mark Twain>
— by ear : without reference to or memorization of written music <plays by ear>
— in one ear and out the other : through one's mind without making an impression <everything you say to him
goes in one ear and out the other>
— on one's ear : in or into a state of irritation, shock, or discord <set the racing world on its ear by breaking the
record>
— up to one's ears : deeply involved : heavily implicated <up to his ears in shady deals>
[EAR ILLUSTRATION]
auskar|as (3b)
į ausį kabinamas papuošalas: Gintariniai ~ai
65
Main Entry: ear·ring
Pronunciation: \ir-()iŋ, -riŋ\
Function: noun
Date: before 12th century
: an ornament for the ear and especially the earlobe
autor|ius, ~ė dkt. (1) savarankiškai ką sukūręs ar suprojektavęs asmuo
Main Entry: au·thor
Pronunciation: \o-thər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English auctour, from Anglo-French auctor, autor, from Latin auctor promoter, originator,
author, from augēre to increase — more at EKE
Date: 14th century
1 a : one that originates or creates : SOURCE <software authors> <film authors> <the author of this crime> b
capitalized
:
GOD
2 : the writer of a literary work (as a book)
— au·tho·ri·al \o-thor-ē-əl\ adjective
aušr|ā (4)
metas, kada pradeda švisti, aušti: Skaitė iki ~õs. Pakilau prieš aušrą. Su ~ā išvažiavo. A. dieną duoda (flk.).
™ ~õs žvaigždė (Veneros planeta)
Main Entry: dawn
Function: noun
Date: 15th century
1 : the first appearance of light in the morning followed by sunrise
2 : BEGINNING <the dawn of the space age>
avalynė (1)
gaminiai kojoms apsiauti: Odinė, guminė a.
Main Entry: foot·wear
Pronunciation: \-wer\
Function: noun
Date: 1881
: wearing apparel (as shoes or boots) for the feet
aviet|ė (2) bot. erškėtinių šeimos vaiskrūmis sultingomis uogomis (Rubus); jo uoga: Girinės, naminės ~ės.
Raudonuoja išsirpusios ~ės
Main Entry: rasp·ber·ry
Pronunciation: \raz-ber-ē, -b(ə-)rē\
Function: noun
Etymology: English dial. rasp raspberry + English berry
Date: circa 1616
1 a : any of various usually black or red edible berries that are aggregate fruits consisting of numerous small
drupes on a fleshy receptacle and that are usually rounder and smaller than the closely related blackberries b : a
perennial plant (genus Rubus) of
the rose family that bears raspberries
2 [short for raspberry tart, rhyming slang for fart] : a sound of contempt made by protruding the tongue between
the lips and expelling air forcibly to produce a vibration; broadly : an expression of disapproval or contempt
avil|ys (3b)
bičių būstas; bičių šeima tame būste: ~ių yra kelminių ir rėminių. Vienas a. žiemą iššalo. A. spietė
66
Main Entry: hive
Pronunciation: \hīv\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hyf; perhaps akin to Old Norse hūfr ship's hull, Latin cūpa tub,
Sanskrit kūpa cave
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a container for housing honeybees b : the usually aboveground nest of bees
2 : a colony of bees
3 : a place swarming with activity
— hive·less \-ləs\ adjective
bad|as (4)
1. neturėjimas ko valgyti, nebuvimas pašaro: ~ą kęsti. ~ł marinti. B. prispaudė. Nuo ~o gintis. ~ł mirti. Aklas
menkas) b., kai yra duonos ant stalo.
2. prk. stoka, trūkumas: Pinigų, knygų, malkų b.
… ~ą atgauti (kiek pasisotinti). Prie ~o mieto (sieto) būti (išbadėti)
Main Entry: fam·ine
Pronunciation: \ˈfa-mən\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from feim, faim hunger, from Latin fames
Date: 14th century
1 : an extreme scarcity of food
2 archaic : STARVATION
3 archaic : a ravenous appetite
4 : a great shortage
bagaž|as (2)
1. keleivio daiktai, krovinys, važta: Rankinis b. ~o saugykla.
2. daiktų gabenimas atskirai nuo jų savininko: Siųsti .
3. prk. turimas mokslo žinių kiekis, išprusimas
Main Entry: bag·gage
Pronunciation: \ˈba-gij\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English bagage, from Middle French, from bagues belongings, baggage
Date: 15th century
1 : suitcases, trunks, and personal belongings of travelers : LUGGAGE
2 : transportable equipment especially of a military force
3 : intangible things (as feelings, circumstances, or beliefs) that get in the way <emotional baggage>
baidarė (2)
lengva, siaura sportinė valtis uždaru viršumi
Main Entry: ca·noe
Pronunciation: \kə-ˈnü\
Function: noun
Etymology: French, from New Latin canoa, from Spanish, from Arawakan, of Cariban origin; akin to Carib
kana:wa canoe
Date: 1555
: a light narrow boat with both ends sharp that is usually propelled by paddling
baim|ė (1)
1. tikro ar tariamo pavojaus bijojimo jausmas; prš. drąsa: B. ima. Nugalėti ~ę. Vaikiška b. Iš ~ės suriko.
2. prk. daugybė: ~ę javų privertė.
… Gyva b. (labai daug)
67
Main Entry: fear
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English fer, from Old English fǣr sudden danger; akin to Old High German fāra ambush
and perhaps to Latin periculum attempt, peril, Greek peiran to attempt
Date: 12th century
1 a : an unpleasant often strong emotion caused by anticipation or awareness of danger b (1) : an instance of this
emotion (2) : a state marked by this emotion
2 : anxious concern : SOLICITUDE
3 : profound reverence and awe especially toward God
4 : reason for alarm : DANGER
synonyms FEAR, DREAD, FRIGHT, ALARM, PANIC, TERROR, TREPIDATION mean painful agitation in the
presence or anticipation of danger. FEAR is the most general term and implies anxiety and usually loss of courage
<fear of the unknown>. DREAD usually adds the idea of intense reluctance to face or meet a person or situation
and suggests aversion as well as anxiety <faced the meeting with dread>. FRIGHT implies the shock of sudden,
startling fear <fright at being awakened suddenly>. ALARM suggests a sudden and intense awareness of
immediate danger <view the situation with alarm>. PANIC implies unreasoning and overmastering fear causing
hysterical activity <the news caused widespread panic>. TERROR implies the most extreme degree of fear
<immobilized with terror>. TREPIDATION adds to DREAD the implications of timidity, trembling, and hesitation
<raised the subject with trepidation>.
bajõr|as, ~ė dkt. (2)
istor. pasaulietinis feodalinis, ppr. privilegijuotas žemvaldys; tokios kilmės žmogus
Main Entry: no·ble·man
Pronunciation: \ˈnō-bəl-mən\
Function: noun
Date: 14th century
: a man of noble rank : PEER
baln|as (4) raitelio sėdynė: Sėsti į ~ą. Drybso kaip b. Atidavei arklį, atiduok ir ~ą (viską atiduok). Tinka kaip
kiaulei b. (iron. netinka)
Main Entry: sad·dle
Pronunciation: \ˈsa-dəl\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English sadel, from Old English sadol; akin to Old High German satul saddle
Date: before 12th century
1 a (1) : a girthed usually padded and leather-covered seat for the rider of an animal (as a horse) (2) : a part of a
driving harness comparable to a saddle that is used to keep the breeching in place b : a seat to be straddled by the
rider of a vehicle (as a bicycle)
2 : a device mounted as a support and often shaped to fit the object held
3 a : a ridge connecting two higher elevations b : a pass in a mountain range
4 a : both sides of the unsplit back of a carcass including both loins b : a colored marking on the back of an
animal c
the rear part of a male fowl's back extending to the tail — see DUCK ILLUSTRATION
5 : the central part of the spine of the binding of a book
6 : a piece of leather across the instep of a shoe
— sad·dle·less \-dəl-(l)əs\ adjective
— in the saddle : in control
[SADDLE ILLUSTRATION]
balā (2)
1. klanas, valka: Po lietaus kieme bålos stovi.
2. klampi vieta, ppr. su stovinčiu joje vandeniu, pelkė: Bristi per bålą.
68
… Kuri b. (klausiant nustebus, supykus). B. žino (nežinia). B. nematė (tesižino)! Gyva b. (labai daug). Iš bålos
imti (veltui gauti). Kad tave (jį) b.! (švelniai keikiant). Kaip iš bålos (gausiai). B. nedega (neskubu). Palaida b.
(netvarka). Suk (trauk, tegul) jį b.! (sakoma, paliekant ką, nebesirūpinant)
Main Entry: pud·dle
Pronunciation: \ˈpə-dəl\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English podel; akin to Low German pudel puddle, Old English pudd ditch
Date: 14th century
1 : a very small pool of usually dirty or muddy water
2 a : an earthy mixture (as of clay, sand, and gravel) worked while wet into a compact mass that becomes
impervious to water when dry b : a thin mixture of soil and water for puddling plants.
baletas (2)
muzikos ir scenos veikalas, atliekamas muzikos, šokio ir pantomimos priemonėmis
Main Entry: bal·let
Pronunciation: \ˈba-ˌlā, ba-ˈ\
Function: noun
Etymology: French, from Italian balletto, diminutive of ballo dance, from ballare
Date: 1634
1 a : a theatrical art form using dancing, music, and scenery to convey a story, theme, or atmosphere b : dancing
in
which conventional poses and steps are combined with light flowing figures (as leaps and turns)
2 : music for a ballet
3 : a group that performs ballets
— bal·let·ic \ba-ˈle-tik\ adjective
bang|ā (4)
1. vandens paviršiaus iškyla, volas, vilnis: Jūros, ežero bangos. Aukštos bangos mušė į krantą. Plaukia per ~ās.
Bangos ritasi, ūžia, putoja.
2. fiz. virpesys, sklindantis ore, žemėje ar kitokioje aplinkoje: Garso, šviesos b. Elektromagnetinės bangos.
Radijo
bangos.
3. iškilimas daikto paviršiuje: ~omķs sušukuoti plaukai.
4. prk. kurio nors reiškinio pasmarkėjimas: Streikų b. Emigracijos b.
Main Entry: 2wave
Function: noun
Date: 1526
1 a : a moving ridge or swell on the surface of a liquid (as of the sea) b : open water
2 a : a shape or outline having successive curves b : a waviness of the hair c : an undulating line or streak or a
pattern formed by such lines
3 : something that swells and dies away: as a : a surge of sensation or emotion <a wave of anger swept over her>
b : a movement sweeping large numbers in a common direction <waves of protest> c : a peak or climax of
activity <a wave of buying>
4 : a sweep of hand or arm or of some object held in the hand used as a signal or greeting
5 : a rolling or undulatory movement or one of a series of such movements passing along a surface or through
the
air
6 : a movement like that of an ocean wave: as a : a surging movement of a group <a big new wave of women
politicians> b : one of a succession of influxes of people migrating into a region c (1) : a moving group of
animals of one kind (2) : a sudden rapid increase in a population d : a line of attacking or advancing troops or
airplanes e : a display of people in a large crowd (as at a sports event) successively rising, lifting their arms
overhead, and quickly sitting so as to form a swell moving through the crowd
7 a : a disturbance or variation that transfers energy progressively from point to point in a medium and that may
take the form of an elastic deformation or of a variation of pressure, electric or magnetic intensity, electric
potential, or temperature b : one complete cycle of such a disturbance
8 : a marked change in temperature : a period of hot or cold weather
69
9 : an undulating or jagged line constituting a graphic representation of an action
— wave·less \ˈwāv-ləs\ adjective
— wave·less·ly adverb
— wave·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
bakterija
biol. paprasčiausias vienaląstis mikroorganizmas
(1)
Main Entry: bac·te·ri·um
Pronunciation: \bak-ˈtir-ē-əm\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural -ria\-ē-ə\
Etymology: New Latin, from Greek baktērion staff
Date: circa 1849
: any of a domain (Bacteria) of prokaryotic round, spiral, or rod-shaped single-celled microorganisms that may
lack cell walls or are gram-positive or gram-negative if they have cell walls, that are often aggregated into
colonies or motile by means of flagella, that typically live in soil, water, organic matter, or the bodies of plants
and animals, that are usually autotrophic, saprophytic, or parasitic in nutrition, and that are noted for their
biochemical effects and pathogenicity; broadly : PROKARYOTE — compare ARCHAEA, EUKARYOTE
balan|dis (2)
1. zool. toks paukštis, karvelis (Columba): B. burkuoja. ~džio lizdas. Gyvena kaip ~džiai (sutaria).
2. ketvirtasis metų mėnuo.
… Taikos b. (taikos simbolis)
Main Entry: dove
Pronunciation: \ˈdəv\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English *dūfe; akin to Old High German tūba dove
Date: 13th century
1 : any of numerous pigeons; especially : a small wild pigeon
2 : a gentle woman or child
3 : one who takes a conciliatory attitude and advocates negotiations and compromise; especially : an opponent of
war — compare HAWK
— dov·ish \ˈdə-vish\ adjective
— dov·ish·ness noun
baliņnas (2)
1. įvairios konstrukcijos ir paskirties dujų, rečiau skysčių indas.
2. žaislinė pūslė
Main Entry: bal·loon
Pronunciation: \bə-ˈlün\
Function: noun
Etymology: French ballon large football, balloon, from Italian dial. ballone large football, augmentative of balla
ball, of Germanic origin; akin to Old High German balla ball — more at BALL
Date: 1783
1 : a nonporous bag of light material that can be inflated especially with air or gas: as a : a bag that is filled with
heated air or a gas lighter than air so as to rise and float in the atmosphere and that usually carries a suspended
load (as a gondola with passengers) b : an inflatable bag (as of rubber or plastic) usually used as a toy or for
decoration
2 : the outline enclosing words spoken or thought by a figure especially in a cartoon
bals|as (4)
70
1. kalbos padargų, gyvūno gerklų ar instrumento išduodamas garsas: Pažįstu jį iš ~o. Netekti ~o. B. dreba, virpa.
Neturi ~o (negali gerai dainuoti). Rago b. Pirmu ~ł dainuoja (plonai). Iš ~o pažinsi paukštį (flk.).
2. gaida, melodija: ~o neatseku, nepaimu
3. instrumento registras arba klavišas: Armonikos ~a¤ pagedę.
4. prk. valia, teisė reikšti nuomonę; pareikšta nuomonė: Jo b. labai reikšmingas. Liaudies b. Spaudos b.
5. prk. vidinė paskata: Širdies, sąžinės, proto b.
6. balsavimo teisė; jos pareiškimas: Turėti, gauti, atiduoti, atimti ~ą. Gauti pakankamai ~‹.
7. šnek. balsavimo lapelis, biuletenis: Skaičiuoti ~łs.
8. vns. įnag., prv. garsiai, balsiai: ~ł kalbėti. ~ł atsiliepti.
… ~ą kelti (prieštarauti). ~ą pakelti (pradėti griežtai kalbėti). Ne savu ~ł (neįprastai, pavyzdžiui garsiai,
šaukiamai, išgąstingai ir pan.). Vienu ~ł (sutartinai)
Main Entry: voice
Pronunciation: \ˈvȯis\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old French vois, from Latin voc-, vox; akin to Old High German giwahanen
to mention, Greek epos word, speech, Sanskrit vāk voice
Date: 14th century
1 a : sound produced by vertebrates by means of lungs, larynx, or syrinx; especially : sound so produced by
human beings b (1) : musical sound produced by the vocal folds and resonated by the cavities of head and throat
(2) : the power or ability to produce musical tones (3) : SINGER (4) : one of the melodic parts in a vocal or
instrumental composition (5) : condition of the vocal organs with respect to production of musical tones (6) : the
use of the voice (as in singing or acting) <studying voice> c : expiration of air with the vocal cords drawn close
so as to vibrate audibly (as in uttering vowels and consonant sounds as \v\ or \z\) d : the faculty of utterance
<lost
my
voice>
2 : a sound resembling or suggesting vocal utterance
3 : an instrument or medium of expression <the party became the voice of the workers>
4 a : wish, choice, or opinion openly or formally expressed <the voice of the people> b : right of expression;
also : influential power
5 : distinction of form or a system of inflections of a verb to indicate the relation of the subject of the verb to the
action which the verb expresses <active and passive voices>
— with one voice : without dissent : UNANIMOUSLY
balsis (2)
lingv. kalbos garsas, kurio pagrindą sudaro muzikiniai tonai (a, ā, e, ē, ė, i, ī, o, u, ū)
Main Entry: vow·el
Pronunciation: \ˈvau̇(-ə)l\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French vowele, from Latin vocalis — more at VOCALIC
Date: 14th century
1 : one of a class of speech sounds in the articulation of which the oral part of the breath channel is not blocked
and is not constricted enough to cause audible friction; broadly : the one most prominent sound in a syllable
2 : a letter or other symbol representing a vowel —usually used in English of a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y
bambukas (2)
bot. varpinių šeimos šiltųjų kraštų aukštas, laibas sumedėjęs augalas tuščiaviduriu stiebu (Bambusa)
Main Entry: bam·boo
Pronunciation: \(ˌ)bam-ˈbü, ˈbam-ˌ\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural bamboos
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Malay bambu
Date: 1586
71
: any of various woody or arborescent grasses (as of the genera Bambusa, Arundinaria, and Dendrocalamus of
the subfamily Bambusoideae) of tropical and temperate regions having hollow stems, thick rhizomes, and shoots
that are used for food; also : the jointed stem of bamboo used especially for building, furniture, and utensils
[BAMBOO ILLUSTRATION]
bangin|is (2)
zool. didžiulis žuvies pavidalo jūrų žinduolis: Mėlynasis b. (Balaenoptera musculus). Pilkasis b. (Eschrichtius
gibbosus).
~iai dgs. (2) zool. panašių žinduolių būrys – kašalotas, delfinas ir kt. (Cetacea): Dantytieji ~iai (Odontoceti).
Bedančiai ~iai (Mystacoceti)
Main Entry: whale
Pronunciation: \ˈhwāl, ˈwāl\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural whales
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hwæl; akin to Old High German hwal whale and perhaps to Latin
squalus sea fish
Date: before 12th century
1 or plural whale : CETACEAN; especially : one (as a sperm whale or killer whale) of larger size
2 : one that is impressive especially in size <a whale of a difference> <a whale of a good time>
— whale·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
barzd|ā (4)
1.
apatinės
veido
dalies
plaukai:
Vyras
su
ilga
~ā.
Skusti,
auginti
ba»zdą
2. prk. žmogus su barzda.
3. prk. smakras: Ba»zdą nušalti. Per ba»zdą varvėjo, burnoj neturėjo (flk.).
4. prk. įvairaus pobūdžio atsikišimas daikto apačioje (pvz., mažutės šaknys, rakto galvutė, kirvio išpjova, gaidžio
pasmakrės pakabučiai ir pan.).
… barzdą krimsti (būti susirūpinusiam). ~elė papuro (supyko)
Main Entry: beard
Pronunciation: \ˈbird\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English berd, from Old English beard; akin to Old High German bart beard, Latin barba
Date: before 12th century
1 : the hair that grows on a man's face often excluding the mustache
2 : a hairy or bristly appendage or tuft
3 : FRONT 7a
— beard·ed \ˈbir-dəd\ adjective
— beard·ed·ness noun
— beard·less \ˈbird-ləs\ adjective
bažnyč|ia (1) 1. maldos namai (ppr. katalikų ir protestantų): Gotikos b. ~ios bokštai, varpai. Maža bažnyt›lė.
Kaltą ir iš ~ios veda (flk.). 2. krikščionių religinė bendrija: Romos katalikų b. Stačiatikių b. ~ios susirinkimas
Main Entry: church
Pronunciation: \ˈchərch\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English chirche, from Old English cirice, ultimately from Late Greek kyriakon, from Greek,
neuter of kyriakos of the lord, from kyrios lord, master; akin to Sanskrit śūra hero, warrior
Date: before 12th century
1 : a building for public and especially Christian worship
2 : the clergy or officialdom of a religious body
72
3 often capitalized : a body or organization of religious believers: as a : the whole body of Christians b :
DENOMINATION <the Presbyterian church> c : CONGREGATION
4 : a public divine worship <goes to church every Sunday>
5 : the clerical profession <considered the church as a possible career>
berniłkas (2)
1. vyriškos lyties vaikas. 2. malon. vaikinas. 3. paveikslinė dviejų akių korta, valetas
Main Entry: boy
Pronunciation: \ˈbȯi\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English
Date: 13th century
1 often offensive : a male servant
2 a : a male child from birth to adulthood b : SON c : an immature male <separate the men from the boys> <boy
genius> d : SWEETHEART, BEAU
3 a : one native to a given place <local boy> b : FELLOW, PERSON <the boys at the office> c —used
interjectionally to express intensity of feeling <boy, what a game>
— boy·hood \-ˌhu̇d\ noun
— boy·ish \-ish\ adjective
— boy·ish·ly adverb
— boy·ish·ness noun
bérž|as (3) bot. lapuotas medis balta tošimi (Betula): B. svyruoklis (nusvirusiomis šakomis). B. ruplys
(surembėjusia žieve, diržingas). Užžels keliai ~ģliais, takeliai– dobilėliais (d.). … ~o košė (medus, taukai)
(mušimas, pėrimas rykšte)
Main Entry: birch
Pronunciation: \ˈbərch\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English beorc; akin to Old High German birka birch, Old English beorht
bright, and probably to Latin fraxinus ash tree — more at BRIGHT
Date: before 12th century
1 : any of a genus (Betula of the family Betulaceae, the birch family) of monoecious deciduous usually shortlived trees or shrubs having simple petioled leaves and typically a layered membranous outer bark that peels
readily
2 : the hard pale close-grained wood of a birch
3 : a birch rod or bundle of twigs for flogging
— birch or birch·en \ˈbər-chən\ adjective
beždžiõn|ė (2) 1. zool. primatų būrio atogrąžų žinduolis. 2. b. prk. kas pamėgdžioja, maivosi. ~ės dgs. (2) zool.
tokių žinduolių pobūris (Anthropoidea, psn. Simiae): Žmoginės ~ės (Pongidae)
Main Entry: mon·key
Pronunciation: \ˈməŋ-kē\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural monkeys
Etymology: probably of Low German origin; akin to Moneke, name of an ape, probably of Romance origin; akin
to Old Spanish mona monkey
Date: circa 1530
73
1 : a nonhuman primate mammal with the exception usually of the lemurs and tarsiers; especially : any of the
smaller
longer-tailed
catarrhine or
platyrrhine
primates as
contrasted
with
the
apes
2 a : a person resembling a monkey b : a ludicrous figure : DUPE
3 : any of various machines, implements, or vessels; especially : the falling weight of a pile driver
4 : a desperate desire for or addiction to drugs —often used in the phrase monkey on one's back; broadly : a
persistent or annoying encumbrance or problem
bibliografija (1)
1. knygų ir kitų spaudinių registravimo, aprašymo ir sisteminimo teorija ir praktika.
2. knygų ir kitų spaudinių ar straipsnių sąrašas arba katalogas
Main Entry: bib·li·og·ra·phy
Pronunciation: \ˌbi-blē-ˈä-grə-fē\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural bib·li·og·ra·phies
Etymology: probably from New Latin bibliographia, from Greek, the copying of books, from bibli- + -graphia graphy
Date: 1802
1 : the history, identification, or description of writings or publications
2 a : a list often with descriptive or critical notes of writings relating to a particular subject, period, or author b :
a list of works written by an author or printed by a publishing house
3 : the works or a list of the works referred to in a text or consulted by the author in its production
— bib·lio·graph·ic \ˌbi-blē-ə-ˈgra-fik\ also bib·lio·graph·i·cal \-fi-kəl\ adjective
— bib·lio·graph·i·cal·ly \-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
bibliot|ekā, ~ekos (2) 1. knygų rinkinys: Asmeninė b. Mokinio b. 2. patalpa, kurioje laikomos knygos. 3. įstaiga
ar padalinys, aptarnaujantis skaitytojus: Viešoji b. Mokyklos b.
Main Entry: li·brary
Pronunciation: \ˈlī-ˌbrer-ē, -ˌbre-rē; British usually & US sometimes -brər-ē; US sometimes -brē, ÷-ˌber-ē, -ˌbe-rē\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural li·brar·ies
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French librarie, Medieval Latin librarium, from Latin, neuter of
librarius of books, from libr-, liber inner bark, rind, book
Date: 14th century
1 a : a place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials (as books, manuscripts, recordings, or
films) are kept for use but not for sale b : a collection of such materials
2 a : a collection resembling or suggesting a library b : MORGUE 2
3 a : a series of related books issued by a publisher b : a collection of publications on the same subject
4 : a collection of cloned DNA fragments that are maintained in a suitable cellular environment and that usually
represent the genetic material of a particular organism or tissue
usage While the pronunciation \ˈlī-ˌbrer-ē\ is the most frequent variant in the United States, the other variants are
not uncommon. The contraction \ˈlī-brē\ and the dissimilated form \ˈlī-ˌber-ē\ result from the relative difficulty of
repeating \r\ in the same syllable or successive syllables; our files contain citations for these variants from
educated speakers, including college presidents and professors, as well as with somewhat greater frequency from
less educated speakers.
biliet|as (1, 3b) 1. tam tikras ženklas, duodantis teisę kuo nors važiuoti, kur nors įeiti, dalyvauti: Traukinio,
lėktuvo, autobuso b. Nuolatinis, mėnesinis b. Kino b. Loterijos b. Turiu ~ą į teatrą, rungtynes. 2. dokumentas,
rodantis kokį nors priklausymą: Nario b. Mokinio b. Partinis, karinis b. 3. parengtķ egzamino klausimai vienam
atsakinėtojui: Sunkus, lengvas b. Kartoti ~us. Atsakinėti ~ą
74
Main Entry: tick·et
Pronunciation: \ˈti-kət\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle French etiquet, estiquette note attached to something indicating its contents, from Middle
French dial. (Picard) estiquier to attach, from Middle Dutch steken to stick; akin to Old High German sticken to
prick — more at STICK
Date: 1529
1 a : a document that serves as a certificate, license, or permit; especially : a mariner's or airman's certificate b :
TAG, LABEL
2 a : a certificate or token showing that a fare or admission fee has been paid b : a means of access or passage
<education is the ticket to a good job>
3 : a list of candidates for nomination or election : SLATE
4 : the correct or desirable thing <cooperation, that's the ticket — K. E. Trombley>
5 : a slip or card recording a transaction or undertaking or giving instructions <a savings deposit ticket>
6 : a summons or warning issued to a traffic-law violator
— tick·et·less \-ləs\ adjective
bókštas (1) 1. kokio pastato ppr. smailus paaukštinimas: Bažnyčios b. 2. specialios paskirties aukštas įrenginys:
Vandentiekio, gręžimo b. 3. kampinė šachmatų figūra. … Babelio b. (sąmyšis, netvarka)
Main Entry: tow·er
Pronunciation: \ˈtau̇(-ə)r\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English tour, tor, from Old English torr & Anglo-French tur, tour, both from Latin turris,
from Greek tyrris, tyrsis
Date: before 12th century
1 : a building or structure typically higher than its diameter and high relative to its surroundings that may stand
apart (as a campanile) or be attached (as a church belfry) to a larger structure and that may be fully walled in or
of skeleton framework (as an observation or transmission tower)
2 : a towering citadel : FORTRESS
3 : one that provides support or protection : BULWARK <a tower of strength>
4 : a personal computer case that stands in an upright position
— tow·ered \ˈtau̇(-ə)rd\ adjective
— tow·er·like \ˈtau̇(-ə)r-ˌlīk\ adjective
bomba (1) kar. sprogstamasis įtaisas: Aviacinė b. Atominė b.
Main Entry: bomb
Pronunciation: \ˈbäm\
Function: noun
Etymology: French bombe, from Italian bomba, probably from Latin bombus deep hollow sound, from Greek
bombos, of imitative origin
Date: 1684
1 a : an explosive device fused to detonate under specified conditions b : ATOMIC BOMB; also : nuclear weapons
in general —usually used with the
2 : a vessel for compressed gases: as a : a pressure vessel for conducting chemical experiments b : a container
for an aerosol (as an insecticide) : SPRAY CAN
3 : a rounded mass of lava exploded from a volcano
4 : a lead-lined container for radioactive material
5 : FAILURE, FLOP <the play was a bomb>
6 British : a large sum of money
7 a British : a great success : HIT b slang : one that is striking or extraordinary —used with the <their new
album is the bomb>
8 a : a long pass in football b : a very long shot (as in basketball) <shooting 3-point bombs>; also : HOME RUN
75
9 : something unexpected and unpleasant —often used with drop <dropped a bomb with her resignation>
bról|is (1)
1. vyriškos lyties žmogus kitiems savo tėvų vaikams: Ji (jis) turi du vyresnius ~ius. Gyvena kaip ~iai, mylisi kaip
seserys. Netikras b. (ne to paties tėvo ar motinos). ~ģliai (~už›liai) žirgelius balnojo (d.). ~iłk (~łti, ~ćiti) mano!
2. tarm. pajaunys: Prašė mane už ~į.
3. prk. tos pačios aplinkos, bendrų interesų vyras; artimas, bendras, bičiulis, draugas: Ponas – ne b. (flk.). Kodėl,
~i (~a÷), toks nuliūdęs? 4. bažn. brolijos narys; vienuolis. … Saulės b. (tinginys). Vėjo b. (vėjavaikis)
Main Entry: broth·er
Pronunciation: \ˈbrə-thər\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural brothers also breth·ren \ˈbreth-rən; ˈbre-thə-rən, -thərn\
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English brōthor; akin to Old High German bruodor brother, Latin frater,
Greek phratēr member of the same clan
Date: before 12th century
1 : a male who has the same parents as another or one parent in common with another
2 : one related to another by common ties or interests
3 : a fellow member —used as a title for ministers in some evangelical denominations
4 : one of a type similar to another
5 a : KINSMAN b : one who shares with another a common national or racial origin; especially : SOUL BROTHER
6 a capitalized : a member of a congregation of men not in holy orders and usually in hospital or school work b :
a member of a men's religious order who is not preparing for or is not ready for holy orders <a lay brother>
burbulas (3b)
iš skysčio susidaranti bei kylanti oro pūslė: Vandens, muilo b. | prk.: Iš to viso tik b. (niekai)
Main Entry: bub·ble
Pronunciation: \ˈbə-bəl\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English bobel
Date: 14th century
1 : a small globule typically hollow and light: as a : a small body of gas within a liquid b : a thin film of liquid
inflated with air or gas c : a globule in a transparent solid d : something (as a plastic or inflatable structure) that
is hemispherical or semicylindrical
2 a : something that lacks firmness, solidity, or reality b : a delusive scheme
3 : a sound like that of bubbling
4 : MAGNETIC BUBBLE
5 : a state of booming economic activity (as in a stock market) that often ends in a sudden collapse
6 : the condition of being at risk of exclusion or replacement (as from a tournament) —usually used in the phrase
on the bubble <teams still on the bubble for the play-offs>
bugn|as (2)
1. mušamasis instrumentas, sudarytas iš graižo, aptempto iš abiejų galų oda: Didysis b. ~ą mušti. B. dusliai
dundėjo.
2. tech. cilindro (ar kūgio) pavidalo mašinos dalis: Arpo, kuliamosios b. Karšimo b. Stabdžių ~ai.
3. raudonomis rombo pavidalo akimis žymima korta: Mesk, duok ~ą. Kerta ~ł
~ai dgs. (2) kortų rūšis: ~ų dama
Main Entry: drum
Pronunciation: \ˈdrəm\
76
Function: noun
Etymology: probably from Dutch trom; akin to Middle High German trumme drum
Date: 1539
1 : a percussion instrument consisting of a hollow shell or cylinder with a drumhead stretched over one or both
ends that is beaten with the hands or with some implement (as a stick or wire brush)
2 : TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
3 : the sound of a drum; also : a sound similar to that of a drum
4 : any of various chiefly marine bony fishes (family Sciaenidae) that make a drumming or croaking noise using
their air bladder and associated muscles
5 : something resembling a drum in shape: as a (1) : any of the cylindrical blocks that form the shaft of a column
(2) : a round wall or structure that supports a dome b : a cylindrical machine or mechanical device or part c : a
cylindrical container; specifically : a large usually metal container for liquids <a 55-gallon drum> d : a diskshaped magazine for an automatic weapon
— drum·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
[DRUM ILLUSTRATION]
caras (4)
Rusijos ar Bulgarijos monarchas
Main Entry: czar
Variant(s): also tsar or tzar \ˈzär, ˈ(t)sär\
Function: noun
Etymology: New Latin czar, from Russian tsar', from Old Russian tsĭsarĭ, from Gothic kaisar, from Greek or
Latin; Greek, from Latin Caesar — more at CAESAR
Date: 1555
1 : EMPEROR; specifically : the ruler of Russia until the 1917 revolution (cross reference and desriptive)
2 : one having great power or authority <a banking czar>
— czar·dom also tsar·dom or tzar·dom \ˈzär-dəm, ˈ(t)sär-\ noun
cementas (2)
1. mineralinė rišamoji medžiaga, vartojama statybose.
2. šnek. Cementbetonis
Main Entry: ce·ment
Pronunciation: \si-ˈment also ˈsē-ment\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English sement, from Anglo-French ciment, from Latin caementum stone chips used in
making mortar, from caedere to cut
Date: 14th century
1 a : CONCRETE b : a powder of alumina, silica, lime, iron oxide, and magnesium oxide burned together in a kiln
and finely pulverized and used as an ingredient of mortar and concrete; also : any mixture used for a similar
purpose
2 : a binding element or agency: as a : a substance to make objects adhere to each other b : something serving to
unite firmly <justice is the cement that holds a political community together — R. M. Hutchins>
3 : CEMENTUM
4 : a plastic composition made especially of zinc or silica for filling dental cavities
5 : the fine-grained groundmass or glass of a porphyry
chemija
mokslas, tiriantis medžiagų sandarą, kitimą ir savybes
(1)
Main Entry: chem·is·try
Pronunciation: \ˈke-mə-strē\
77
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural chem·is·tries
Date: 1646
1 : a science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of substances and with the transformations
that they undergo
2 a : the composition and chemical properties of a substance <the chemistry of iron> b : chemical processes and
phenomena (as of an organism) <blood chemistry>
3 a : a strong mutual attraction, attachment, or sympathy <they have a special chemistry> b : interaction between
people working together; specifically : such interaction when harmonious or effective <a team lacking
chemistry>
chirłrg|as, ~ė dkt. (1)
gydytojas, darantis operacijas, chirurgijos specialistas
Main Entry: sur·geon
Pronunciation: \ˈsər-jən\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English surgien, from Anglo-French, alteration of cirurgien, from cirurgerie surgery
Date: 14th century
: a medical specialist who practices surgery
choreografija (1)
1. šokio menas. 2. šokio judesių užrašymas tam tikrų ženklų sistema
Main Entry: cho·re·og·ra·phy
Pronunciation: \ˌkȯr-ē-ˈä-grə-fē\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural cho·re·og·ra·phies
Etymology: French chorégraphie, from Greek choreia + French -graphie -graphy
Date: circa 1789
1 : the art of symbolically representing dancing
2 a : the composition and arrangement of dances especially for ballet b : a composition created by this art
3 : something resembling choreography <a snail-paced choreography of delicate high diplomacy — Wolfgang
Saxon>
— cho·reo·graph·ic \ˌkȯr-ē-ə-ˈgra-fik\ adjective
— cho·reo·graph·i·cal·ly \-fi-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
cirkas (1) 1. populiariojo meno šaka, grindžiama žmonių ir dresuotų gyvūnų efektais, triukais, fokusais.
2. to meno įstaiga; jos pastatas ar palapinė
Main Entry: cir·cus
Pronunciation: \ˈsər-kəs\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin, circle, circus — more at CIRCLE
Date: 14th century
1 a : a large arena enclosed by tiers of seats on three or all four sides and used especially for sports or spectacles
(as athletic contests, exhibitions of horsemanship, or in ancient times chariot racing) b : a public spectacle
2 a : an arena often covered by a tent and used for variety shows usually including feats of physical skill, wild
animal acts, and performances by clowns b : a circus performance c : the physical plant, livestock, and personnel
of such a circus d : something suggestive of a circus (as in frenzied activity, sensationalism, theatricality, or
razzle-dazzle) <a media circus>
3 a obsolete : CIRCLE, RING b British : a usually circular area at an intersection of streets
78
— cir·cusy \-kə-sē\ adjective
chor|as (2)
1. lit. senovės graikų dramos dainininkai ir šokėjai.
2. dainininkų arba giesmininkų grupė, kartu atliekanti vokalinės muzikos kūrinius: Vyrų ch. Mišrus ch. Dainuoti
~ź.
3. archit. bažnyčios balkonas vargonams ir giesmininkams.
4. vns. įnag. prv. kartu, sutartinai: ~ł sušuko
Main Entry: choir
Pronunciation: \ˈkwī(-ə)r\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English quer, from Anglo-French queor, from Medieval Latin chorus, from Latin, chorus —
more at CHORUS
Date: 14th century
1 : an organized company of singers (as in a church service)
2 : a group of instruments of the same class <a brass choir>
3 : an organized group of persons or things
4 : a division of angels
5 : the part of a church occupied by the singers or by the clergy; also : the part of a church where the services are
performed
6 : a group organized for ensemble speaking
citatā (2)
tiksli vieno teksto ištrauka kitame tekste
Main Entry: quo·ta·tion
Pronunciation: \kwō-ˈtā-shən also kō-\
Function: noun
Date: 1607
1 : something that is quoted; especially : a passage referred to, repeated, or adduced
2 a : the act or process of quoting b (1) : the naming or publishing of current bids and offers or prices of
securities or commodities (2) : the bids, offers, or prices so named or published; especially : the highest bid and
lowest offer for a particular security in a given market at a given time
citrin|ā (2)
bot. rūtinių šeimos šiltųjų kraštų vaismedis, vedantis sultingus, rūgščius vaisius (Citrus limon); jo vaisius:
Geriame arbatą su ~ā
Main Entry: lem·on
Pronunciation: \ˈle-mən\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English lymon, from Middle French limon, from Medieval Latin limon-, limo, from Arabic
laymūn, līmūn, from Persian līmū, līmun
Date: 15th century
1 a : an acid fruit that is botanically a many-seeded pale yellow oblong berry produced by a small thorny citrus
tree (Citrus limon) and that has a rind from which an aromatic oil is extracted b : a tree that bears lemons
2 : one (as an automobile) that is unsatisfactory or defective
[LEMON ILLUSTRATION]
cukr|us (2)
vandenyje tirpstanti saldi medžiaga, gaminama ppr. iš runkelių, nendrių: Smulkusis, gabalinis c. Arbata su ~umi
Main Entry: sug·ar
79
Pronunciation: \ˈshu̇-gər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English sugre, sucre, from Anglo-French sucre, from Medieval Latin zuccarum, from Old
Italian zucchero, from Arabic sukkar, from Persian shakar, ultimately from Sanskrit śarkarā; akin to Sanskrit
śarkara pebble — more at CROCODILE
Date: 14th century
1 a : a sweet crystallizable material that consists wholly or essentially of sucrose, is colorless or white when pure
tending to brown when less refined, is obtained commercially from sugarcane or sugar beet and less extensively
from sorghum, maples, and palms, and is important as a source of dietary carbohydrate and as a sweetener and
preservative of other foods b : any of various water-soluble compounds that vary widely in sweetness, include
the monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, and typically are optically active
2 : a unit (as a spoonful, cube, or lump) of sugar
3 : a sugar bowl
— sug·ar·less \-ləs\ adjective
dain|ā (4) nedidelis žodinis muzikos kūrinys: Liaudies (choro, solo) d. Lyrinė, smagi, liūdna d. D. be žodžių.
Skamba da¤nos. ~‹ šventė. Užtraukė da¤ną. Kokiu vežimu važiuoji, tokią da¤ną dainuoji (flk.). Iš ~õs žodžio
neišmesi (flk.). … D. be galo (vis tas pats). ~ģlė sudainuota (baigta, pralaimėta). Sena d. (seniai žinomas
dalykas)
Main Entry: song
Pronunciation: \ˈsȯŋ\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English sang; akin to Old English singan to sing
Date: before 12th century
1 : the act or art of singing
2 : poetical composition
3 a : a short musical composition of words and music b : a collection of such compositions
4 : a distinctive or characteristic sound or series of sounds (as of a bird, insect, or whale)
5 a : a melody for a lyric poem or ballad b : a poem easily set to music
6 a : a habitual or characteristic manner b : a violent, abusive, or noisy reaction <put up quite a song>
7 : a small amount <sold for a song>
— song·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
dalg|is (2)
įrankis javams ar žolei pjauti: ~į pustyti, plakti. Plieno ~ģlis. Pučiasi kaip varlė prieš ~į (flk.). Koks valgis, toks
ir d. (flk.). Su ~ił giedros nelauk (flk.)
Main Entry: scythe
Pronunciation: \ˈsīth, ˈsī\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English sithe, from Old English sīthe; akin to Old English sagu saw — more at SAW
Date: before 12th century
: an implement used for mowing (as grass) and composed of a long curving blade fastened at an angle to a long
handle
[SCYTHE ILLUSTRATION]
dal|is, ~iģs m. (4) 1. tam tikras visumos kiekis, sudedamasis elementas: Šimtoji skaičiaus d. Mašinos dålys. Trijų
~i‹ romanas. Jau didesnė lauko d. suarta. Sutrūko puodas į daug ~i‹. Kalbos d. (gram. žodžių klasė:
daiktavardis, būdvardis, įvardis ir kt.). Vardinė tarinio d. (gram.) 2. atsiskiriantiems šeimos nariams duodamas
arba po mirties skiriamas turto kiekis: Mirdamas tėvas visiems ~ķs paskyrė. Karvę gavo į dålį. 3. žr. dalia. 4. kar.
savarankiškas kariuomenės vienetas, susidedantis iš dalinių
Main Entry: part
Pronunciation: \ˈpärt\
Function: noun
80
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French & Old English, both from Latin part-, pars; perhaps akin to
Latin parare to prepare — more at PARE
Date: before 12th century
1 a (1) : one of the often indefinite or unequal subdivisions into which something is or is regarded as divided and
which together constitute the whole (2) : an essential portion or integral element b : one of several or many equal
units of which something is composed or into which it is divisible : an amount equal to another amount <mix
one part of the powder with three parts of water> c (1) : an exact divisor of a quantity : ALIQUOT (2) : PARTIAL
FRACTION d : one of the constituent elements of a plant or animal body: as (1) : ORGAN, MEMBER (2) plural :
PRIVATE PARTS e : a division of a literary work f (1) : a vocal or instrumental line or melody in concerted music
or in harmony (2) : a particular voice or instrument in concerted music; also : the score for it g : a constituent
member of a machine or other apparatus; also : a spare part
2 : something falling to one in a division or apportionment : SHARE <wanted no part of the proposal>
3 : one's share or allotted task (as in an action) : DUTY <one must do one's part>
4 : one of the opposing sides in a conflict or dispute
5 : a general area of indefinite boundaries —usually used in plural <you're not from around these parts> <took
unknown>
off
for
parts
6 : a function or course of action performed
7 a : an actor's lines in a play b : the role of a character in a play
8 : a constituent of character or capacity : TALENT <a man of many parts>
9 : the line where the hair is parted
— for one's part : as far as one's share or interest is concerned <for my part, I do not see that the difference is
important — Mary McCarthy>
— for the most part : in general : on the whole <for the most part the crowd was orderly>
— in part : in some degree : PARTIALLY
— on one's part or on the part of one : with regard to the one specified
synonyms PART, PORTION, PIECE, MEMBER, DIVISION, SECTION, SEGMENT, FRAGMENT mean something less
than the whole. PART is a general term appropriate when indefiniteness is required <they ran only part of the
way>. PORTION implies an assigned or allotted part <cut the pie into six portions>. PIECE applies to a separate
or detached part of a whole <a puzzle with 500 pieces>. MEMBER suggests one of the functional units composing
a body <a structural member>. DIVISION applies to a large or diversified part <the manufacturing division of the
company>. SECTION applies to a relatively small or uniform part <the entertainment section of the newspaper>.
SEGMENT applies to a part separated or marked out by or as if by natural lines of cleavage <the retired segment
of the population>. FRAGMENT applies to a part produced by or as if by breaking off <only a fragment of the
play still exists>.
damā (2)
1. istor. moteris iš pasiturinčių ar inteligentų miestiečių sluoksnių; ištekėjusi moteris.
2. poroje su vyru šokanti moteris.
3. trijų akių korta su moters atvaizdu: Pikų d.
4. šaškė, pasiekusi paskutinę eilę
Main Entry: la·dy
Pronunciation: \ˈlā-dē\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural ladies
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hlæfdige, from hlāf bread + -dige (akin to dæge kneader of
bread) — more at LOAF, DAIRY
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a woman having proprietary rights or authority especially as a feudal superior b : a woman receiving the
homage or devotion of a knight or lover
2 capitalized : VIRGIN MARY —usually used with Our
3 a : a woman of superior social position b : a woman of refinement and gentle manners c : WOMAN, FEMALE
—often used in a courteous reference <show the lady to a seat> or usually in the plural in address <ladies and
gentlemen>
4 a : WIFE b : GIRLFRIEND, MISTRESS
81
5 a : any of various titled women in Great Britain —used as the customary title of (1) a marchioness, countess,
viscountess, or baroness or (2) the wife of a knight, baronet, member of the peerage, or one having the courtesy
title of lord and used as a courtesy title for the daughter of a duke, marquess, or earl b : a woman who is a
member of an order of knighthood — compare DAME
dant|is, ~ies v. (4) 1. kaulinis organas maistui kramtyti: Viršutiniai, apatiniai, krūminiai, priekiniai, iltiniai,
pieniniai da¹tys. Blaškosi kaip da¹tį geliamas. ~imķs kalenti (nuo šalčio). Ištraukti, išmušti da¹tį. ~ķs rakinėti. 2.
įnagio, įrankio, detalės (grėblio, šakių, pjūklo, rato, žeberklo, šukų ir pan.) smaili dalis. … Ant ~‹ imti (apkalbėti;
rieti). Ant ~‹ nešioti (išjuokti). Ant ~iģs užpilti (kiek išgerti). Da¹tį atkąsti (nieko nepešti; prarasti įkarštį). Da¹tį
galąsti (ant ko) (pykti). Da¹tį griežti (pykti, kerštauti). ~ķs išbarstyti (primušti). ~imķs iškalenti (kurį laiką
drebėti bijant). ~ķs kabinti į sieną (neturėti ko valgyti). ~ķs kaišioti (juoktis). ~ķs laidyti (plūsti). ~ų neišdegti
(nieko negauti). D. nesiekia ~iģs (labai dreba). ~ķs padėti (padžiauti) ant lentynos (badauti). ~ķs prikąsti (nutilti,
tylėti). ~ķs rodyti (šaipytis, juoktis). ~ķs sukandus (kantriai, įtemptai). ~ķs užrišti (nutildyti). Iki ~‹ (smarkiai)
apsiginklavęs. Išvirkščiais ~mķs (nenoromis) valgo. Per ~ķs traukti (traukyti, patraukti) (pajuokti, pašiepti). Pro
~ķs sunkti (piktai tarti). Sausais ~imķs (nevalgęs). Už ~‹ kliūti (apkalbėti). Už ~‹ laikyti liežuvį (paslapties
nepasakoti)
Main Entry: tooth
Pronunciation: \tüth\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural teeth \tēth\
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English tōth; akin to Old High German zand tooth, Latin dent-, dens,
Greek odont-, odous
Date: before 12th century
1 a : one of the hard bony appendages that are borne on the jaws or in many of the lower vertebrates on other
bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx and serve especially for the prehension and mastication of food and
as weapons of offense and defense b : any of various usually hard and sharp processes especially about the
mouth of an invertebrate
2 : TASTE, LIKING
3 : a projection resembling or suggesting the tooth of an animal in shape, arrangement, or action <a saw tooth>:
as a : any of the regular projections on the circumference or sometimes the face of a wheel that engage with
corresponding projections on another wheel especially to transmit force : COG b : a small sharp-pointed
marginal
lobe
or
process
on
a
plant
4 a : something that injures, tortures, devours, or destroys <jealousy with rankling tooth — Thomas Gray> b
plural : effective means of enforcement <drug laws with teeth>
5 : a roughness of surface produced by mechanical or artificial means
— tooth·like \tüth-līk\ adjective
— in the teeth of 1 : in or into direct contact or collision with <sailing in the teeth of a hurricane — Current
Biography>
2 : in direct opposition to <rule had…been imposed by conquest in the teeth of obstinate resistance — A. J.
Toynbee>
— to the teeth : FULLY, COMPLETELY <armed to the teeth>
[TOOTH ILLUSTRATION]
dang|us (4) 1. virš žemės matoma skliauto pavidalo erdvė: Giedras, apsiniaukęs d. Žvaigždės spindi ~ujź. Tiesiai
į
da¹gų
kyla
dūmai.
2. bažn. antgamtinių būtybių buveinė, dausos. 3. tarm. krosnies vidaus viršus. ™ ~a÷s ašarėlės (neužmirštuolė).
~a÷s
juosta
(vaivorykštė).
… ~umķ dengtas (be stogo). Da¹gų remia (labai aukštas). ~ų su žeme sumaišyti (pakilti didelei audrai, pūgai).
Kaip devintame (septintame) ~ujź (labai gerai). Po atviru (pliku, plynu) ~umķ (lauke; be pastogės)
Main Entry: sky
Pronunciation: \ˈskī\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural skies
Etymology: Middle English, cloud, sky, from Old Norse skȳ cloud; akin to Old English scēo cloud
82
Date: 13th century
1 : the upper atmosphere or expanse of space that constitutes an apparent great vault or arch over the earth
2 : HEAVEN 2
3 a : weather in the upper atmosphere b : CLIMATE <temperate English skies — G. G. Coulton>
datā (2)
tikslus kalendorinis laikas (metai, mėnuo ir diena)
Main Entry: 2date
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Late Latin data, from data (as in data Romae given at
Rome), feminine of Latin datus, past participle of dare to give; akin to Latin dos gift, dowry, Greek didonai to
give
Date: 14th century
1 a : the time at which an event occurs <the date of his birth> b : a statement of the time of execution or making
<the
date
on
the
letter>
2 : DURATION
3 : the period of time to which something belongs
4 a : an appointment to meet at a specified time; especially : a social engagement between two persons that often
has a romantic character b : a person with whom one has a usually romantic date
5 : an engagement for a professional performance (as of a dance band)
— to date : up to the present moment
debes|is, ~ies, ~‹ v. (3b)
1. susitelkę vandens garai danguje: Kyla juodas d. Plunksniniai, kamuoliniai dģbesys. Iš didelio ~iģs mažas
lietus (flk.). Vaikščioja apsiniaukusi kaip d. (pikta).
2. prk. didelė daugybė (ppr. ore, danguje): Dulkių, dūmų d. Musių d. Varnos visu dģbesiu pakilo
Main Entry: cloud
Pronunciation: \ˈklau̇d\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, rock, cloud, from Old English clūd; perhaps akin to Greek gloutos buttock
Date: 14th century
1 : a visible mass of particles of condensed vapor (as water or ice) suspended in the atmosphere of a planet (as
the
earth)
or
moon
2 : something resembling or suggesting a cloud: as a : a light filmy, puffy, or billowy mass seeming to float in
the air <a cloud of blond hair> <a ship under a cloud of sail> b (1) : a usually visible mass of minute particles
suspended in the air or a gas (2) : an aggregation of usually obscuring matter especially in interstellar space (3) :
an aggregate of charged particles (as electrons) c : a great crowd or multitude : SWARM <clouds of mosquitoes>
3 : something that has a dark, lowering, or threatening aspect <clouds of war> <a cloud of suspicion>
4 : something that obscures or blemishes <a cloud of ambiguity>
5 : a dark or opaque vein or spot (as in marble or a precious stone)
[CLOUD ILLUSTRATION]
degtin|ė (2)
stiprus svaigusis gėrimas iš spirito ir vandens: ~ės puslitris. Kas ~ę laka, tą ir vargas plaka (flk.)
Main Entry: vod·ka
Pronunciation: \ˈväd-kə\
Function: noun
Etymology: Russian, from voda water; akin to Old English wæter water
Date: circa 1803
83
: a colorless liquor of neutral spirits distilled from a mash (as of rye or wheat)
deguõn|is, ~ies v. (2), deguon|is, ~iģs v. (3b) chem. elementas – oro sudėtyje esančios dujos, palaikančios
kvėpavimą, degimą, puvimą, vartojamos pramonėje, technikoje ir kt. (O): Oras sudarytas iš ~ies, azoto ir
angliarūgštės. ~ies pagalvė (med.). Suskystintas d. (tech.)
Main Entry: ox·y·gen
Pronunciation: \ˈäk-si-jən\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: French oxygène, from Greek oxys, adjective, acidic, literally, sharp + French -gène -gen; akin to
Latin acer sharp — more at EDGE
Date: 1788
1 : a reactive element that is found in water, in most rocks and minerals, in numerous organic compounds, and as
a colorless tasteless odorless diatomic gas constituting 21 percent of the atmosphere, that is capable of
combining with all elements except the inert gases, that is active in physiological processes, and that is involved
especially
in
combustion
—
see
ELEMENT
TABLE
2 : something that sustains or fuels <disagreement is the true oxygen of these magazines — Joseph Epstein>
— ox·y·gen·less \ˈäk-si-jən-ləs\ adjective
déln|as (3) vidinė plaštakos dalis: ~ą pūslių pritrynė. Ploja ~a¤s. ~ź rakštis. … ~a¤ niežti (rūpi, knieti kam
suduoti). ~a¤ panižo (parūpo ką daryti). ~us pustyti (ruoštis ką daryti). ~a¤s sumušti (susiderėti). Kaip ant ~o
(visai aiškiai)
Main Entry: palm
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English paume, palme, from Anglo-French, from Latin palma
Date: 14th century
1 : the somewhat concave part of the human hand between the bases of the fingers and the wrist or the
corresponding part of the forefoot of a lower mammal
2 : a flat expanded part especially at the end of a base or stalk (as of an anchor)
3 [Latin palmus, from palma] : a unit of length based on the breadth or length of the hand
4 : something (as a part of a glove) that covers the palm of the hand
5 : an act of palming (as of cards)
dešr|ā (4)
1. maisto produktas – į žarną prikimšta mėsa: Rūkyta, šviežia d. Užsidėk ~õs ant duonos.
2. prk. kirčio žymė, rumbė: Kad rėžė arkliui botagu, net d. iššoko ant nugaros
Main Entry: sau·sage
Pronunciation: \ˈsȯ-sij\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English sausige, from Anglo-French sauseche, saucis, from Late Latin salsicia, from Latin
salsus salted — more at SAUCE
Date: 15th century
: a highly seasoned minced meat (as pork) usually stuffed in casings of prepared animal intestine; also : a link or
patty of sausage
didvyr|is, ~ė dkt. (1)
žmogus, pasižymėjęs savo darbais, žygiais, šaunumu, herojus: Senovės Lietuvos ~iai. Karo d.
84
Main Entry: he·ro
Pronunciation: \ˈhir-(ˌ)ō\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural heroes
Etymology: Latin heros, from Greek hērōs
Date: 14th century
1 a : a mythological or legendary figure often of divine descent endowed with great strength or ability b : an
illustrious warrior c : a man admired for his achievements and noble qualities d : one that shows great courage
2 a : the principal male character in a literary or dramatic work b : the central figure in an event, period, or
movement
3 plural usually heros : SUBMARINE 2
4 : an object of extreme admiration and devotion : IDOL
dietā, dietos (2) maitinimosi režimas: Nu(si)statyti diźtą. Laikytis diźtos. Gydomoji d.
Main Entry: di·et
Pronunciation: \ˈdī-ət\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English diete, from Anglo-French, from Latin diaeta, from Greek diaita, literally, manner of
living, from diaitasthai to lead one's life
Date: 13th century
1 a : food and drink regularly provided or consumed b : habitual nourishment c : the kind and amount of food
prescribed for a person or animal for a special reason d : a regimen of eating and drinking sparingly so as to
reduce
one's
weight
<going
on
a
diet>
2 : something provided or experienced repeatedly <a diet of Broadway shows and nightclubs — Frederick
Wyatt>
dirž|as (4) 1. sagtimi susegama juosta: Milinę susijuosė ~ł. Vaikai ~o prašosi (išdykauja, verti lupti). 2. juosta
kam pritvirtinti: Balno d. Laikrodžio ~elis 3. juosta mašinai varyti: D. nuo smagračio nukrito. Šikšninis, austinis
d.
Main Entry: belt
Pronunciation: \ˈbelt\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English; akin to Old High German balz belt; both from Latin balteus belt
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a strip of flexible material worn especially around the waist as an item of clothing or a means of carrying
something (as tools) b : a similar article worn as a corset or for protection or safety or as a symbol of distinction
2 : a continuous band of tough flexible material for transmitting motion and power or conveying materials
3 a : an area characterized by some distinctive feature (as of culture, habitation, geology, or life forms);
especially : one suited to a
particular crop <the corn belt> b : ASTEROID BELT
4 : BELTWAY 1
— belt·ed \ˈbel-təd\ adjective
— belt·less \ˈbelt-ləs\ adjective
— below the belt : UNFAIR, UNFAIRLY
— under one's belt : in one's possession : as part of one's experience
dovan|ā (3a) 1. dovanotas daiktas: Vertinga, graži, didelė d. Vestuvinė d. Dóvaną duoti. Paveikslą gauti ~‹ (kaip
dovaną). Maža ~›lė vaikams. | prk.: Gamtos dóvanos. 2. įgimtas gabumas, talentas: Turėti iškalbos dóvaną
Main Entry: gift
Pronunciation: \ˈgift\
85
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old Norse, something given, talent; akin to Old English giefan to give
Date: 12th century
1 : a notable capacity, talent, or endowment
2 : something voluntarily transferred by one person to another without compensation
3 : the act, right, or power of giving
synonyms GIFT, FACULTY, APTITUDE, BENT, TALENT, GENIUS, KNACK mean a special ability for doing
something. GIFT often implies special favor by God or nature <the gift of singing beautifully>. FACULTY applies
to an innate or less often acquired ability for a particular accomplishment or function <a faculty for remembering
names>. APTITUDE implies a natural liking for some activity and the likelihood of success in it <a mechanical
aptitude>. BENT is nearly equal to APTITUDE but it stresses inclination perhaps more than specific ability <a
family with an artistic bent>. TALENT suggests a marked natural ability that needs to be developed <has enough
talent to succeed>. GENIUS suggests impressive inborn creative ability <has no great genius for poetry>. KNACK
implies a comparatively minor but special ability making for ease and dexterity in performance <the knack of
getting along>.
dramā (2) 1. lit. kūrinys, parašytas dialogo ir monologų forma ppr. vaidinti scenoje; tokia literatūros rūšis:
Dråmos veikalas. Dråmos teatras. 2. lit. rimto turinio vaidinamasis kūrinys, pjesė. 3. prk. didelė, moralines
kančias kelianti nelaimė: Šeimos d.
Main Entry: dra·ma
Pronunciation: \ˈdrä-mə, ˈdra-\
Function: noun
Etymology: Late Latin dramat-, drama, from Greek, deed, drama, from dran to do, act
Date: 1515
1 a : a composition in verse or prose intended to portray life or character or to tell a story usually involving
conflicts and emotions through action and dialogue and typically designed for theatrical performance : PLAY —
compare CLOSET DRAMA b : a movie or television production with characteristics (as conflict) of a serious play;
broadly : a play, movie, or television production with a serious tone or subject <a police drama>
2 : dramatic art, literature, or affairs
3 a : a state, situation, or series of events involving interesting or intense conflict of forces b : dramatic state,
effect, or quality <the drama of the courtroom proceedings>
drambl|ys (4)
zool. didelis šiltųjų kraštų straublinis žinduolis (Elephas ir Loxodonta): Iš musės dra§blį padaro (flk. perdeda).
™ Dra§blio kaulas (dramblio iltis). Jūrų d. (zool. didžiulis ruonis su pailgėjančiu snukiu, Mirounga).
~ys, ~› dkt. (4) menk. sunkus, nepaslankus, nerangus žmogus ar gyvulys
Main Entry: el·e·phant
Pronunciation: \ˈe-lə-fənt\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural elephants also elephant
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French & Latin; Anglo-French olifant, elefant, from L. elephantus,
from Greek elephant-, elephas
Date: 14th century
1 : any of a family (Elephantidae, the elephant family) of thickset usually extremely large nearly hairless
herbivorous mammals that have a snout elongated into a muscular trunk and two incisors in the upper jaw
developed especially in the male into large ivory tusks and that include two living forms and various extinct
relatives: as a : a tall large-eared mammal (Loxodonta africana) of tropical Africa —called also African elephant
b : a relatively small-eared mammal (Elephas maximus) of forests of southeastern Asia —called also Asian
elephant, Indian elephant
2 : an animal or fossil related to the elephants
3 : one that is uncommonly large or hard to manage
[ELEPHANT ILLUSTRATION]
86
drīež|as (3)
zool. roplys su kojomis, ilga, lengvai lūžtančia uodega (Lacerta): D. įlindo į kelmą. Žiūri kaip d. į gegužę (flk.).
~a¤ dgs. (3) zool. panašių roplių būrys (Sauria)
Main Entry: liz·ard
Pronunciation: \ˈli-zərd\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English liserd, from Anglo-French lesarde, from Latin lacerta
Date: 14th century
1 : any of a suborder (Lacertilia) of reptiles distinguished from the snakes by a fused inseparable lower jaw, a
single temporal opening, two pairs of well differentiated functional limbs which may be lacking in burrowing
forms, external ears, and eyes with movable lids; broadly : any relatively long-bodied reptile (as a crocodile or
dinosaur) with legs and tapering tail
2 : leather made from lizard skin
drug|ys (4)
1. zool. vabzdys su dviem porom sparnų, ppr. apaugusių spalvotais žvyneliais, peteliškė, plaštakė: Dieninis d.
Naktinis
d.
2. liga, pasireiškianti karščiu ir šalčio krėtimu, maliarija: ~ił sirgti.
3. drebulys: D. iš baimės krečia. Nupurtė d.
~iai dgs. (4) zool. vabzdžių būrys (Lepidoptera)
Main Entry: but·ter·fly
Pronunciation: \-ˌflī\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Date: before 12th century
1 : any of numerous slender-bodied diurnal lepidopteran insects including one superfamily (Papilionoidea) with
broad often brightly colored wings and usually another superfamily comprising the skippers
2 : something that resembles or suggests a butterfly; especially : a person chiefly occupied with the pursuit of
pleasure
3 : a swimming stroke executed in a prone position by moving both arms in a circular motion while kicking both
legs
up
and
down
4 plural : a feeling of hollowness or queasiness caused especially by emotional or nervous tension or anxious
anticipation
5 : a defensive move by a goalie in ice hockey executed by dropping to the knees while spreading the lower legs
outward
dukt|ė, ~ers m. (3b)
moteriškos lyties vaikas savo tėvams: Jis turėjo sūnų ir dłkterį. Ji mums kaip d. Gyvena prie ~e»s, su ~erimķ.
Dłkterį išleido už vyro. D. ištekėjo. Kame buvai, ~erćite? ~er›le, ~erōte mano!
Main Entry: daugh·ter
Pronunciation: \ˈdȯ-tər, ˈdä-\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, doughter, from Old English dohtor; akin to Old High German tohter daughter,
Greek thygatēr
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a female offspring especially of human parents b : a female adopted child c : a human female descendant
2 : something considered as a daughter <the United States is a daughter of Great Britain>
3 : an atomic species that is the product of the radioactive decay of a given element
— daugh·ter·less \-ləs\ adjective
dumbl|as (2)
nusėdusios drumzlės, purvas: Ežere daug ~o. Pieva ~ł apnešta (pavasarį).
… Su ~ais maišyti (sumaišyti) (apšmeižti, iškoneveikti)
Main Entry: ooze
87
Pronunciation: \ˈüz\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English wose, from Old English wāse mire; akin to Old Norse veisa stagnant water
Date: before 12th century
1 : a soft deposit (as of mud, slime, or shells) on the bottom of a body of water
2 : a piece of soft wet plastic ground
duon|a (1) . rupių miltų kepalais kepamas valgis: ~os riekė, abišalė, pluta, kriaukšlė. Juoda, balta, kvietinė,
ruginė d. ~ą maišyti, minkyti, kepti. ~ą jau įšovė į krosnį. Gardi ~ģlė, ~łtė. Ne viena ~a žmogus gyvas (flk.).
Verkia
d.
tinginio
valgoma
(flk.).
2. vieno duonos kepimo užmaišymas: Šio malimo trims ~oms užteks. 3. duoniniai javai: Šiemet ~os užaugo.
4. pramitimas, gyvenimas: Geras darbininkas visur ~ą turės. Paragavo mokytojo ~os. Duoti tėvams ~ą
(pragyvenimą).
™ Bičių d. (suneštos į korį žiedadulkės). Gegutės d. (raudonoji žiognagė). … Be ~os ir druskos suėstų (labai
nekenčia). D. ir druska (simbolinės svečių sutikimo vaišės). ~os kąsnis (pragyvenimas). Lengva d. (gyvenimas
be rūpesčių). ~ą valgyti (iš ko) (pragyvenimui užsidirbti)
Main Entry: bread
Pronunciation: \ˈbred\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English breed, from Old English brēad; akin to Old High German brōt bread, Old English
brēowan to brew
Date: before 12th century
1 : a usually baked and leavened food made of a mixture whose basic constituent is flour or meal
2 : FOOD, SUSTENANCE <our daily bread>
3 a : LIVELIHOOD <earns his bread as a laborer> b slang : MONEY
— bready \ˈbre-dē\ adjective
— bread upon the waters : resources risked or charitable deeds performed without expectation of return
1 dvķra|tis (1)
minamoji važiuoklė su dviem ratais: Moteriškas, vyriškas d. Turistinis d. ~čių sportas
Main Entry: bi·cy·cle
Pronunciation: \ˈbī-si-kəl, -ˌsi- also -ˌsī-\
Function: noun
Etymology: French, from bi- + -cycle (as in tricycle)
Date: 1863
: a vehicle with two wheels tandem, handlebars for steering, a saddle seat, and pedals by which it is propelled;
also : a stationary exercise machine that resembles such a vehicle
dvyn|ys, ~› dkt. (4) kas gimęs kartu su kitu: Viena ~› (~łkė) mirė. Tie vaikai ~ia¤. Jie ~łkai, jos ~łkės
Main Entry: 1twin
Pronunciation: \ˈtwin\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from twin twofold
Date: 14th century
1 a : either of two offspring produced at a birth b plural capitalized : GEMINI
2 : one of two persons or things closely related to or resembling each other
3 : a compound crystal composed of two adjoining crystals or parts of crystals of the same kind that share a
common plane of atoms
— twin·ship \-ˌship\ noun
88
dykumā (3b)
didelis plotas, kur (beveik) niekas neauga
Main Entry: des·ert
Pronunciation: \ˈde-zərt\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Late Latin desertum, from Latin, neuter of desertus, past
participle of deserere to desert, from de- + serere to join together — more at SERIES
Date: 13th century
1 a : arid land with usually sparse vegetation; especially : such land having a very warm climate and receiving
less than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of sporadic rainfall annually b : an area of water apparently devoid of life
2 archaic : a wild uninhabited and uncultivated tract
3 : a desolate or forbidding area <lost in a desert of doubt>
— de·ser·tic \de-ˈzər-tik\ adjective
— des·ert·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
dum|as (1) 1. ppr. dgs. degančio daikto kylančios dujos su ne visai sudegusiomis dalelėmis: Iš kamino rūksta
~ai. Juodas d. kyla į dangų. Kambarys pilnas ~ų. Geros akys ~ų nebijo (flk.). Tėvynės d. už svetimą ugnį
šviesesnis
(flk.).
2. rūkant vienas užsitraukimas: Duok ir man užsitraukti ~ą. 3. psn. kiemas, duba: Tėvai turėjo du ~us.
… ~us leisti į akis (meluoti). ~ais nueiti (sudegti). ~ais paleisti (sudeginti). Iš ~o (greitai; sykiu). Kaip per (pro)
~us (silpnai, sunkiai) matyti. Kaip d. (labai girtas). Nė ~o (visai nieko) neliko
Main Entry: 1smoke
Pronunciation: \ˈsmōk\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English smoca; akin to Old English smēocan to emit smoke, Middle High
German smouch smoke, and probably to Greek smychein to smolder
Date: before 12th century
1 a : the gaseous products of burning materials especially of organic origin made visible by the presence of small
particles of carbon b : a suspension of particles in a gas
2 a : a mass or column of smoke b : SMUDGE
3 : fume or vapor often resulting from the action of heat on moisture
4 : something of little substance, permanence, or value
5 : something that obscures
6 a (1) : something (as a cigarette) to smoke (2) : MARIJUANA 2 b : an act of smoking tobacco; especially : a
smoking
break
7 a : a pale blue b : any of the colors of smoke
8 : pitches that are fastballs <if a guy's going to hit you…he certainly isn't going to throw a spitter—he gives you
smoke — Tony Conigliaro>
— smoke·less \ˈsmō-kləs\ adjective
— smoke·like \ˈsmōk-ˌlīk\ adjective
džiunglės dgs. (1)
sunkiai įeinami drėgni atogrąžų miškai
Main Entry: jun·gle
Pronunciation: \ˈjəŋ-gəl\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Hindi jaṅgal & Urdu jangal forest, from Sanskrit jaṅgala desert region
Date: 1776
89
1 a : an impenetrable thicket or tangled mass of tropical vegetation b : a tract overgrown with thickets or masses
of
vegetation
2 : a hobo camp
3 a (1) : a confused or disordered mass of objects : JUMBLE (2) : something that baffles or frustrates by its
tangled or complex character : MAZE <the jungle of housing laws — Bernard Taper> b : a place of ruthless
struggle for survival <the city is a jungle where no one is safe after dark — Stuart Chase>
4 : electronic dance music that combines elements of techno, reggae, and hip-hop and is marked especially by an
extremely fast beat
— jun·gle·like \-gə(l)-ˌlīk\ adjective
— jun·gly \-g(ə-)lē\ adjective
džiaugsm|as (4)
pasitenkinimo jausmas, linksmybė, smagumas, malonumas: Sveiki vaikai –tėvams dž. ~ł nesitverti. Akys ~ł
nušvito. Iš ~o pašoko
Main Entry: 1joy
Pronunciation: \ˈjȯi\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French joie, from Latin gaudia, plural of gaudium, from gaudēre to
rejoice; probably akin to Greek gēthein to rejoice
Date: 13th century
1 a : the emotion evoked by well-being, success, or good fortune or by the prospect of possessing what one
desires : DELIGHT b : the expression or exhibition of such emotion : GAIETY
2 : a state of happiness or felicity : BLISS
3 : a source or cause of delight
— joy·less \-ləs\ adjective
— joy·less·ly adverb
— joy·less·ness noun
eksport|as (1) prekių ar kapitalo išvežimas į užsienį; to, kas išvežta, vertė: Didinti ~ą. E. viršija importą
Main Entry: 2ex·port
Pronunciation: \ˈek-ˌspȯrt\
Function: noun
Date: 1671
1 : something exported; specifically : a commodity conveyed from one country or region to another for purposes
of
trade
2 : the act of exporting : EXPORTATION <the export of wheat
epidźmija (1)
med. didelis užkrečiamosios ligos išplitimas: Gripo e.
Main Entry: 2epidemic
Function: noun
Date: 1757
1 : an outbreak of epidemic disease
2 : an outbreak or product of sudden rapid spread, growth, or development <an epidemic of bankruptcies>
energij|a (1)
1. fiz. viena iš pagrindinių medžiagos savybių – jos judėjimo matas, gebėjimas atlikti darbą: Mechaninė e.
Šiluminė
e.
Elektros
e.
2. galėjimas dirbti, veiklumas, darbingumas: ~ą eikvoti. Imtis darbo su visa ~a
Main Entry: en·er·gy
Pronunciation: \ˈe-nər-jē\
Function: noun
90
Inflected Form(s): plural en·er·gies
Etymology: Late Latin energia, from Greek energeia activity, from energos active, from en in + ergon work —
more at WORK
Date: 1599
1 a : dynamic quality <narrative energy> b : the capacity of acting or being active <intellectual energy> c : a
usually positive spiritual force <the energy flowing through all people>
2 : vigorous exertion of power : EFFORT <investing time and energy>
3 : a fundamental entity of nature that is transferred between parts of a system in the production of physical
change within the system and usually regarded as the capacity for doing work
4 : usable power (as heat or electricity); also : the resources for producing such power
synonyms see POWER
enciklopedija (1)
mokslinis informacinis leidinys, kuriame žinių santrauka išdėstyta abėcėlės ar temų tvarka
Main Entry: en·cy·clo·pe·dia
Pronunciation: \in-ˌsī-klə-ˈpē-dē-ə\
Function: noun
Etymology: Medieval Latin encyclopaedia course of general education, from Greek enkyklios + paideia
education, child rearing, from paid-, pais child — more at FEW
Date: 1644
: a work that contains information on all branches of knowledge or treats comprehensively a particular branch of
knowledge usually in articles arranged alphabetically often by subject
etimologija (1)
1. lingv. žodžių kilmės mokslas.
2. lingv. pati kurio žodžio kilmė
Main Entry: et·y·mol·o·gy
Pronunciation: \-jē\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural et·y·mol·o·gies
Etymology: Middle English ethimologie, from Anglo-French, from Latin etymologia, from Greek, from etymon
+ -logia -logy
Date: 14th century
1 : the history of a linguistic form (as a word) shown by tracing its development since its earliest recorded
occurrence in the language where it is found, by tracing its transmission from one language to another, by
analyzing it into its component parts, by identifying its cognates in other languages, or by tracing it and its
cognates to a common ancestral form in an ancestral language
2 : a branch of linguistics concerned with etymologies
— et·y·mo·log·i·cal \-mə-ˈlä-ji-kəl\ adjective
— et·y·mo·log·i·cal·ly \-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
ežer|as (3b)
1. vandens plotas natūralioje lomoje: Jie gyvena prie ~o. Turistai plaukia ~a¤s. Nuleisti ~ą. Gražus ~›lis, ~iłkas.
2. ppr. dgs. prk. daug kokio skysčio: Prilijo vandens ~us
Main Entry: 1lake
Pronunciation: \ˈlāk\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English, Anglo-French, & Latin; Old English lacu stream, pool, from
Latin lacus lake, pool, pit & Anglo-French lac pit, from Latin lacus; akin to Old English lagu sea, Greek lakkos
pond
Date: 12th century
: a considerable inland body of standing water; also : a pool of other liquid (as lava, oil, or pitch)
91
— lake·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
egl|ė (2)
bot. miškų ir parkų spygliuotis plona žieve, tankia kūgiška laja (Picea): Baltoji ģ. (P. canadensis). Čia po ~ėm
šeimynom sudygę ruduokės. Žalioji ~ģlė. Pakelėje ~ćičių prisodinta
Main Entry: fir
Pronunciation: \ˈfər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English fyrh; akin to Old High German forha fir, Latin quercus oak
Date: before 12th century
1 : any of a genus (Abies) of north temperate evergreen trees of the pine family that have flattish leaves, circular
leaf scars, and erect female cones and are valued for their wood; also : any of various conifers (as the Douglas
fir)
of
other
genera
2 : the wood of a fir
egzamin|as (1, 3b)
1. kurio nors dalyko mokėjimo tikrinimas, baigiant klasę, kursą, mokyklą ar stojant į ją: Fizikos e. Rašomieji,
atsakomieji ~ai. Keliamieji, baigiamieji, valstybiniai ~ai. ~us laikyti.
2. prk. patikrinimas, išbandymas
Main Entry: ex·am
Pronunciation: \ig-ˈzam\
Function: noun
Date: 1872
: EXAMINATION
ežys (4)
1. zool. nedidelis spygliais apaugęs gyvūnas (Erinaceus): Pasišiaušęs, susirietęs kaip e.
2. prk. pikčiurna: Kas gali sugyventi su tokiu ežił!
3. žr. ežiukas 3. ™ Jūrų e. (zool. rutuliškas šarvuotas dygiaodis bestuburis; Valgomasis jūrų e. Echinus
esculentus).
… Ežį pastatyti (užsispirti, užsiožiuoti). Ģžį pasiuntė mielių parnešti (apie ilgai negrįžtantį)
Main Entry: hedge·hog
Pronunciation: \ˈhej-ˌhȯg, -ˌhäg\
Function: noun
Date: 15th century
1 a : any of a subfamily (Erinaceinae) of Eurasian and African nocturnal insectivores that have both hair and
spines which they present outwardly by rolling themselves up when threatened b : any of several spiny mammals
(as
a
porcupine)
2 a : a military defensive obstacle (as of barbed wire) b : a well-fortified military stronghold
[HEDGEHOG ILLUSTRATION]
fakt|as (2) tikras, nepramanytas įvykis, reiškinys, dalykas: Istorinis f. Patikrinti, ištirti ~łs. Paisyti ~ų
Main Entry: fact
Pronunciation: \ˈfakt\
Function: noun
Etymology: Latin factum, from neuter of factus, past participle of facere
Date: 15th century
1 : a thing done: as a obsolete : FEAT b : CRIME <accessory after the fact> c archaic : ACTION
2 archaic : PERFORMANCE, DOING
92
3 : the quality of being actual : ACTUALITY <a question of fact hinges on evidence>
4 a : something that has actual existence <space exploration is now a fact> b : an actual occurrence <prove the
fact
of
damage>
5 : a piece of information presented as having objective reality
— in fact : in truth
fåzė (2)
1. ko nors raidos, keitimosi stadija, tarpsnis: Visuomenės raidos f. Gamybos f. Augimo f.
2. kūno, medžiagos ir kt. formos arba būvio kitimo tarpas, momentas: Mėnulio f. Garų f
3. tech. viena iš kelių skirtingų generatoriaus apvijų grupių ar jos laidas
Main Entry: 1phase
Pronunciation: \ˈfāz\
Function: noun
Etymology: New Latin phasis, from Greek, appearance of a star, phase of the moon, from phainein to show
(middle voice, to appear) — more at FANCY
Date: circa 1750
1 : a particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes <phases of the moon>
2 a : a distinguishable part in a course, development, or cycle <the early phases of her career> b : an aspect or
part (as of a problem) under consideration
3 : the point or stage in a period of uniform circular motion, harmonic motion, or the periodic changes of any
magnitude varying according to a simple harmonic law to which the rotation, oscillation, or variation has
advanced from its standard position or assumed instant of starting
4 : a homogeneous, physically distinct, and mechanically separable portion of matter present in a
nonhomogeneous hysicochemical system
5 : an individual or subgroup distinguishably different in appearance or behavior from the norm of the group to
which it belongs; also : the distinguishing peculiarity
— pha·sic \ˈfā-zik\ adjective
— in phase : in a synchronized or correlated manner
— out of phase : in an unsynchronized manner : not in correlation
finans|ai dgs. (1)
pinigai, lėšos: Valstybės f. ~ų ministerija
Main Entry: 1fi·nance
Pronunciation: \fə-ˈnan(t)s, ˈfī-ˌ, fī-ˈ\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, ending, payment, from Anglo-French, from finer to end, pay, from fin end — more
at FINE
Date: 1739
1 plural : money or other liquid resources of a government, business, group, or individual
2 : the system that includes the circulation of money, the granting of credit, the making of investments, and the
provision of banking facilities
3 : the science or study of the management of funds
4 : the obtaining of funds or capital : FINANCING
fėja (1)
mit. keltų ir romanų tautų antgamtinė moteriška būtybė, galinti žmogui padėti ar pakenkti
Main Entry: fairy
Pronunciation: \ˈfer-ē\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural fair·ies
Etymology: Middle English fairie fairyland, enchantment, from Anglo-French faerie, from fee fairy, from Latin
Fata, goddess of fate, from fatum fate
Date: 14th century
93
1 : a mythical being of folklore and romance usually having diminutive human form and magic powers
2 usually disparaging : a male homosexual
— fairy adjective
— fairy·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
filtras (1)
1. prietaisas skysčiams ar dujoms valyti, koštuvas: Oro, dūmų, dulkių f. Popierinis f.
2. spec. prietaisas neleisti kai kuriems spinduliams, garsams ir kt. kur eiti: Šviesos, spalvų f. Akustinis f.
Main Entry: 1fil·ter
Pronunciation: \ˈfil-tər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English filtre, from Medieval Latin filtrum piece of felt used as a filter, of Germanic origin;
akin to Old High German filz felt — more at FELT
Date: 1563
1 a : a porous article or mass (as of paper or sand) through which a gas or liquid is passed to separate out matter
in suspension b : an apparatus containing a filter medium
2 a : a device or material for suppressing or minimizing waves or oscillations of certain frequencies (as of
electricity, light, or sound) b : a transparent material (as colored glass) that absorbs light of certain wavelengths
or colors selectively and is used for modifying light that reaches a sensitized photographic material —called also
color filter
3 : something that has the effect of a filter (as by holding back elements or modifying the appearance of
something) <his work is too often viewed through the filter of race — Brent Staples>
4 : software for sorting or blocking access to certain online material
faraņn|as, ~ė dkt. (2)
istor. senovės Egipto valdovas
Main Entry: pha·raoh
Pronunciation: \ˈfer-(ˌ)ō, ˈfā-(ˌ)rō\
Function: noun
Usage: often capitalized
Etymology: Middle English pharao, from Old English, from Late Latin pharaon-, pharao, from Greek pharaō,
from Hebrew parʽōh, from Egyptian pr-ʽ˒ʾ
Date: before 12th century
1 : a ruler of ancient Egypt
2 : TYRANT
fłtbolas (1)
1. sporto žaidimas, kur dvi komandos stengiasi įspirti ar galva įmušti kamuolį į viena kitos vartus.
2. šnek. kojų spardomas odinis kamuolys
Main Entry: foot·ball
Pronunciation: \ˈfu̇t-ˌbȯl\
Function: noun
Date: 15th century
1 : any of several games played between two teams on a usually rectangular field having goalposts or goals at
each end and whose object is to get the ball over a goal line, into a goal, or between goalposts by running,
passing, or kicking: as a British : SOCCER b British : RUGBY c : an American game played between two teams of
11 players each in which the ball is in possession of one side at a time and is advanced by running or passing d
Australian : AUSTRALIAN RULES FOOTBALL e Canada : CANADIAN FOOTBALL
2 a : an inflated oval ball used in the game of football b British : a soccer ball
3 : something treated roughly especially as the subject of a prolonged dispute <the issue became a political
football in Congress>
— foot·ball·er \-ˌbȯ-lər\ noun
94
gars|as (4) 1. ausimis sugaunamas oro virpėjimas: Trimito g. Muzikos ~a¤. Tylus, aiškus, švarus g. 2. aidas:
Girioje g. nuaidėjo. 3. prk. gandas, žinia, paskala: Paleido ~ą. Eina g. 4. garbė, šlovė. 5. lingv. mažiausias tarties
elementas, pasikartojantis kalbos sraute
Main Entry: 3sound
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English soun, from Anglo-French son, sun, from Latin sonus, from sonare to sound; akin to
Old English swinn melody, Sanskrit svanati it sounds
Date: 13th century
1 a : a particular auditory impression : TONE b : the sensation perceived by the sense of hearing c : mechanical
radiant energy that is transmitted by longitudinal pressure waves in a material medium (as air) and is the
objective
cause
of
hearing
2 a : a speech sound <a peculiar r-sound> b : value in terms of speech sounds <-cher of teacher and -ture of
creature have the same sound>
3 archaic : RUMOR, FAME
4 a : meaningless noise b obsolete : MEANING c : the impression conveyed : IMPORT
5 : hearing distance : EARSHOT <within sound of your voice>
6 : recorded auditory material
7 : a particular musical style characteristic of an individual, a group, or an area <the Nashville sound>
gramatika (1)
1. lingv. kalbotyros šaka, tirianti žodžių, jų junginių ir sakinių sandarą: Istorinė g. Lyginamoji kalbų g.
2. lingv. žodžių bei jų junginių ir sakinių sandara; knyga, kurioje aprašyta ta sandarac
Main Entry: gram·mar
Pronunciation: \ˈgra-mər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English gramere, from Anglo-French gramaire, modification of Latin grammatica, from
Greek grammatikē, from feminine of grammatikos of letters, from grammat-, gramma — more at GRAM
Date: 14th century
1 a : the study of the classes of words, their inflections, and their functions and relations in the sentence b : a
study of what is to be preferred and what avoided in inflection and syntax
2 a : the characteristic system of inflections and syntax of a language b : a system of rules that defines the
grammatical structure of a language
3 a : a grammar textbook b : speech or writing evaluated according to its conformity to grammatical rules
4 : the principles or rules of an art, science, or technique <a grammar of the theater>; also : a set of such
principles or rules
— gram·mar·i·an \grə-ˈmer-ē-ən\ noun
grind|ys, ~‹ dgs. (4)
lentų ar kitoks klojinys patalpoje: Lentų, parketo, linoleumo, marmuro g. Dažytos g. Įdėtos naujos g. Svirno
~łžės bildėjo (d.)
Main Entry: 1floor
Pronunciation: \ˈflȯr\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English flor, from Old English flōr; akin to Old High German fluor meadow, Latin planus
level, and perhaps to Greek planasthai to wander
Date: before 12th century
1 : the level base of a room
2 a : the lower inside surface of a hollow structure (as a cave or bodily part) b : a ground surface <the ocean
floor>
3 a : a structure dividing a building into stories; also : STORY b : the occupants of such a floor
95
4 : the surface of a structure on which one travels <the floor of a bridge>
5 a : a main level space (as in a stock exchange or legislative chamber) distinguished from a platform or gallery
b : the specially prepared or marked area on which indoor sports events take place c : the members of an
assembly <took questions from the floor> d : the right to address an assembly <the senator from Utah has the
floor>
6 : a lower limit : BASE
— floored adjective
— from the floor : in field goals as opposed to free throws <made 16 of 18 shots from the floor>
grõž|is (2)
gražumo, dailumo ypatybė, grožybė: Nepaprasto ~io meno kūrinys. Poetai apdainuoja tėvynės ~į. Sužavėjo savo
~ił
Main Entry: beau·ty
Pronunciation: \ˈbyü-tē\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural beauties
Etymology: Middle English beaute, bealte, from Anglo-French, from bel, beau beautiful, from Latin bellus
pretty; akin to Latin bonus good — more at BOUNTY
Date: 14th century
1 : the quality or aggregate of qualities in a person or thing that gives pleasure to the senses or pleasurably exalts
the mind or spirit : LOVELINESS
2 : a beautiful person or thing; especially : a beautiful woman
3 : a particularly graceful, ornamental, or excellent quality
4 : a brilliant, extreme, or egregious example or instance <that mistake was a beauty>
5 : BOTTOM 9
gintar|as (3b) 1. suakmenėję sakai, išplaunami jūros arba iškasami iš žemės: ~o vėrinys. ~o kraštas. Vanduo kaip
g. (skaidrus). 2. tokių sakų gabalas: Patrintas g. įsielektrina
Main Entry: 1am·ber
Pronunciation: \ˈam-bər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English ambre, from Anglo-French, from Medieval Latin ambra, from Arabic ʽanbar
ambergris
Date: 14th century
1 : a hard yellowish to brownish translucent fossil resin that takes a fine polish and is used chiefly in making
ornamental objects (as beads)
2 : a variable color averaging a dark orange yellow
gabal|as (3b)
1. atskira daikto dalis: Mėsos g. Cukraus ~iłkas, ~›lis. Lėkštė sudužo į daug ~‹. Supjaustė sūrį dideliais ~a¤s.
2. plotas, sklypas; skiautė: Žemės g. Į ~us draskyti. Drobės g.
Main Entry: 1piece
Pronunciation: \ˈpēs\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Vulgar Latin *pettia, of Gaulish origin; akin to Welsh
peth thing
Date: 13th century
1 : a part of a whole: as a : FRAGMENT <pieces of broken glass> b : any of the individual members comprising a
unit —often used in combination <a five-piece band> <a three-piece suit> c : PORTION, ALLOCATION <a piece
of
the
jackpot>
2 : an object or individual regarded as a unit of a kind or class <a piece of fruit>
3 : a usually unspecified distance <down the road a piece>
96
4 : a standard quantity (as of length, weight, or size) in which something is made or sold
5 : a literary, journalistic, artistic, dramatic, or musical composition
6 : FIREARM
7 : COIN; also : TOKEN
8 : a movable object used in playing a board game; specifically : a chessman other than a pawn
9 : OPINION, VIEW <spoke his piece>
10 a usually vulgar : an act of copulation b usually vulgar : the female partner in sexual intercourse
11 : INSTANCE, EXAMPLE <silly piece of nonsense> <a nice piece of acting>
synonyms see PART
— of a piece : ALIKE, CONSISTENT
— piece of one's mind : a severe scolding : TONGUE-LASHING
— piece of the action : a share in activity or profit
— to pieces 1 : without reserve or restraint : COMPLETELY
— 2 : into fragments; also : into component parts
— 3 : out of control <went to pieces from shock>
garban|a (1)
plaukų, vilnų ar augalų banga: Geltonos ~os. Dobilai ~omis eina. Rūtų ~os
Main Entry: 2curl
Function: noun
Date: 1578
1 : a lock of hair that coils : RINGLET
2 : something having a spiral or winding form : COIL
3 : the action of curling : the state of being curled
4 : a curved or spiral marking in the grain of wood
5 : a hollow arch of water formed when the crest of a breaking wave spills forward
6 : a usually short pass pattern in football in which a receiver runs downfield and then curves back toward the
line
of
scrimmage
7 : a body-building exercise in which a weight held with the palms facing up is raised and lowered by flexing
only the wrists or elbows
gaublys (4)
rutulinis sukamas žemėlapis
Main Entry: 1globe
Pronunciation: \ˈglōb\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle French, from Latin globus
Date: 15th century
: something spherical or rounded: as a : a spherical representation of the earth, a celestial body, or the heavens b
: EARTH 4 c : ORB 5
gelež|is, ~ies m. (3b)
1. chem. labai paplitęs, randamas rūdų ir mineralų pavidalu, kalus, greitai rūdijantis metalas (Fe); jo liejinys,
gabalas: Gģležį kalti, pjauti, valcuoti. ~iģs rūda. Kietas kaip g. Kalk geležį, kol karšta (flk.).
2. tarm. peilis, pjūklas ar šiaip koks aštrus daiktas.
3. dgs. tarm. viryklės viršaus geležinės dalys.
™ ~ies amžius (pirmykštės kultūros epocha, kada žmonės ėmė vartoti geležį)
Main Entry: 1iron
Pronunciation: \ˈī(-ə)rn\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English īsern, īren; akin to Old High German īsarn iron
Date: before 12th century
97
1 : a silver-white malleable ductile magnetic heavy metallic element that readily rusts in moist air, occurs native
in meteorites and combined in most igneous rocks, is the most used of metals, and is vital to biological processes
— see ELEMENT TABLE
2 : something made of iron: as a plural : shackles for the hands or legs b : a heated metal implement used for
branding or cauterizing c : a household device usually with a flat metal base that is heated to smooth, finish, or
press (as cloth) d : STIRRUP —usually used in plural e : any of a series of numbered golf clubs having relatively
thin
metal
heads
—
compare
WOOD
3 : great strength, hardness, or determination
— iron in the fire 1 : a matter requiring close attention
2 : a prospective course of action
gent|is, ~ies m. (4)
1. pirmykštėje visuomenėje – bendruomenė, susijusi giminyste, papročiais, ūkiu, kalba ir teritorija: Baltų ge¹tys.
2. biol. pagrindinis augalų ir gyvūnų sistematikos vienetas, esantis tarp rūšies ir šeimos (genus).
3. žr. giminė 1.
4. b. giminaitis
Main Entry: tribe
Pronunciation: \ˈtrīb\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin tribus, a division of the Roman people, tribe
Date: 13th century
1 a : a social group comprising numerous families, clans, or generations together with slaves, dependents, or
adopted strangers b : a political division of the Roman people originally representing one of the three original
tribes of ancient Rome c : PHYLE
2 : a group of persons having a common character, occupation, or interest
3 : a category of taxonomic classification ranking below a subfamily; also : a natural group irrespective of
taxonomic rank <the cat tribe> <the rose tribe>
gepardas (1)
zool. kačių šeimos gelsvas, juodai dėmėtas plėšrūnas (Acinonyx jubatus)
Main Entry: chee·tah
Pronunciation: \ˈchē-tə\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural cheetahs also cheetah
Etymology: Hindi cītā & Urdu chītā leopard, from Sanskrit citraka, from citra bright, variegated; akin to Old
High German heitar bright — more at -HOOD
Date: 1610
: a long-legged spotted swift-moving African and formerly Asian cat (Acinonyx jubatus) about the size of a small
leopard that has blunt nonretractile claws
[CHEETAH ILLUSTRATION]
gerkl|› (3)
1. priekinė kaklo dalis: Vilkas perplėšė kumelei gérklę. Griebė piktadarys už ~›s ir ėmė smaugti.
2. užpakalinė burnos dalis, ryklė: Išdžiūvo g. Kąsnis įstrigo ~ėjź. Gérklę (g.) skauda. Nusišaldyti gérklę.
3. anat. kvėpavimo takų dalis, jungianti gerklas su bronchais arba tiesiog su plaučiais (trachea).
4. kuliamosios ar panašios mašinos traukiamoji anga.
… Gérklę išversti (paleisti) (imti rėkti). Gérklę laidyti (plėšyti, plėšti) (rėkauti). Gérklę užpilti (nugirdyti). Gérklę
užkimšti (užkišti) (nutildyti). Į gérklę pilti (gerti svaigalus). Iš visos ~›s, visa gérkle (garsiai). Per (pro) gérklę
praleisti (pervaryti, išvaryti) (pragerti). Plati g. (girtuoklis)
Main Entry: 1throat
Pronunciation: \ˈthrōt\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English throte, from Old English; akin to Old High German drozza throat
98
Date: before 12th century
1 a (1) : the part of the neck in front of the spinal column (2) : the passage through the neck to the stomach and
lungs b (1) : VOICE (2) : the seat of the voice
2 : something resembling the throat especially in being an entrance, a passageway, a constriction, or a narrowed
part: as a : the orifice of a tubular organ especially of a plant b : the opening in the vamp of a shoe at the instep c
: the part of a tennis racket that connects the head with the shaft
3 : the curved part of an anchor's arm where it joins the shank — see ANCHOR ILLUSTRATION
— at each other's throats : in open and aggressive conflict
gimin|ė (3b)
1. kelios kartos žmonių, turinčių bendrus protėvius: Jų g. didelė.
2. b. giminaitis: Jis mano artimas g. Neturiu ~i‹.
3. padermė: Žmonių g.
4. pirmykštėje visuomenėje – genties dalis, susijusi kraujo ryšiais.
5. gram. kategorija, paremta daiktavardžiais žymimų dalykų santykio su lyties skirtybėmis reiškimu: Vyriškoji,
moteriškoji g. Bevardė g.
Main Entry: 1kin·dred
Pronunciation: \ˈkin-drəd\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from kin + Old English rǣden condition, from rǣdan to advise, read
Date: 12th century
1 a : a group of related individuals b : one's relatives
2 : family relationship : KINSHIP
ginč|as (2)
1. savo nuomonės bei reikalo gynimas žodžiu, disputas: Dėl tos knygos buvo daug ~ų. Tarp jų vyko smarkūs ~ai.
Mokslinis
g.
2. tarpusavio pretenzijos ką nors valdyti, sprendžiamos teisme: Civilinis, turtinis g.
3. sport. kamuolio ir panašių žaidimų varžovų dvikova, teisėjui metant kamuolį (ritulį).
4. b. šnek. priešgyna: Nebūk toks g.!
Main Entry: 2quarrel
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English querele, from Anglo-French, from Latin querela grievance, complaint, from queri to
complain
Date: 14th century
1 : a ground of dispute or complaint <have no quarrel with a different approach>
2 : a usually verbal conflict between antagonists : ALTERCATION
synonyms QUARREL, WRANGLE, ALTERCATION, SQUABBLE mean a noisy dispute usually marked by anger.
QUARREL implies heated verbal contention, stressing strained or severed relations which may persist beyond the
contention <a quarrel nearly destroyed the relationship>. WRANGLE suggests undignified and often futile
disputation with a noisy insistence on differing opinions <wrangle interminably about small issues>.
ALTERCATION implies fighting with words as the chief weapon, although it may also connote blows <a loud
public altercation>. SQUABBLE stresses childish and unseemly dispute over petty matters, but it need not imply
bitterness or anger <a brief squabble over what to do next>
greipfrutas (1)
bot. rūtinių šeimos šiltųjų kraštų vaismedis, vedantis didelius sultingus saldžiai karčius vaisius (Citrus paradisi);
jo vaisius
Main Entry: grape·fruit
Pronunciation: \ˈgrāp-ˌfrüt\
Function: noun
Date: 1814
99
1 plural grapefruit or grapefruits : a large citrus fruit with a bitter yellow rind and inner skin and a highly
flavored somewhat acid juicy pulp
2 : a small roundheaded tree (Citrus paradisi) of the rue family that produces grapefruit
griov|ys (4)
1. vandens išgraužta, išnešta vieta: Kalne išgraužtas didžiausias g.
2. siauras, ilgas kasinys: Drėkinimo g. Apsauginis g. Pilni ~ia¤ vandensMain
Entry: 1ditch
Pronunciation: \ˈdich\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English dich, from Old English dīc dike, ditch; akin to Middle High German tīch pond, dike
Date: before 12th century
: a long narrow excavation dug in the earth (as for drainage)
gripas (2)
med. ūminė užkrečiamoji liga, pasireiškianti kvėpavimo takų uždegimu ir dideliu karščiavimu
Main Entry: in·flu·en·za
Pronunciation: \ˌin-(ˌ)flü-ˈen-zə\
Function: noun
Etymology: Italian, literally, influence, from Medieval Latin influentia; from the belief that epidemics were due
to the influence of the stars
Date: 1743
1 a (1) : an acute typically severe respiratory disease caused by an orthomyxovirus (species Influenza A virus of
the genus Influenzavirus A) and marked by sudden onset, fever, prostration, severe aches and pains, and
progressive inflammation of the respiratory mucous membranes—called also influenza A (2) : either of two
usually milder or even subclinical respiratory diseases caused by two other orthomyxoviruses (species Influenza
B virus of the genus Influenzavirus B and species Influenza C virus of the genus Influenzavirus C) —often used
with the letter B or C to denote the causative species b : any of various human respiratory infections of
undetermined cause —not used technically
2 : any of numerous febrile usually virus diseases of domestic animals marked by respiratory symptoms,
inflammation of mucous membranes, and often systemic involvement
— in·flu·en·zal \-zəl\ adjective
grėbl|ys (3)
1. įrankis grėbti, žemei purenti: Tas g. smagus. Grøblio galva nulūžo. Kiek trūkelių užtraukiau, tiek ~ģlių
sulaužiau
(d.).
2. padargas ar mašina grėbti: Arklinis, traktorinis g. Vartomasis g.
Main Entry: 1rake
Pronunciation: \ˈrāk\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English racu; akin to Old High German rehho rake
Date: before 12th century
1 a : an implement equipped with projecting prongs to gather material (as leaves) or for loosening or smoothing
the surface of the ground b : a machine for gathering hay
2 : an implement like a rake
gyvatė (2)
1. zool. ilgas, žvynuotas, lankstus roplys nuodingais dantimis, angis (Vipera berus): G. įkirto, įkando. Šnypščia g.
po kelmu. Raitosi kaip g.
2. b. niek. bjaurybė, nenaudėlis: Tos ~ės vėl darže! (apie vištas). Išpenėjau ~ę anty (apie nedėkingą).
™ G. barškuolė (zool. Crotalus, Sistrurus). Geležinė, arba varinė, g. (gluodenas).
~ės dgs. (2) zool. panašių roplių pobūris – žaltys, smauglys, kobra ir kt. (Serpentes, Ophidia)
100
Main Entry: 1snake
Pronunciation: \ˈsnāk\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English snaca; akin to Old Norse snakr snake, Old High German snahhan
to crawl
Date: before 12th century
1 : any of numerous limbless scaled reptiles (suborder Serpentes syn. Ophidia) with a long tapering body and
with salivary glands often modified to produce venom which is injected through grooved or tubular fangs
2 : a worthless or treacherous fellow
3 : something (as a plumber's snake) resembling a snake
— snake·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
grybas (2)
1. organizmas, dažniausiai išauginantis kotą ir kepurėlę, kremblys: Rudenį pradeda ~ai dygti. Valgomas,
nuodingas, parazitinis g. ~łs rinkti. Auga kaip g. po lietaus (gerai, greitai).
2. medžio puvinys, puvėsis: Į grindis įsimetė g. Namą g. ėda.
~ai dgs. (2) biol. tokių organizmų skyrius (Fungi)
Main Entry: 1mush·room
Pronunciation: \məsh-rüm, -rum; chiefly Northern & Midland -rün; dial mə-shə-rüm, -rum, rün\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English musheron, from Anglo-French musherum, musseron, from Late Latin mussirion-,
mussirio
Date: 15th century
1 a : an enlarged complex aboveground fleshy fruiting body of a fungus (as a basidiomycete) that consists
typically of a stem bearing a pileus; especially : one that is edible b : FUNGUS
2 : UPSTART
3 : something resembling a mushroom
gyvūn|as
(2)
pats judantis, reaguojantis ir jaučiantis organizmas, mintantis gamtinėmis medžiagomis: ~ų pasaulis labai
įvairus
Main Entry: 1an·i·mal
Pronunciation: \a-nə-məl\
Function: noun
Etymology: Latin, from animale, neuter of animalis animate, from anima soul — more at ANIMATE
Date: 14th century
1 : any of a kingdom (Animalia) of living things including many-celled organisms and often many of the singlecelled ones (as protozoans) that typically differ from plants in having cells without cellulose walls, in lacking
chlorophyll and the capacity for photosynthesis, in requiring more complex food materials (as proteins), in being
organized to a greater degree of complexity, and in having the capacity for spontaneous movement and rapid
motor
responses
to
stimulation
2 a : one of the lower animals as distinguished from human beings b : MAMMAL; broadly : VERTEBRATE
3 : a human being considered chiefly as physical or nonrational; also : this nature
4 : a person with a particular interest or aptitude <a political animal>
5 : MATTER, THING <the theater…is an entirely different animal — Arthur Miller>; also : CREATURE 1c
— an·i·mal·like \-mə(l)-līk\ adjective
gėl|ė (4)
gražiai žydintis arba turintis gražius lapus augalas: Kambarinės g›lės. Darželio, laukinė, pievų, miško g. ~i‹
puokštė. Pamerk ~źs
101
Main Entry: 1flow·er
Pronunciation: \flau(-ə)r\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English flour flower, best of anything, flour, from Anglo-French flur, flour, flaur, from Latin
flor-, flos — more at BLOW
Date: 13th century
1 a : the part of a seed plant that normally bears reproductive organs : BLOSSOM, INFLORESCENCE b : a shoot of
the sporophyte of a higher plant that is modified for reproduction and consists of a shortened axis bearing
modified leaves; especially : one of a seed plant differentiated into a calyx, corolla, stamens, and carpels c : a
plant
cultivated
for
its
blossoms
2 a : the best part or example <the flower of our youth> b : the finest most vigorous period c : a state of
blooming or flourishing <in full flower>
3 plural : a finely divided powder produced especially by condensation or sublimation <flowers of sulfur>
— flow·ered \flau(-ə)rd\ adjective
— flow·er·ful \flau(-ə)r-fəl\ adjective
— flow·er·less \-ləs\ adjective
— flow·er·like \-līk\ adjective
[FLOWER ILLUSTRATION]
honoraras (2)
spaudos bendradarbių, literatų, dailininkų, advokatų ir kt. gaunamas atlyginimas už darbą, kūrinį pagal tarifą ar
šalių susitarimu
Main Entry: hon·o·rar·i·um
Pronunciation: \ˌä-nə-ˈrer-ē-əm\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural hon·o·rar·ia \-ē-ə\ also hon·o·rar·i·ums
Etymology: Latin, from neuter of honorarius
Date: 1658
: a payment for a service (as making a speech) on which custom or propriety forbids a price to be set
hipotezė (2) moksliškai neįrodytas, patikrinimo reikalingas spėjimas ir juo paremtas ko aiškinimas
Main Entry: hy·poth·e·sis
Pronunciation: \hī-ˈpä-thə-səs\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural hy·poth·e·ses \-ˌsēz\
Etymology: Greek, from hypotithenai to put under, suppose, from hypo- + tithenai to put — more at DO
Date: circa 1656
1 a : an assumption or concession made for the sake of argument b : an interpretation of a practical situation or
condition taken as the ground for action
2 : a tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences
3 : the antecedent clause of a conditional statement
synonyms HYPOTHESIS, THEORY, LAW mean a formula derived by inference from scientific data that explains a
principle operating in nature. HYPOTHESIS implies insufficient evidence to provide more than a tentative
explanation <a hypothesis explaining the extinction of the dinosaurs>. THEORY implies a greater range of
evidence and greater likelihood of truth <the theory of evolution>. LAW implies a statement of order and relation
in nature that has been found to be invariable under the same conditions <the law of gravitation>.
hibridas (2)
1. biol. gyvūnas ar augalas, gautas sukryžminus nevienodo paveldimumo organizmus, mišrūnas.
2. lingv. žodis, turintis kilmės atžvilgiu vienos kalbos šaknį, kitos – priešdėlį ar priesagą, arba žodis, turintis
atskirų kalbų šaknis bei kamienus
102
Main Entry: hy·brid
Pronunciation: \ˈhī-brəd\
Function: noun
Etymology: Latin hybrida
Date: 1601
1 : an offspring of two animals or plants of different races, breeds, varieties, species, or genera
2 : a person whose background is a blend of two diverse cultures or traditions
3 a : something heterogeneous in origin or composition : COMPOSITE <hybrids of complementary DNA and
RNA strands> <a hybrid of medieval and Renaissance styles> b : something (as a power plant, vehicle, or
electronic circuit) that has two different types of components performing essentially the same function
— hybrid adjective
— hy·brid·ism \-brə-ˌdi-zəm\ noun
— hy·brid·i·ty \hī-ˈbri-də-tē\ noun
hobis
laisvalaikio pomėgis
(2)
Main Entry: 2hobby
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural hobbies
Etymology: short for hobbyhorse
Date: 1816
: a pursuit outside one's regular occupation engaged in especially for relaxation
— hob·by·ist \-bē-ist\ noun
horoskopas (2)
žvaigždžių padėtis kūdikio gimimo metu, pagal kurią astrologai pranašauja, koks bus jo gyvenimas
Main Entry: horo·scope
Pronunciation: \ˈhȯr-ə-ˌskōp, ˈhär-\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English horoscopum, from Latin horoscopus, from Greek hōroskopos, from hōra + skopos
watcher; akin to Greek skopein to look at — more at SPY
Date: 14th century
1 : a diagram of the relative positions of planets and signs of the zodiac at a specific time (as at one's birth) for
use by astrologers in inferring individual character and personality traits and in foretelling events of a person's
life
2 : an astrological forecast
horizont|as (1)
1. matomoji dangaus su žeme ar jūros paviršiumi ribojimosi linija, akiratis: Saulė pasislėpė už ~o.
2. visa regimoji aplink stebėtoją erdvė: Nuo kalno atsivėrė platus h.
3. prk. žinių, idėjų apimtis, akiratis: Plačių ~ų žmogus.
4. prk. galimybių bei veikimo apimtis: Atsivėrė platūs darbo ~ai.
5. upės, ežero ar jūros vandens aukštis
Main Entry: ho·ri·zon
Pronunciation: \hə-ˈrī-zən\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English orizon, from Late Latin horizont-, horizon, from Greek horizont-, horizōn, from
present participle of horizein to bound, define, from horos boundary; perhaps akin to Latin urvum curved part of
a plow
103
Date: 14th century
1 a : the apparent junction of earth and sky b : the great circle on the celestial sphere formed by the intersection
of the celestial sphere with a plane tangent to the earth's surface at an observer's position — see AZIMUTH
ILLUSTRATION c : range of perception or experience d : something that might be attained <new horizons>
2 a : the geological deposit of a particular time usually identified by distinctive fossils b : any of the reasonably
distinct layers of soil or its underlying material in a vertical section of land c : a cultural area or level of
development indicated by separated groups of artifacts
— ho·ri·zon·al \-ˈrī-zən-əl\ adjective
hologramā (2)
daikto erdvinis atvaizdas
Main Entry: ho·lo·gram
Pronunciation: \ˈhō-lə-ˌgram, ˈhä-\
Function: noun
Date: 1949
: a three-dimensional image reproduced from a pattern of interference produced by a split coherent beam of
radiation (as a laser); also : the pattern of interference itself
haremas (2)
užs. daug žmonų turinčio musulmono namų moterų skyrius; jo žmonos
Main Entry: har·em
Pronunciation: \ˈher-əm\
Function: noun
Etymology: ultimately from Arabic ḥarīm, literally, something forbidden & ḥaram, literally, sanctuary
Date: 1623
1 a : a usually secluded house or part of a house allotted to women in a Muslim household b : the wives,
concubines, female relatives, and servants occupying a harem
2 : a group of women associated with one man
3 : a group of females associated with one male —used of polygamous animals
hienā, hiźnos (2)
zool. į vilką panašus plėšrūnas stambia galva, ėdantis dvėseną: Dryžuotoji h. (Hyaena hyaena). Dėmėtoji h.
(Crocuta crocuta)
Main Entry: hy·e·na
Pronunciation: \hī-ˈē-nə\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural hyenas also hyena
Etymology: Middle English hyene, from Latin hyaena, from Greek hyaina, from hys hog — more at SOW
Date: 14th century
: any of several large strong nocturnal carnivorous Old World mammals (family Hyaenidae) that usually feed as
scavengers
— hy·e·nic \-ˈē-nik, -ˈe-nik\ adjective
hieroglifas (1)
1. lingv. figūrinis ženklas, žymintis kurią nors sąvoką arba atskirus kalbos skiemenis ir garsus.
2. prk. netaisyklinga, neįskaitoma raidė
Main Entry: hi·ero·glyph
104
Pronunciation: \ˈhī-(ə-)rə-ˌglif\
Function: noun
Etymology: French hiéroglyphe, from Middle French, back-formation from hieroglyphique
Date: 1598
1 : a character used in a system of hieroglyphic writing
2 : something that resembles a hieroglyph
hipnoz|ė (2)
į miegą panaši pavaldumo būsena, sukeliama kito asmens įtaiga: Psichinis ligonis gydomas ~ź
Pronunciation: \hip-ˈnō-səs\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural hyp·no·ses \-ˌsēz\
Etymology: New Latin
Date: 1876
1 : a trancelike state that resembles sleep but is induced by a person whose suggestions are readily accepted by
the
subject
2 : any of various conditions that resemble sleep
3 : HYPNOTISM 1
jachtā (2) nedidelis kelionių, pramogų ir sporto laivas
Main Entry: 1yacht
Pronunciation: \ˈyät\
Function: noun
Etymology: obsolete Dutch jaght, from Middle Low German jacht, short for jachtschip, literally, hunting ship
Date: 1557
: any of various recreational watercraft: as a : a sailboat used for racing b : a large usually motor-driven craft
used for pleasure cruising
Jūr|a (1) 1. didelis sūraus vandens plotas, susisiekiantis su vandenynu: Baltijos, Juodoji j. Audringa,
banguojanti, rami j. Atvira j. (toli nuo kranto). ~os liga. O kaip sunku akmenėliui per ~elźs plaukti (d.). ~ą
perplaukęs,
klane
nuskendo
(flk.).
2. prk. daugybė (ppr. ko nors judančio): Žmonių j. Ugnies j. Kraujo j. … ~ų vilkas (patyręs jūrininkas)
Main Entry: sea
Pronunciation: \ˈsē\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English see, from Old English sǣ; akin to Old High German sē sea, Gothic saiws
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a great body of salt water that covers much of the earth; broadly : the waters of the earth as distinguished
from the land and air b : a body of salt water of second rank more or less landlocked <the Mediterranean sea> c :
OCEAN d : an inland body of water —used especially for names of such bodies <the Caspian Sea>
2 a : surface motion on a large body of water or its direction; also : a large swell or wave —often used in plural
<heavy seas> b : the disturbance of the ocean or other body of water due to the wind
3 : something likened to the sea especially in vastness <a sea of faces>
4 : the seafaring life
5 : 3MARE
— sea adjective
— at sea 1 : on the sea; specifically : on a sea voyage
— 2 : LOST, BEWILDERED
— to sea : to or on the open waters of the sea
105
jėg|ā (4) 1. gyvųjų būtybių fizinė ar psichinė galia: Jis daug ~õs turi. Įtempti visas ~ās. Pritrūkti, netekti ~‹.
Smogti iš visų ~‹. Proto, dvasios j. 2. fiz., tech. energija kaip poveikio priežastis: Inercijos, trinties, traukos j.
Išcentrinė, įcentrinė j. Elektros j. 3. kas skatina veikti, veikimo pagrindas, veiksnys: Tėvynės meilė yra stipri
vienijamoji
ir
kuriamoji
j.
4. prievarta: ~ā nusivarė. Veikti įtikinimu, o ne ~ā. 5. galybė, stiprybė: Žmonių j. – vienybė.
™ Arklio j. (psn. arklio galia). Darbo j. (ekon. žmogaus darbas, energija kam pagaminti). Gamybinės j›gos (ekon.
darbo jėgos ir gamybos priemonių sistema). Gyvoji j. (kar. kariai)
Main Entry: strength
Pronunciation: \ˈstreŋ(k)th, ˈstren(t)th\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural strengths \ˈstreŋ(k)ths, ˈstren(t)ths, ˈstreŋks\
Etymology: Middle English strengthe, from Old English strengthu; akin to Old High German strengi strong —
more at STRONG
Date: before 12th century
1 : the quality or state of being strong : capacity for exertion or endurance
2 : power to resist force : SOLIDITY, TOUGHNESS
3 : power of resisting attack : IMPREGNABILITY
4 a : legal, logical, or moral force b : a strong attribute or inherent asset <the strengths and the weaknesses of the
book
are
evident>
5 a : degree of potency of effect or of concentration <chili peppers in varying strengths> b : intensity of light,
color, sound, or odor c : vigor of expression
6 : force as measured in numbers : effective numbers of any body or organization <an army at full strength>
7 : one regarded as embodying or affording force or firmness : SUPPORT <you are my love and my strength>
8 : maintenance of or a rising tendency in a price level : firmness of prices <the strength of the dollar>
9 : BASIS —used in the phrase on the strength of
synonyms see POWER
— from strength to strength : vigorously forward : from one high point to the next
juõk|as (4)
1. pasitenkinimo, džiaugsmo ir pan. reiškimas tam tikrais nutrūkstamais garsais, iškvepiant orą: Linksmas j.
Isteriškas j. J. pro ašaras.
2. išdaiga, pokštas: Su ugnimi nėra ~‹. Katei j., pelei mirtis (flk.).
3. menkniekis: Tokia nelaimė tik ~a¤.
… Ant ~o laikyti (juoktis, tyčiotis). Be ~o (iš tikrųjų). ~ł dėis (juokauti, apsimesti, kad juokaujama). ~a¤s alpti,
kristi, leipti, apleipti, mirti, plyšti, sprogti, virsti (labai juoktis). ~łs krėsti (juokauti). ~a¤s nuleisti, paversti
(nekreipti dėmesio). Menki ~a¤ (rimtas dalykas). Vieni ~a¤ (labia
Main Entry: laugh·ter
Pronunciation: \ˈlaf-tər, ˈläf-\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hleahtor; akin to Old English hliehhan
Date: before 12th century
1 : a sound of or as if of laughing
2 archaic : a cause of merriment
jaunyst|ė (2) jauni metai, jaunas amžius: Jis nuo ~ės sunkiai dirbo. Prisimena ~ės draugai. Nebe pirmos ~ės
žmogus
Main Entry: youth
Pronunciation: \ˈyüth\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural youths \ˈyüthz, ˈyüths\
106
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English youthe, from Old English geoguth; akin to Old English geong young — more at
YOUNG
Date: before 12th century
1 a : the time of life when one is young; especially : the period between childhood and maturity b : the early
period of existence, growth, or development
2 a : a young person; especially : a young male between adolescence and maturity b : young persons or creatures
—usually plural in construction
3 : the quality or state of being youthful : YOUTHFULNESS
jautis (1)
1. karvių patinas, bulius: Veislinis j. Jćučio sveikatą turi.
2. kastruotas karvių patinas – mėsinis ir darbinis (seniau) galvijas: Dirba kaip juodas j. (sunkiai). Senas j. vagos
negadina (flk.)
Main Entry: 1bull
Pronunciation: \ˈbu̇l, ˈbəl\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English bule, from Old English bula; akin to Old Norse boli bull
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a male bovine; especially : an adult uncastrated male domestic bovine b : a usually adult male of various
large animals (as elephants, whales, or seals)
2 : one who buys securities or commodities in expectation of a price rise or who acts to effect such a rise —
compare
BEAR
3 : one that resembles a bull (as in brawny physique)
4 : BULLDOG
5 slang : POLICE OFFICER, DETECTIVE
6 capitalized : TAURUS
jautien|a (1)
jaučio ar karvės mėsa: ~os kepsnys
Main Entry: 1beef
Pronunciation: \ˈbēf\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural beefs \ˈbēfs\ or beeves \ˈbēvz\
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French beof, bef ox, beef, from Latin bov-, bos head of cattle — more
at COW
Date: 14th century
1 : the flesh of an adult domestic bovine (as a steer or cow) used as food
2 a : an ox, cow, or bull in a full-grown or nearly full-grown state; especially : a steer or cow fattened for food
<quality Texas beeves> <a herd of good beef> b : a dressed carcass of a beef animal
3 : muscular flesh : BRAWN
4 plural beefs : COMPLAINT
[BEEF ILLUSTRATION]
jogā, jņgos (2) indų filosofijos sistema, skatinanti valdyti kūną ir dvasią asketinėmis, ekstazės ir kt. priemonėmis
Main Entry: yo·ga
Pronunciation: \ˈyō-gə\
Function: noun
Etymology: Sanskrit, literally, yoking, from yunakti he yokes; akin to Latin jungere to join — more at YOKE
Date: 1820
1 capitalized : a Hindu theistic philosophy teaching the suppression of all activity of body, mind, and will in
order that the self may realize its distinction from them and attain liberation
107
2 : a system of exercises for attaining bodily or mental control and well-being
— yo·gic \-gik\ adjective often capitalized
jurta (1) kai kurių Azijos klajoklių palapinė
Main Entry: yurt
Pronunciation: \ˈyu̇rt\
Function: noun
Etymology: Russian dial. yurta, of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish yurt home
Date: 1876
: a circular domed tent of skins or felt stretched over a collapsible lattice framework and used by pastoral peoples
of inner Asia; also : a structure that resembles a yurt usually in size and design
[YURT ILLUSTRATION]
juvelyr|as, ~ė dkt. (2)
1. meistras, gaminantis dirbinius iš brangiųjų mineralų arba metalų, auksakalys.
2. brangiųjų metalų ar mineralų pardavėjas
Main Entry: jew·el·er
Variant(s): or jew·el·ler \ˈjü-ə-lər, ˈjü-lər also ˈju̇-lər\
Function: noun
Date: 14th century
1 : one who makes or repairs jewelry
2 : one who deals in jewelry, precious stones, watches, and usually silverware and china
kirv|is (2) įrankis malkoms ar šiaip kam skaldyti, kapoti, tašyti: K. atšipo, nusmuko. Atsikirto k. į akmenį. Kaip
~ił atkirto (šiurkščiai atsakė). Kaip k. plaukia (iron. tuoj skęsta). Aštrus ~ (i)łkas. Akmeninis ~ģlis. … Atitiko k.
kotą (labai pritiko, toks tokį rado). Kaip k. su akmeniu (labai nesugyvena). Nors ~į (pa)kabink (apie blogą
kambario orą)
Main Entry: 1ax
Variant(s): or axe \ˈaks\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English æcs; akin to Old High German ackus ax, Latin ascia, Greek axinē
Date: before 12th century
1 : a cutting tool that consists of a heavy edged head fixed to a handle with the edge parallel to the handle and
that is used especially for felling trees and chopping and splitting wood
2 : a hammer with a sharp edge for dressing or spalling stone
3 : abrupt removal (as from employment or from a budget) —sometimes used in the phrase get the ax
4 : a musical instrument (as a guitar or a saxophone)
— ax to grind : an ulterior often selfish underlying purpose <claims that he has no ax to grind in criticizing the
proposed law>
kibir|as (2), kibir|as (3b)
indas vandeniui semti ir nešti, pienui ir kt. supilti; į jį telpantis kiekis: Vandens k. ~ais sėmė vandenį. ~iłkas
pieno. Liepos ~›liai … Kaip iš ~o (labai smarkiai) lyti
Main Entry: 1buck·et
Pronunciation: \ˈbə-kət\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French buket, from Old English būc pitcher, belly; akin to Old High
German būh belly
Date: 13th century
1 : a typically cylindrical vessel for catching, holding, or carrying liquids or solids
108
2 : something resembling a bucket: as a : the scoop of an excavating machine b : one of the receptacles on the
rim of a waterwheel c : one of the cups of an endless-belt conveyor d : one of the vanes of a turbine rotor
3 : BUCKETFUL
4 : BUCKET SEAT
5 : BASKET 3b
kåkl|as (4) 1. kūno dalis, jungianti galvą su liemeniu; priekinė jos dalis: Storas, plonas, ilgas k. Kabinasi už ~o.
Puolė ant ~o (apsikabino). Žiūri, ištiesę ~łs (susidomėję) 2. šnek. gerklė, ryklė: Vaikas ~ł mirė. Marti ~ź karti
(flk.).
3. prk. balsas: ~ą užėmė – neiššneka. Visu ~ł šaukia. 4. apykaklė: Marškinių k.
5.
kas
panašu
į
šią
kūno
dalį
(kokio
daikto
dalis):
Dalgio
k.
Butelio
k.
ą Į ~ą pilti (gerti svaigalus). Iki ~o (pakankamai, daug, sočiai). ~ą graužti (rieti)
Main Entry: 1neck
Pronunciation: \ˈnek\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English nekke, from Old English hnecca; akin to Old High German hnac nape
Date: before 12th century
1 a (1) : the part of an animal that connects the head with the body (2) : the siphon of a bivalve mollusk (as a
clam) b : the part of a garment that covers or is next to the neck
2 : a relatively narrow part suggestive of a neck: as a (1) : the constricted end of a bottle (2) : the slender
proximal end of a fruit b : CERVIX 2 c : the part of a stringed musical instrument extending from the body and
supporting the fingerboard and strings d : a narrow stretch of land e : STRAIT 1b f : the part of a tooth between
the crown and the root — see TOOTH ILLUSTRATION g : a column of solidified magma of a volcanic pipe or
laccolith
3 : a narrow margin <won by a neck>
4 : REGION, PART <my neck of the woods>
kélm|as (3) 1. apatinė medžio (ar kito augalo) kamieno dalis su šaknimis: Miškas iškirstas, likę vieni ~a¤, ~ģliai.
2. keras, krūmas, augalas su kamienu ir šaknimis: Serbentų k. Daug bulvių ~ź. Javai iš ~o virsta (labai geri).
3. etnogr. skobtinis avilys; bičių šeima, bitės: Gavo bičių ~ą. 4. prk. šeima, giminė: Jie vieno ~o.
5. arklo, verpiamojo ratelio ar šiaip kurio padargo pagrindas, prie kurio pritvirtintos kitos dalys.
6. muz., etnogr. mušamasis instrumentas – medinis graižas (seniau – išskobtas kelmas), užtrauktas oda.
7. b. menk. apsileidęs, nerangus žmogus: Jis tikras k. Apsileidęs kaip k. … Gyvas k. (labai daug). ~a¤s krauti
(keikti). ~a¤ nematė (tiek to). K. žino. (nežinia). Kuris k. (klausiant nustebus, supykus). Ne iš ~o spirtas
(nekvailas). Neraus k. (negriebs galas). Po ~a¤s (keiksmas). Po ~u augęs (kvailas)
Main Entry: 1stump
Pronunciation: \ˈstəmp\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English stumpe; akin to Old High German stumpf stump and perhaps to Middle English
stampen to stamp
Date: 14th century
1 a : the basal portion of a bodily part remaining after the rest is removed b : a rudimentary or vestigial bodily
part
2 : the part of a plant and especially a tree remaining attached to the root after the trunk is cut
3 : a remaining part : STUB
4 : one of the pointed rods stuck in the ground to form a cricket wicket
5 : a place or occasion for public speaking (as for a cause or candidate); also : the circuit followed by a maker of
such speeches —used especially in the phrase on the stump
kablys (4) 1. lenktu galu kuolelis kam užkabinti, pakabinti, vąšas: Kepurę ant kåblio pakabink.
2. žr. kanabėkas. 3. įrankis linams iš markos traukti ar degėsiams ardyti
109
Main Entry: 1hook
Pronunciation: \ˈhu̇k\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hōc; akin to Middle Dutch hoec fishhook, corner, Lithuanian
kengė hook
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a curved or bent device for catching, holding, or pulling b : something intended to attract and ensnare c :
ANCHOR
1
2 : something curved or bent like a hook; especially plural : FINGERS
3 : a flight or course of a ball that deviates from straight in a direction opposite to the dominant hand of the
player propelling it; also : a ball following such a course — compare SLICE
4 : a short blow delivered with a circular motion by a boxer while the elbow remains bent and rigid
5 : HOOK SHOT
6 : BUTTONHOOK
7 : quick or summary removal —used with get or give <the pitcher got the hook after giving up three runs>
8 : a device especially in music or writing that catches the attention
9 : a selling point or marketing scheme
10 : CRADLE 1b(2)
— by hook or by crook : by any means
— off the hook 1 : out of trouble
— 2 : free of responsibility or accountability
— on one's own hook : by oneself : INDEPENDENTLY
kail|is (1) plaukuota gyvulio oda: Avies, vilko, šuns, lapės k. Skreba kaip senas k. | prk.: Neteisk kito, kol jo ~yje
(padėtyje) nesi buvęs. … Devynis ~ius lupti (išnaudoti). Į ~į duoti, krėsti, pilti (mušti). Į ~į gauti (būti
mušamam). Į ~į įdėti (prilupti). Iš ~io nertis (labai stengtis). ~į austi, dirti, engti, kaišti, karšti, kedenti, mauti,
nerti, rumžti, skusti, šukuoti, vėtyti (mušti, perti). ~į išdirbti, išdulkinti, išengti, iškaršti, išlupti, išpliekti,
išprausti, ištaisyti, išvanoti, išvelėti, nukaršti, nulupti, numauti (prilupti, išperti). ~į įduoti, įkišti (pakliūti į bėdą).
~į išversti (niek. pakeisti pažiūras, įsitikinimus). ~į nešti (sprukti). ~į sukti (gelbėtis). K. šiaušiasi (labai baisu).
Nedoro ~io (piktas). Sveiką ~į išnešti (laimingai iš pavojaus, iš bėdos išsisukti). Vilkas avies ~iu (apsimetęs
geras)
Main Entry: 2fur
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Date: 14th century
1 : a piece of the dressed pelt of an animal used to make, trim, or line wearing apparel
2 : an article of clothing made of or with fur
3 : the hairy coat of a mammal especially when fine, soft, and thick; also : such a coat with the skin
4 : a coating resembling fur: as a : a coat of epithelial debris on the tongue b : the thick pile of a fabric (as
chenille)
— fur·less \ˈfər-ləs\ adjective
kaim|as (1) valstiečių gyvenamoji ir darbo vieta, sodžius: Jis ~e gimęs ir augęs. Jų didelis k. ~ai išgražėjo. |
prk.: Subėgo visas k.
Main Entry: vil·lage
Pronunciation: \ˈvi-lij\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French vilage, from vil manorial estate, farmstead, from Latin villa
Date: 14th century
110
1 a : a settlement usually larger than a hamlet and smaller than a town b : an incorporated minor municipality
2 : the residents of a village
3 : something (as an aggregation of burrows or nests) suggesting a village
4 : a territorial area having the status of a village especially as a unit of local government
kaimyn|as, ~ė dkt. (1) gretimas gyventojas; gretimas žmogus: ~ai vienas kitam padeda. K. artimesnis už
giminaitį (flk.)
Main Entry: 1neigh·bor
Pronunciation: \ˈnā-bər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English nēahgebūr (akin to Old High German nāhgibūr); akin to Old
English nēah near and Old English gebūr dweller — more at NIGH, BOOR
Date: before 12th century
1 : one living or located near another
2 : FELLOW MAN
kain|a (1) 1. vertė pinigais: Kokia k. šitų obuolių? Didmeninė, mažmeninė, valstybinė, rinkos, k. Didelės, mažos,
~os. ~os kyla, krinta, mažėja, didėja. Numušti ~ą. 2. prk. nuostolis, netektis ko nors siekiant: Priešą reikėjo
sulaikyti bet kokia ~a
Main Entry: 1price
Pronunciation: \ˈprīs\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English pris, from Anglo-French, from Latin pretium price, money; probably akin to
Sanskrit prati- against, in return — more at PROSDate: 13th century
1 archaic : VALUE, WORTH
2 a : the quantity of one thing that is exchanged or demanded in barter or sale for another b : the amount of
money
given
or
set
as
consideration
for
the
sale
of
a
specified
thing
3 : the terms for the sake of which something is done or undertaken: as a : an amount sufficient to bribe one
<believed every man had his price> b : a reward for the apprehension or death of a person <an outlaw with a
price on his head>
4 : the cost at which something is obtained <the price of freedom is restraint — J. Irwin Miller>
kakavā (2)
1. kakavmedžio sėklų (pupelių) išspaudų milteliai. 2. gėrimas iš tų miltelių
Main Entry: ca·cao
Pronunciation: \kə-ˈkau̇, kə-ˈkā-(ˌ)ō\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural cacaos
Etymology: Spanish, from Nahuatl cacahuatl
Date: 1555
1 : the dried partly fermented fatty seeds of a South American evergreen tree (Theobroma cacao of the family
Sterculiaceae) that are used in making cocoa, chocolate, and cocoa butter —called also cacao bean, cocoa bean
2 : a tree having small yellowish flowers followed by fleshy pods from which cacao is obtained
[CACAO ILLUSTRATION
111
kaklåraišt|is
ant marškinių apykaklės dėl gražumo rišamas raištis: Užsirišo ~į
(1)
Main Entry: neck·tie
Pronunciation: \-ˌtī\
Function: noun
Date: 1838
: a narrow length of material worn about the neck and tied in front; especially : FOUR-IN-HAND
kakt|ā (4) 1. veido dalis aukščiau akių: Aukšta, žema k. Suraukė kåktą. Nubraukė plaukus, prakaitą nuo ~õs. Ant
~õs neparašyta, kas per žmogus. ~ā sienos nepramuši (flk.). Iš ~õs sviesto netepsi (flk. patariama nesižavėti vien
grožiu).
2. krosnies angos viršutinė dalis: Paišinas kaip krosnies k. Padėjo malkų po ~ā
Main Entry: fore·head
Pronunciation: \ˈfär-əd, ˈfȯr-; ˈfȯr-ˌhed also -ˌed\
Function: noun
Date: before 12th century
1 : the part of the face above the eyes
2 : the front or forepart of something <flames in the forehead of the morning sky — John Milton>
kåktusas (1) bot. dykumų ir pusdykumių, auginamas ir vazonuose mėsingas, belapis, dygliuotas augalas
(Cactus)
Main Entry: cac·tus
Pronunciation: \ˈkak-təs\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural cac·ti \-ˌtī, -(ˌ)tē\ or cac·tus·es also cactus
Etymology: New Latin, genus name, from Latin, cardoon, from Greek kaktos
Date: 1767
: any of a family (Cactaceae, the cactus family) of plants that have succulent stems and branches with scales or
spines instead of leaves and are found especially in dry areas (as deserts)
kalakłt|as (2) didelis naminis paukštis ryškiomis plunksnomis, laikomas daugiausia mėsai (Meleagris gallopavo
domesticus), kurkinas: K. burbuliuoja. Pasipūtęs kaip k. Po šimts ~ų! (švelnus keiksmas)
Main Entry: tur·key
Pronunciation: \ˈtər-kē\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural turkeys
Etymology: Turkey, country in western Asia and southeastern Europe; from confusion with the guinea fowl,
supposed to be imported from Turkish territory
Date: 1555
1 plural also turkey : a large North American gallinaceous bird (Meleagris gallopavo) that is domesticated in
most parts of the world
2 : FAILURE, FLOP; especially : a theatrical production that has failed
3 : three successive strikes in bowling
4 : a stupid, foolish, or inept person
[TURKEY ILLUSTRATION
112
kalendõrius
(2)
1.
visų
metų
dienų
sisteminis
sąrašas:
Stalo,
sieninis
k.
2. laiko skaičiavimo sistema, pagrįsta periodiniais gamtos reiškiniais: Julijaus k. Grigaliaus k.
3. atskirų darbų, veiksmų išdėstymas pagal laiką: Žemės ūkio darbų k.
Main Entry: 1cal·en·dar
Pronunciation: \ˈka-lən-dər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English calender, from Anglo-French or Medieval Latin; Anglo-French kalender, from
Medieval Latin kalendarium, from Latin, moneylender's account book, from kalendae calends
Date: 13th century
1 : a system for fixing the beginning, length, and divisions of the civil year and arranging days and longer
divisions of time (as weeks and months) in a definite order — see MONTH TABLE
2 : a tabular register of days according to a system usually covering one year and referring the days of each
month to the days of the week
3 : an orderly list: as a : a list of cases to be tried in court b : a list of bills or other items reported out of
committee for consideration by a legislative assembly c : a list or schedule of planned events or activities giving
dates
and
details
4 British : a university catalog
kalmar|as (2) zool. didelis, pailgas šiltųjų jūrų valgomas galvakojis moliuskas be išorinės kriauklės, ilgais
čiuptuvais, didelėmis akimis. ~ai dgs. (2) zool. jų pobūris (Teuthoidea)
Main Entry: 1squid
Pronunciation: \ˈskwid\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural squid or squids
Etymology: origin unknown
Date: 1613
: any of an order (Teuthoidea) of cephalopods having eight short arms and two usually longer tentacles, a long
tapered body, a caudal fin on each side, and usually a slender internal chitinous support
kaln|as (3) 1. geogr. aukštas žemės pakilimas: Kopti, leistis nuo ~o. ~o viršūnė, papėdė. Į ~ą važiuoti, lipti,
kopti. Ant ~o sunku užlipti. ~ź rugius pjovėme. Ledų k. Lydi motinėlę į ~ģlį (į kapus). Nedidelis ~iłkas. Aš jam ~ą
pyliau, jis man duobę kasė (flk.). Nuslinko kaip k. nuo pečių (palengvėjo). 2. prk. ko nors daugybė: Knygų ~a¤.
ą ~us nuversti (daug darbo padaryti). Ne už ~‹ (netoli)
Main Entry: moun·tain
Pronunciation: \ˈmau̇n-tən\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French muntaine, from Vulgar Latin *montanea, from feminine of
*montaneus of a mountain, alteration of Latin montanus, from mont-, mons
Date: 13th century
1 a : a landmass that projects conspicuously above its surroundings and is higher than a hill b : an elongated
ridge
2 a : a great mass b : a vast number or quantity
kalv|ā (4)
geogr. neaukšta pakili vieta: Nuo ~õs toliau matyti. Pasistatė namus ant ~łtės
Main Entry: 1hill
113
Pronunciation: \ˈhil\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hyll; akin to Latin collis hill, culmen top
Date: before 12th century
1 : a usually rounded natural elevation of land lower than a mountain
2 : an artificial heap or mound (as of earth)
3 : several seeds or plants planted in a group rather than a row
4 : SLOPE, INCLINE
kalv|is (1)
kas verčiasi metalo kalimo amatu: K. ratus apkaustė. Mano tėvelis buvo ~ģlis (d.). | prk.: Kiekvienas žmogus
savo laimės k. (flk)
Main Entry: smith
Pronunciation: \ˈsmith\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English; akin to Old High German smid smith and probably to Greek
smilē wood-carving knife
Date: before 12th century
1 : a worker in metals : BLACKSMITH
2 : MAKER —often used in combination <gunsmith> <tunesmith>
kamīenas (1)
1. medžio ar krūmo stiebo dalis iki šaknų: Ąžuolo, beržo k.
2. lingv. žodžio dalis be galūnės
Main Entry: trunk
Pronunciation: \ˈtrəŋk\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English trunke Anglo-French trunc, trunke, from Latin truncus trunk, torso
Date: 15th century
1 a : the main stem of a tree apart from limbs and roots —called also bole b (1) : the human or animal body apart
from the head and appendages : TORSO (2) : the thorax of an insect c : the central part of anything; specifically :
the shaft of a column or pilaster
2 a (1) : a large rigid piece of luggage used usually for transporting clothing and personal effects (2) : the
luggage compartment of an automobile b (1) : a superstructure over a ship's hatches usually level with the poop
deck (2) : the part of the cabin of a boat projecting above the deck (3) : the housing for a centerboard or rudder
3 : PROBOSCIS; especially : the long muscular proboscis of the elephant
4 plural : men's shorts worn chiefly for sports <swimming trunks>
5 a : a usually major channel or passage (as a chute or shaft) b : a circuit between two telephone exchanges for
making connections between subscribers; broadly : a usually electronic path over which information is
transmitted (as between computer systems)
6 a : the principal channel or main body of a system or part that divides into branches <a nerve trunk> <the trunk
of a river> b : TRUNK LINE
— trunk·ful \ˈtrənk-ˌfu̇l\ noun
kanóp|a (1) 1. arklio naga: ~ų bildesys. ~omis kasti. 2. zool. žolėdžių žinduolių pakitusių pirštų darinys, kuriuo
remiasi koja (ungula). ~as nukratyti (užversti) (nudvėsti)
Main Entry: 1hoof
Pronunciation: \huf, hüf\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural hooves \hüvz, huvz\ also hoofs
114
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hōf; akin to Old High German huof hoof, Sanskrit śapha
Date: before 12th century
1 : a curved covering of horn that protects the front of or encloses the ends of the digits of an ungulate mammal
and that corresponds to a nail or claw
2 : a hoofed foot especially of a horse
— on the hoof of a meat animal : before butchering : LIVING <90¢ a pound on the hoof>
[HOOF ILLUSTRATION
kap|as (4) vieta, kur numirėlis palaidotas; toje vietoje sukastas žemių kauburys: Supilti ~ą. Vainikus uždėjo ant
~o. Aukštam ~ģlyje guli mano tėvelis (d.)
Main Entry: 2grave
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English græf; akin to Old High German grab grave, Old English grafan
to dig
Date: before 12th century
1 : an excavation for burial of a body; broadly : a burial place
2 a : DEATH 1a b : DEATH 4
kapitõn|as, ~ė dkt. (2) 1. aukščiausiasis jaunesniųjų karininkų laipsnis; tą laipsnį turintis asmuo.
2. civilinio laivo vadas. 3. sport. iš sportininkų renkamas komandos atstovas ir vadovas per varžybas
Main Entry: 1cap·tain
Pronunciation: \kap-tən also kap-əm\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English capitane, from Anglo-French capitain, from Late Latin capitaneus, adjective &
noun, chief, from Latin capit-, caput head — more at HEAD
Date: 14th century
1 a (1) : a military leader : the commander of a unit or a body of troops (2) : a subordinate officer commanding
under a sovereign or general (3) : a commissioned officer in the army, air force, or marine corps ranking above a
first lieutenant and below a major b (1) : a naval officer who is master or commander of a ship (2) : a
commissioned officer in the navy ranking above a commander and below a commodore and in the coast guard
ranking above a commander and below a rear admiral c : a senior pilot who commands the crew of an airplane d
: an officer in a police department or fire department in charge of a unit (as a precinct or company) and usually
ranking above a lieutenant and below a chief
2 : one who leads or supervises: as a : a leader of a sports team or side b : HEADWAITER c : a person in charge
of hotel bellhops —called also bell captain
3 : a person of importance or influence in a field <captains of industry>
— cap·tain·cy \kap-tən-sē\ noun
— cap·tain·ship \-ship\ noun
karål|ius (2) 1. kai kurių kraštų valdovo titulas; tą titulą turintis asmuo: Švedijos k. ~iumi deda. ~iaus sostas.
2. paveikslinė keturių akių korta. 3. vyriausia šachmatų figūra. 4. prk. kapitalistas, valdantis kurią nors pramonės
ar prekybos šaką: Naftos k.
Main Entry: king
Pronunciation: \kiŋ\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English cyning; akin to Old High German kuning king, Old English cynn
kin
Date: before 12th century
115
1 a : a male monarch of a major territorial unit; especially : one whose position is hereditary and who rules for
life b : a paramount chief
2 capitalized : GOD, CHRIST
3 : one that holds a preeminent position; especially : a chief among competitors
4 : the principal piece of each color in chess having the power to move ordinarily one square in any direction and
to capture opposing pieces but being obliged never to enter or remain in check
5 : a playing card marked with a stylized figure of a king
6 : a checker that has been crowned
7 : CHINOOK SALMON
karalīenė (1) 1. karaliaus žmona. 2. moteris valdovė: Anglijos 3. žr. valdovas 3 ™ Nakties k. (bot. kaktusas,
žydintis tik vieną naktį, Selenicereus grandiflorus)
Main Entry: 1queen
Pronunciation: \kwēn\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English quene, from Old English cwēn woman, wife, queen; akin to Gothic qens wife, Greek
gynē woman, Sanskrit jani
Date: before 12th century
1 a : the wife or widow of a king b : the wife or widow of a tribal chief
2 a : a female monarch b : a female chieftain
3 a : a woman eminent in rank, power, or attractions <a movie queen> b : a goddess or a thing personified as
female and having supremacy in a specified realm c : an attractive girl or woman; especially : a beauty contest
winner
4 : the most privileged piece of each color in a set of chessmen having the power to move in any direction across
any number of unoccupied squares
5 : a playing card marked with a stylized figure of a queen
6 : the fertile fully developed female of social bees, ants, and termites whose function is to lay eggs
7 : a mature female cat kept especially for breeding
8 often disparaging : a male homosexual; especially : an effeminate one
kar|as (4) ginkluotas susidūrimas tarp valstybių ar visuomenės klasių, sluoksnių: Didysis k. Pilietinis k.
Gynybinis k. Grobiamasis k. Paskelbti, laimėti ~ą. Žūti ~ź. ~o aviacija. ~o tarnyba. ~o lauko teismas. ~o
ligoninė. Broliai į ~łžį (~ģlį) išjojo (d.). | prk.: Šaltasis k. (agresyvi politika, grasinanti taikai)
Main Entry: 1war
Pronunciation: \wor\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English werre, from Anglo-French werre, guerre, of Germanic origin; akin to Old High
German werra strife; akin to Old High German werran to confuse
Date: 12th century
1 a (1) : a state of usually open and declared armed hostile conflict between states or nations (2) : a period of
such armed conflict (3) : STATE OF WAR b : the art or science of warfare c (1) obsolete : weapons and equipment
for war (2) archaic : soldiers armed and equipped for war
2 a : a state of hostility, conflict, or antagonism b : a struggle or competition between opposing forces or for a
particular end <a class war> <a war against disease> c : VARIANCE, ODDS 3
— war·less \-ləs\ adjective
karpa (1) 1. nedidelė odos atauga,
2. medžio žievės ar lapo sukietėjęs iškilimas
pakilęs
odos
sukietėjimas:
Ant
rankos
k.
auga.
Main Entry: wart
116
Pronunciation: \wort\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English wearte; akin to Old High German warza wart, Old Church Slavic
vrědŭ injury
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a horny projection on the skin usually of the extremities produced by proliferation of the skin papillae and
caused by any of numerous human papillomaviruses —called also verruca vulgaris b : any of numerous similar
skin lesions not caused by viruses
2 : an excrescence or protuberance resembling a true wart; especially : a glandular excrescence or hardened
protuberance on a plant
3 a : one that suggests a wart especially in smallness, unpleasantness, or unattractiveness b : DEFECT,
IMPERFECTION —often used in the phrase warts and all
— wart·ed \wor-təd\ adjective
— wart·less \wort-ləs\ adjective
— warty \wor-tē\ adjective
karv|ė (1) 1. stambus raguotas gyvulys, laikomas pienui ir mėsai: Melžiama, bergždžia k. K. užtrūko. K. antru
veršiu. Be ~ės pasninkas, be avies šalta (flk.). ~elźs, ~utźs ganiau. 2. b. prk. niek. nevikrus žmogus ar gyvulys.
™ Jūrų k. (zool. išnaikintas šiaurės jūrų žinduolis; Hydrodamalis stelleri)
Main Entry: 1cow
Pronunciation: \kau\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English cou, from Old English cū; akin to Old High German kuo cow, Latin bos head of
cattle, Greek bous, Sanskrit go
Date: before 12th century
1 a : the mature female of cattle (genus Bos) b : the mature female of various usually large animals (as an
elephant, whale, or moose)
2 : a domestic bovine animal regardless of sex or age
— cowy \-ē\ adjective
[COW ILLUSTRATION]
kaul|as (1) kuri nors griaučių dalis: Rankos, kojos, piršto k. Smulkių ~ų (smulki) mergina. Šuo graužia ~ą.
Pirkau mėsos su ~u. Liko vieni ~ai (labai sulyso). D Dramblio k. (iltis). … Į ~us duoti (mušti). Iki gyvo k. (labai)
įsiėsti. ~us padžiauti (pakratyti) (menk. numirti, nudvėsti). Vieno ~o (nerangus)
Main Entry: 1bone
Pronunciation: \ˈbōn\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English bon, from Old English bān; akin to Old High German & Old Norse bein bone, and
perhaps to Old Irish benaid he hews
Date: before 12th century
1 a : one of the hard parts of the skeleton of a vertebrate b : any of various hard animal substances or structures
(as baleen or ivory) akin to or resembling bone c : the hard largely calcareous connective tissue of which the
adult skeleton of most vertebrates is chiefly composed
2 a : ESSENCE, CORE <cut costs to the bone> <a liberal to the bone> b : the most deeply ingrained part : HEART
—usually used in plural <knew in his bones that it was wrong>
3 plural a (1) : SKELETON (2) : BODY <rested my weary bones> (3) : CORPSE <inter a person's bones> b : the
basic design or framework (as of a play or novel)
4 : MATTER, SUBJECT <a bone of contention>
117
5 a plural : thin bars of bone, ivory, or wood held in pairs between the fingers and used to produce musical
rhythms b : a strip of material (as whalebone or steel) used to stiffen a garment (as a corset) c plural : DICE
6 : something that is designed to placate : SOP
7 : a light beige
8 : INCLINATION 1b <hadn't a political bone in his body — John Hersey>
9 slang : DOLLAR
— boned \ˈbōnd\ adjective
— bone·less \ˈbōn-ləs\ adjective
— bone to pick : a matter to argue or complain about
kav|ā (4)
1. kavamedžio vaisiai (pupelės); jų pakaitalas: ~õs pupelės. Malta k. Tirpioji k. K. su cikorija. Gilių k.
2. kavamedžio pupelių ar jų pakaitalo gėrimas: Juoda, baltinta k. Stipri, saldi k., ~łtė. Prašom tris ~õs
Main Entry: cof·fee
Pronunciation: \ko-fē, kä-\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Italian & Turkish; Italian caffè, from Turkish kahve, from Arabic qahwa
Date: 1598
1 a : a beverage made by percolation, infusion, or decoction from the roasted and ground seeds of a coffee plant
b : any of several Old World tropical plants (genus Coffea and especially C. arabica and C. canephora) of the
madder family that are widely cultivated in warm regions for their seeds from which coffee is prepared c : coffee
seeds especially roasted and often ground — compare ARABICA, ROBUSTA d : a dehydrated product made from
brewed coffee <instant coffee>; also : a beverage made from this
2 : a cup of coffee <two coffees>
3 : COFFEE HOUR
[COFFEE ILLUSTRATION]
kéln|ės dgs. (1)
ant juosmens ir kojų dėvimas drabužis: ~ėmis (~es) apsimauti. Apatinės, viršutinės k. Plačios, siauros k.
… Be ~ių likti (nusigyventi). ~es numauti (apgauti). Ne į ~es kišamas (drąsus, narsus)
Main Entry: 3pant
Function: noun
Etymology: short for pantaloons
Date: 1840
1 : an outer garment covering each leg separately and usually extending from the waist to the ankle —usually
used in plural
2 plural chiefly British : men's underpants
3 plural : PANTIE
— with one's pants down : in an embarrassing position (as of being unprepared to act)
kengūrā (2) zool. Australijos sterblinis žinduolis: Raudonoji k. (Macropus rufus)
Main Entry: kan·ga·roo
Pronunciation: \kaŋ-gə-rü\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural kan·ga·roos
118
Etymology: Guugu Yimidhirr (Australian aboriginal language of northern Queensland) gaŋurru
Date: 1770
: any of various herbivorous leaping marsupial mammals (family Macropodidae) of Australia, New Guinea, and
adjacent islands with a small head, large ears, long powerful hind legs, a long thick tail used as a support and in
balancing, and rather small forelegs not used in locomotion
[KANGAROO ILLUSTRATION]
kepal|as (3b) apskritas arba pailgas duonos ar pyrago kepinys: Bemeilydamas ~o, nustosi ir riekės (flk.). ~ćitis,
~iłkas duonos
Main Entry: 1loaf
Pronunciation: \lōf\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural loaves \lōvz\
Etymology: Middle English lof, from Old English hlāf; akin to Old High German hleib loaf
Date: before 12th century
1 : a shaped or molded mass of bread
2 : a shaped or molded often symmetrical mass of food
3 slang British : HEAD, MIND
kepen|ys, ~‹ m. (3b) anat. stambiausia virškinimo liauka, išskirianti tulžį (Hepar)
Main Entry: 1liv·er
Pronunciation: \li-vər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English lifer; akin to Old High German lebra liver
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a large very vascular glandular organ of vertebrates that secretes bile and causes important changes in many
of the substances contained in the blood (as by converting sugars into glycogen which it stores up until required
and by forming urea) b : any of various large compound glands associated with the digestive tract of invertebrate
animals and probably concerned with the secretion of digestive enzymes
2 archaic : a determinant of the quality or temper of a man
3 : the liver of an animal (as a calf or chicken) eaten as food
4 : a grayish reddish brown —called also liver brown, liver maroon
keptuvė (2), keptuvė (3b)
plokščias metalinis indas sklindžiams, mėsai ir kt. kepti
Main Entry: 1pan
Pronunciation: \pan\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English panne, from Old English (akin to Old High German phanna pan), from Latin patina,
from Greek patanē
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a usually broad, shallow, and open container for domestic use (as for cooking) b : any of various similar
usually metal receptacles: as (1) : the hollow part of the lock in a firelock or flintlock gun that receives the
priming (2) : either of the receptacles in a pair of scales (3) : a round shallow usually metal container for
separating metal (as gold) from waste by washing c British : TOILET 3b; also : BOWL 3b d : STEEL DRUM
2 a (1) : a natural basin or depression in land (2) : a similar artificial basin (as for evaporating brine) b : a
drifting fragment of the flat thin ice that forms in bays or along the shore
3 : HARDPAN 1
4 slang : FACE
5 : a harsh criticism
119
kiaul|ė (2)
1. gyvulys, laikomas mėsai, lašiniams, taukams: K. kriuksi, žviegia. K. krekiasi. Tyli k. gilią šaknį knisa (flk.).
Kokios ~ės, tokios dešros (flk.).
2. b. prk. niek. nemandagus, begėdis, nešvarus žmogus: Nebūk toks k.!
3. toks kortų žaidimas.
… ~ės akis turėti (nieko nesigėdyti). ~ę mušti (į dvarą varyti) (žaisti tokį vaikų žaidimą). Ne mūsų ~ės, ne mūsų
pupos (ne mūsų reikalas)
Main Entry: 1pig
Pronunciation: \pig\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English pigge
Date: 13th century
1 a : a young domesticated swine not yet sexually mature; broadly : a wild or domestic swine b : an animal
related to or resembling the pig
2 a : PORK b : the dressed carcass of a young swine weighing less than 130 pounds (60 kilograms) c : PIGSKIN
3 : a dirty, gluttonous, or repulsive person
4 : a crude casting of metal (as iron)
5 slang : an immoral woman
6 slang usually disparaging : POLICE OFFICER
— pig·like \-līk\ adjective
kiaušķn|is (2) moteriškosios lyties gyvių (ppr. paukščių) padedamas gemalas, dažniausiai su maisto atsarga ir
lukštu: Žąsies, vištos k. Višta su ~ił (greit dės). K. vištą moko (flk. jaunesnis vyresnį). Eina kaip su ~ił ant galvos
(lėtai, tiesiai, galvos nejudindamas)
Main Entry: 2egg
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English egge, from Old Norse egg; akin to Old English æg egg, Latin ovum, Greek ōion
Date: 14th century
1 a : the hard-shelled reproductive body produced by a bird and especially by the common domestic chicken;
also : its contents used as food b : an animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum together with its nutritive
and protective envelopes and having the capacity to develop into a new individual capable of independent
existence
c
:
OVUM
2 : something resembling an egg
3 : PERSON, SORT <a good egg>
— egg·less adjective
— eggy \e-gē, ā-\ adjective
— egg on one's face : a state of embarrassment or humiliation
[EGG ILLUSTRATION]
kilimas (1) 1. ant grindų tiesiamas, ant sienų kabinamas sunkus spalvotas audeklas: Išsiuvinėtas, raštuotas k.
Persiškas k. 2. prk. apdangalas (apie sniegą, žolę, gėles)
Main Entry: car·pet
Pronunciation: \kär-pət\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French carpite, from Old Italian carpita, from carpire to pluck,
modification of Latin carpere to pluck — more at HARVEST
Date: 15th century
1 : a heavy often tufted fabric used as a floor covering; also : a floor covering made of this fabric
2 : a surface or layer resembling or suggesting a carpet
120
— carpet transitive verb
— on the carpet : before an authority for censure or reproof <got called on the carpet by his boss>
kišen|ė (2)
1. drabužyje įsiūtas maišelis smulkiems daiktams susikišti: Liemenės, švarko, kelnių k. Pinigus į ~ę įsidėk.
2. prk. išteklius: Gyvena iš tėvo ~ės. Gyventi ne pagal ~ę.
… Į ~ę nedėk (nepagrįstai negirk). Į ~ę įkristi, sulįsti (prasiskolinti). ~ę grandyti (leisti paskutinius pinigus). ~ės
pučiasi (auga pajamos). ~ėje sėdėti (būti prasiskolinusiam). Per ~ę suduoti (pareikalauti daug išlaidų). Stora k.
(pinigingas)
Main Entry: 1pock·et
Pronunciation: \pä-kət\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English poket, from Anglo-French poket, pochete, diminutive of poke, pouche bag — more
at POUCH
Date: 15th century
1 a : a small bag carried by a person : PURSE b : a small bag that is sewed or inserted in a garment so that it is
open at the top or side <coat pocket>
2 : supply of money : MEANS
3 : RECEPTACLE, CONTAINER: as a : an opening at the corner or side of a billiard table b : a superficial pouch in
some animals
4 : a small often isolated area or group <pockets of unemployment>: a : a cavity containing a deposit (as of gold,
water, or gas) b : AIR POCKET
5 : a place for a batten made by sewing a strip on a sail
6 a : BLIND ALLEY b : the position of a contestant in a race hemmed in by others c : an area formed by blockers
from which a football quarterback attempts to pass
7 : the concave area at the base of the finger sections of a baseball glove or mitt in which the ball is normally
caught
— pock·et·ful \-ful\ noun
— in one's pocket : in one's control or possession
— in pocket 1 : provided with funds
— 2 : in the position of having made a profit
— out of pocket 1 : low on money or funds
— 2 : having suffered a loss
— 3 : from cash on hand
klaid|ā (4)
nukrypimas nuo taisyklės, nuo tiesos: Spaudos, rašybos, skaičiavimo, korektūros k. Ištaisyti ~ās. Padaryti
kla¤dą. Be ~‹ dirbti. Didelė, šiurkšti k. Iš ~‹ mokomės
Main Entry: er·ror
Pronunciation: \er-ər, e-rər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English errour, from Anglo-French, from Latin error, from errare
Date: 13th century
1 a : an act or condition of ignorant or imprudent deviation from a code of behavior b : an act involving an
unintentional deviation from truth or accuracy <made an error in adding up the bill> c : an act that through
ignorance, deficiency, or accident departs from or fails to achieve what should be done <an error in judgment>:
as (1) : a defensive misplay other than a wild pitch or passed ball made by a baseball player when normal play
would have resulted in an out or prevented an advance by a base runner (2) : the failure of a player (as in tennis)
to make a successful return of a ball during play d : a mistake in the proceedings of a court of record in matters
of
law
or
of
fact
2 a : the quality or state of erring <the map is in error> b Christian Science : illusion about the nature of reality
that is the cause of human suffering : the contradiction of truth c : an instance of false belief
3 : something produced by mistake <a typographical error>; especially : a postage stamp exhibiting a consistent
flaw (as a wrong color) in its manufacture
121
4 a : the difference between an observed or calculated value and a true value; specifically : variation in
measurements, calculations, or observations of a quantity due to mistakes or to uncontrollable factors b : the
amount of deviation from a standard or specification
5 : a deficiency or imperfection in structure or function <an error of metabolism>
— er·ror·less \-ləs\ adjective
synonyms ERROR, MISTAKE, BLUNDER, SLIP, LAPSE mean a departure from what is true, right, or proper.
ERROR suggests the existence of a standard or guide and a straying from the right course through failure to make
effective use of this <procedural errors>. MISTAKE implies misconception or inadvertence and usually expresses
less criticism than error <dialed the wrong number by mistake>. BLUNDER regularly imputes stupidity or
ignorance as a cause and connotes some degree of blame <diplomatic blunders>. SLIP stresses inadvertence or
accident and applies especially to trivial but embarrassing mistakes <a slip of the tongue>. LAPSE stresses
forgetfulness, weakness, or inattention as a cause <a lapse in judgment>.
klausim|as (1)
1. kreipimasis, reikalaujantis atsakymo ar paaiškinimo: Kokie ~ai, tokie ir atsakymai. Kelti, pateikti, duoti ~ą.
Atsakyti į ~ą.
2. uždavinys, problema: Kyla k. Iškelti ~ų. Sunkus k. Šie ~ai dar svarstomi
Main Entry: 1ques·tion
Pronunciation: \kwes-chən, kwesh-\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin quaestion-, quaestio, from quaerere to seek, ask
Date: 14th century
1 a (1) : an interrogative expression often used to test knowledge (2) : an interrogative sentence or clause b : a
subject or aspect in dispute or open for discussion : ISSUE; broadly : PROBLEM, MATTER c (1) : a subject or
point of debate or a proposition to be voted on in a meeting (2) : the bringing of such to a vote d : the specific
point
at
issue
2 a : an act or instance of asking : INQUIRY b : INTERROGATION; also : a judicial or official investigation c :
torture as part of an examination d (1) : OBJECTION, DISPUTE <true beyond question> (2) : room for doubt or
objection <little question of his skill> (3) : CHANCE, POSSIBILITY <no question of escape>
klijai dgs. (4)
lipni medžiaga kam nors sujungti: Medžio, popieriaus k.
Main Entry: 1glue
Pronunciation: \glü\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English glu, from Anglo-French, from Late Latin glut-, glus; akin to Latin gluten glue —
more at CLAY
Date: 14th century
1 a : any of various strong adhesive substances; especially : a hard protein chiefly gelatinous substance that
absorbs water to form a viscous solution with strong adhesive properties and that is obtained by cooking down
collagenous materials (as hides or bones) b : a solution of glue used for sticking things together
2 : something that binds together <enough social glue…to satisfy the human desire for community — E. D.
Hirsch, Jr.>
— glu·ey \glü-ē\ adjective
— glu·i·ly \glü-ə-lē\ adverb
knyg|ā (2)
1. susiūti popieriaus lapai su spausdintu tekstu; pats tas tekstas: Skaityti, vartyti knżgą. Spausdinti ~ās. Mažo
formato k. (~ģlė, ~łtė). Įdomi, rimta k. Vis prie knżgų sėdi (daug skaito) 2. susiūti tušti popieriaus lapai ar blankai
rašyti: Buhalterijos k. Namų k. Lankytojų k. Užrašų ~ģlė (~łtė). Taupomoji, čekių ~ģlė. 3. stambaus veikalo dalis:
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Veikalas susideda iš trijų knżgų. … Kaip iš knżgų (labai puikiai, sklandžiai) kalbėti. Knżgų kandis (menk. mokslo
žmogus)
Main Entry: 1book
Pronunciation: \buk\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English bōc; akin to Old High German buoh book, Gothic boka letter
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a set of written sheets of skin or paper or tablets of wood or ivory b : a set of written, printed, or blank
sheets bound together into a volume c : a long written or printed literary composition d : a major division of a
treatise or literary work e : a record of a business's financial transactions or financial condition —often used in
plural <the books show a profit> f : MAGAZINE 4a g : E-BOOK
2 capitalized : BIBLE 1
3 : something that yields knowledge or understanding <the great book of nature> <her face was an open book>
4 a (1) : the total available knowledge and experience that can be brought to bear on a task or problem <tried
every trick in the book> (2) : inside information or analysis <the book on him is that he can't hit a curveball> b :
the standards or authority relevant in a situation <run by the book>
5 a : all the charges that can be made against an accused person <threw the book at him> b : a position from
which one must answer for certain acts : ACCOUNT <bring criminals to book>
6 a : LIBRETTO b : the script of a play c : a book of arrangements for a musician or dance orchestra : musical
repertory
7 : a packet of items bound together like a book <a book of stamps> <a book of matches>
8 a : BOOKMAKER b : the bets registered by a bookmaker; also : the business or activity of giving odds and
taking
bets
9 : the number of tricks a cardplayer or side must win before any trick can have scoring value
— book·ful \buk-ful\ noun
— in one's book : in one's own opinion
— in one's good books : in favor with one
— one for the book : an act or occurrence worth noting
— on the books : on the records
kņkos|as
kokosinės palmės vaisius – didelis kaulavaisis: ~o pienas, aliejus
(1)
Main Entry: co·co·nut
Pronunciation: \kō-kə-()nət\
Function: noun
Date: 1516
1 : the drupaceous fruit of the coconut palm whose outer fibrous husk yields coir and whose nut contains thick
edible meat and coconut milk
2 : the edible meat of the coconut
kokteilis (2)
gėrimų mišinys su priedais: Pieno k. Svaigusis k.
Main Entry: 1cock·tail
Pronunciation: \käk-tāl\
Function: noun
Etymology: probably from 1cock + tail
Date: 1806
1 a : an iced drink of wine or distilled liquor mixed with flavoring ingredients b : something resembling or
suggesting such a drink as being a mixture of often diverse elements or ingredients <a cocktail of remembered
incidents and pure imagination — Charlotte Low> <a cocktail of herbicides> c : a mixture of agents usually in
solution that is taken or used together especially for medical treatment or diagnosis
2 : an appetizer served as a first course at a meal
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kópėč|ios dgs. (1)
kopimo, lipimo priemonė iš dviejų karčių ar virvių, sujungtų skersiniais: ~iomis lipti ant stogo. Virvinės k.
Main Entry: lad·der
Pronunciation: \ˈla-dər\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hlǣder; akin to Old High German leitara ladder, Old English
hlinian to lean — more at LEAN
Date: before 12th century
1 : a structure for climbing up or down that consists essentially of two long sidepieces joined at intervals by
crosspieces on which one may step
2 : something that resembles or suggests a ladder in form or use; especially : RUN 11a
3 : a series of usually ascending steps or stages : SCALE <climbing up the corporate ladder>
— lad·der·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
kopūst|as (2)
1. bot. kryžmažiedžių šeimos maistinis ir pašarinis daržų augalas (Brassica oleracea): Gūžinis k. (B. o. var.
capitata). Lapinis k. (B. o. var. acephala). Garbanotasis k. (B. o. var. sabauda). Baltieji ~ai. ~o galva.
2. gūžė: Minkštieji, kietieji ~ai. Galva kaip k. (prasta).
™ Kiškio (zuikio) k. (kiškiakopstis). Jūros ~ai (dumbliai laminarijos).
~ai dgs. (2) pjaustytos šios daržovės gūžės ar lapai; sriuba iš jų, kopūstienė: Statinė ~ams dėti (raugti). Išvalgė
lėkštę ~ų
Main Entry: 1cab·bage
Pronunciation: \ˈka-bij\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English caboche, from Middle French dial. (Norman & Picard), literally, head, noggin
Date: 15th century
1 a : any of several brassicas (Brassica oleracea) of European origin; especially : a leafy garden plant (Brassica
oleracea capitata) with a short stem and a dense globular head of usually green leaves that is used as a vegetable
b:
any of several plants related to or resembling cabbage
2 slang : MONEY, CASH
— cab·bagey also cab·bagy \-bə-jē\ adjective
krauj|as (4)
raudonas kraujotakos skystis, maitinantis audinius: Venų, arterijų k. ~o užkrėtimas. K. bėga, teka. K. mušė į
skruostus (iš gėdos, iš pykčio). Arklys gryno ~o (nemaišytos veislės). Raudonas kaip k.
… Iki paskutinio ~o lašo (visas jėgas, viską atiduodant). ~ą čiulpti (išnaudoti). ~ą gadinti (erzinti, jaudinti). ~ą
gerti (išnaudoti, varginti, kankinti). K. ir pienas (apie baltai rausvą veidą). K. kunkuliuoja (ima pyktis,
apmaudas). ~ą lakti (išnaudoti). ~ą lieti (kariauti). ~ą nuleisti (susilpninti jėgas). ~uosź paplukdyti (žiauriai
numalšinti). ~ą siurbti (išnaudoti). K. sustingo gyslose (apėmė didelė baimė). K. užvirė (suėmė didelis pyktis).
Paskutinį ~o lašą sunkti (labai engti). ~ł varva (labai raudonas, ppr. apie uogas). Per ~ą (didelėmis
pastangomis). Širdis ~ł verda (ima pyktis, noras keršyti). Vieno ~o (tos pačios giminės)
Main Entry: 1blood
Pronunciation: \bləd\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English blōd; akin to Old High German bluot blood
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Date: before 12th century
1 a (1) : the fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins of a vertebrate animal carrying
nourishment and oxygen to and bringing away waste products from all parts of the body (2) : a comparable fluid
of an invertebrate b : a fluid resembling blood
2 : the shedding of blood; also : the taking of life
3 a : LIFEBLOOD; broadly : LIFE b : human stock or lineage; especially : royal lineage <a prince of the blood> c
: relationship by descent from a common ancestor : KINSHIP d : persons related through common descent :
KINDRED e (1) : honorable or high birth or descent (2) : descent from parents of recognized breed or pedigree
4 a : blood regarded as the seat of the emotions : TEMPER b obsolete : LUST c : a showy foppish man : RAKE
5 : members of a team, staff, or organization : PERSONNEL <a company in need of new blood>
6 : a black American male —used especially among blacks
— in one's blood : ingrained in one's nature : occurring as an innate or seemingly hereditary principle,
inclination, or talent <with two parents who are painters, art is in her blood>
kreid|ā (4)
balta, ppr. minkšta, tam tikra klintis: (Su) ~ā lentoje rašome
Main Entry: 1chalk
Pronunciation: \chok\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English cealc, from Latin calc-, calx lime; akin to Greek chalix pebble
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a soft white, gray, or buff limestone composed chiefly of the shells of foraminifers b : a prepared form of
chalk or a material resembling chalk especially when used (as for writing on blackboards) as a crayon
2 a : a mark made with chalk b British : a point scored in a game
— chalky \cho-kē\ adjective
krokodil|as (2)
zool. didžiulis šarvuotas keturkojis plėšrus šiltųjų kraštų vandens roplys (Crocodylus): Nilo k. (C. niloticus).
™ ~o ašaros (veidmainiškas verksmas, nenuoširdus apgailestavimas)
Main Entry: croc·o·dile
Pronunciation: \krä-kə-dī(-ə)l\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English & Latin; Middle English cocodrille, from Anglo-French, from Medieval Latin
cocodrillus, alteration of Latin crocodilus, from Greek krokodilos lizard, crocodile, from krokē shingle, pebble +
drilos worm; akin to Sanskrit śarkara pebble
Date: 1555
1 a : any of several large carnivorous thick-skinned long-bodied aquatic reptiles (family Crocodylidae) of
tropical and subtropical waters; broadly : CROCODILIAN b : the skin or hide of a crocodile
2 chiefly British : a line of people (as schoolchildren) usually walking in pairs
[CROCODILE ILLUSTRATION]
kryž|ius (2)
1. stiebas su vienu ar keliais skersiniais viršutiniame gale – krikščionių tikėjimo simbolis: Bažnyčios bokšto k.
Kapų ~iai. Bijo kaip velnias ~iaus (labai bijo)
2. kryžmos formos ordinas.
3. kryžmų linijų figūra.
4.prk. nelaimė, kančia, vargas, rūpestis: Kiekvienam savo k. Tikras k. su juo gyventi
5. žr. kryžkaulis.
6. juodomis kryžių primenančiomis akimis žymima korta.
™ ~iaus karas (istor. katalikų bažnyčios paskelbtas karinis žygis prieš kitatikius). ~iaus kelias (bažn. kelias
Jeruzalėje, kurį ėjo nuteistas mirti Jėzus Kristus, ir stotimis suskirstyti jo vaizdai bažnyčiose ir šventoriuose).
Raudonasis K. (tarptautinė organizacija, teikianti medicinos pagalbą nukentėjusiems nuo stichinių nelaimių, karo
125
belaisviams,
sužeistiems
ligoniams
ir
kt.;
… ~iaus keliai (dideli rūpesčiai). ~ių nešti (sunkiai dirbti, vargti).
~iai dgs. (2) tokių kortų rūšis
šios
organizacijos
emblema).
Main Entry: 1cross
Pronunciation: \kros\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English, from Old Norse or Old Irish; Old Norse kross, from Old Irish
cros, from Latin cruc-, crux
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a structure consisting of an upright with a transverse beam used especially by the ancient Romans for
execution b often capitalized : the cross on which Jesus was crucified
2 a : CRUCIFIXION b : an affliction that tries one's virtue, steadfastness, or patience
3 : a cruciform sign made to invoke the blessing of Christ especially by touching the forehead, breast, and
shoulders
4 a : a device composed of an upright bar traversed by a horizontal one; specifically : one used as a Christian
symbol b capitalized : the Christian religion
5 : a structure (as a monument) shaped like or surmounted by a cross
6 : a figure or mark formed by two intersecting lines crossing at their midpoints; specifically : such a mark used
as
a
signature
7 : a cruciform badge, emblem, or decoration
8 : the intersection of two ways or lines : CROSSING
9 : ANNOYANCE, THWARTING <a cross in love>
10 a : an act of crossing dissimilar individuals b : a crossbred individual or kind c : one that combines
characteristics of two different types or individuals
11 a : a fraudulent or dishonest contest b : dishonest or illegal practices —used especially in the phrase on the
cross
12 : a movement from one part of a theater stage to another
13 a : a punch thrown over the opponent's lead in boxing b : an attacking pass in soccer played across the field
from one side to the other or to the middle
14 : a security transaction in which a broker acts for both buyer and seller (as in the placing of a large lot of
common stock) —called also cross-trade
[CROSS ILLUSTRATION]
krūm|as (1)
1. daugiametis augalas keliais stiebais, šakotas nuo pat žemės: Rožių, karklų, agrastų, serbentų k. Paupiais
priaugę
~ų.
2. žolinis augalas, kurio stiebai eina tiesiog iš šaknų, keras: Bulvių, braškių k.
3. prk. giminė, šeima: Jie vieno ~o.
4. dgs. jaunas smulkių medžių miškelis: Karvės ganosi ~uose. Miške gimė, ~uose augo (flk. apie nemandagų
žmogų)
Main Entry: 1bush
Pronunciation: \ˈbu̇sh\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English; akin to Old High German busc forest
Date: 14th century
1 a : SHRUB; especially : a low densely branched shrub b : a close thicket of shrubs suggesting a single plant
2 : a large uncleared or sparsely settled area (as in Australia) usually scrub-covered or forested : WILDERNESS —
usually used with the
3 a archaic : a bunch of ivy formerly hung outside a tavern to indicate wine for sale b obsolete : TAVERN c :
ADVERTISING <good wine needs no bush — Shakespeare>
4 : a bushy tuft or mass <a bush of hair>; especially : 2BRUSH 2a
5 : MINOR LEAGUE —usually used in plural <spent ten years in the bushes>
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kuln|as (4)
1. užpakalinė kojos pėdos dalis; kojinės dalis ties ta vieta: Batas ~ą nutrynė. ~łs prasimušiau eidamas. Kad bėga
– ~a¤ žemės nesiekia (labai greitai).
2. bato paaukštinimas prie užpakalinės pado dalies, pakulnė: Žemi, aukšti, pusaukščiai ~a¤. Prikalti ~łs.
… Ant ~‹ gulti (lipti, minti) (pridurmu ką daryti – eiti, vyti...). ~łs nešti (sprukti). ~‹ nepavilkti (būti silpnam,
nusilpusiam). ~łs raityti (smarkiai bėgti; šokti). ~a¤ svyla (čia pat pavojaus). ~a¤ žaibuoja (rūksta) (apie smarkų
bėgimą)
Main Entry: 1heel
Pronunciation: \ˈhēl\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hēla; akin to Old Norse hæll heel, Old English hōh — more at
HOCK
Date: before 12th century
1 a : the back of the human foot below the ankle and behind the arch b : the part of the hind limb of other
vertebrates that is homologous with the human heel
2 : an anatomical structure suggestive of the human heel; especially : the part of the palm of the hand nearest the
wrist
3 : one of the crusty ends of a loaf of bread
4 a : the part (as of a shoe) that covers the human heel b : a solid attachment of a shoe or boot forming the back
of the sole under the heel of the foot
5 : a rear, low, or bottom part: as a : the after end of a ship's keel or the lower end of a mast b : the base of a
tuber or cutting of a plant used for propagation c : the base of a ladder
6 : a contemptible person
— heel·less \ˈhēl-ləs\ adjective
— by the heels : in a tight grip
— down at heel or down at the heel : in or into a run-down or shabby condition
— on the heels of : immediately following
— to heel 1 : close behind
— 2 : into agreement or line
— under heel : under control or subjection
kulkā (2)
mažas kūgio pavidalo šaudmuo: Šautuvo k. Revolverio k. Lekia kaip k. (labai greitai)
Main Entry: bul·let
Pronunciation: \bu-lət also bə-\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle French boulette small ball & boulet missile, dims. of boule ball — more at BOWL
Date: 1579
1 : a round or elongated missile (as of lead) to be fired from a firearm; broadly : CARTRIDGE 1a
2 a : something resembling a bullet (as in curved form) b : a large dot placed in printed matter to call attention to
a particular passage
3 : a very fast and accurately thrown or hit object (as a ball or puck)
— bul·let·ed \-lə-təd\ adjective
kumš|tis (1)
1. sugniaužta rankos plaštaka: Sugniaužti ~tį. ~čiais muštis. (Su) ~čiu trenkė į stalą. Parodė man ~tį (pagrasino).
~čio teisė (teis.).
2. smūgis sugniaužta plaštaka: Davė porą ~čių
Main Entry: 1fist
127
Pronunciation: \fist\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English fyst; akin to Old High German fūst fist, Polish pięść, and
probably to Old English fīf five
Date: before 12th century
1 : the hand clenched with the fingers doubled into the palm and the thumb doubled inward across the fingers
2 : the hand closed as in grasping : CLUTCH
3 : INDEX 5
kunig|as (3b)
1. dvasininkas (ppr. katalikų, protestantų): K. pamaldas laiko. Mirė su ~u (išpažintį atlikęs). Ir k. du kartus
pamokslo nesako (flk.).
2. psn. Kunigaikštis
Main Entry: priest
Pronunciation: \prēst\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English preist, from Old English prēost, ultimately from Late Latin presbyter — more at
PRESBYTER
Date: before 12th century
: one authorized to perform the sacred rites of a religion especially as a mediatory agent between humans and
God; specifically : an Anglican, Eastern Orthodox, or Roman Catholic clergyman ranking below a bishop and
above a deacon
kunigćikštis (1)
1. istor. karo vadas ir srities valdovas senovės Lietuvoje ir kituose kraštuose: Vytautas buvo didysis Lietuvos k.
2. aukštas paveldimas arba duodamas už nuopelnus bajorų titulas; tą titulą turintis asmuo
Main Entry: 1duke
Pronunciation: \dük also dyük\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French duc, from Latin duc-, dux, from ducere to lead — more at TOW
Date: 12th century
1 : a sovereign male ruler of a continental European duchy
2 : a nobleman of the highest hereditary rank; especially : a member of the highest grade of the British peerage
3 [probably from dukes of York, rhyming slang for fork (hand, fist)] slang : FIST, HAND —usually used in plural
— duke·dom \-dəm\ noun
kurs|as (1)
1. laivo, lėktuvo ir kt. judėjimo kryptis (pagal dienovidinį): Nustatyti ~ą. Laikytis ~o. Nukrypti nuo ~o. Pamesti
~ą.
2. prk. politikos kryptis: K. į taikų sambūvį.
3. visa kurio nors mokslo, gydymo procedūros ir pan. apimtis: Baigti universiteto ~ą.
4. vienais metais apimamas mokslo skyrius aukštojoje ar specialiojoje vidurinėje mokykloje: Pirmojo ~o
studentas.
5. mokslo dalyko išdėstymas aukštojoje mokykloje: Lietuvių literatūros k.
6. piniginių popierių, valiutos lyginamoji vertė: Pinigų, akcijų, obligacijų k. Keitimo k. K. didėja, smunka
Main Entry: 1course
Pronunciation: \kors\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French curs, course, from Latin cursus, from currere to run — more at
CAR
Date: 14th century
1 : the act or action of moving in a path from point to point
128
2 : the path over which something moves or extends: as a : RACECOURSE b (1) : the direction of travel of a
vehicle (as a ship or airplane) usually measured as a clockwise angle from north; also : the projected path of
travel (2) : a point of the compass c : WATERCOURSE d : GOLF COURSE
3 a : accustomed procedure or normal action <the law taking its course> b : a chosen manner of conducting
oneself : way of acting <our wisest course is to retreat> c (1) : progression through a development or period or a
series of acts or events (2) : LIFE HISTORY, CAREER
4 : an ordered process or succession: as a : a number of lectures or other matter dealing with a subject; also : a
series of such courses constituting a curriculum <a premed course> b : a series of doses or medications
administered over a designated period
5 a : a part of a meal served at one time <the main course> b : LAYER; especially : a continuous level range of
brick or masonry throughout a wall c : the lowest sail on a square-rigged mast
— in due course : after a normal passage of time : in the expected or allotted time <his discoveries led in due
course to new forms of treatment>
— of course 1 : following the ordinary way or procedure <will be done as a matter of course>
2 : as might be expected <of course we will go>
kėd|ė (4)
baldas su atrama vienam sėdėti: Sėdėti ant ~›s
… Ne savo ~ėjź sėdėti (dirbti ne pagal pasiruošimą)
Main Entry: 1chair
Pronunciation: \cher\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English chaiere, from Anglo-French, from Latin cathedra, from Greek kathedra, from katacata- + hedra seat — more at SIT
Date: 13th century
1 a : a seat typically having four legs and a back for one person b : ELECTRIC CHAIR —used with the
2 a : an official seat or a seat of authority, state, or dignity b : an office or position of authority or dignity c :
PROFESSORSHIP <holds a university chair> d : CHAIRMAN 1
3 : a sedan chair
4 : a position of employment usually of one occupying a chair or desk; specifically : the position of a player in
an orchestra or band
5 : any of various devices that hold up or support
la¤krod|is (1)
laiko rodomasis prietaisas: Kišeninis, rankinis, sieninis, smėlio, elektroninis l. Bokšto l. Prisukti, paleisti,
nustatyti ~į. L. eina, stovi, skuba, atsilieka, vėlina. L. muša (valandas), skambina, čirškia
Main Entry: 1clock
Pronunciation: \ˈkläk\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English clok, from Middle Dutch clocke bell, clock, from Old French or Medieval Latin; Old
French dial. (Picard) cloque bell, from Medieval Latin clocca, of Celtic origin; akin to Middle Irish clocc bell
Date: 14th century
1 : a device other than a watch for indicating or measuring time commonly by means of hands moving on a dial;
broadly : any periodic system by which time is measured
2 : a registering device usually with a dial; specifically : ODOMETER
3 : TIME CLOCK
4 : a synchronizing device (as in a computer) that produces pulses at regular intervals
5 : BIOLOGICAL CLOCK
— against the clock 1 : with or within a time constraint <working against the clock>
2 : with clocked speed rather than the order of finish as the criterion for placement <trial races against the clock>
— around the clock also round the clock 1 : continuously for 24 hours : day and night without cessation
2 : without relaxation and heedless of time
129
— kill the clock or run out the clock : to use up as much as possible of the playing time remaining in a game
(as football) while retaining possession of the ball or puck especially to protect a lead
lćipt|ai dgs. (1)
skersinių plokščių pakopos, kuriomis lipama: Akmeniniai, sraigtiniai l. Statūs l. ~ų aikštelė, narvelis. ~ų turėklai.
Laksto ~ais aukštyn ir žemyn. Vagono ~ģliai
Main Entry: stair
Pronunciation: \ˈster\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English steir, from Old English stǣger; akin to Old English & Old High German stīgan to
rise, Greek steichein to walk
Date: before 12th century
1 : a series of steps or flights of steps for passing from one level to another —often used in plural but singular or
plural in construction <a narrow private stairs — Lewis Mumford>
2 : a single step of a stairway
liet|łs (3)
1. lašų pavidalo krituliai: Smarkus, staigus, trumpas, šiltas, sodrus, gausus, smulkus l. Dirbtinis l. L. suplakė
žemę. L. lyja, pliaupia, pila, krapnoja, merkia. Nestovėk ~ujź, peršlapsi. Važiavome per līetų. Rudens līetūs
permerkė žemę. Iš didelio debesio mažas l. (flk.).
2. prk. didelė daugybė ko, gausiai krintančio: Ašarų, kibirkščių, pelenų l. Kulkų l.
Main Entry: 1rain
Pronunciation: \ˈrān\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English reyn, from Old English regn, rēn; akin to Old High German regan rain
Date: before 12th century
1 a : water falling in drops condensed from vapor in the atmosphere b : the descent of this water c : water that
has fallen as rain : RAINWATER
2 a : a fall of rain : RAINSTORM b plural : the rainy season
3 : rainy weather
4 : a heavy fall <a rain of arrows>
låš|as (4)
1. mažas skysčio kiekis, išlaikantis apvalią formą: Vandens, kraujo l., ~ģlis. Lijo stambiais, dideliais ~a¤s.
Nestovėk po ~a¤s (kur vanduo laša nuo stogo). L. po ~o ir akmenį pratašo (flk.). Panašu kaip du ~ł (flk.). Kas
plaukas, tai l. (labai išprakaitavęs).
2. prk. truputis: Dar liko pieno l. Duok ir man bent ~iłką (truputį kokio nors skysčio). Nėra vandens nė ~o.
3. vak. žr. strazdana
Main Entry: 1drop
Pronunciation: \ˈdräp\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English dropa; akin to Old High German tropfo drop
Date: before 12th century
1 a (1) : the quantity of fluid that falls in one spherical mass (2) plural : a dose of medicine measured by drops
<eye drops for dilating the pupil of the eye> b : a minute quantity or degree of something nonmaterial or
intangible c : a small quantity of drink d : the smallest practical unit of liquid measure
2 : something that resembles a liquid drop: as a : a pendent ornament attached to a piece of jewelry; also : an
earring with such a pendant b : a small globular cookie or candy
130
3 [2drop] a : the act or an instance of dropping : FALL b : a decline in quantity or quality c : a descent by
parachute; also : the people or equipment dropped by parachute d : a place or central depository to which
something (as mail, money, or stolen property) is brought for distribution or transmission; also : the act of
depositing something at such a place <made the drop>
4 a : the distance from a higher to a lower level or through which something drops b : a decrease in electric
potential
5 : a slot into which something is to be dropped
6 [2drop] : something that drops, hangs, or falls: as a : a movable plate that covers the keyhole of a lock b : an
unframed piece of cloth stage scenery; also : DROP CURTAIN c : a hinged platform on a gallows d : a fallen fruit
7 : the advantage of having an opponent covered with a firearm; broadly : ADVANTAGE, SUPERIORITY —usually
used in the phrase get the drop on
8 : a move back from the line of scrimmage (as in preparation for making a forward pass) <a quick drop>
— at the drop of a hat : as soon as the slightest provocation is given : IMMEDIATELY
— drop in the bucket : a part so small as to be negligible
lģd|as (4)
1. sušalęs vanduo: Ant vandens jau dedasi l. L. braška, įskilo. Čiuožiame ~ł. ~o ritulys. ~o baletas. Slidus l.
Rankos šaltos kaip ~a¤.
2. sušalusio vandens gabalas, lytis: ~łs (upėje) neša.
… Kaip ~ą graužti, krimsti (gerai, aiškiai skaityti). ~łs pralaužti (duoti pradžią)
Main Entry: 1ice
Pronunciation: \ˈīs\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English is, from Old English īs; akin to Old High German īs ice, Avestan isu- icy
Date: before 12th century
1 a : frozen water b : a sheet or stretch of ice
2 : a substance resembling ice; especially : the solid state of a substance usually found as a gas or liquid
<ammonia ice in the rings of Saturn>
3 : a state of coldness (as from formality or reserve)
4 a : a frozen dessert containing a flavoring (as fruit juice); especially : one containing no milk or cream b
British : a serving of ice cream
5 slang : DIAMONDS; broadly : JEWELRY
6 : an undercover premium paid to a theater employee for choice theater tickets
7 : methamphetamine in the form of crystals of its hydrochloride salt C10H15N‧HCI when used illicitly for
smoking —called also crystal, crystal meth
— ice·less \ˈīs-ləs\ adjective
— on ice 1 : with every likelihood of being won or accomplished
2 : in reserve or safekeeping
— on thin ice : in a precarious or risky situation
labdarā (3b)
negrąžinamos materialinės pagalbos teikimas neturtingiesiems, ko stokojantiems ar nelaimės ištiktiems, šalpa
Main Entry: char·i·ty
Pronunciation: \ˈcher-ə-tē, ˈcha-rə-\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural char·i·ties
Etymology: Middle English charite, from Anglo-French charité, from Late Latin caritat-, caritas Christian love,
from Latin, dearness, from carus dear; akin to Old Irish carae friend, Sanskrit kāma love
Date: 13th century
1 : benevolent goodwill toward or love of humanity
2 a : generosity and helpfulness especially toward the needy or suffering; also : aid given to those in need b : an
institution engaged in relief of the poor c : public provision for the relief of the needy
131
3 a : a gift for public benevolent purposes b : an institution (as a hospital) founded by such a gift
4 : lenient judgment of others
synonyms see MERCY
la¤krašt|is (1)
lapais spausdinamas periodinis leidinys: Respublikinis, literatūros, mokytojų, įmonės l. Bendradarbiauti ~yje.
Klausti per ~į
Main Entry: 1news·pa·per
Pronunciation: \ˈnüz-ˌpā-pər, ˈnyüz-, ˈn(y)üs-\
Function: noun
Date: 1670
1 : a paper that is printed and distributed usually daily or weekly and that contains news, articles of opinion,
features, and advertising
2 : an organization that publishes a newspaper
3 : the paper of a newspaper : NEWSPRINT
lćipsn|is (1)
1. lyginamasis dydis, matas, pakopa: Aukštas kultūros l. Giminystės l. (jos artumo dydis). Balsių kaitos ~iai
(lingv.). Pirmojo ~io diplomas. Trečiojo ~io nudegimas.
2. gram. būdvardžiu ar prieveiksmiu reiškiamos kokybės dydis, dydžio matas: Nelyginamasis, aukštesnysis,
aukščiausiasis l.
3. temperatūros matavimo vienetas: Trys ~iai šalčio. Termometras rodo plius penkis ~ius Celsijaus.
4. alkoholio svorio procentas mišinyje: Stiprumo l.
5. mat. skaičius, rodantis, kiek kartų kitas skaičius turi būti padaugintas iš savęs: ~io pagrindas (keliamasis
daugiklis). ~io rodiklis (vienodų daugiklių kiekis). Du pakėlus ketvirtuoju ~iu, gaunama šešiolika.
6. mat. lankų bei kampų matavimo vienetas: Statusis kampas turi devyniasdešimt ~ių. Dešimt ~ių rytų ilgumos ir
penkiasdešimt ~ių šiaurės platumos (geogr.).
7. oficialus vardas, pažymintis kvalifikacijos dydį, pakopą: Kapitono, majoro l. Fizikos ir matematikos mokslų
daktaro l. Mokslų kandidato l.
8. tarm. laiptų ar terasos pakopa, kopėčių skersinis
Main Entry: de·gree
Pronunciation: \di-ˈgrē\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French degré, from Vulgar Latin *degradus, from Latin de- + gradus
Date: 13th century
1 : a step or stage in a process, course, or order of classification <advanced by degrees>
2 a : a rank or grade of official, ecclesiastical, or social position <people of low degree> b archaic : a particular
standing especially as to dignity or worth c : the civil condition or status of a person
3 : a step in a direct line of descent or in the line of ascent to a common ancestor
4 a obsolete : STEP, STAIR b archaic : a member of a series arranged in steps
5 : a measure of damage to tissue caused by injury or disease — compare FIRST-DEGREE BURN, SECONDDEGREE BURN, THIRD-DEGREE BURN
6 a : the extent, measure, or scope of an action, condition, or relation <different in degree but not in kind> b :
relative intensity <a high degree of stress> c : one of the forms or sets of forms used in the comparison of an
adjective or adverb d : a legal measure of guilt or negligence <found guilty of robbery in the first degree>
7 a : a title conferred on students by a college, university, or professional school on completion of a program of
study b : a grade of membership attained in a ritualistic order or society c : an academic title conferred to honor
distinguished achievement or service d : the formal ceremonies observed in the conferral of such a distinction
8 : a unit of measure for angles equal to an angle with its vertex at the center of a circle and its sides cutting off
1
⁄360 of the circumference; also : a unit of measure for arcs of a circle equal to the amount of arc that subtends a
central angle of one degree
9 archaic : a position or space on the earth or in the heavens as measured by degrees of latitude
132
10 a : a step, note, or tone of a musical scale b : a line or space of the musical staff
11 : one of the divisions or intervals marked on a scale of a measuring instrument; specifically : any of various
units for measuring temperature
12 a : the sum of the exponents of the variables in the term of highest degree in a polynomial, polynomial
function, or polynomial equation b : the sum of the exponents of the variable factors of a monomial c : the
greatest power of the derivative of highest order in a differential equation after the equation has been rationalized
and cleared of fractions with respect to the derivative
— de·greed \-ˈgrēd\ adjective
— to a degree 1 : to a remarkable extent : EXCEEDINGLY <I felt desolate to a degree — Charlotte Brontë>
2 : in a small way <to a degree he succeeded>
[DEGREE ILLUSTRATION]
lćisv|ė (1)
1. nebuvimas apribojimų, varžančių visuomeninį politinį gyvenimą bei visuomenės ar atskiro jos nario veikimą,
nepriklausymas: Tautos kova dėl ~ės. Kūrybos l. Politinė l.
2. teisė nevaržomai reikšti savo ar visuomenės nuomonę, ginti reikalus: Žodžio, spaudos, susirinkimų l.
3. turėjimas valios daryti, ką nori: Jie duoda vaikams ~ę.
4. buvimas neuždarytam, galėjimas be suvaržymų judėti: Išleisti paukštį į ~ę. Atimti kam ~ę.
… ~ės paukštis (mėgstantis, galintis kaip nori gyventi žmogus)
Main Entry: free·dom
Pronunciation: \ˈfrē-dəm\
Function: noun
Date: before 12th century
1 : the quality or state of being free: as a : the absence of necessity, coercion, or constraint in choice or action b :
liberation from slavery or restraint or from the power of another : INDEPENDENCE c : the quality or state of being
exempt or released usually from something onerous <freedom from care> d : EASE, FACILITY <spoke the
language with freedom> e : the quality of being frank, open, or outspoken <answered with freedom> f :
improper familiarity g : boldness of conception or execution h : unrestricted use <gave him the freedom of their
home>
2 a : a political right b : FRANCHISE, PRIVILEGE
synonyms FREEDOM, LIBERTY, LICENSE mean the power or condition of acting without compulsion. FREEDOM
has a broad range of application from total absence of restraint to merely a sense of not being unduly hampered
or frustrated <freedom of the press>. LIBERTY suggests release from former restraint or compulsion <the
released prisoner had difficulty adjusting to his new liberty>. LICENSE implies freedom specially granted or
conceded and may connote an abuse of freedom <freedom without responsibility may degenerate into license>.
la¤v|as (4)
1. plaukiojanti transporto priemonė: Keleivinis, prekinis l. Karo l. Povandeninis l. Burinis, dyzelinis, atominis l.
~‹ statykla.
2. flk. valtis, eldija: Dirbinsiu ~ą, geltoną ~ą (d.).
3. knyg. skraidymo aparatas: Oro l. Kosminis l.
Main Entry: 1ship
Pronunciation: \ˈship\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English scip; akin to Old High German skif ship
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a large seagoing vessel b : a sailing vessel having a bowsprit and usually three masts each composed of a
lower mast, a topmast, and a topgallant mast
2 : BOAT; especially : one propelled by power or sail
3 : a ship's crew
4 : FORTUNE 3 <when their ship comes in they'll be able to live in better style>
5 : AIRSHIP, AIRPLANE, SPACECRAFT
133
låp|as (2)
1. plokščias augalų kvėpavimo organas: Medžių ~ai šlama, krinta. Kopūsto l. Dreba kaip epušės l. Lapai
sprogsta, skleidžiasi. Kiti metai, kiti ~ai (flk.). Iškrito kaip ~ai (visi išmirė).
2. plonas popieriaus gabalas: Knygos, sąsiuvinio l. Žinių, atlyginimo l. Prievolių l.
3. metalo, šiferio ir pan. lakštas: Skardos l.
4. žr. Pikas
Main Entry: 1leaf
Pronunciation: \ˈlēf\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural leaves \ˈlēvz\ also leafs \ˈlēfs\
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English leef, from Old English lēaf; akin to Old High German loub leaf
Date: before 12th century
1 a (1) : a lateral outgrowth from a plant stem that is typically a flattened expanded variably shaped greenish
organ, constitutes a unit of the foliage, and functions primarily in food manufacture by photosynthesis (2) : a
modified leaf (as a bract or sepal) primarily engaged in functions other than food manufacture b (1) : FOLIAGE
<trees in full leaf> (2) : the leaves of a plant as an article of commerce
2 : something suggestive of a leaf: as a : a part of a book or folded sheet containing a page on each side b (1) : a
part (as of window shutters, folding doors, or gates) that slides or is hinged (2) : the movable parts of a table top
c (1) : a thin sheet or plate of any substance : LAMINA (2) : metal (as gold or silver) in sheets usually thinner than
foil (3) : one of the plates of a leaf spring
— leaf·less \ˈlēf-ləs\ adjective
— leaf·like \ˈlēf-ˌlīk\ adjective
[LEAF ILLUSTRATION]
låp|ė (2)
1. zool. plėšrus brangiakailis žvėrelis: Rudoji l. (Vulpes vulpes). Poliarinė l. (Alopex lagopus). Juodsidabrė l.
~ės urvas. ~ės kailis. L. vištą pagavo. O kur buvai, ~utćite? (d.).
2. b. prk. gudrus, suktas, mokantis pataikauti žmogus: Gudrus l. Koks jis l.!
… Nė l. nelojo, nesulojo (niekas nejuto, nesužinojo)
Main Entry: 1fox
Pronunciation: \ˈfäks\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural fox·es also fox
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English; akin to Old High German fuhs fox and perhaps to Sanskrit
puccha tail
Date: before 12th century
1 a : any of various carnivorous mammals (especially genus Vulpes) of the dog family related to but smaller than
wolves with shorter legs, more pointed muzzle, large erect ears, and long bushy tail b : the fur of a fox
2 : a clever crafty person
3 archaic : SWORD
4 capitalized : a member of an American Indian people formerly living in what is now Wisconsin
5 : a good-looking young woman or man
lauk|as (4)
1. be medžių, ppr. lygi vieta (skiriant nuo miško, nuo gyvenviečių): Vaikščiojome po ~łs. Ar pagausi vėją ~uosź
(flk.).
2. dirva, žemės plotas: Rugių, vasarojaus l. ~‹ darbai.
3. vieta po atviru dangumi: Vištos goglinėja po ~ą. Iš ~o namas lentomis apmuštas.
4. vieta, kurioje kas daroma, kuriai kas būdinga: Karo, kovos, mūšio l. ~o artilerija. Minų l. Ledo l. (geogr.).
Vėjo l. (geogr.). Operacijos l. (med.).
134
5. karo veiksmų, žygio, ekspedicijos sąlygos: ~o ligoninė. ~o paštas. ~o praktika. ~o priedas.
6. fiz. erdvė, kurioje reiškiasi jėgos, sąveika: Elektrinis, magnetinis, jėgų, bangų, slėgio l.
Main Entry: 1field
Pronunciation: \ˈfēld\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English feld; akin to Old High German feld field, Old English flōr floor
— more at FLOOR
Date: before 12th century
1 a (1) : an open land area free of woods and buildings (2) : an area of land marked by the presence of particular
objects or features <dune fields> b (1) : an area of cleared enclosed land used for cultivation or pasture <a field
of wheat> (2) : land containing a natural resource (3) : AIRFIELD c : the place where a battle is fought; also :
BATTLE d : a large unbroken expanse (as of ice)
2 a : an area or division of an activity, subject, or profession b : the sphere of practical operation outside a base
(as a laboratory, office, or factory) <geologists working in the field> c : an area for military exercises or
maneuvers d (1) : an area constructed, equipped, or marked for sports (2) : the portion of an indoor or outdoor
sports area enclosed by the running track and on which field events are conducted (3) : any of the three sections
of a baseball outfield <hits to all fields>
3 : a space on which something is drawn or projected: as a : the space on the surface of a coin, medal, or seal
that does not contain the design b : the ground of each division in a flag c : the whole surface of an escutcheon
4 : the individuals that make up all or part of the participants in a contest; especially : all participants with the
exception of the favorite or the winner in a contest where more than two are entered
5 : the area visible through the lens of an optical instrument
6 a : a region or space in which a given effect (as magnetism) exists b : a region of embryonic tissue capable of a
particular type of differentiation <a morphogenetic field>
7 : a set of mathematical elements that is subject to two binary operations the second of which is distributive
relative to the first and that constitutes a commutative group under the first operation and also under the second
if the zero or unit element under the first is omitted
8 : a complex of forces that serve as causative agents in human behavior
9 : a series of drain tiles and an absorption area for septic-tank outflow
10 : a particular area (as of a record in a database) in which the same type of information is regularly recorded
— from the field : in field goals as opposed to free throws <made 40 percent of his shots from the field>
lentōn|a (1)
prie sienos ar spintoje pritvirtinta lenta ar plokštė kam nors dėti, laikyti; iš tos paskirties lentų padarytas baldas:
Knygų l. Indų, valgių l. Paimk lėkštę iš (nuo) ~os. Padėk šaukštus į ~ą. Svečias į vidų, akys ant ~os (flk.)
Main Entry: shelf
Pronunciation: \ˈshelf\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural shelves \ˈshelvz\
Etymology: Middle English, probably from Old English scylfe; akin to Old Norse hlīthskjalf Odin's seat
Date: 14th century
1 a : a thin flat usually long and narrow piece of material (as wood) fastened horizontally (as on a wall) at a
distance from the floor to hold objects b : one of several similar pieces in a closet, bookcase, or similar structure
c : the contents of a shelf <the author of a shelf of best sellers>
2 : something resembling a shelf in form or position: as a : a sandbank or ledge of rocks usually partially
submerged b : a flat projecting layer of rock c : the submerged gradually sloping border of a continent or island :
CONTINENTAL SHELF
— shelf·ful \shelf-ful\ noun
— shelf·like \shelf-līk\ adjective
— off the shelf : available from stock : not made to order <off the shelf equipment>
— on the shelf : in a state of inactivity or uselessness
135
lģten|a (1)
1. kojos galas nuo čiurnos, pėda: Katė laižo ~ą. Užlipo šuniui ant ~os. ~ą spaudžia.
2. šnek. plaštaka: Mane suspaudė savo stipriomis ~omis.
3. prk. priespauda, jungas: Nelaisvės l.
Main Entry: 1paw
Pronunciation: \ˈpȯ\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French powe, poe
Date: 14th century
1 : the foot of a quadruped (as a lion or dog) that has claws; broadly : the foot of an animal
2 : a human hand especially when large or clumsy
lice¹cij|a (1)
teis. tam tikras leidimas ką daryti pagal sutartį: Importo, medžioklės, patento, vertimo l. Nepatentinė l. Išduoti,
gauti, turėti, pirkti ~ą. ~os turėtojas, savininkas. ~ų mainai
Main Entry: 1li·cense
Variant(s): or li·cence \lī-sən(t)s\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French licence, from Latin licentia, from licent-, licens, present
participle of licēre to be permitted
Date: 14th century
1 a : permission to act b : freedom of action
2 a : a permission granted by competent authority to engage in a business or occupation or in an activity
otherwise unlawful b : a document, plate, or tag evidencing a license granted c : a grant by the holder of a
copyright or patent to another of any of the rights embodied in the copyright or patent short of an assignment of
all rights
3 a : freedom that allows or is used with irresponsibility b : disregard for standards of personal conduct :
LICENTIOUSNESS
4 : deviation from fact, form, or rule by an artist or writer for the sake of the effect gained
synonyms see FREEDOM
— licensed adjective
liem|uõ, ~e¹s v. (3b)
1. kūno dalis tarp menčių ir klubų, talija: Drabužis ankštas per līemenį.
2. drabužio dalis, apimanti tą kūno dalį: Pasiuvo į līemenį.
3. žr. stuomuo 1.
4. medžio kamienas.
… Iš ~e¹s ir iš stuomens (tvirtas, petingas)
Main Entry: waist
Pronunciation: \ˈwāst\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English wast; probably akin to Old English wæstm growth, weaxan to grow — more at WAX
Date: 14th century
1 a : the typically narrowed part of the body between the thorax and hips b : the greatly constricted basal part of
the abdomen of some insects (as wasps and flies)
2 : the part of something corresponding to or resembling the human waist: as a (1) : the part of a ship's deck
between the poop and forecastle (2) : the middle part of a sailing ship between foremast and mainmast b : the
middle section of the fuselage of an airplane
3 : a garment or the part of a garment covering the body from the neck to the waistline or just below: a : BODICE
136
1 b : BLOUSE
4 : WAISTLINE 1b
— waist·ed \ˈwā-stəd\ adjective
līep|a (1)
1. bot. medis žalsvai ar gelsvai baltais kvapiais, medingais žiedais (Tilia): Sužydo ~os. ~os žiedų arbata. Užaugo
kaip l. (apie merginą). Siūbavo ~ģlė žalia be vėjo (d.).
2. septintasis metų mėnuo
Main Entry: lin·den
Pronunciation: \lin-dən\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, made of linden wood, from Old English, from lind linden tree; probably akin to Old
English līthe gentle — more at LITHE
Date: 1577
1 : any of a genus (Tilia of the family Tiliaceae, the linden family) of deciduous trees of temperate regions that
have cordate leaves and a winglike bract attached to the peduncle of the flower and fruit and that are often
planted as ornamental and shade trees: as a : a commonly cultivated European tree (T. europaea syn. T. vulgaris)
much used for ornamental planting b : a tree (T. americana) chiefly of the central and eastern United States —
called also basswood
2 : the light fine-grained white wood of a linden; especially : BASSWOOD 2
[LINDEN ILLUSTRATION]
liežłv|is (2)
1. anat. skonio organas, vienas kalbos padargų (lingua): ~ił laižyti. ~į galima nuryti (labai gardu). Kelias ant ~io
galo (klausdamas rasi).
2. prk. kas panašus į šį organą: Ugnies ~iai laižė stogą. Vaško ~iai (avilyje). Ledyno l. (geol.). Miglos ~iai.
3. bato šikšnelė po suvarstymu.
™ Jūros l. ( zool. gleivėta šiltųjų jūrų žuvis su pelekais per visą nugarą ir pilvą; Solea solea).
… Ant ~io galo stovėti (žinoti, bet negalėti atsiminti). Gera (aštrų) ~į turėti (galėti daug arba sąmojingai,
geliamai kalbėti). Ilgą ~į turėti (būti plepiam, liežuvauti). ~į atversti (prašnekėti). ~ił badyti (apkalbėti, barti). ~į
dilginti (rūpėti, knietėti). ~į dilinti (plepėti). ~ił dirbti (plepėti). ~į braukti (įkišti) (įskųsti). ~į iškišus (pailsus). ~į
kyštelėti (be reikalo ką pasakyti; apskųsti). ~į kaišioti (kišti) (kištis į kitų kalbą; liežuvauti). ~į klebetuoti (klibinti)
(tuščiai kalbėti). ~į laidyti (plepėti; apkalbėti). ~į laikyti už dantų (tylėti, nesakyti). ~į lazginti (niekus taukšti). L.
lūžta (sunku ištarti). L. maga (ima noras paragauti ar pasakyti). ~ił makaluoti (malti, maskatuoti, mataruoti)
(niekus plepėti). ~io neapverčia (nekalbus; labai girtas). ~į niežti (rūpi, kniečia pasakyti). ~į pakišti (įskųsti). ~į
paleisti (keikti). L. pančiojasi (sunku kalbėti, ištarti). ~į pasidėjus (atidžiai) klausyti. ~ił pinti (liežuvauti). L.
pinasi (nepakalba). ~io plakalas (tuščia kalba). ~ił plakti (apkalbėti). ~į plėšti (plepėti). ~ił pliauškinti
(apkalbėti). ~ił ploti (niekus kalbėti). ~į prikasti (tylėti; nutilti). ~į prilaikyti (nekalbėti ko nereikia). ~ił skalauti
(skalbti) (apkalbėti). ~ił skrebinti (plepėti). ~į suvaldyti (neprasitarti). L. užnižo (parūpo pasakyti). ~į valdyti
(nekalbėti ko nereikia, tylėti). Plonas l. (mokėjimas prisimeilinti). Už ~io traukti (versti kalbėti)
Main Entry: 1tongue
Pronunciation: \təŋ\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English tunge, from Old English; akin to Old High German zunga tongue, Latin lingua
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a fleshy movable muscular process of the floor of the mouths of most vertebrates that bears sensory end
organs and small glands and functions especially in taking and swallowing food and in humans as a speech organ
b : a part of various invertebrate animals that is analogous to the tongue
2 : the flesh of a tongue (as of the ox or sheep) used as food
3 : the power of communication through speech
4 a : LANGUAGE; especially : a spoken language b : manner or quality of utterance with respect to tone or sound,
the sense of what is expressed, or the intention of the speaker <she has a clever tongue> <a sharp tongue> c :
ecstatic usually unintelligible utterance usually accompanying religious excitation —usually used in plural d :
137
the cry of or as if of a hound pursuing or in sight of game —used especially in the phrase to give tongue
5 : a tapering flame <tongues of fire>
6 : a long narrow strip of land projecting into a body of water
7 : something resembling an animal's tongue in being elongated and fastened at one end only: as a : a movable
pin in a buckle b : a metal ball suspended inside a bell so as to strike against the sides as the bell is swung c : the
pole of a vehicle d : the flap under the lacing or buckles of a shoe at the throat of the vamp
8 a : the rib on one edge of a board that fits into a corresponding groove in an edge of another board to make a
flush joint b : FEATHER 4
— tongue·like \-līk\ adjective
linij|a (1)
1. mat. ilgio matą teturinti taškų aibė, vaizduojama brūkšniu, taškais, brūkšneliais: Tiesioji, kreivoji, baigtinė,
begalinė, uždaroji l. Plona, stora l. Taškinė, brūkšninė l. Nubrėžti ~a.
2. matoma ar įsivaizduojama riba, apybrėža: Horizonto, pusiaujo, fronto, kranto, potvynio, sniego, demarkacijos
l. Šoninė, galinė, vidurio, skiriamoji l. Sprando, pažasties, dantenų, antakių l. Kūno, figūros ~os. Vesti, žymėti,
peržengti, užminti ~ą. Užlipti ant ~os. Saugoti (kūno) ~as.
3. eilė, virtinė, ruožas: Apkasų, gynybos, gairių l. Spektro ~os.
4. ryšio, susisiekimo, tiekimo kelias: Oro l. Telefono, elektros, dujotiekio l. Tiesti, atidaryti, paleisti taisyti ~ą. L.
veikia, sugedo, užimta, laisva.
5. įrengimų eilė, apimanti tam tikrą gamybos procesą: Konvejerinė, automatinė l. Pieno l. Surinkimo, plovimo,
pilstymo l. Paleisti, stabdyti ~ą.
6. veiksmo, veiklos, pažiūrų, elgesio kelias, kryptis: Gyvenimo, biografijos, elgesio l. Eiti savo ~a. Romano
siužeto l.
7. pirmtako (ar jų poros) ir palikuonių eilė, giminystė: Genealoginė l. Kraujo, grynoji l. Tiesioji, šalutinė l.
Giminystė tėvo, motinos ~a (pagal tėvo, motinos ~ą)
Main Entry: 1line
Pronunciation: \līn\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English; partly from Anglo-French lingne, from Latin linea, from feminine of lineus made of
flax, from linum flax; partly from Old English līne; akin to Old English līn flax — more at LINEN
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a length of cord or cord-like material: as (1) : a comparatively strong slender cord (2) : CLOTHESLINE (3) :
a rope used on shipboard b (1) : a device for catching fish consisting of a cord with hooks and other fishing gear
(2) : scope for activity : ROPE c : a length of material used in measuring and leveling d (1) : piping for
conveying a fluid (as steam) (2) : a narrow short synthetic tube that is inserted approximately one inch into a
vein (as of the arm) to provide temporary intravenous access for the administration of fluid, medication, or
nutrients e (1) : a wire or pair of wires connecting one telegraph or telephone station with another or a whole
system of such wires; also : any circuit in an electronic communication system (2) : a telephone connection
<tried to get a line>; also : an individual telephone extension <a call on line 2> (3) : the principal circuits of an
electric power system
2 a (1) : a horizontal row of written or printed characters; also : a blank row in lieu of such characters (2) : a unit
in the rhythmic structure of verse formed by the grouping of a number of the smallest units of the rhythm (as
metrical feet) (3) : a distinct segment of a computer program containing a single command or a small number of
commands b : a short letter : NOTE c plural : a certificate of marriage d : the words making up a part in a drama
—usually used in plural e : any of the successive horizontal rows of picture elements on the screen of a cathoderay tube (as a television screen)
3 a : something (as a ridge or seam) that is distinct, elongated, and narrow b : a narrow crease (as on the face) :
WRINKLE c : the course or direction of something in motion : ROUTE d (1) : a state of agreement or conformity :
ACCORDANCE (2) : a state of order, control, or obedience <wouldn't let them get out of line> e (1) : a boundary
of an area <the state line> (2) : DISTINCTION 2 <the fine line between love and hate> f : the track and roadbed of
a railway g : an amount of cocaine that is arranged in a line to be inhaled through the nose
4 a : a course of conduct, action, or thought; especially : an official or public position <the party line> b : a field
of activity or interest c : a glib often persuasive way of talking
5 a : LIMIT, RESTRAINT b archaic : position in life : LOT
138
6 a (1) : FAMILY, LINEAGE (2) : a strain produced and maintained especially by selective breeding or biological
culture (3) : a chronological series b : dispositions made to cover extended military positions and presenting a
front to the enemy —usually used in plural c : a military formation in which the different elements are abreast of
each other d : naval ships arranged in a regular order e (1) : the combatant forces of an army distinguished from
the staff corps and supply services (2) : the force of a regular navy f (1) : officers of the navy eligible for
command at sea distinguished from officers of the staff (2) : officers of the army belonging to a combatant
branch g : an arrangement or placement of persons or objects of one kind in an orderly series <a line of trees>
<stand on line> <waiting in line>; also : the persons or objects so positioned <the line moved slowly at the
bank> h (1) : a group of public conveyances plying regularly under one management over a route (2) : a system
of transportation together with its equipment, routes, and appurtenances; also : the company owning or operating
it i : a succession of musical notes especially considered in melodic phrases j (1) : an arrangement of operations
in manufacturing permitting sequential occurrence on various stages of production (2) : the personnel of an
organization that are responsible for its stated objective k (1) : the seven players including center, two guards,
two tackles, and two ends who in offensive football play line up on or within one foot of the line of scrimmage
(2) : the players who in defensive play line up within one yard of the line of scrimmage l : a group of three
players including a left winger, center, and right winger who play together as a unit in hockey
7 : a narrow elongated mark drawn or projected: as a (1) : a circle of latitude or longitude on a map (2) :
EQUATOR b : a mark (as on a map) recording a boundary, division, or contour c : any of the horizontal parallel
strokes on a music staff on or between which notes are placed — compare SPACE d : a mark (as by pencil) that
forms part of the formal design of a picture distinguished from the shading or color e : a division on a bridge
score dividing the score for bonuses from that for tricks f (1) : a demarcation of a limit with reference to which
the playing of some game or sport is regulated —usually used in combination (2) : a marked or imaginary line
across a playing area (as a football field) parallel to the end line (3) : LINE OF SCRIMMAGE
8 : a straight or curved geometric element that is generated by a moving point and that has extension only along
the path of the point : CURVE
9 a : a defining outline : CONTOUR b : a general plan : MODEL —usually used in plural
10 a chiefly British : PICA —used to indicate the size of large type b : the unit of fineness of halftones expressed
as the number of screen lines to the linear inch
11 : merchandise or services of the same general class for sale or regularly available
12 a : a source of information : INSIGHT b : betting odds offered by a bookmaker especially on a sporting event
13 : a complete game of 10 frames in bowling —called also string
14 : LINE DRIVE
— liny also lin·ey \lī-nē\ adjective
— between the lines 1 : by implication : in an indirect way
2 : by way of inference
— down the line 1 : all the way : FULLY
2 : in the future
— in line for : due or in a position to receive
— on line : in or into operation
— on the line 1 : at great risk <puts his future on the line by backing that policy>
2 : on the border between two categories
lķzd|as (4)
1. į(si)taisoma vieta kiaušiniams dėti, perėti bei jaunikliams auginti (apie paukščius, vabzdžius), gūžta: Varnų,
šarkų l. Krauti, sukti, nešti ~ą. Višta tupi ~ź. Avilio l. Širšių l. Koksai paukštis, toksai ir l. (flk.). | prk.: Šeško l.
Pelių l.
2. vieno perėjimo paukščiai, vabzdžiai: Šeškas išpjovė visą ~ą viščiukų.
3. prk. namai; gimtinė; šeima; giminė: Numirė savo ~ź. Džiaugiasi savo ~elił. Mamos nebėra, l. ir sugriuvo. Mes
vieno ~o.
4. prk. kieno, ko nors susitelkimo vieta: Tilžė – lietuvininkų l. Ten tikras vagių l. Vilkų l. Štai kur ligų l.
5. tech. skylė kam įstatyti, įmauti, įkišti, įleisti: Stulpas neina į ~ą. Telefono l. Šakutės l. Vožtuvo l. Įleido, įvarė
šovinį į ~ą.
6. kar. slapta ugnies vieta: Kulkosvaidžių l. Snaiperio l.
7. bot. mezginės skyrius iš vieno vaislapio: Vaisiaus l.
8. lingv. grupė vienašaknių žodžių, pateikiamų viename žodyno straipsnyje.
9. agr. vienoje vietoje pasėtų sėklų grupė
139
Main Entry: 1nest
Pronunciation: \nest\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English; akin to Old High German nest nest, Latin nidus
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a bed or receptacle prepared by an animal and especially a bird for its eggs and young b : a place or
specially modified structure serving as an abode of animals and especially of their immature stages <an ants'
nest> c : a receptacle resembling a bird's nest
2 a : a place of rest, retreat, or lodging : HOME <grown children who have left the nest> b : DEN, HANGOUT
3 : the occupants or frequenters of a nest
4 a : a group of similar things <a nest of giant mountains — Helen MacInnes> b : HOTBED 2 <a nest of
rebellion>
5 : a group of objects made to fit close together or one within another
6 : an emplaced group of weapons
lõb|is (2)
1. gėrybė, turtas: Sukrauti didelį ~į. L. budina, vargas migina (flk.).
2. prk. dvasinė, kultūrinė vertybė: Liaudies kūrybos l.
3. užkasti pinigai, paskandintas ar paslėptas turtas: Senų pinigų l. Rasti ~į
Main Entry: 1trea·sure
Pronunciation: \tre-zhər, trā-\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English tresor, from Anglo-French, from Latin thesaurus — more at THESAURUS
Date: 12th century
1 a (1) : wealth (as money, jewels, or precious metals) stored up or hoarded <buried treasure> (2) : wealth of any
kind or in any form : RICHES b : a store of money in reserve
2 : something of great worth or value; also : a person esteemed as rare or precious
3 : a collection of precious things
lóv|a (1)
1. gulimasis baldas: Siaura, plati, trumpa l. Sulankstomoji l. ~ą kloti, taisyti. Gulk į ~ą ir miegok. Kiek ~ų (vietų)
ligoninėje? Vaikas guli ~ģlėje, ~łtėje.
2. etnogr. vieta jaujoje tarp dviejų ardų; ant jų džiaunamas linų ar javų kiekis: Tris ~as linų išmynėme.
3. tarm. lysvė, ežia: Pasėjau ~ą agurkų.
… Į Prokrusto ~ą guldyti (niveliuoti)
Main Entry: 1bed
Pronunciation: \bed\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English bedd; akin to Old High German betti bed, Latin fodere to dig
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a piece of furniture on or in which to lie and sleep b (1) : a place of sex relations (2) : marital relationship
(3) : close association : CAHOOTS <a legislator in bed with lobbyists> c : a place for sleeping d : SLEEP; also : a
time for sleeping <took a walk before bed> e (1) : a mattress filled with soft material (2) : BEDSTEAD f : the
equipment and services needed to care for one hospitalized patient or hotel guest
2 : a flat or level surface: as a : a plot of ground prepared for plants; also : the plants grown in such a plot b : the
bottom of a body of water; especially : an area of sea bottom supporting a heavy growth of a particular organism
<an oyster bed>
3 : a supporting surface or structure : FOUNDATION
4 : LAYER, STRATUM
5 a : the place or material in which a block or brick is laid b : the lower surface of a brick, slate, or tile
6 : a mass or heap resembling a bed <a bed of ashes> <served on a bed of lettuce>
— in bed : in the act of sexual intercourse
140
lydekā (2)
zool. plėšri gėlųjų vandenų žuvis (Esox lucius)
Main Entry: 3pike
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural pike or pikes
Etymology: Middle English, from 1pike
Date: 14th century
1 a : a large elongate long-snouted freshwater bony fish (Esox lucius) valued for food and sport and widely
distributed in cooler parts of the northern hemisphere —called also northern, northern pike b : any of various
fishes (family Esocidae) related to the pike: as (1) : MUSKELLUNGE (2) : PICKEREL
2 : any of various fishes resembling the pike in appearance or habits
lėl|› (4)
1. mažo vaiko (ppr. mergaitės) pavidalo žaislas: Nupirko vaikui l›lę. Mergaitė kaip l. (labai graži).
2. žmogaus ar gyvulio figūra teatro vaidinimams: ~i‹ teatras.
3. šnek. naujagimis, kūdikis
Main Entry: doll
Pronunciation: \däl, dol\
Function: noun
Etymology: probably from Doll, nickname for Dorothy
Date: circa 1700
1 : a small-scale figure of a human being used especially as a child's plaything
2 a (1) : a pretty but often empty-headed young woman (2) : WOMAN b : DARLING, SWEETHEART c : an
attractive person
— doll·ish \dä-lish, do-\ adjective
— doll·ish·ly adverb
— doll·ish·ness noun
læp|a (1)
1. vienas iš dviejų burnos angos kraštų: Viršutinė, apatinė l. Plonos, storos ~os. Prikandęs ~ą klauso. Arklys
atvėpė, nukabino ~ą.
2. bot. lūpažiedžių ir kai kurių kitų augalų žiedo dalis (labium).
… ~ą krimsti (būti susirūpinusiam). ~ą patempti (pakabinti) (taisytis verkti). ~as sučiaupti (nutilti). ~as tampyti
(taisytis verkti). Pienas nuo ~ų nenudžiūvo (apie jauną, neprityrusį žmogų). Puse ~ų (neaiškiai, užuominomis)
pasakyti. Už ~os užmesti (kiek užvalgyti ar išgerti)
Main Entry: 1lip
Pronunciation: \lip\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English lippa; akin to Old High German leffur lip and probably to Latin
labium, labrum lip
Date: before 12th century
1 : either of two fleshy folds that surround the mouth in humans and many other vertebrates and are organs of
human speech essential to certain articulations; also : the red or pinkish margin of the human lip
2 slang : BACK TALK
3 a : a fleshy edge or margin (as of a wound) b : LABIUM c : LABELLUM 1 d : a limb of a labiate corolla
4 a : the edge of a hollow vessel or cavity b : a projecting edge: as (1) : the beveled upper edge of the mouth of
an organ flue pipe (2) : the sharp cutting edge on the end of a tool (as an auger) (3) : a short spout (as on a
pitcher) c : EDGE 2
5 : EMBOUCHURE
— lip·less \-ləs\ adjective
— lip·like \-līk\ adjective
141
læš|is, ~ies m. (1)
zool. dėmėtas miškų plėšrūnas (Lynx lynx): ~ies kailis
Main Entry: lynx
Pronunciation: \liŋ(k)s\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural lynx or lynx·es
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin, from Greek; akin to Old English lox lynx and probably to Greek leukos
white — more at LIGHT
Date: 14th century
: any of several wildcats with relatively long legs, a short stubby tail, mottled coat, and often tufted ears that are
thought to comprise a distinct genus (Lynx) of the cat family or to be part of a genus (Felis) that includes the
domestic cat and cougar as a : a lynx (L. lynx) of northern Europe and Asia b : BOBCAT c : a North American
lynx (L. canadensis) distinguished from the bobcat by its larger size, longer tufted ears, and wholly black tail tip
—called also Canadian lynx
[LYNX ILLUSTRATION]
medis (2)
1. daugiametis augalas su kamienu ir šakų vainiku: Aukštas, išsikerojęs m. Nukirsti, nupjauti, nuleisti, nugenėti
~dį. Voverė tupi ~dyje. Lipk į ~dį. Jaunas m. linksta, senas – lūžta (flk.). Aukštą ~dį visi vėjai lenkia (flk.).
2. tokio augalo nukirstas kamienas: ~džiłs plukdyti. Vyrai ~džiłs veža.
3. mediena: Išdrožė iš ~džio gandrą. Ąžuolo ~džio baldai. Mėsa kieta kaip m.
Main Entry: 1tree
Pronunciation: \ˈtrē\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English trēow; akin to Old Norse trē tree, Greek drys, Sanskrit dāru wood
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a woody perennial plant having a single usually elongate main stem generally with few or no branches on
its lower part b : a shrub or herb of arborescent form <rose trees> <a banana tree>
2 a (1) : a piece of wood (as a post or pole) usually adapted to a particular use or forming part of a structure or
implement (2) archaic : the cross on which Jesus was crucified b archaic : GALLOWS
3 : something in the form of or resembling a tree: as a : a diagram or graph that branches usually from a simple
stem or vertex without forming loops or polygons <a genealogical tree> <phylogenetic trees> b : a muchbranched system of channels especially in an animal body <the vascular tree>
4 : SADDLETREE
— tree·less \-ləs\ adjective
— tree·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
morkā, mõrkos (2)
bot. skėtinių šeimos daržovė ppr. raudonu saldžiu šakniavaisiu (Daucus): Valgomosios mõrkos. Gyvulinės,
pašarinės mõrkos. Mõrkų sultys
Main Entry: car·rot
Pronunciation: \ˈker-ət, ˈka-rət\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle French carotte, from Late Latin carota, from Greek karōton
Date: 1533
1 : a biennial herb (Daucus carota of the family Umbelliferae, the carrot family) with a usually orange spindleshaped edible root; also : its root
2 : a reward or advantage offered especially as an inducement
142
mól|is (1)
gabalinė žemė iš smulkiausių sukibusių dalelių: Žemė prie ~io. Asla plūkta ~iu. ~io puodas. Baltasis,
raudonasis, margasis m. M. tyžta, limpa, įdžiūvo. Sviesto kaip ~io (daug). Jis tik ~iui minkyti tetinka (niekam
vertas).
… ~io Motiejus (ištižėlis, liurbis). Ne iš ~io drėbtas (nežioplas). To paties ~io (toks pat)
Main Entry: clay
Pronunciation: \ˈklā\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English clǣg; akin to Old High German klīwa bran, Latin gluten glue,
Middle Greek glia
Date: before 12th century
1 a : an earthy material that is plastic when moist but hard when fired, that is composed mainly of fine particles
of hydrous aluminum silicates and other minerals, and that is used for brick, tile, and pottery; specifically : soil
composed chiefly of this material having particles less than a specified size b : EARTH, MUD
2 a : a substance that resembles clay in plasticity and is used for modeling b : the human body as distinguished
from the spirit c : fundamental nature or character <the common clay>
3 : CLAY COURT
— clay·ey \ˈklā-ē\ adjective
— clay·ish \ˈklā-ish\ adjective
— clay·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
mad|ā (4)
1. buities reikmenų, ypač aprangos, šukuosenos formų vyravimas tam tikru laiku: Rengiasi pagal paskutinę
mådą. Senos ~õs drabužiai. Vaikosi ~‹. Žiūri ~õs. ~‹ žurnalas. Išeiti iš ~õs. | prk.: Meno, kalbos mådos.
2. šnek. įpratimas, palinkimas: Turi mådą pavalgęs prigulti.
… Nė ~õs (visai ne)
Main Entry: 1fash·ion
Pronunciation: \ˈfa-shən\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English facioun, fasoun shape, manner, from Anglo-French façun, fauschoun, from Latin
faction-, factio act of making, faction, from facere to make — more at DO
Date: 14th century
1 a : the make or form of something b archaic : KIND, SORT
2 a : a distinctive or peculiar and often habitual manner or way <he will, after his sour fashion, tell you —
Shakespeare> b : mode of action or operation <assembled in an orderly fashion>
3 a : a prevailing custom, usage, or style b (1) : the prevailing style (as in dress) during a particular time (2) : a
garment in such a style <always wears the latest fashions> c : social standing or prominence especially as
signalized by dress or conduct <men and women of fashion>
— after a fashion : in an approximate or rough way <became an artist after a fashion>
synonyms FASHION, STYLE, MODE, VOGUE, FAD, RAGE, CRAZE mean the usage accepted by those who want to
be up-to-date. FASHION is the most general term and applies to any way of dressing, behaving, writing, or
performing that is favored at any one time or place <the current fashion>. STYLE often implies a distinctive
fashion adopted by people of taste <a media baron used to traveling in style>. MODE suggests the fashion of the
moment among those anxious to appear elegant and sophisticated <slim bodies are the mode at this resort>.
VOGUE stresses the wide acceptance of a fashion <short skirts are back in vogue>. FAD suggests caprice in taking
up or in dropping a fashion <last year's fad is over>. RAGE and CRAZE stress intense enthusiasm in adopting a
fad <Cajun food was the rage nearly everywhere for a time> <crossword puzzles once seemed just a passing
craze but have lasted>.
synonyms see in addition METHOD
143
magnźtas (2)
1. fiz. gamtinis ar dirbtinis kūnas, traukiantis geležį ir kai kuriuos kitus metalus.
2. prk. tai, kas turi traukiamąją jėgą
Main Entry: mag·net
Pronunciation: \ˈmag-nət\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English magnete, from Anglo-French, from Latin magnet-, magnes, from Greek magnēs
(lithos), literally, stone of Magnesia, ancient city in Asia Minor
Date: 15th century
1 a : LODESTONE b : a body having the property of attracting iron and producing a magnetic field external to
itself; specifically : a mass of iron, steel, or alloy that has this property artificially imparted
2 : something that attracts <a box-office magnet>
ma¤š|as (4)
1. didelis audeklinis, popierinis ar kitoks reikmuo biriems ar smulkiems daiktams laikyti; kiekis, telpantis į jį:
Pripylė ~ą rugių. Pilnas m. kaip akis. Ylos ~ź nepaslėpsi (flk.). Kaip iš ~o išlindo (netikėtai pasirodė). Kas
pirmiau į ~ą, tas paskiau iš ~o (flk.).
2. niek. storas, sudribęs gyvulys ar žmogus.
… Kiauras m. (besotis). ~ł trenktas (muštas) (nenormalus, kvailas)
Main Entry: 1sack
Pronunciation: \ˈsak\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English sak bag, sackcloth, from Old English sacc, from Latin saccus bag & Late Latin
saccus sackcloth, both from Greek sakkos bag, sackcloth, of Semitic origin; akin to Hebrew śaq bag, sackcloth
Date: before 12th century
1 : a usually rectangular-shaped bag (as of paper, burlap, or canvas)
2 : the amount contained in a sack; especially : a fixed amount of a commodity used as a unit of measure
3 a : a woman's loose-fitting dress b : a short usually loose-fitting coat for women and children c : SACQUE 2
4 : DISMISSAL <gave him the sack>
5 a : HAMMOCK, BUNK b : BED
6 : a base in baseball
7 : an instance of sacking the quarterback in football
— sack·ful \-ˌfu̇l\ noun
majonźzas (2)
kul. šaltas padažas iš kiaušinių trynių, aliejaus, acto ir įvairių prieskonių
Main Entry: may·on·naise
Pronunciation: \ˈmā-ə-ˌnāz, ˌmā-ə-ˈ\
Function: noun
Etymology: French
Date: 1841
: a dressing made of egg yolks, vegetable oils, and vinegar or lemon juice
mal¾nas (2)
1. grūdų malimo įmonė: Vėjo (vėjinis) m. Garinis, vandens, elektrinis m. Kepurinis m. M. stovi.
2. spec. įrenginys kietoms medžiagoms smulkiai malti: Skalūnų, smėlio m. Popieriaus m.
Main Entry: 1mill
Pronunciation: \ˈmil\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English mille, from Old English mylen, from Late Latin molina, molinum, from feminine and
neuter of molinus of a mill, of a millstone, from Latin mola mill, millstone; akin to Latin molere to grind —
more at MEAL
144
Date: before 12th century
1 : a building provided with machinery for grinding grain into flour
2 a : a machine or apparatus (as a quern) for grinding grain b : a machine for crushing or comminuting
3 : a machine that manufactures by the continuous repetition of some simple action
4 : a building or collection of buildings with machinery for manufacturing
5 a : a machine formerly used for stamping coins b : a machine for expelling juice from vegetable tissues by
pressure or grinding
6 : MILLING MACHINE, MILLING CUTTER
7 a : a slow, laborious, or mechanical process or routine b : one that produces or processes people or things
mechanically or in large numbers <a diploma mill> <a rumor mill>
8 : a difficult and often educational experience —used in the phrase through the mill
9 : the engine of an automobile or boat
mamutas (2)
zool. didžiulis iškastinis gyvulys, panašus į dramblį (Mammonteus primigenius)
Main Entry: 1mam·moth
Pronunciation: \ˈma-məth\
Function: noun
Etymology: Russian mamont, mamot
Date: 1706
1 : any of a genus (Mammuthus) of extinct Pleistocene mammals of the elephant family distinguished from
recent elephants by highly ridged molars, usually large size, very long tusks that curve upward, and welldeveloped body hair
2 : something immense of its kind <a mammoth company
mćrmur|as (1)
įvairių spalvų kieta kristalinė uoliena, vartojama skulptūroms, pastatams, apdailai: ~o skaldykla. ~o paminklas
Main Entry: 1mar·ble
Pronunciation: \ˈmär-bəl\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French marbre, from Latin marmor, from Greek marmaros
Date: 12th century
1 a : limestone that is more or less crystallized by metamorphism, that ranges from granular to compact in
texture, that is capable of taking a high polish, and that is used especially in architecture and sculpture b :
something (as a piece of sculpture) composed of or made from marble c : something suggesting marble (as in
hardness, coldness, or smoothness) <a heart of marble>
2 a : a little ball made of a hard substance (as glass) and used in various games b plural but sing in constr : any
of several games played with these little balls c plural : the rewards to be won in competition especially for a
championship —used in the phrase all the marbles <a game being played for all the marbles>
3 : MARBLING
4 plural : elements of common sense; especially : SANITY <persons who are born without all their marbles —
Arthur Miller>
— marble adjective
marškin|ia¤ dgs. (3a)
lengvo audinio liemens apdaras: Apatiniai, viršutiniai m. Ilgi, platūs, šilkiniai, švarūs m. Mćrškinius nusivilkti.
~ia¤s apsivilkti. Mćrškinius skalbti, plauti, lyginti. Vaikščioja vaikas vienais ~ia¤s. Vaiko ~›liai.
™ Tramdomieji m. (1. istor. drabužis neramiems psichiniams ligoniams tramdyti. 2. prk. tramdomoji priemonė).
… Paskutinius mćrškinius nuvilkti (viską atimti). Paskutinius mćrškinius nusivilkti (viską atiduoti)
Main Entry: shirt
Pronunciation: \ˈshərt\
Function: noun
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Etymology: Middle English shirte, from Old English scyrte; akin to Old Norse skyrta shirt, Old English scort
short
Date: before 12th century
1 : a garment for the upper part of the body: as a : a cloth garment usually having a collar, sleeves, a front
opening, and a tail long enough to be tucked inside trousers or a skirt b : UNDERSHIRT
2 : all or a large part of one's money or resources <lost his shirt on that business deal>
— shirt·less \-ləs\ adjective
1 måzg|as (4)
1. sumezgimas, surišimas; sumezgimo vieta: Tikrasis m. Piemenų, žvejų m. Siuvėjo m. Jūrinis m. ~ą užmegzti,
atmegzti. Botago ~ģliai.
2. prk. susikirtimo, susiėjimo, ryšio vieta: Geležinkelių m. Nervų, gyslų ~a¤.
3. į vieną vietą sutelktų bendros paskirties įrengimų visuma: Vilniaus radijo m. Betono gamybos m.
4. tech. iš detalių surenkama mechanizmo dalis.
5. daiktai, surišti į skepetą: Aguonų m. Pinigus riša į ~ģlį.
™ Kalės (šuns) m. (netaisyklingas mazgas, šunmazgis)
2 måzg|as (4)
spec. laivų greičio vienetas – per valandą nuplaukiamų jūrmylių skaičius: Laivo greitis – 20 ~‹
Main Entry: 1knot
Pronunciation: \ˈnät\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English cnotta; akin to Old High German knoto knot
Date: before 12th century
1 a : an interlacement of the parts of one or more flexible bodies forming a lump or knob (as for fastening or
tying together) b : the lump or knob so formed c : a tight constriction or the sense of constriction <my stomach
was all in knots>
2 : something hard to solve : PROBLEM <a matter full of legal knots>
3 : a bond of union; especially : the marriage bond
4 a : a protuberant lump or swelling in tissue <a knot in a gland> b : the base of a woody branch enclosed in the
stem from which it arises; also : its section in lumber
5 : a cluster of persons or things : GROUP
6 : an ornamental bow of ribbon : COCKADE
7 a : a division of the log's line serving to measure a ship's speed b (1) : one nautical mile per hour (2) : one
nautical mile —not used technically
8 : a closed curve in three-dimensional space
[KNOT ILLUSTRATION]
medål|is (2)
apdovanojimo už nuopelnus, pasižymėjimo ar atminimo ženklas: Aukso, sidabro m. Čempiono m. | prk.:
Atvirkščioji ~io pusė (kita, prastoji ko nors pusė)
Main Entry: 1med·al
Pronunciation: \ˈme-dəl\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle French medaille, from Old Italian medaglia coin worth half a denarius, medal, from Vulgar
Latin *medalis half, alteration of Late Latin medialis middle, from Latin medius — more at MID
Date: circa 1578
1 : a small usually metal object bearing a religious emblem or picture
2 : a piece of metal often resembling a coin and having a stamped design that is issued to commemorate a person
or event or awarded for excellence or achievement
med|łs (4)
bičių perdirbamas iš nektaro arba lipčiaus produktas: Bitės mģdų neša. Liepų, grikių m. Šįmet ~a÷s metai. Mģdų
imti, kopinėti. Suvalgysite už mģdų (skaniai). Gardu (saldu) kaip devyni mģdūs (flk.). Kieno burna karti, tam ir
146
m. nesaldus (flk.).
… ~a÷s mėnuo (sutuoktinių bendro gyvenimo pradžia)
Main Entry: 1hon·ey
Pronunciation: \ˈhə-nē\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural honeys
Etymology: Middle English hony, from Old English hunig; akin to Old High German honag honey, and
probably to Sanskrit kāñcana gold, Latin canicae bran
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a sweet viscid material elaborated out of the nectar of flowers in the honey sac of various bees b : a sweet
fluid resembling honey that is collected or elaborated by various insects
2 a : a loved one : SWEETHEART, DEAR b : a superlative example
3 : the quality or state of being sweet : SWEETNESS
4 : an attractive woman
mģdvilnė (1)
1. bot. dedešvinių šeimos augalas, kurio sėklos apaugusios ilgais plaukeliais, vartojamais verpalų pluoštui, ir
trumpais pūkais, iš kurių gaunama vata (Gossypium); to augalo pluoštas ar pūkai.
2. audinys iš to pluošto
Main Entry: 1cot·ton
Pronunciation: \ˈkä-tən\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English coton, from Anglo-French cotun, from Old Italian cotone, from Arabic quṭun, quṭn
Date: 14th century
1 a : a soft usually white fibrous substance composed of the hairs surrounding the seeds of various erect freely
branching tropical plants (genus Gossypium) of the mallow family b : a plant producing cotton; especially : one
grown for its cotton c : a crop of cotton
2 a : fabric made of cotton b : yarn spun from cotton
3 : a downy cottony substance produced by various plants (as the cottonwood)
[COTTON ILLUSTRATION]
medūzā (2)
zool. didelis skaidrus drebutinis varpo arba skėčio pavidalo plaukiojantis duobagyvis labai judriais ir labai
dilgiais čiuptuvais: Ausytoji m. (Aurelia aurita)
Main Entry: jel·ly·fish
Pronunciation: \ˈje-lē-ˌfish\
Function: noun
Date: 1841
1 a : a free-swimming marine coelenterate that is the sexually reproducing form of a hydrozoan or scyphozoan
and has a nearly transparent saucer-shaped body and extensible marginal tentacles studded with stinging cells b :
SIPHONOPHORE c : CTENOPHORE
2 : a person lacking backbone or firmness
[JELLYFISH ILLUSTRATION]
mģl|as (4)
tyčia sakoma neteisybė: Akiplėšiškas, gudrus m. M. per akis. Jie čia eina ~ł (meluodami ką daro). Su ~ł toli
nenueisi (flk.)
Main Entry: 4lie
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English lige, lie, from Old English lyge; akin to Old High German lugī, Old English lēogan
to lie
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Date: before 12th century
1 a : an assertion of something known or believed by the speaker to be untrue with intent to deceive b : an untrue
or inaccurate statement that may or may not be believed true by the speaker
2 : something that misleads or deceives
3 : a charge of lying
mergćit|ė (1)
1. moteriškosios lyties vaikas: Į mokyklą priimami berniukai ir ~ės.
2. bręstanti mergina.
3. šnek. Mergina
Main Entry: girl
Pronunciation: \ˈgər(-ə)l\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English gurle, girle young person of either sex
Date: 14th century
1 a : a female child from birth to adulthood b : DAUGHTER c : a young unmarried woman d sometimes offensive
: a single or married woman of any age
2 a : SWEETHEART b sometimes offensive : a female servant or employee
— girl·hood \-ˌhu̇d\ noun
mģtinės dgs. (1)
vienų ar daugiau metų atminimo sukaktis: Mirties m. Vilniaus atgavimo m.
Main Entry: an·ni·ver·sa·ry
Pronunciation: \ˌa-nə-ˈvərs-rē, -ˈvər-sə-\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural an·ni·ver·sa·ries
Etymology: Middle English anniversarie, from Medieval Latin anniversarium, from Latin, neuter of
anniversarius returning annually, from annus year + versus, past participle of vertere to turn — more at
ANNUAL, WORTH
Date: 13th century
1 : the annual recurrence of a date marking a notable event; broadly : a date that follows such an event by a
specified period of time measured in units other than years <the 6-month anniversary of the accident>
2 : the celebration of an anniversary
mešk|ā (4)
1. lokys: M. su lokiu abudu tokiu (flk.). Nuo vilko bėgo, ant ~õs užbėgo (flk.). Apžėlęs kaip m. Šoka kaip m. ant
dūmų (pyksta, priešinasi). M. galvą nutrūktų (nusisuktų) (didelė netvarka).
2. b. šnek. nerangus, nevikrus, nutukęs žmogus.
3. žr. tvoklė.
4. tarm. gulsčias dūmtakis nuo krosnies į kaminą.
… ~õs patarnavimas (nevykusi, žalos padaranti pagalba)
Main Entry: 1bear
Pronunciation: \ˈber\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural bears
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English bere, from Old English bera; akin to Old English brūn brown — more at BROWN
Date: before 12th century
1or plural bear : any of a family (Ursidae of the order Carnivora) of large heavy mammals of America and
Eurasia that have long shaggy hair, rudimentary tails, and plantigrade feet and feed largely on fruit, plant matter,
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and insects as well as on flesh
2 : a surly, uncouth, burly, or shambling person <a tall, friendly bear of a man>
3 [probably from the proverb about selling the bearskin before catching the bear] : one that sells securities or
commodities in expectation of a price decline — compare BULL
4 : something difficult to do or deal with <the oven is a bear to clean>
— bear·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
miģst|as (2)
didelė gyvenamoji vietovė, administracijos, prekybos, pramonės ir kultūros centras; tokios vietovės gyventojai:
Vilniaus m. ~o žmogus. Didelis, milijoninis m. ~o bokštai, pakraščiai. ~ź gyvena. Po ~łs trankosi. | prk.: Visas
m. išėjo į gatves
Main Entry: city
Pronunciation: \ˈsi-tē\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural cit·ies
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English citie large or small town, from Anglo-French cité, from Medieval Latin civitat-,
civitas, from Latin, citizenship, state, city of Rome, from civis citizen — more at HIND
Date: 13th century
1 a : an inhabited place of greater size, population, or importance than a town or village b : an incorporated
British town usually of major size or importance having the status of an episcopal see c capitalized (1) : the
financial district of London (2) : the influential financial interests of the British economy d : a usually large or
important municipality in the United States governed under a charter granted by the state e : an incorporated
municipal unit of the highest class in Canada
2 : CITY-STATE
3 : the people of a city
4 slang : a thing, event, or situation that is strongly characterized by a specified quintessential feature or quality
<the movie was shoot-out city>
miglā (4)
1. rūkas: Tamsi, tiršta m. M. krinta ant žemės – lietaus nebus. Vėjas mķglą išsklaidė. Matau kaip per mķglą.
2. geogr. oro drumstumas nuo kietų priemaišų: Sausoji m. Smėlio (dulkių) m. Dūminė m. Miesto m.
3. prk. didelė daugybė: M. žmonių.
4. b. apsileidėlis, snudas: Jis toks m.
… Mķglą pūsti (į akis) (meluoti, apgaudinėti)
Main Entry: 1mist
Pronunciation: \ˈmist\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English; akin to Middle Dutch mist mist, Greek omichlē
Date: before 12th century
1 : water in the form of particles floating or falling in the atmosphere at or near the surface of the earth and
approaching the form of rain
2 : something that obscures understanding <mists of antiquity>
3 : a film before the eyes
4 a : a cloud of small particles or objects suggestive of a mist b : a suspension of a finely divided liquid in a gas
c : a fine spray
5 : a drink of liquor served over cracked ice
mikrofņn|as (2)
garso perdavimo per atstumą elektrinis prietaisas: ~ź pasikeičia balsas. Kalbėjo per ~ą. Kalbėjo į ~ą
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Main Entry: mi·cro·phone
Pronunciation: \ˈmī-krə-ˌfōn\
Function: noun
Etymology: International Scientific Vocabulary
Date: 1878
: an instrument whereby sound waves are caused to generate or modulate an electric current usually for the
purpose of transmitting or recording sound (as speech or music)
— mi·cro·phon·ic \ˌmī-krə-ˈfä-nik\ adjective
mķlt|ai dgs. (1)
1. maltų grūdų produktas: Duoniniai, ruginiai, kvietiniai m. Smulkūs, valcuoti, rupūs m. ~us sijoti. Kokie m.,
tokia košė (flk.).
2. smulki, sumalta medžiaga: Pieno, žolės m.
… Į ~us sutrinti (sumalti) (lengvai įveikti, nugalėti)
Main Entry: 1flour
Pronunciation: \ˈflau̇(-ə)r\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English — more at FLOWER
Date: 13th century
1 : a product consisting of finely milled wheat; also : a similar product made from another grain or food product
(as dried potatoes or fish)
2 : a fine soft powder
— flour·less adjective
— floury \-ē\ adjective
mķnus|as (1)
1. mat. brūkšnelio pavidalo ženklas, reiškiantis atėmimą ar žymintis neigiamąjį skaičių.
2. prk. neigiama ypatybė, trūkumas, spraga: Jo rašinys turi daug ~ų
Main Entry: 2minus
Function: noun
Date: 1708
1 : a negative quantity
2 : a negative quality; especially : DRAWBACK
mirt|ķs, ~iģs m. (4)
1. gyvenimo nutrūkimas: Staigi m. Savo ~imķ mirti. Po tėvo ~iģs (tėvui mirus). Nuteisė ~imķ. Išgelbėjo iš ~iģs
nagų. Mi»čiai į akis žiūrėti (būti mirties pavojuje). ~iģs (visiška) tyla.
2. prk. žūtis, žlugimas.
™ ~iģs kilpa (lėktuvo skridimas kreiva uždara linija statmenoje plokštumoje). ~iģs taškas (1. rimties taškas. 2.
gyvenimo veiklos sustingimas).
… Su ~imķ dalytis; ~imķ vaduotis (merdėti)
Main Entry: death
Pronunciation: \deth\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English deeth, from Old English dēath; akin to Old Norse dauthi death, deyja to die — more
at DIE
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a permanent cessation of all vital functions : the end of life — compare BRAIN DEATH b : an instance of
dying <a disease causing many deaths>
2 a : the cause or occasion of loss of life <drinking was the death of him> b : a cause of ruin <the slander that
was death to my character — Wilkie Collins>
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3 capitalized : the destroyer of life represented usually as a skeleton with a scythe
4 : the state of being dead
5 a : the passing or destruction of something inanimate <the death of vaudeville> b : EXTINCTION
6 : CIVIL DEATH
7 : SLAUGHTER
8 Christian Science : the lie of life in matter : that which is unreal and untrue
— at death's door : close to death : critically ill
— to death : beyond endurance : EXCESSIVELY <bored to death>
mķt|as (2)
1. senovinis fantastinis pasakojimas apie antgamtines būtybes, pasaulio ir gamtos reiškinių kilmę, nepaprastus
didvyrius: Graikų ~ai.
2. prk. fantazija, prasimanymas: Neklaidingumo m.
Main Entry: myth
Pronunciation: \mith\
Function: noun
Etymology: Greek mythos
Date: 1830
1 a : a usually traditional story of ostensibly historical events that serves to unfold part of the world view of a
people or explain a practice, belief, or natural phenomenon b : PARABLE, ALLEGORY
2 a : a popular belief or tradition that has grown up around something or someone; especially : one embodying
the ideals and institutions of a society or segment of society <seduced by the American myth of individualism —
Orde Coombs> b : an unfounded or false notion
3 : a person or thing having only an imaginary or unverifiable existence
4 : the whole body of myths
mķšk|as (4)
1. medžiais apaugusi vieta: Eglių, beržų m. Skynimas baigia ~ł augti. Rugiai sužėlė kaip m. Per pelkes bridome,
~a¤s ėjome. ~‹ ūkis. Alksnių ~ģlis. ~o paukštis į ~ą ir žiūri (flk.).
2. tos vietos medžiai: Daug ~o privežė. ~o medžiaga. ~o plukdymas
Main Entry: 1for·est
Pronunciation: \ˈfȯr-əst, ˈfär-\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Late Latin forestis (silva) unenclosed (woodland), from
Latin foris outside — more at FORUM
Date: 13th century
1 : a dense growth of trees and underbrush covering a large tract
2 : a tract of wooded land in England formerly owned by the sovereign and used for game
3 : something resembling a forest especially in profusion or lushness <a forest of microphones> <a kelp forest>
— for·est·al \-əs-təl\ or fo·res·tial \fə-ˈres-tē-əl, fȯ-, -ˈres(h)-chəl\ adjective
— for·est·ed \ˈfȯr-ə-stəd, ˈfär-\ adjective
mokyklā (2)
1. mokymo bei auklėjimo įstaiga: Pradinė, vidurinė, aukštoji m. Medicinos, muzikos, kultūros m. Į mokżklą
priimti, eiti, leisti.
2. patalpa, pastatas, kur mokoma: Pastatė naują mūrinę mokżklą.
3. mokslo, meno, literatūros pakraipa, srovė: Geros mokżklos paveikslas
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Main Entry: 1school
Pronunciation: \skül\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English scole, from Old English scōl, from Latin schola, from Greek scholē leisure,
discussion, lecture, school; perhaps akin to Greek echein to hold — more at SCHEME
Date: before 12th century
1 : an organization that provides instruction: as a : an institution for the teaching of children b : COLLEGE,
UNIVERSITY c (1) : a group of scholars and teachers pursuing knowledge together that with similar groups
constituted a medieval university (2) : one of the four faculties of a medieval university (3) : an institution for
specialized higher education often associated with a university <the school of engineering> d : an establishment
offering specialized instruction <a secretarial school> <driving schools>
2 a (1) : the process of teaching or learning especially at a school (2) : attendance at a school (3) : a session of a
school b : a school building c : the students attending a school; also : its teachers and students
3 : a source of knowledge <experience was his school>
4 a : a group of persons who hold a common doctrine or follow the same teacher (as in philosophy, theology, or
medicine) <the Aristotelian school>; also : the doctrine or practice of such a group b : a group of artists under a
common influence c : a group of persons of similar opinions or behavior; also : the shared opinions or behavior
of such a group <other schools of thought>
5 : the regulations governing military drill of individuals or units; also : the exercises carried out <the school of
the soldier>
móter|is, ~s (~ies), ~ų m. (1)
1. vaikus gimdančios lyties žmogus, ppr. suaugęs: Vyrai šieną pjovė, ~ys grėbė. ~ys pas mus lygiateisės su
vyrais.
2. tos lyties ištekėjęs žmogus; prš. mergina.
3. šnek. žmona, pati: Paėmė ją sau už ~į
Main Entry: wom·an
Pronunciation: \wu-mən, especially Southern wō- or wə-\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural wom·en \wi-mən\
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English wīfman, from wīf woman, wife + man human being, man
Date: before 12th century
1 a : an adult female person b : a woman belonging to a particular category (as by birth, residence, membership,
or occupation) —usually used in combination <councilwoman>
2 : WOMANKIND
3 : distinctively feminine nature : WOMANLINESS
4 : a woman who is a servant or personal attendant
5 a chiefly dialect : WIFE b : MISTRESS c : GIRLFRIEND 2
— woman adjective
— wom·an·less \-ləs\ adjective
mu¤l|as (4)
medžiaga, gaminama iš riebalų ir šarmo, vartojama plauti, skalbti: Prausiamas, skalbiamas m. Žaliasis m.
Skystasis, gabalinis m. M. gerai putoja. Nusiprausk su ~ł. Bulvės kaip m. (skystos, negardžios).
™ ~o akmuo (chem. natrio šarmas).
… ~o burbulas (tuščias, išpūstas dalykas)
Main Entry: 1soap
Pronunciation: \sōp\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English sope, from Old English sāpe; akin to Old High German seifa soap
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a cleansing and emulsifying agent made usually by action of alkali on fat or fatty acids and consisting
essentially of sodium or potassium salts of such acids b : a salt of a fatty acid and a metal
2 : SOAP OPERA
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młs|ė (2) zool.
dvisparnių būrio vabzdys (Musca): Kambarinė m. (M. domestica). M. kandiklė (Stomoxys calcitrans). Naminė m.
(Muscina stabulans). Vasarojinė m. (Phorbia genitalis). Mažos ~ģlės, ~ōtės. ~ių nutupėtas langas. Lenda kaip
~ės prie medaus. Kaip ~ės krito (masiškai mirė, žuvo). Prisirinko kaip ~ių (daug).
… Kaip ~ę kandęs (nieko nelaimėjęs, susigėdęs, nepatenkintas).
~ės dgs. (2) zool. kelios panašių vabzdžių šeimos: Tikrosios ~ės (Muscidae). ~ės plėšrūnės (Asilidae). ~ės
maitėdės (Calliphoridae)
Main Entry: 4fly
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural flies
Etymology: Middle English flie, from Old English flēoge; akin to Old High German flioga fly, Old English
flēogan to fly
Date: before 12th century
1 : a winged insect —usually used in combination <mayflies> <butterfly>
2 a : any of a large order (Diptera) of winged or rarely wingless insects (as the housefly, mosquito, or gnat) that
have the anterior wings functional, the posterior wings reduced to halteres, and segmented often headless,
eyeless, and legless larvae — compare MAGGOT b : a large stout-bodied fly
3 : a fishhook dressed (as with feathers or tinsel) to suggest an insect
— fly in the ointment : a detracting factor or element
muziejus (2)
įstaiga, kur renkami, laikomi, tiriami ir rodomi materialinės ir dvasinės kultūros dalykai; tos įstaigos pastatas ar
patalpos: Kraštotyros m. Istorijos, literatūros m. Memorialinis m.
Main Entry: mu·se·um
Pronunciation: \myu-zē-əm\
Function: noun
Etymology: Latin Museum place for learned occupation, from Greek Mouseion, from neuter of Mouseios of the
Muses, from Mousa
Date: 1672
: an institution devoted to the procurement, care, study, and display of objects of lasting interest or value; also : a
place where objects are exhibited
mėn|uo, ~esio v. (1)
1. mėnulis: Jaunas m. M. šviečia, bet nešildo (flk.). Pakaušyje ~es›lis šviečia (nuplikęs).
2. laiko skaičiavimo vienetas – dvyliktoji metų dalis: Gegužės m.
3. tokios trukmės laiko tarpas: Jis jau visas m. serga. Paršiukai jau dviejų ~esių
Main Entry: 1moon
Pronunciation: \mün\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English mone, from Old English mōna; akin to Old High German māno moon, Latin mensis
month, Greek mēn month, mēnē moon
Date: before 12th century
1 a often capitalized : the earth's natural satellite that shines by the sun's reflected light, revolves about the earth
from west to east in about 291⁄2 days with reference to the sun or about 271⁄3 days with reference to the stars, and
has a diameter of 2160 miles (3475 kilometers), a mean distance from the earth of about 238,900 miles (384,400
kilometers), and a mass about one eightieth that of the earth —usually used with the b : one complete moon
cycle consisting of four phases c : SATELLITE 2; specifically : a natural satellite of a planet
2 : an indefinite usually extended period of time <a labor of many moons>
3 : MOONLIGHT
4 : something that resembles a moon: as a : a highly translucent spot on old porcelain b : LUNULE c slang :
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naked buttocks
5 : something impossible or inaccessible <reach for the moon>
— moon·like \-līk\ adjective
— over the moon : very pleased : in high spirits
mės|ā (4)
1. maistui vartojamos skerdienos dalys: Išvirė kopūstų su ~ā. ~õs gabalas. Virta, kepta, rūkyta, sūdyta, šviežia,
sena m. Kad bus duonelės, bus ir ~ģlės (flk.). Pigią m›są šunys ėda (flk.).
2. dgs. poodiniai kūno audiniai: Taip susidraskė, kad net m›sos išvirto.
3. apkūnumas, riebumas: Arklys eina į m›są (tunka). Kiaulei dar reikia ~õs.
4. vaisių, uogų minkštimas
Main Entry: meat
Pronunciation: \mēt\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English mete, from Old English; akin to Old High German maz food
Date: before 12th century
1 a : FOOD; especially : solid food as distinguished from drink b : the edible part of something as distinguished
from its covering (as a husk or shell)
2 : animal tissue considered especially as food: a : FLESH 2b; also : flesh of a mammal as opposed to fowl or
fish b : FLESH 1a; specifically : flesh of domesticated animals
3 archaic : 1MEAL 1; especially : DINNER
4 a : the core of something : HEART b : PITH 2b <a novel with meat>
5 : favorite pursuit or interest
— meat·ed \mē-təd\ adjective
— meat·less adjective
nåm|as (4)
gyvenamasis trobesys: Medinis, mūrinis n. ~ą stato, įrengia, dažo, remontuoja. Gyvenamųjų ~‹ fondas. ~‹
valdyba
Main Entry: 1house
Pronunciation: \ˈhau̇s\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural hous·es \ˈhau̇-zəz also -səz\
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English hous, from Old English hūs; akin to Old High German hūs house
Date: before 12th century
1 : a building that serves as living quarters for one or a few families : HOME
2 a (1) : a shelter or refuge (as a nest or den) of a wild animal (2) : a natural covering (as a test or shell) that
encloses and protects an animal or a colony of zooids b : a building in which something is housed <a carriage
house>
3 a : one of the 12 equal sectors in which the celestial sphere is divided in astrology b : a zodiacal sign that is the
seat of a planet's greatest influence
4 a : HOUSEHOLD b : a family including ancestors, descendants, and kindred <the house of Tudor>
5 a : a residence for a religious community or for students b : the community or students in residence
6 a : a legislative, deliberative, or consultative assembly; especially : one constituting a division of a bicameral
body b : the building or chamber where such an assembly meets c : a quorum of such an assembly
7 a : a place of business or entertainment <a movie house> b (1) : a business organization <a publishing house>
(2) : a gambling establishment c : the audience in a theater or concert hall <a full house on opening night>
8 : the circular area 12 feet in diameter surrounding the tee and within which a curling stone must rest in order to
count
9 [from The Warehouse, Chicago dance club that pioneered the style] : a type of dance music mixed by a disc
jockey that features overdubbing with a heavy repetitive drumbeat and repeated electronic melody lines
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— house·ful \ˈhau̇s-ˌfu̇l\ noun
— house·less \ˈhau̇-sləs\ adjective
— house·less·ness noun
— on the house : without charge : FREE
nós|is, ~ies m. (1)
1. atsikišusi veido dalis su dviem skylutėmis kvėpuoti; uoslės organas: Tiesi, smaili, kumpa n. Kvėpuoja, kalba
pro ~į. Nusišnypštė ~į. N. varva, bėga. Kalbasi, ~is sukišę (arti vienas kito). Tik n. kėkso (labai sulysęs). N.
užkimšta, nieko neužuodžiu.
2. šnipas (gyvulio): Kiaulės n.
3. prk. atsikišusi, smaili daikto dalis (laivo priekis, indo snapelis, bato galas ir kt.).
… Iš ~ies į burną (į gerklę) (labai mažai, menkai išmanyti). Iš po ~ies (iš čia pat). Nė ~ies nerodyti (neparodyti)
(neateiti, neužvažiuoti). Ne po ~imi (nepatinka). Ne (kieno) ~iai (ne pagal išgales). ~į durti (pakvipti). ~į gauti
(patirti gėdą). ~į įbesti (prisikišus žiūrėti). ~į įkišti (trumpam įeiti). ~į iškišti (trumpam išeiti). N. ištįso (prailgo
belaukiant). ~į kelti (didžiuotis). ~į kišti (kaišioti) (domėtis, maišytis į kieno nors reikalus). ~į kyštelėti (trumpam
pasirodyti; pasižiūrėti). ~į laužti (dvokti). ~į nešti (didžiuotis). ~į nudurti (nukabinti, nukabti, nuleisti, nunerti)
(nusiminti). N. nuknabo (nusiminė). ~į nušluostyti (pasirodyti gudresniam, sugėdinti). ~į pakabinti (nusiminti).
~į pakelti (pasidaryti išdidžiam). ~į raukyti (rodyti nepasitenkinimą). ~į riesti (didžiuotis). ~į sukti (rodyti
nedraugiškumą, pykti; dvokti). ~į susukęs (piktas, nepatenkintas). ~ies tiesumu (tiesiai, nežiūrint kelio). ~į
užlaužti (didžiuotis). ~į užrietęs (išdidus, pasipūtęs). Per ~į braukyti (kvailu laikyti). Per ~į gauti (būti
sugėdintam). Po ~imi (čia pat, arti; negarsiai). Sulig savo ~imi (pagal save). Toliau savo ~ies nemato (tik savimi
rūpinasi). Už ~ies vedžioti (naudotis piktam kito pasitikėjimu; neduoti valios)
Main Entry: 1nose
Pronunciation: \ˈnōz\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English nosu; akin to Old High German nasa nose, Latin nasus
Date: before 12th century
1 a : the part of the face that bears the nostrils and covers the anterior part of the nasal cavity; broadly : this part
together with the nasal cavity b : the anterior part of the head at the top or end of the muzzle : SNOUT,
PROBOSCIS
2 a : the sense of smell : OLFACTION b : AROMA, BOUQUET
3 : the vertebrate olfactory organ
4 a : the forward end or projection of something b : the projecting or working end of a tool
5 : the stem of a boat or its protective metal covering
6 a : the nose as a symbol of prying or meddling curiosity or interference b : a knack for discovery or
understanding <a keen nose for absurdity>
— on the nose 1 a : at or to a target point <the bombs landed right on the nose> b (1) : on target : ACCURATE
(2) : ACCURATELY
2 : to win —used of horse or dog racing bets
— under one's nose : extremely near to one <the answer was right under our noses>; also : brazenly in or as if
in one's presence <embezzling funds right under his nose>
nakt|ķs, ~iģs, ~‹ m. (4)
laikas nuo vakaro iki ryto: Tamsi, niauri, gūdi n. Žvaigždėta n. Vakar nåktį lijo. Kiaurą (visą) nåktį važiavau.
~imķs dar pašąla. Iš ~iģs (naktį) susirgau. Iš ~iģs kad pridygę grybų! Į nåktį darosi vėsu. Joja arklius ~iģs (į
naktigonę). Šią ~ģlę per ~ģlę miego nemiegojau (d.). ~iģs darbai, dienos juokai (flk.). Jų darbai skiriasi kaip
diena nuo ~iģs.
™ Baltoji n. (šviesi vidurvasario naktis šiaurės kraštuose). Poliarinė (šiaurės) n. (metų dalis, kada saulė
nusileidusi).
… Labos ~iģs (labanaktis). Nåktį gimęs (neišmanėlis). ~iģs paukštis (naktibalda)
Main Entry: 1night
Pronunciation: \ˈnīt\
Function: noun
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Etymology: Middle English, from Old English niht; akin to Old High German naht night, Latin noct-, nox,
Greek nykt-, nyx
Date: before 12th century
1 : the time from dusk to dawn when no sunlight is visible
2 a : an evening or night taken as an occasion or point of time <the opening night> b : an evening set aside for a
particular purpose
3 a : the quality or state of being dark b : a condition or period felt to resemble the darkness of night: as (1) : a
period of dreary inactivity or affliction (2) : absence of moral values c : the beginning of darkness : NIGHTFALL
— night·less \-ləs\ adjective
nņrma (1)
1. pripažinta privaloma taisyklė, nuostatas: Teisės n. Kalbos n. Elgesio n.
2. nustatytas kiekis, dydis: Išdirbio n. Laistymo n.
Main Entry: norm
Pronunciation: \ˈnȯrm\
Function: noun
Etymology: Latin norma, literally, carpenter's square
Date: 1674
1 : an authoritative standard : MODEL
2 : a principle of right action binding upon the members of a group and serving to guide, control, or regulate
proper and acceptable behavior
3 : AVERAGE: as a : a set standard of development or achievement usually derived from the average or median
achievement of a large group b : a pattern or trait taken to be typical in the behavior of a social group c : a
widespread or usual practice, procedure, or custom <standing ovations became the norm>
4 a : a real-valued nonnegative function defined on a vector space with value analogous to length and satisfying
the conditions that the function is zero if and only if the vector is zero, the function of the product of a scalar and
a vector is equal to the product of the absolute value of the scalar and the function of the vector, and the function
of the sum of two vectors is less than or equal to the sum of the functions of the two vectors; specifically : the
square root of the sum of the squares of the absolute values of the elements of a matrix or of the components of a
vector b : the greatest distance between two successive points of a set of points that partition an interval into
smaller intervals
synonyms see AVERAGE
någ|as (4)
1. raginė antauga žmogaus, gyvulio ar paukščio piršto gale: Nusikarpyk ~łs. Susimušiau pirštą, tai ~ą nuvarė. N.
žydi (atsirado baltų dėmelių). Katės ~a¤ aštrūs. Vanagas nutvėrė vištą ~a¤s.
2. šakių, akėčių virbas; šiaip koks įrankis: Mėždamas nulaužė šakių ~ą. Paimk ~ą ir ištrauk vinį.
3. šnek. šykštuolis: Iš tokio ~o nieko negausi.
… Į ~ą imti (paimti) (griežtai barti, drausminti). Nė per ~o juodymą (nė kiek)
Main Entry: 1nail
Pronunciation: \ˈnāl\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English nægl; akin to Old High German nagal nail, fingernail, Latin
unguis fingernail, toenail, claw, Greek onyx
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a horny sheath protecting the upper end of each finger and toe of humans and most other primates b : a
structure (as a claw) that terminates a digit and corresponds to a nail
2 : a slender usually pointed and headed fastener designed to be pounded in
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nór|as (1)
vidinis traukimas save patenkinti, ką nors gauti, pasiekti ir t.t.: N. keliauti, dainuoti, valgyti. Išpildyti, patenkinti
visus ~us. Jis kupinas gerų ~ų (geros valios). Daryk pagal jo ~ą. Degti ~u (labai norėti). Savo ~u (neverčiamas)
išėjo. Visko buvo lig ~o (pakankamai).
… Viso ~o (visiškai; užtektinai)
Main Entry: 2wish
Function: noun
Date: 14th century
1 a : an act or instance of wishing or desire : WANT <a wish to travel> b : an object of desire : GOAL
2 a : an expressed will or desire : MANDATE b : a request or command couched as a wish
3 : an invocation of good or evil fortune on someone
nłgar|a (1)
1. liemens dalis nuo sprando iki kryžkaulio: Gulėti ant ~os. ~ą sulenkti. Vaikščioja, rankas už ~os susidėjęs.
Šaltis perėjo per ~ą. Stovi į mus ~a (nugarą atsukęs). Nešė ant ~os užsimetęs maišą.
2. drabužio dalis prie tos liemens dalies: Švarko n.
3. prk. užpakalinė ar viršutinė daikto dalis: Krosnies, kalno n.
… ~ą atsukti (atgręžti) (palikti). ~ą dailinti (mušti). ~ą ištiesti (pailsėti, atsikvėpti). ~ą lenkti (pataikauti). ~ą
parodyti (pabėgti). ~ą skalbti (skalauti) (mušti). Už ~os (dengiantis, nemačiomis)
Main Entry: 1back
Pronunciation: \ˈbak\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English bæc; akin to Old High German bah back, Old Norse bak
Date: before 12th century
1 a (1) : the rear part of the human body especially from the neck to the end of the spine (2) : the body
considered as the wearer of clothes (3) : capacity for labor, effort, or endurance (4) : the back considered as the
seat of one's awareness of duty or failings <get off my back> (5) : the back considered as an area of vulnerability
<the police officer's partner always watches his back> b : the part of a lower animal (as a quadruped)
corresponding to the human back c : SPINAL COLUMN d : SPINE 1c
2 a : the side or surface opposite the front or face : the rear part; also : the farther or reverse side b : something
at or on the back for support <back of a chair> c : a place away from the front <sat in back>
3 : a position in some games (as football or soccer) behind the front line of players; also : a player in this
position
— backed \ˈbakt\ adjective
— back·less \ˈbak-ləs\ adjective
— back of one's hand or back of the hand : a show of contempt
— back of one's mind : the remote part of one's mind where thoughts and memories are stored to be drawn on
— behind one's back : without one's knowledge : in secret
— in back of : BEHIND
nuod|a¤ dgs. (4)
1. organizmui kenksminga, gyvybę atimanti medžiaga: Gyvatės n. Augaliniai, cheminiai, greitai veikiantys n.
Mirtina ~‹ dozė. Alkoholis, nikotinas yra n.
2. prk. žalingos, kenksmingos idėjos: Dvasios n.
Main Entry: 1poi·son
Pronunciation: \ˈpȯi-zən\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French poisun drink, potion, poison, from Latin potion-, potio drink —
more at POTION
Date: 13th century
157
1 a : a substance that through its chemical action usually kills, injures, or impairs an organism b (1) : something
destructive or harmful (2) : an object of aversion or abhorrence
2 : a substance that inhibits the activity of another substance or the course of a reaction or process <a catalyst
poison>
nśodėm|ė (1)
1. bažn. peržengimas religinių, dorovinių taisyklių, nusidėjimas: Išpažinti ~es. Gailėtis už ~es. Atleisti ~es. Sunki
n.
2. prk. smerktinas elgesys.
3. prk. yda, trūkumas: Arklys be ~ės
Main Entry: 1sin
Pronunciation: \ˈsin\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English sinne, from Old English synn; akin to Old High German sunta sin and probably to
Latin sont-, sons guilty, est is — more at IS
Date: before 12th century
1 a : an offense against religious or moral law b : an action that is or is felt to be highly reprehensible <it's a sin
to waste food> c : an often serious shortcoming : FAULT
2 a : transgression of the law of God b : a vitiated state of human nature in which the self is estranged from God
synonyms see OFFENSE
1 nuotaka (1)
tekanti mergina, jaunoji
Main Entry: bride
Pronunciation: \ˈbrīd\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English brȳd; akin to Old High German brūt bride
Date: before 12th century
: a woman just married or about to be married
óras (3)
1. dujos, supančios Žemę, atmosfera: Kvėpuojame grynu óru. Ligonis gaudo órą burna. Troškus, gaivus,
dulkėtas ó.
2. vieta po dangumi, laukas: Išėjo į órą. Nebūk orź, eik į vidų.
3. erdvė viršum Žemės, dangus: Orź girdėti paukščių čiulbėjimas. Óro laivas, transportas, linija, paštas.
4. ppr. dgs. atmosferos sąlygų būsena tam tikru laiku: Geras, drėgnas, vėjuotas, gražus ó. Užėjo šilti ora¤. Or‹
prognozė. Tai orģlis!
◊ Iš óro pagauti (pramanyti)
Main Entry: 1air
Pronunciation: \ˈer\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin aer, from Greek aēr
Date: 14th century
1 a archaic : BREATH b : the mixture of invisible odorless tasteless gases (as nitrogen and oxygen) that
surrounds the earth c : a light breeze
2 a : empty space b : NOTHINGNESS <vanished into thin air> c : a sudden severance of relations <she gave me
the air>
3 [probably translation of Italian aria] a : TUNE, MELODY b Elizabethan & Jacobean music : an accompanied
song or melody in usually strophic form c : the chief voice part or melody in choral music
158
4 a : outward appearance of a thing <an air of luxury> b : a surrounding or pervading influence : ATMOSPHERE
<an air of mystery> c : the look, appearance, or bearing of a person especially as expressive of some personal
quality or emotion : DEMEANOR <an air of dignity> d : an artificial or affected manner <put on airs>
5 : public utterance <he gave air to his opinion>
6 : COMPRESSED AIR
7 a (1) : AIRCRAFT <go by air> (2) : AVIATION <air safety> <air rights> (3) : AIR FORCE <air headquarters> b
(1) : the medium of transmission of radio waves; also : RADIO, TELEVISION <went on the air> (2) : AIRTIME
8 : a football offense utilizing primarily the forward pass <trailing by 20 points, the team took to the air>
9 : an air-conditioning system
10 : the height achieved in performing an aerial maneuver <a snowboarder catching big air>; also : the
maneuver itself
synonyms see POSE
— air·less \-ləs\ adjective
— air·less·ness noun
— in the air : in wide circulation : ABOUT
— up in the air : not yet settled
ožk|ā (3)
1. gyvulys, laikomas pienui, vilnoms ir mėsai: O. bliauna. ~õs pienas riebus. ~õs s¾ris. Ant palinkusio karklo
visos óžkos lipa (flk.). O. – prasigyventi, o. – nusigyventi (flk.). Ir o. sveika, ir vilkas sotus (apie skirtingų norų,
dalykų suderinimą).
2. laukinių ožių patelė.
3. šnek. nerimta, lengvabūdė mergina: Nesusidėk su ta óžka.
4. šnek. metant audeklą, padaryta klaida, permetimas.
5. zool. karpinių šeimos jūrų ir marių žuvis, primenanti silkę (Pelecus cultratus)
Main Entry: goat
Pronunciation: \ˈgōt\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural goats
Etymology: Middle English gote, from Old English gāt; akin to Old High German geiz goat, Old Norse geit,
Latin haedus kid
Date: before 12th century
1 a or plural goat : any of various hollow-horned ruminant mammals (especially of the genus Capra) related to
the sheep but of lighter build and with backwardly arching horns, a short tail, and usually straight hair; especially
: one (Capra hircus) long domesticated for its milk, wool, and flesh b capitalized : CAPRICORN
2 : a licentious man : LECHER
3 : SCAPEGOAT 2
— goat·ish \ˈgō-tish\ adjective
— goat·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
omåras (2)
zool. valgomas didelis dešimtkojis jūrų vėžys su stambiomis žnyplėmis (Homarus ir Nephrops): Europinis o. (H.
vulgaris)
Main Entry: lob·ster
Pronunciation: \ˈläb-stər\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English loppestre, from loppe spider
Date: before 12th century
1 : any of a family (Nephropidae and especially Homarus americanus) of large edible marine decapod
crustaceans that have stalked eyes, a pair of large claws, and a long abdomen and that include species from
coasts on both sides of the North Atlantic and from the Cape of Good Hope
2 : SPINY LOBSTER
159
— lob·ster·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
[LOBSTER ILLUSTRATION]
oåzė (2)
1. vieta dykumoje, kur yra vandens ir augalų.
2. prk. reiškinys, sudarantis malonią išimtį
Main Entry: oa·sis
Pronunciation: \ō-ˈā-səs\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural oa·ses \-ˌsēz\
Etymology: Late Latin, from Greek
Date: 1613
1 : a fertile or green area in an arid region (as a desert)
2 : something that provides refuge, relief, or pleasant contrast
obuol|żs (3a)
1. obelies vaisius: Rūgštinis, saldinis, miltingas, sunokęs o. ~ia¤ labai kirmija. Nusipurtyk ~i‹. Skina, raško
óbuolius. Šakos lūžta ~ia¤s (daug auga). Veideliai kaip ~›liai (raudoni, gražūs).
2. šio vaisiaus pavidalo daiktas, dėmė: ~ia¤s muštas arklys.
™ Adomo o. (anat. gerklų iškyšulys; prominentia laryngea). Akies o. (anat. bulbus oculi)
Main Entry: ap·ple
Pronunciation: \ˈa-pəl\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English appel, from Old English æppel; akin to Old High German apful apple, Old Irish
ubull, Old Church Slavic ablŭko
Date: before 12th century
1 : the fleshy usually rounded red, yellow, or green edible pome fruit of a usually cultivated tree (genus Malus)
of the rose family; also : an apple tree — compare CRAB APPLE
2 : a fruit (as a star apple) or other vegetative growth (as an oak apple) suggestive of an apple
— apple of one's eye : one that is highly cherished <his daughter is the apple of his eye>
óda (1), odā (4)
1. viršutinis žmogaus ar gyvulio kūno sluoksnis: Švelni, sausa, lygi ó. Pašiurpusi ó. Nuo šalčio ó. susitraukė,
paraudo. Ódos ligos.
2. nuluptas ir išdirbtas gyvulio kailis: Ódų dirbtuvė. Dirbtinė ó.
… Ó. ir kaulai (apie labai sulysusį gyvulį ar žmogų)
Main Entry: 1skin
Pronunciation: \ˈskin\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old Norse skinn; akin to Old English scinn skin, Middle High German schint
fruit peel
Date: 13th century
1 a (1) : the integument of an animal (as a fur-bearing mammal or a bird) separated from the body usually with
its hair or feathers (2) : a usually unmounted specimen of a vertebrate (as in a museum) b : the hide or pelt of a
game or domestic animal c (1) : the pelt of an animal prepared for use as a trimming or in a garment — compare
160
4
HIDE (2) : a sheet of parchment or vellum made from a hide (3) : BOTTLE 1b
2 a : the external limiting tissue layer of an animal body; especially : the 2-layered covering of a vertebrate body
consisting of an outer epidermis and an inner dermis b : an outer covering (as a rind or husk) of a fruit or seed c :
a membranous film or scum (as on boiling milk or drying paint)
3 : the life or physical well-being of a person <saved his own skin>
4 : a sheathing or casing forming the outside surface of a structure (as a ship or airplane)
— skin·less \-ləs\ adjective
— by the skin of one's teeth : by a very narrow margin
— under one's skin : so deeply penetrative as to irritate, stimulate, provoke thought, or otherwise excite
— under the skin : beneath apparent or surface differences : at heart
órkaitė (1)
virtuvės krosnyje ar viryklėje įrengta dėžė maistui kepti ar šiltai laikyti
Main Entry: ov·en
Pronunciation: \ˈə-vən\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English ofen; akin to Old High German ofan oven and perhaps to Greek
ipnos oven
Date: before 12th century
: a chamber used for baking, heating, or drying
pingvķnas (2)
zool. plaukiojantis, neskraidantis pietų pusrutulio poliarinės srities jūrų paukštis (Spheniscus)
Main Entry: pen·guin
Pronunciation: \ˈpen-gwən, ˈpeŋ-\
Function: noun
Etymology: obsolete English penguin great auk, perhaps from Welsh pen gwyn white head (applied to the bird in
winter plumage)
Date: 1588
: any of various erect short-legged flightless aquatic birds (family Spheniscidae) of the southern hemisphere
påraš|as (3b)
pavardės pasirašymas: Dokumentas be ~o negalioja
Main Entry: sig·na·ture
Pronunciation: \ˈsig-nə-ˌchu̇r, -chər, -ˌtyu̇r, -ˌtu̇r\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle French or Medieval Latin; Middle French, from Medieval Latin signatura, from Latin
signatus, past participle of signare to sign, seal
Date: 1536
1 a : the act of signing one's name to something b : the name of a person written with his or her own hand
2 : a feature in the appearance or qualities of a natural object formerly held to indicate its utility in medicine
3 a : a letter or figure placed usually at the bottom of the first page on each sheet of printed pages (as of a book)
as a direction to the binder in arranging and gathering the sheets b : one unit of a book comprising a group of
printed sheets that are folded and stitched together
4 a : KEY SIGNATURE b : TIME SIGNATURE
5 : the part of a medical prescription that contains the directions to the patient
6 : something (as a tune, style, or logo) that serves to set apart or identify; also : a characteristic mark
7 : FINGERPRINT 2
Main Entry: sig·na·ture
Pronunciation: \ˈsig-nə-ˌchu̇r, -chər, -ˌtyu̇r, -ˌtu̇r\
Function: noun
161
Etymology: Middle French or Medieval Latin; Middle French, from Medieval Latin signatura, from Latin
signatus, past participle of signare to sign, seal
Date: 1536
1 a : the act of signing one's name to something b : the name of a person written with his or her own hand
2 : a feature in the appearance or qualities of a natural object formerly held to indicate its utility in medicine
3 a : a letter or figure placed usually at the bottom of the first page on each sheet of printed pages (as of a book)
as a direction to the binder in arranging and gathering the sheets b : one unit of a book comprising a group of
printed sheets that are folded and stitched together
4 a : KEY SIGNATURE b : TIME SIGNATURE
5 : the part of a medical prescription that contains the directions to the patient
6 : something (as a tune, style, or logo) that serves to set apart or identify; also : a characteristic mark
7 : FINGERPRINT 2
pīen|as (1)
1. baltas skystis, kurį išskiria moterų ar žinduolių patelių tam tikros liaukos: Motinos p. Mūsų karvės duoda daug
~o. Ožkos, kumelės p. Rūgusis p. Riebus, liesas, šviežias, rūgštus, sugižęs p. Girdė jį ~elił. Karvė tuo pačiu ~u
vedė (nebuvo užtrūkusi). Palietą ~ą visos katės laižo (flk.).
2. kai kurių augalų balkšvos sultys: Kanapių, aguonų p.
… Kaip iš ~o plaukęs (riebus, gražus). P. ir kraujas (apie gražų, skaistų žmogų). P. nuo lūpų nenudžiūvo (dar
vaikas tebėra)
Main Entry: 1milk
Pronunciation: \ˈmilk\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English meolc, milc; akin to Old High German miluh milk, Old English
melcan to milk — more at EMULSION
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a fluid secreted by the mammary glands of females for the nourishment of their young; especially : cow's
milk used as a food by humans b : LACTATION <cows in milk>
2 : a liquid resembling milk in appearance: as a : the latex of a plant b : the juice of a coconut composed of
liquid endosperm c : the contents of an unripe kernel of grain
padavøj|as, ~a dkt. (1)
maitinimo įstaigos patarnautojas prie stalų
Main Entry: wait·er
Pronunciation: \ˈwā-tər\
Function: noun
Date: 15th century
1 : one that waits on another; especially : a person who waits tables (as in a restaurant)
2 : a tray on which something (as a tea service) is carried : SALVER
pådaž|as (3b)
valgio dažinys, pamirkalas: Valgo bulves, mėsą su ~u. Užpilk ~o ant mėsos
Main Entry: 1sauce
Pronunciation: \ˈsȯs, usually ˈsas for 4\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin salsa, feminine of salsus salted, from past participle
of sallere to salt, from sal salt — more at SALT
Date: 14th century
1 : a condiment or relish for food; especially : a fluid dressing or topping
2 : something that adds zest or piquancy
3 : stewed fruit eaten with other food or as a dessert
162
4 : pert or impudent language or actions
5 slang : LIQUOR —used with the
pagćlv|ė (1)
1. plunksnų maišelis galvai pasidėti atsigulus, priegalvis: Po galva pasidėk ~ę. Šitos liepelės žali lapeliai bus
mano ~›lė (d.).
2. istor. asmens mokestis: Valstiečiai turėjo mokėti kunigaikščiui ~ę.
™ Oro p. (tech. suslėgto oro sluoksnis tarp judančios mašinos pagrindo ir paviršiaus, virš kurio ji juda)
Main Entry: 1pil·low
Pronunciation: \ˈpi-(ˌ)lō\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English pilwe, from Old English pyle (akin to Old High German pfuliwi), from Latin
pulvinus
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a support for the head of a reclining person; especially : one consisting of a cloth bag filled with feathers,
down, sponge rubber, or plastic fiber b : something resembling a pillow especially in form
2 : a cushion or pad tightly stuffed and used as a support for the design and tools in making lace with a bobbin
— pil·lowy \ˈpi-lə-wē\ adjective
pami¹kl|as (2)
1. kūrinys ko ar kieno atminimui: Skulptūrinis, architektūrinis p. P. tėvams. Karo aukų p. Pastatyti, atidengti ~ą.
2. išlikęs, saugojamas kultūros ar gamtos objektas: Archeologijos ~ai. Rašytiniai ~ai. ~ų apsauga.
3. tarm. kas lieka kaip atminimas: Mamos ~ą turiu – paliktą žiedą
Main Entry: mon·u·ment
Pronunciation: \ˈmän-yə-mənt\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin monumentum, literally, memorial, from monēre to
remind — more at MIND
Date: 13th century
1 obsolete : a burial vault : SEPULCHRE
2 : a written legal document or record : TREATISE
3 a (1) : a lasting evidence, reminder, or example of someone or something notable or great (2) : a distinguished
person b : a memorial stone or a building erected in remembrance of a person or event
4 archaic : an identifying mark : EVIDENCE; also : PORTENT, SIGN
5 obsolete : a carved statue : EFFIGY
6 : a boundary or position marker (as a stone)
7 : NATIONAL MONUMENT
8 : a written tribute
pamokā (3b)
1. pamokymas: Šis atsitikimas buvo jam gera p.
2. laikas (mokykloje ppr. 45 min.), skirtas mokomajam dalykui: Šiandien buvo penkios påmokos. Lietuvių kalbos
p. Prasidėjo, baigėsi p. Duoti påmokas (privačiai mokyti). Imti påmokas (privačiai mokytis).
3. kas užduota išmokti: Mokytis påmokas. Ar påmokas jau išmokai?
Main Entry: 1les·son
Pronunciation: \ˈle-sən\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French leçon, from Late Latin lection-, lectio, from Latin, act of
reading, from legere to read — more at LEGEND
Date: 13th century
1 : a passage from sacred writings read in a service of worship
2 a : a piece of instruction b : a reading or exercise to be studied by a pupil c : a division of a course of
instruction
163
3 a : something learned by study or experience <his years of travel had taught him valuable lessons> b : an
instructive example <the lessons of history> c : REPRIMAND
parašiłt|as (2)
panašus į skėtį prietaisas kūnų kritimo greičiui mažinti: Nusileisti ~ł
Main Entry: 1para·chute
Pronunciation: \ˈper-ə-ˌshüt, ˈpa-rə-\
Function: noun
Etymology: French, from para- (as in parasol) + chute fall — more at CHUTE
Date: 1785
1 : a device for slowing the descent of a person or object through the air that consists of a fabric canopy beneath
which the person or object is suspended
2 : PATAGIUM
3 : a device or structure suggestive of a parachute in form, use, or operation
— para·chut·ic \ˌper-ə-ˈshü-tik, ˌpa-rə-\ adjective
pasag|ā (3b)
1. po arklio kanopa kalama lenkta geležis: Arklys kaukši ~omķs per grindinį. Arklys påsagą pametė.
2. ryt. balno arba balnelio juosta arkliui aplink pilvą
Main Entry: horse·shoe
Pronunciation: \ˈhȯrs-ˌshü, ˈhȯrsh-\
Function: noun
Date: 14th century
1 : a usually U-shaped band of iron fitted and nailed to the rim of a horse's hoof to protect it
2 : something (as a valley) shaped like a horseshoe
3 plural : a game like quoits played with horseshoes or with horseshoe-shaped pieces of metal
— horseshoe transitive verb
— horse·sho·er \-ˌshü-ər\ noun
pagīež|a (1)
pikto nepasitenkinimo jausmas, pyktis: Jaučia jam ~ą. Kalba su ~a. P. kyla. Kupinas ~os
Main Entry: 2grudge
Function: noun
Date: 15th century
: a feeling of deep-seated resentment or ill will
synonyms see MALICE
palapķn|ė (2)
iš šakų ar iš audeklo padarytas laikinas būstas: Klajoklių, kareivių, keliautojų p. Pastatyti, ištiesti ~ę
Main Entry: 1tent
Pronunciation: \ˈtent\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English tente, from Anglo-French, from Latin tenta, feminine of tentus, past participle of
tendere to stretch — more at THIN
Date: 14th century
1 : a collapsible shelter of fabric (as nylon or canvas) stretched and sustained by poles and used for camping
outdoors or as a temporary building
2 : DWELLING
164
3 a : something that resembles a tent or that serves as a shelter; especially : a canopy or enclosure placed over
the head and shoulders to retain vapors or oxygen being medically administered b : the web of a tent caterpillar
— tent·less \ˈtent-ləs\ adjective
— tent·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
papro|tżs (3b)
įprastas, nusistovėjęs poelgis, nerašyta elgesio norma: Darbo, švenčių, vestuvių ~čia¤. Talkų p. Šeimos ~čia¤.
Tautos ~čia¤. Laikytis ~či‹. Gerbti påpročius
Main Entry: 1cus·tom
Pronunciation: \ˈkəs-təm\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English custume, from Anglo-French, from Latin consuetudin-, consuetudo, from
consuescere to accustom, from com- + suescere to accustom; akin to suus one's own — more at SUICIDE
Date: 13th century
1 a : a usage or practice common to many or to a particular place or class or habitual with an individual b : longestablished practice considered as unwritten law c : repeated practice d : the whole body of usages, practices, or
conventions that regulate social life
2 plural a : duties, tolls, or imposts imposed by the sovereign law of a country on imports or exports b usually
singular in construction : the agency, establishment, or procedure for collecting such customs
3 a : business patronage b : usu. habitual patrons : CUSTOMERS
synonyms see HABIT
papūgā (2)
1. zool. šiltųjų kraštų spalvingas, judrus paukštis, laikomas ir narveliuose (Psittacus): Pilkoji p. (P. erithacus)
išmoksta mėgdžioti kalbą.
2. b. žmogus, kuris nesuprasdamas kartoja kitų mintis
Main Entry: 1par·rot
Pronunciation: \ˈper-ət, ˈpa-rət\
Function: noun
Etymology: probably modification of Middle French perroquet
Date: circa 1525
1 : any of numerous widely distributed tropical birds (order Psittaciformes and especially family Psittacidae) that
are often crested and brightly colored, have a distinctive stout hooked bill and zygodactyl feet, and include some
excellent mimics
2 : a person who sedulously echoes another's words
— parrot adjective
pasćul|is (1)
1. dangaus kūnų visuma, visata: ~io kilimo teorija.
2. Žemės rutulys: Kelionė aplink ~į.
3. Žemės rutulio žmonės: ~io istorija. Garsas pasklido po visą ~į.
4. kokia nors kultūros, visuomenės sritis: Meno, mokslo, sporto p.
5. atskira gyvenimo, reiškinių, daiktų sritis: Gyvūnų p. Garsų p. Jausmų p. Skaičių p. Mirusiųjų p.
6. psichinio gyvenimo reiškinių sritis: Vidaus p. Vaiko p. Jis užsidarė savo ~›lyje. Gyvena fantazijų ~yje.
… ~į apleisti (mirti). ~io šviesą išvysti (gimti)
Main Entry: 1world
Pronunciation: \ˈwər(-ə)ld\
165
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English woruld human existence, this world, age (akin to Old High
German weralt age, world); akin to Old English wer man, eald old — more at VIRILE, OLD
Date: before 12th century
1 a : the earthly state of human existence b : life after death —used with a qualifier <the next world>
2 : the earth with its inhabitants and all things upon it
3 : individual course of life : CAREER
4 : the inhabitants of the earth : the human race
5 a : the concerns of the earth and its affairs as distinguished from heaven and the life to come b : secular affairs
6 : the system of created things : UNIVERSE
7 a : a division or generation of the inhabitants of the earth distinguished by living together at the same place or
at the same time <the medieval world> b : a distinctive class of persons or their sphere of interest or activity
<the academic world> <the digital world>
8 : human society <withdraw from the world>
9 : a part or section of the earth that is a separate independent unit
10 : the sphere or scene of one's life and action <living in your own little world>
11 : an indefinite multitude or a great quantity or distance <makes a world of difference> <a world away>
12 : the whole body of living persons : PUBLIC <announced their discovery to the world>
13 : KINGDOM 5 <the animal world>
14 : a celestial body (as a planet)
— for all the world : in every way : EXACTLY <copies which look for all the world like the original>
— in the world : among innumerable possibilities : EVER —used as an intensive <what in the world is it>
— out of this world : of extraordinary excellence : SUPERB
paskait|ā (3b)
žodinis temos dėstymas: Mokomoji p. Studentai klauso ~‹. Vieša
Main Entry: 1lec·ture
Pronunciation: \ˈlek-chər, -shər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, act of reading, from Late Latin lectura, from Latin lectus, past participle of legere
Date: 15th century
1 : a discourse given before an audience or class especially for instruction
2 : a formal reproof
— lec·ture·ship \-ˌship\ noun
paskol|ā (3b)
skolinami pinigai: Valstybinė p. Statybos p. ~õs obligacijos. Paėmė, gavo, davė påskolą
Main Entry: 1loan
Pronunciation: \ˈlōn\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English lon, from Old Norse lān; akin to Old English lǣn loan, lēon to lend, Latin linquere
to leave, Greek leipein
Date: 12th century
1 a : money lent at interest b : something lent usually for the borrower's temporary use
2 a : the grant of temporary use b : the temporary duty of a person transferred to another job for a limited time
3 : LOANWORD
paslap|tķs, ~tiģs m. (3b)
1. kas slepiama nuo kitų, ne visiems skelbiama: Karinė, valstybinė p. Laikyk, saugok tai ~tyjź. Mudu neturime
tarp savęs ~či‹. Sužinoti, išplepėti påslaptį. Nusinešė påslaptį į kapus.
2. nesuprantamas, neištirtas dalykas: Mokslo, gamtos påslaptys
166
Main Entry: 2secret
Function: noun
Date: 14th century
1 a : something kept hidden or unexplained : MYSTERY b : something kept from the knowledge of others or
shared only confidentially with a few c : a method, formula, or process used in an art or operation and divulged
only to those of one's own company or craft : TRADE SECRET d plural : the practices or knowledge making up
the shared discipline or culture of an esoteric society
2 : a prayer traditionally said inaudibly by the celebrant just before the preface of the mass
3 : something taken to be a specific or key to a desired end <the secret of longevity>
— in secret : in a private place or manner
pavéiksl|as (1)
1. dailės kūrinys plokštumoje: Spalvotas p. P. tapytas aliejiniais dažais. P. su rėmais. ~ų paroda. Knyga su ~ais,
~iłkais.
2. vaizdas: Jūros p. nuolat mainėsi.
3. šnek. nuotrauka.
4. lit. literatūrinis ko nors vaizdas, vaizdavimas: Buities p.
5. lit., teatr. dramos veikalo veiksmo dalis ppr. su pakeistomis dekoracijomis: Trijų veiksmų ir penkių ~ų pjesė.
Operos, baleto p.
Main Entry: 1pic·ture
Pronunciation: \pik-chər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin pictura, from pictus, past participle of pingere to paint — more at PAINT
Date: 15th century
1 : a design or representation made by various means (as painting, drawing, or photography)
2 a : a description so vivid or graphic as to suggest a mental image or give an accurate idea of something <the
book gives a detailed picture of what is happening> b : a mental image
3 : IMAGE, COPY <he was the picture of his father> <she was the very picture of health>
4 a : a transitory visible image or reproduction b : MOTION PICTURE c plural : MOVIES
5 : TABLEAU 2
6 : SITUATION <took a hard look at his financial picture>
pavyz|dżs (3b)
1. sektinas dalykas: Vyriškumo, narsumo p. Jis buvo visiems p. Duok kitiems påvyzdį, kaip dirbti.
2. kuo kas paaiškinama, pavaizduojama: Jis savo gramatikoje duoda nemaža kalbos ~dži‹. Pailiustruok savo
mintį ~džia¤s.
3. bandomasis, parodomasis gaminys, modelis: Naujausio påvyzdžio televizorius.
4. nedidelis medžiagos kiekis, imamas tikrinti, tirti ir pan.: Ekspedicija parvežė daugybę uolienų ~dži‹
Main Entry: 1ex·am·ple
Pronunciation: \ig-zam-pəl\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French essample, example, from Latin exemplum, from eximere to take
out, from ex- + emere to take — more at REDEEM
Date: 14th century
1 : one that serves as a pattern to be imitated or not to be imitated <a good example> <a bad example>
2 : a punishment inflicted on someone as a warning to others; also : an individual so punished
3 : one (as an item or incident) that is representative of all of a group or type
4 : a parallel or closely similar case especially when serving as a precedent or model
5 : an instance (as a problem to be solved) serving to illustrate a rule or precept or to act as an exercise in the
application of a rule
synonyms see INSTANCE, MODEL
167
— for example \fər-ig-zam-pəl, frig-\ : as an example <there are many sources of air pollution; exhaust fumes,
for example>
pe¤l|is (2)
1. įrankis su kotu ir geležte pjauti, riekti: Lenktinis p. Duonriekis p. ~io geležtė. Aštrus, smailus, atbukęs p.
Suomiškas p. Duok man ~io (neilgam laikui). Man tas darbas – tai p. po kaklu (labai nemalonus). Kojas kaip
~iai raižo (labai skauda). Nori vaikas ~iłko.
2. plūgo dalis, kuri rėžia velėną.
3. įrankio, prietaiso, mašinos pjaunamoji dalis.
4. prk. vargas, kančia: Toks kelias – arkliams p. Gyvas – visiems p., numirė – visi gailis (flk.).
… Ant ~ių eiti (labai nesutikti, muštis). Be ~io pjauti (kankinti, varginti, engti)
Main Entry: 1knife
Pronunciation: \nīf\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural knives \nīvz\
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English knif, from Old English cnīf, perhaps from Old Norse knīfr; akin to Middle Low
German knīf knife
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a cutting instrument consisting of a sharp blade fastened to a handle b : a weapon resembling a knife
2 : a sharp cutting blade or tool in a machine
3 : SURGERY 4 —usually used in the phrase under the knife
— knife·like \nīf-līk\ adjective
peizåžas (2)
1. tapybos ar grafikos kūrinys, kuriame atkurtas vietovaizdis.
2. lit. gamtos vaizdas.
3. gamtos reginys, gamtovaizdis, vietovaizdis
Main Entry: 1land·scape
Pronunciation: \lan(d)-skāp\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Dutch landschap, from land + -schap -ship
Date: 1598
1 a : a picture representing a view of natural inland scenery b : the art of depicting such scenery
2 a : the landforms of a region in the aggregate b : a portion of territory that can be viewed at one time from one
place c : a particular area of activity : SCENE <the political landscape>
3 obsolete : VISTA, PROSPECT
pel|› (4)
zool. smulkus graužikas: Naminė p. (Mus musculus). Dirvinė p. (Apodemus agrarius). Laukinė p. Javus kluone
pģlės kapoja. P. sucypė. Pģlės krebžda po grindimis. Katė pagavo pģlę. Katei juokai – pģlei verksmai (flk.). Iš
urvo išlindo maža ~ōtė, ~iłkė. Tyli kaip p. po šluota. | prk.: Darbo, vargo p. (darbo, vargo žmogus). Knygų p.
(knygų žmogus).
Main Entry: 1mouse
Pronunciation: \maus\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural mice \mīs\
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English mūs; akin to Old High German mūs mouse, Latin mus, Greek mys
mouse, muscle
Date: before 12th century
1 : any of numerous small rodents (as of the genus Mus) with pointed snout, rather small ears, elongated body,
and slender tail
168
2 : a timid person
3 : a dark-colored swelling caused by a blow; specifically : BLACK EYE
4 plural also mous·es : a small mobile manual device that controls movement of the cursor and selection of
functions on a computer display
pelød|a (1)
1. zool. plėšrus, didelėmis akimis nakties paukštis: Naminė p. (Strix aluco). Baltoji p. (Nyctea scandiaca).
Raiboji p. (Surnia ulula). P. naktį ūbauja. Numynė žvirblis ~ai koją (iron.). Ir p. savo vaikus giria (flk.).
2. prk. negraži, netvarkinga, apsileidusi moteris: Tokia p. – kas ją ims!
~os dgs. (1) zool. paukščių šeima, prie kurios priklauso pelėda (Strigidae)
Main Entry: owl
Pronunciation: \au(-ə)l\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English owle, from Old English ūle; akin to Old High German uwila owl
Date: before 12th century
: any of an order (Strigiformes) of chiefly nocturnal birds of prey with a large head and eyes, short hooked bill,
strong talons, and soft fluffy often brown-mottled plumage
pźrsikas (1),
pe»sikas (1)
bot. erškėtinių šeimos šiltųjų kraštų vaismedis, vedantis pūkuotus sultingus vaisius su vingiuotai vagotu kauliuku
(Persica); jo vaisius
Main Entry: 1peach
Pronunciation: \ˈpēch\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English peche, from Anglo-French pesche, peche (the fruit), from Late Latin persica, from
Latin (malum) persicum, literally, Persian fruit
Date: 14th century
1 a : a low spreading freely branching Chinese tree (Prunus persica) of the rose family that has lanceolate leaves
and sessile usually pink flowers and is widely cultivated in temperate areas for its edible fruit which is a singleseeded drupe with a hard central stone, a pulpy white or yellow flesh, and a thin fuzzy skin b : the edible fruit of
the peach
2 : a moderate yellowish pink
3 : one resembling a peach (as in sweetness, beauty, or excellence)
perłk|as (2)
galvos plaukai (ppr. dirbtiniai), sutvirtinti ant užsimaunamo audinio pagrindo: Aktorius su ~ł
Main Entry: 1wig
Pronunciation: \wig\
Function: noun
Etymology: short for periwig
Date: 1675
1 a : a manufactured covering of natural or synthetic hair for the head b : TOUPEE 2
2 : an act of wigging : REBUKE
pet|żs, ~iģs, pečia¤ v. (4)
1. kūno dalis nuo kaklo iki rankos: Pģtį įrėmęs, laiko vežimą, kad negriūtų. Nelygūs, apvalūs pečia¤. Išsinarinti
pģtį. Skauda ranką iš ~iģs. Žiæri per pģtį (atsigręžęs). Pečiłs surėmę, vaikščioja (artimai draugauja). Paglostė
mergaitės ~eliłs (~ukłs).
2. drabužio dalis ties ta kūno vieta: Švarkas nuleistais pečia¤s.
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3. priekinės kojos skerdiena: Išvirk avies ~łką.
4. tech. sverto dalis nuo atramos taško iki jėgos veikimo taško.
… Iš ~iģs (iš visos galios, smarkiai). P. į pģtį (išvien, drauge). Pečia¤s patraukyti (nusistebėti). Pečia¤s trūkčioti
(stebėtis)
Main Entry: 1shoul·der
Pronunciation: \shōl-dər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English sholder, from Old English sculdor; akin to Old High German scultra shoulder
Date: before 12th century
1 a : the laterally projecting part of the human body formed of the bones and joints with their covering tissue by
which the arm is connected with the trunk b : the region of the body of nonhuman vertebrates that corresponds to
the shoulder but is less projecting
2 a : the two shoulders and the upper part of the back —usually used in plural b plural : capacity for bearing a
task or blame <placed the guilt squarely on his shoulders>
3 : a cut of meat including the upper joint of the foreleg and adjacent parts — see LAMB ILLUSTRATION
4 : the part of a garment at the wearer's shoulder
5 : an area adjacent to or along the edge of a higher, more prominent, or more important part: as a (1) : the part
of a hill or mountain near the top (2) : a lateral protrusion or extension of a hill or mountain b : either edge of a
roadway; specifically : the part of a roadway outside of the traveled way
6 : a rounded or sloping part (as of a stringed instrument or a bottle) where the neck joins the body
— shoul·dered \-dərd\ adjective
pīev|a (1)
žemės plotas, kuriame auga žolė: ~ų žolės, gėlės. Žalia, marga p. Drėgna, sausa, pelkėta p. Ganosi arkliai ~oje.
Kiek gavai šieno iš tos ~os?
Main Entry: mead·ow
Pronunciation: \me-()dō\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English medwe, from Old English mædwe, oblique case form of mæd; akin to Old
English māwan to mow — more at MOW
Date: before 12th century
: land in or predominantly in grass; especially : a tract of moist low-lying usually level grassland
— mead·owy \me-də-wē\ adjective
pil|ķs, ~iģs m. (4)
1. ppr. ant kalno pastatyta gynybos tvirtovė: Gedimino p. Kalno, lauko, salos p. Priešai įsilaužė į pķlį. ~iģs
vartai, sienos, bokštas, kuoras.
2. dideli rūmai (ppr. dvaro): Graži Radvilų p. Pučiasi kaip penkių ~i‹ ponas (flk.)
Main Entry: 1cas·tle
Pronunciation: \ka-səl\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English castel, from Old English, from Old French & Latin; Old French dial. (NormanPicard) castel, from Latin castellum fortress, diminutive of castrum fortified place; perhaps akin to Latin
castrare to castrate
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a large fortified building or set of buildings b : a massive or imposing house
2 : a retreat safe against intrusion or invasion
3 : 3ROOK
[CASTLE ILLUSTRATION]
170
pjækl|as (1)
1. dantytas pjovimo įrankis: Skersinis p. Rankinis p. Iškirto ~ui dantis, pagalando, išklaipė, tai kad ima!
Rankinis, motorinis p. Metalo p. Vienrankis ~iłkas.
2. b. prk. piktas, įkyrus žmogus: Ji tikras p. savo vyrui
Main Entry: 2saw
Pronunciation: \so\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English sawe, from Old English sagu; akin to Old High German sega saw, Latin secare to
cut
Date: before 12th century
: a hand or power tool or a machine used to cut hard material (as wood, metal, or bone) and equipped usually
with a toothed blade or disk
— saw·like \-līk\ adjective
plaktłk|as (2)
1. metalinis ar medinis kalamasis įrankis: ~ł dalgį plaka. Įkalk vinį, paėmęs ~ą. Batsiuvio, šaltkalvio p. Širdis
mušė kaip su ~ł.
2. anat. vidinės ausies klausomasis kaulelis (malleus)
Main Entry: 1ham·mer
Pronunciation: \ha-mər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English hamer, from Old English hamor; akin to Old High German hamar hammer, and
perhaps to Old Church Slavic kamen-, kamy stone, Greek akmē point, edge — more at EDGE
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a hand tool consisting of a solid head set crosswise on a handle and used for pounding b : a power tool that
often substitutes a metal block or a drill for the hammerhead
2 : something that resembles a hammer in form or action: as a : a lever with a striking head for ringing a bell or
striking a gong b (1) : an arm that strikes the cap in a percussion lock to ignite the propelling charge (2) : a part
of the action of a modern gun that strikes the primer of the cartridge in firing or that strikes the firing pin to
ignite the cartridge c : MALLEUS d : GAVEL e (1) : a padded mallet in a piano action for striking a string (2) : a
hand mallet for playing on various percussion instruments (as a xylophone)
3 : a metal sphere thrown for distance in the hammer throw
4 : ACCELERATOR b
— under the hammer : for sale at auction
plauk|a¤ dgs. (3)
1. galvos odą dengiančių išaugų visuma: Tankūs, reti p. P. pražilo, pabalo, nuslinko.
2. gyvulių odą dengiančių išaugų visuma: Išvertė kailinius ~a¤s į viršų. Antklodė iš kupranugario ~‹.
… P. kilnojasi (stojasi) (labai baisu). P. šiaušiasi ant galvos (darosi baisu, šiurpu).
Main Entry: hair
Pronunciation: \her\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hær; akin to Old High German hār hair
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a slender threadlike outgrowth of the epidermis of an animal; especially : one of the usually pigmented
filaments that form the characteristic coat of a mammal b : the hairy covering of an animal or a body part;
especially : the coating of hairs on a human head
2 : HAIRCLOTH
3 a : a minute distance or amount <won by a hair> b : a precise degree <aligned to a hair>
4 obsolete : NATURE, CHARACTER
5 : a filamentous structure that resembles hair <leaf hair>
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— hair·less adjective
— hair·less·ness noun
— hair·like \-līk\ adjective
— in one's hair : persistently and annoyingly in one's presence <can't work with you in my hair all day>
— out of one's hair : out of one's way : not in one's hair <keep the children out of his hair for a while>
[HAIR ILLUSTRATION]
plłnksn|a (1)
1. raginis stiebelis su pūkais ant paukščio kūno: Vištos, žąsies p. ~as plėšyti, pešti. Lengvas kaip p.
2. plieninė gaubta plokštelė rašyti rašalu ar tušu: Rašomoji p. Griebtis ~os (imti rašyti). ~os darbininkas
(rašytojas).
3. šnek. spyruoklė: Laikrodžio p.
◊ ~as išnešti (šiaip taip pragyventi)
Main Entry: 1feath·er
Pronunciation: \fe-thər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English fether, from Old English; akin to Old High German federa wing, Latin petere to go
to, seek, Greek petesthai to fly, piptein to fall, pteron wing
Date: before 12th century
1 a : any of the light horny epidermal outgrowths that form the external covering of the body of birds and that
consist of a shaft bearing on each side a series of barbs which bear barbules which in turn bear barbicels
commonly ending in hooked hamuli and interlocking with the barbules of an adjacent barb to link the barbs into
a continuous vane b archaic : PLUME 2a c : the vane of an arrow
2 a : PLUMAGE b : KIND, NATURE <birds of a feather flock together> c : ATTIRE, DRESS d : CONDITION, MOOD
<woke up in fine feather> e plural : COMPOSURE <some feathers had been ruffled — D. J. Blum>
3 : FEATHERING 2
4 : a projecting strip, rib, fin, or flange
5 : a feathery flaw in the eye or in a precious stone
6 : the act of feathering an oar
— feath·ered \-thərd\ adjective
— feath·er·less adjective
— a feather in one's cap : a mark of distinction : HONOR
[FEATHER ILLUSTRATION]
plyt|ā (2)
1. keturkampis, ppr. degtas, molio blokelis statybai: Žalios (nedegtos) plżtos. Ugniai atsparios plżtos. Silikatinių
plżtų gamykla. Plżtų namas. Sieną mūrija per dvi ~ās.
2. ntk. = viryklė
Main Entry: 1brick
Pronunciation: \brik\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English bryke, from Middle Dutch bricke
Date: 15th century
1 plural bricks or brick : a handy-sized unit of building or paving material typically being rectangular and about
21⁄4 × 33⁄4 × 8 inches (57 × 95 × 203 millimeters) and of moist clay hardened by heat
2 : a good-hearted person
3 : a rectangular compressed mass (as of ice cream)
4 : a semisoft cheese with numerous small holes, smooth texture, and often mild flavor
5 : GAFFE, BLUNDER —used especially in the phrase drop a brick
6 : a badly missed shot in basketball <he threw up a brick>
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põpier|ius (1)
1. plona plaušinė medžiaga iš medžio, skudurų ir kt. rašyti, piešti, spausdinti: Rašomasis, vyniojamasis,
laikraštinis p. ~iaus lapas. ~›liai nuo saldainių.
2. šnek. oficialus raštas, dokumentas: Gavo iš gydytojo ~ių, kad sveikas. Tvarkyti ~ius.
◊ Blogi (prasti) ~iai (nesėkmė)
Main Entry: 1pa·per
Pronunciation: \pā-pər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English papir, from Anglo-French, from Latin papyrus papyrus, paper, from Greek papyros
papyrus
Date: 14th century
1 a (1) : a felted sheet of usually vegetable fibers laid down on a fine screen from a water suspension (2) : a
similar sheet of other material (as plastic) b : a piece of paper
2 a : a piece of paper containing a written or printed statement : DOCUMENT <pedigree papers> b : a piece of
paper containing writing or print c : a formal written composition often designed for publication and often
intended to be read aloud <presented a scholarly paper at the meeting> d : a piece of written schoolwork
3 : a paper container or wrapper
4 : NEWSPAPER
5 : the negotiable notes or instruments of commerce
6 : WALLPAPER
7 : TICKETS; especially : free passes
8 : PAPERBACK
— on paper 1 : in writing <wants these promises on paper>
2 : in theory <the plan looks good on paper>
3 : figured at face value <on paper the stock was worth nearly a million dollars>
prågar|as (3b)
1. bažn. amžinų kančių vieta po mirties: Su pinigais ir ~ź nepražūsi (flk.).
2. prk. vargų, kančių, siaubo, baisybių vieta: Namuose tikras p. Namai – ~a¤, be namų negerai (flk.).
3. b. šnek. rijūnas, besotis.
™ ~o akmenėlis (sidabro nitratas). ~o mašina (sprogstamas užtaisas su laikrodžio mechanizmu).
◊ ~ą užkurti (sukelti vaidus)
Main Entry: hell
Pronunciation: \hel\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English; akin to Old English helan to conceal, Old High German helan,
Latin celare, Greek kalyptein
Date: before 12th century
1 a (1) : a nether world in which the dead continue to exist : HADES (2) : the nether realm of the devil and the
demons in which the damned suffer everlasting punishment —often used in curses <go to hell> or as a
generalized term of abuse <the hell with it> b Christian Science : ERROR 2b, SIN
2 a : a place or state of misery, torment, or wickedness <war is hell — W. T. Sherman> b : a place or state of
turmoil or destruction <all hell broke loose> c : a severe scolding; also : FLAK, GRIEF <gave me hell for coming
in late> d : unrestrained fun or sportiveness <the kids were full of hell> —often used in the phrase for the hell of
it especially to suggest action on impulse or without a serious motive <decided to go for the hell of it> e : an
extremely unpleasant and often inescapable situation <rush-hour hell>
3 archaic : a tailor's receptacle
4 —used as an interjection <hell, I don't know!> or as an intensive <hurts like hell> <funny as hell> ; often used
in the phrase hell of a <it was one hell of a good fight> or hell out of <scared the hell out of him> or with the or
in <moved way the hell up north> <what in hell is wrong, now?>
— from hell : being the worst or most dreadful of its kind
— hell on : very hard on or destructive to <the constant traveling is hell on your digestive system>
— hell or high water : difficulties of whatever kind or size <will stand by her convictions come hell or high
water>
— hell to pay : dire consequences <if he's late there'll be hell to pay>
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— what the hell —used interjectionally to express a lack of concern about consequences or risks <it might cost
him half his estate…but what the hell — N. W. Aldrich b1935>
priežast|ķs, ~iģs m. (3a)
reiškinys, dėl kurio vyksta kitas reiškinys: Svarbi p. Tiesioginė, pagrindinė p. Mirties, ligos p. Ieškoti ~iģs. Be
~iģs mane apibarė. Dėl šių priežasčių. ~iģs aplinkybės sakinys (gram.)
Main Entry: 1rea·son
Pronunciation: \rē-zən\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English resoun, from Anglo-French raisun, from Latin ration-, ratio reason, computation,
from reri to calculate, think; probably akin to Gothic rathjo account, explanation
Date: 13th century
1 a : a statement offered in explanation or justification <gave reasons that were quite satisfactory> b : a rational
ground or motive <a good reason to act soon> c : a sufficient ground of explanation or of logical defense;
especially : something (as a principle or law) that supports a conclusion or explains a fact <the reasons behind
her client's action> d : the thing that makes some fact intelligible : CAUSE <the reason for earthquakes> <the real
reason why he wanted me to stay — Graham Greene>
2 a (1) : the power of comprehending, inferring, or thinking especially in orderly rational ways : INTELLIGENCE
(2) : proper exercise of the mind (3) : SANITY b : the sum of the intellectual powers
3 archaic : treatment that affords satisfaction
— in reason : RIGHTLY, JUSTIFIABLY
— within reason : within reasonable limits
— with reason : with good cause
prognņzė (2)
tam tikrais duomenimis paremtas numatymas, kokia bus reiškinio eiga: Ligos p. Oro p.
Main Entry: 2fore·cast
Pronunciation: \for-kast\
Function: noun
Date: 1527
1 archaic : foresight of consequences and provision against them : FORETHOUGHT
2 : a prophecy, estimate, or prediction of a future happening or condition
pėd|ā (3)
1. apatinė kojos dalis, letena: Basos pødos.
2. kojinės dalis apmauti letenai: Kojinės p. per trumpa.
3. kojos įminta žymė, pėdsakas: Šuo ~omķs susekė kiškį. Pagal pødas rado vagį. Lenkis jo ir ~‹.
4. istor. ilgio matas (ppr. 12 colių): Savo žemės neužleisime nė ~õs.
5. lit. kirčiuotų ir nekirčiuotų skiemenų derinio pasikartojimas eilėraščio eilutėje.
… Į pødas paduoti (sukelti rūpestį, išgąsdinti). Karštomis ~omķs (tuoj pat) ką daryti. Nė iš ~õs (nė žingsnio
toliau). Nė ~õs nekelti (neateiti). Nė per pødą (visai neišeiti, nesiskirti). Pødos atšalo (atvėso) (seniai nėra).
(Kieno) pødas surinkęs (pasekęs) (panašus į ką). (Kieno) ~omķs eiti (sekti, laikytis). Pødas maišyti (mėtyti,
mėčioti, sumaišyti, sumėčioti, sumėtyti) (stengtis išsisukti, pasislėpti)
Main Entry: 1foot
Pronunciation: \fut\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural feet \fēt\ also foot
Etymology: Middle English fot, from Old English fōt; akin to Old High German fuot foot, Latin ped-, pes, Greek
pod-, pous
Date: before 12th century
1 : the terminal part of the vertebrate leg upon which an individual stands
2 : an invertebrate organ of locomotion or attachment; especially : a ventral muscular surface or process of a
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mollusk
3 : any of various units of length based on the length of the human foot; especially : a unit equal to 1⁄3 yard and
comprising 12 inches —plural foot used between a number and a noun <a 10-foot pole> —plural feet or foot
used between a number and an adjective <6 feet tall> — see WEIGHT TABLE
4 : the basic unit of verse meter consisting of any of various fixed combinations or groups of stressed and
unstressed or long and short syllables
5 a : motion or power of walking or running : STEP <fleet of foot> b : SPEED, SWIFTNESS <showed early foot>
6 : something resembling a foot in position or use: as a : the lower end of the leg of a chair or table b (1) : the
basal portion of the sporophyte in mosses (2) : a specialized outgrowth by which the embryonic sporophyte
especially of many bryophytes absorbs nourishment from the gametophyte c : a piece on a sewing machine that
presses the cloth against the feed
7 foot plural chiefly British : INFANTRY
8 : the lower edge (as of a sail)
9 : the lowest part : BOTTOM <the foot of the hill>
10 a : the end that is lower or opposite the head <the foot of the bed> b : the part (as of a stocking) that covers
the foot
11foots plural but sing or plural in constr : material deposited especially in aging or refining : DREGS
12foots plural : FOOTLIGHTS
— at one's feet : under one's spell or influence
— foot in the door : the initial step toward a goal
— off one's feet : in a sitting or lying position
— on foot : by walking or running <tour the campus on foot>
— on one's feet 1 : in a standing position
2 : in an established position or state
3 : in a recovered condition (as from illness) <back on my feet>
4 : in an extemporaneous manner : while in action <good debaters can think on their feet>
— to one's feet : to a standing position <brought the crowd to its feet>
råkt|as (2)
1. įrankis spynai, užraktui atrakinti ar užrakinti: Durų, klėties r. Spintos r., ~ģlis, ~łkas. ~o barzdelė nulūžo. Įkišo
~ą į spyną ir atrakino. Laiko viską po ~ł (užrakinusi).
2. įrankis prisukti ar atsukti: Laikrodžio r., ~ģlis. ~ł veržles priveržė.
3. telegrafo ryšio jungiklis: Telegrafo, šaukimo r.
4. sutartinių ženklų sistemos supratimo pagrindas: Šifro r.
5. muz. ženklas, rodantis natų aukštumą ir jų pavadinimą: Smuiko r. Boso r.
6. prk. būdas suprasti, įminti: O tu tik viena širdies ~ą radai. Gamtos paslapčių ~ai
Main Entry: 1key
Pronunciation: \ˈkē\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English cǣg; akin to Old Frisian kēi key
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a usually metal instrument by which the bolt of a lock is turned b : any of various devices having the form
or function of such a key
2 a : a means of gaining or preventing entrance, possession, or control b : an instrumental or deciding factor
3 a : something that gives an explanation or identification or provides a solution <the key to a riddle> b : a list of
words or phrases giving an explanation of symbols or abbreviations c : an aid to interpretation or identification :
CLUE d : an arrangement of the salient characters of a group of plants or animals or of taxa designed to facilitate
identification e : a map legend
4 a (1) : COTTER PIN (2) : COTTER b : a keystone in an arch c : a small piece of wood or metal used as a wedge
or for preventing motion between parts
5 a : one of the levers of a keyboard musical instrument that actuates the mechanism and produces the tones b : a
lever that controls a vent in the side of a woodwind instrument or a valve in a brass instrument c : a part to be
depressed by a finger that serves as one unit of a keyboard
6 : SAMARA
7 : a system of tones and harmonies generated from a hierarchical scale of seven tones based on a tonic <the key
of G major>
175
8 a : characteristic style or tone b : the tone or pitch of a voice c : the predominant tone of a photograph with
respect to its lightness or darkness
9 : a decoration or charm resembling a key
10 : a small switch for opening or closing an electric circuit <a telegraph key>
11 : the set of instructions governing the encipherment and decipherment of messages
12 : a free-throw area in basketball
— keyed \ˈkēd\ adjective
— key·less \ˈkē-ləs\ adjective
r¾k|as (4)
vandens garų, virtusių smulkučiais lašiukais ar ledėkiukais, prisisunkęs oras: Ryto r. Tirštas, skystas r.
Balzganas, palšas r. R. gaubia dangų. Iš pievų balti ~a¤ kyla
Main Entry: 1fog
Pronunciation: \ˈfȯg, fäg\
Function: noun
Etymology: probably back-formation from foggy
Date: 1544
1 a : vapor condensed to fine particles of water suspended in the lower atmosphere that differs from cloud only
in being near the ground b : a fine spray or a foam for firefighting
2 : a murky condition of the atmosphere or a substance causing it
3 a : a state of confusion or bewilderment <spent the morning in a fog> b : something that confuses or obscures
<hid behind a fog of rhetoric>
4 : cloudiness or partial opacity in a developed photographic image caused by chemical action or stray radiation
— fog·less \-ləs\ adjective
rõžė (2)
1. bot. sukultūrintas erškėčių krūmas kvapiais žiedais (Rosa); to krūmo žiedas: Žydi kaip r.
2. tokio žiedo pavidalo papuošalas, ornamentas.
3. med. liga, pasireiškianti ryškiai ribota raudona dėme odoje (erisypelas): R. įsimetė į veidą.
™ Alpių r. (rododendras)
Main Entry: 2rose
Pronunciation: \ˈrōz\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English, from Latin rosa; akin to Greek rhodon rose, Persian gul
Date: before 12th century
1 a : any of a genus (Rosa of the family Rosaceae, the rose family) of usually prickly shrubs with pinnate leaves
and showy flowers having five petals in the wild state but being often double or partly double under cultivation b
: the flower of a rose
2 : something resembling a rose in form: as a (1) : COMPASS CARD (2) : a circular card with radiating lines used
in other instruments b : a rosette especially on a shoe c : ROSE CUT
3 plural : an easy or pleasant situation or task <it was not all sunshine and roses — Anthony Lewis>
4 : a moderate purplish red
5 : a plane curve which consists of three or more loops meeting at the origin and whose equation in polar
coordinates is of the form ρ = a sin nθ or ρ = a cos nθ where n is an integer greater than zero
— rose·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
— under the rose : SUB ROSA
rågan|a (1)
1. mit. pikta burtininkė, kerėtoja: Laumė r. ~os burtai.
176
2. prk. pikta, bjauri moteris.
™ ~os šluota (bot. augalų liga – nepakankamai išaugusių ūglių telkinys, primenantis šluotą)
Main Entry: 1witch
Pronunciation: \ˈwich\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English wicche, from Old English wicca, masculine, wizard & wicce, feminine, witch; akin
to Middle High German wicken to bewitch, Old English wigle divination, and perhaps to Old High German wīh
holy — more at VICTIM
Date: before 12th century
1 : one that is credited with usually malignant supernatural powers; especially : a woman practicing usually
black witchcraft often with the aid of a devil or familiar : SORCERESS — compare WARLOCK
2 : an ugly old woman : HAG
3 : a charming or alluring girl or woman
4 : a practitioner of Wicca
5 : WITCH OF AGNESI
— witch·like \ˈwich-ˌlīk\ adjective
— witchy \ˈwi-chē\ adjective
råg|as (4)
1. kieta, smaili gyvulio kaktos išauga; iš jo padarytas indelis: Jaučio r. Briedžio ~a¤. Øriuko ~ģliai, ~łčiai. Ilgi,
riesti, skėsti ~a¤. Kas ~łs laiko, o kas melžia (flk.).
2. iš tokios išaugos padarytas ar tokio pavidalo pučiamasis, ppr. signalinis instrumentas: Pūsti ~ą. Medžiotojo r.
3. žvejų laivo galas.
4. prk. gumbas: Kaktoje r. iššoko (nuo sumušimo).
5. prk. smailus žemės plotas, įsiterpęs į jūrą, ežerą, mišką ar kitką, kyšulys.
6. prk. koks smailus daiktas (riesta rankena, kuolas puodynėms mauti ir pan.).
… Į ~ą riesti (suriesti, varyti, suvaryti) (sukirsti, įveikti). Į ~ą (labai) sušalti, sudžiūti, sukietėti. Kaip iš ~o (labai
gerai). ~a¤ dygsta (kyla į puikybę). ~łs nulaužti (nulaužyti, palaužyti) (puikybę, užsispyrimą išvaryti). ~łs rodyti
(statyti) (būti užsispyrusiam, nesukalbamam)
Main Entry: horn
Pronunciation: \ˈhȯrn\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English; akin to Old High German horn, Latin cornu, Greek keras
Date: before 12th century
1 a : one of the usually paired bony processes that arise from the head of many ungulates and that are found in
some extinct mammals and reptiles: as (1) : one of the permanent paired hollow sheaths of keratin usually
present in both sexes of cattle and their relatives that function chiefly for defense and arise from a bony core
anchored to the skull — see COW ILLUSTRATION (2) : ANTLER (3) : a permanent solid horn of keratin that is
attached to the nasal bone of a rhinoceros (4) : one of a pair of permanent bone protuberances from the skull of a
giraffe or okapi that are covered with hairy skin b : a part like an animal's horn attributed especially to the devil c
: a natural projection or excrescence from an animal resembling or suggestive of a horn d (1) : the tough fibrous
material consisting chiefly of keratin that covers or forms the horns of cattle and related animals, hooves, or
other horny parts (as claws or nails) (2) : a manufactured product (as a plastic) resembling horn e : a hollow horn
used to hold something
2 : something resembling or suggestive of a horn: as a : one of the curved ends of a crescent b : a sharp
mountain peak c : a body of land or water shaped like a horn d : a beak-shaped part of an anvil e : a high
pommel of a saddle f : CORNU
3 a : an animal's horn used as a wind instrument b : a brass wind instrument: as (1) : HUNTING HORN (2) :
FRENCH HORN c : a wind instrument used in a jazz band; especially : TRUMPET d : a usually electrical device
that makes a noise like that of a horn
4 : a source of strength
5 : one of the equally disadvantageous alternatives presented by a dilemma
6 slang : TELEPHONE
177
— horn adjective
— horned \ˈhȯrnd also ˈhȯr-nəd\ adjective
— horned·ness \ˈhȯr-nəd-nəs, ˈhȯrn(d)-nəs\ noun
— horn·less \ˈhȯrn-ləs\ adjective
— horn·less·ness noun
— horn·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
ra¤d|ė (2)
garso rašmuo: Didžiosios ir mažosios ~ės. ~źs vedžioti (mėginti rašyti). | prk.: Įstatymo ~ės žiūrėti (griežtai
laikytis įstatymų)
Main Entry: 1let·ter
Pronunciation: \ˈle-tər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French lettre, from Latin littera letter of the alphabet, litterae, plural,
epistle, literature
Date: 13th century
1 : a symbol usually written or printed representing a speech sound and constituting a unit of an alphabet
2 a : a direct or personal written or printed message addressed to a person or organization b : a written
communication containing a grant —usually used in plural
3 plural but sing or plural in constr a : LITERATURE, BELLES LETTRES b : LEARNING
4 : the strict or outward sense or significance <the letter of the law>
5 a : a single piece of type b : a style of type
6 : the initial of a school awarded to a student for achievement usually in athletics
rćnd|as (3)
užgijusios žaizdos žymė: Gilus, raudonas, platus r. Žaizda užgijo, bet ~a¤ liko. ~ģliai nuo raupų
Main Entry: 2scar
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English escare, scar, from Middle French escare scab, from Late Latin eschara, from
Greek, hearth, brazier, scab
Date: 14th century
1 : a mark left (as in the skin) by the healing of injured tissue
2 a : a mark left on a stem or branch by a fallen leaf or harvested fruit b : CICATRIX 2
3 : a mark or indentation resulting from damage or wear
4 : a lasting moral or emotional injury <one of his men had been killed…in a manner that left a scar upon his
mind — H. G. Wells>
— scar·less \-ləs\ adjective
ra¹kšluos|tis (1)
pailgas, siauras audeklo gabalas rankoms, veidui šluostyti: Sausai nusišluostė (nusitrynė) ~čiu
Main Entry: 1tow·el
Pronunciation: \ˈtau̇(-ə)l\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English towaille, from Anglo-French tuaille, of Germanic origin; akin to Old High German
dwahila towel; akin to Old High German dwahan to wash
178
Date: 13th century
: an absorbent cloth or paper for wiping or drying
ras|ā (4)
1. vandens lašeliai, susidarę, atvėsus orui, ir aptraukiantys žemės paviršiuje esančius daiktus ir augalus: Ryto r.
blizga, žiba. R. krinta. Didelė r. –nebus lietaus. Braido po ~ās. Lietus råsą (~ģlę) padarė (nedaug lijo). Su ~ā
išėjo pjauti (anksti rytą). Kol saulė patekės, r. ir akis išės (flk.).
2. prk. truputis, lašelis: Nurijo vandens ~ģlę. Nė ~õs burnoje neturėjau.
™ ~õs šventė (vasaros saulėgrįžos apeigos)
Main Entry: dew
Pronunciation: \ˈdü also ˈdyü\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English dēaw; akin to Old High German tou dew, Greek thein to run
Date: before 12th century
1 : moisture condensed upon the surfaces of cool bodies especially at night
2 : something resembling dew in purity, freshness, or power to refresh
3 : moisture especially when appearing in minute droplets: as a : TEARS b : SWEAT c : droplets of water
produced by a plant in transpiration
— dew transitive verb
— dew·less \-ləs\ adjective
råt|as (2)
1. skritulys su stipinais arba be jų, maunamas ant ašies ir besisukantis, vežimui ar kokiam mechanizmui judant:
Automobilio, vagono, vežimo r. R. rieda, sukasi. Netepti ~ai cypia. Gyvena ant ~ų (nuolat važinėja).
2. lankas, apskritimas, ratilas: Gelbėjimo r. Apie saulę buvo baltas r. (drignė). Paukščiai suko ore didelius ~łs.
Sustokime visi ~ł. Glaudžiu ~ł apsupo.
3. pirmenybių, rinkimų ir kt. tam tikra dalis: Penktas šachmatų pirmenybių r. Rinkimai vyko trimis ~ais.
4. prk. sritis, sfera: Interesų, veiklos r.
5. prk. grupė žmonių, kuriuos kas nors vienija, jungia, būrys, kompanija: Draugų, pažįstamų r.
… Užburtas r. (padėtis be išeities)
Main Entry: 1wheel
Pronunciation: \ˈhwēl, ˈwēl\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hweogol, hwēol; akin to Old Norse hvēl wheel, Greek kyklos
circle, wheel, Sanskrit cakra, Latin colere to cultivate, inhabit, Sanskrit carati he moves, wanders
Date: before 12th century
1 : a circular frame of hard material that may be solid, partly solid, or spoked and that is capable of turning on an
axle
2 : a contrivance or apparatus having as its principal part a wheel: as a : a chiefly medieval instrument of torture
designed for mutilating a victim (as by stretching or disjointing) b : BICYCLE c : any of many revolving disks or
drums used as gambling paraphernalia d : POTTER'S WHEEL e : STEERING WHEEL
3 a : an imaginary turning wheel symbolizing the inconstancy of fortune b : a recurring course, development, or
action : CYCLE
4 : something (as a round flat cheese) resembling a wheel in shape
5 a : a curving or circular movement b : a rotation or turn usually about an axis or center; specifically : a turning
movement of troops or ships in line in which the units preserve alignment and relative positions as they change
direction
6 a : a moving or essential part of something compared to a machine <the wheels of government> b : a directing
or controlling force c : a person of importance especially in an organization <a big wheel>
7 : the refrain or burden of a song
8 a : a circuit of theaters or places of entertainment b : a sports league
179
9 plural slang : a wheeled vehicle; especially : AUTOMOBILE
10 plural slang : LEGS
— wheel·less \ˈhwēl-ləs, ˈwēl-\ adjective
[WHEEL ILLUSTRATION]
råšal|as (3b)
1. spalvotas rašomasis skystis: Raudonas, mėlynas, juodas r. ~o dėmė. R. lieja. ~o užlašino.
2. šnek. prastas, pigus vynas
Main Entry: 1ink
Pronunciation: \ˈiŋk\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English enke, from Anglo-French encre, enke, from Late Latin encaustum, from neuter of
Latin encaustus burned in, from Greek enkaustos, verbal of enkaiein to burn in — more at ENCAUSTIC
Date: 13th century
1 : a colored usually liquid material for writing and printing
2 : the black protective secretion of a cephalopod
3 slang : PUBLICITY 2d
— ink·i·ness \ˈiŋ-kē-nəs\ noun
— inky \ˈiŋ-kē\ adjective
rib|ā (4)
1. erdvės ar laiko tarpų skiriamoji vieta; siena: Šalies, krašto rķbos. Galutinė, aiški r. Žinomas už Lietuvos ~‹.
2. leidžiamoji norma, paskutinis laipsnis: Svorio, stiprumo r. Viskam yra rķbos. Padorumo rķbos. Džiaugsmui
nebuvo ~‹.
3. mat. pastovusis dydis, prie kurio artėja kintamasis dydis, priklausomas nuo kito kintamojo dydžio
Main Entry: 1lim·it
Pronunciation: \ˈli-mət\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French limite, from Latin limit-, limes boundary
Date: 14th century
1 a : something that bounds, restrains, or confines b : the utmost extent
2 a : a geographic or political boundary b plural : the place enclosed within a boundary : BOUNDS
3 : LIMITATION
4 : a determining feature or differentia in logic
5 : a prescribed maximum or minimum amount, quantity, or number: as a : the maximum quantity of game or
fish that may be taken legally in a specified period b : a maximum established for a gambling bet, raise, or
payoff
6 a : a number whose numerical difference from a mathematical function is arbitrarily small for all values of the
independent variables that are sufficiently close to but not equal to given prescribed numbers or that are
sufficiently large positively or negatively b : a number that for an infinite sequence of numbers is such that
ultimately each of the remaining terms of the sequence differs from this number by less than any given positive
amount
7 : something that is exasperating or intolerable
— lim·it·less \-ləs\ adjective
— lim·it·less·ly adverb
— lim·it·less·ness noun
rīešut|as (3a)
1. lazdynų ar kitų medžių vaisius kietu kevalu ir valgomu branduoliu: ~us skinti, skainioti. Neįkanda ~‹. Kremta
180
~us.
2. riešutmedžių, kedrų, kokoso palmių kaulavaisis.
… Kaip ~ą krimsti (gerai ką daryti; skaityti). Kietas r. (sunkiai įveikiamas dalykas)
Main Entry: 1nut
Pronunciation: \ˈnət\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English nute, note, from Old English hnutu; akin to Old High German nuz nut and perhaps
to Latin nux nut
Date: before 12th century
1 a (1) : a hard-shelled dry fruit or seed with a separable rind or shell and interior kernel (2) : the kernel of a nut
b : a dry indehiscent one-seeded fruit with a woody pericarp
2 a : a hard problem or undertaking b : CORE, HEART
3 : a perforated block usually of metal that has an internal screw thread and is used on a bolt or screw for
tightening or holding something
4 : the ridge in a stringed instrument (as a violin) over which the strings pass on the upper end of the fingerboard
5 : a small lump (as of butter)
6 a : a foolish, eccentric, or crazy person b : ENTHUSIAST <a movie nut>
7 plural : NONSENSE —often used interjectionally
8 slang : a person's head
9 usually vulgar : TESTIS
10 : the amount of money that must be earned in order to break even
11 : EN 1
— nut·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
ryklżs (4)
1. zool. didžiulė plėšri jūrų žuvis: Dygusis r. (Squalus acanthias). Silkinis r. (Lamna cornubica).
2. šnek. kas nepasotinamas, grobuoniškas, godus
Main Entry: 1shark
Pronunciation: \ˈshärk\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English
Date: 15th century
: any of numerous mostly marine cartilaginous fishes of medium to large size that have a fusiform body, lateral
branchial clefts, and a tough usually dull gray skin roughened by minute tubercles and are typically active
predators sometimes dangerous to humans
— shark·like \ˈshärk-ˌlīk\ adjective
[SHARK ILLUSTRATION]
rūm|ai dgs. (1)
1. reprezentacinis gyvenamasis ar administracinis pastatas: Ministerijos, universiteto r.
2. įstatymų leidžiamosios įstaigos sudėtinė dalis; vyriausioji įstaiga: Žemieji, aukštieji r. Bendruomenių, lordų r.
Teismo, prekybos, darbo r. Knygų r.
Main Entry: 1pal·ace
Pronunciation: \ˈpa-ləs\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English palais, from Anglo-French, from Latin palatium, from Palatium, the Palatine Hill in
Rome where the emperors' residences were built
Date: 13th century
1 a : the official residence of a chief of state (as a monarch or a president) b chiefly British : the official
residence of an archbishop or bishop
181
2 a : a large stately house b : a large public building c : a highly decorated place for public amusement or
refreshment <a movie palace>
1 sag|ā (4)
į kilputę ar skylutę neriamas skrituliukas drabužiams susegti: ~ās įsiūti. Ištrūko s., ~ģlė, ~łtė. Medinės, metalinės
sågos
Main Entry: 1but·ton
Pronunciation: \ˈbə-tən\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English boton, from Anglo-French butun rose hip, stud, from buter to thrust — more at
BUTT
Date: 14th century
1 a : a small knob or disk secured to an article (as of clothing) and used as a fastener by passing it through a
buttonhole or loop b : a usually circular metal or plastic badge bearing a stamped design or printed slogan
<campaign button>
2 : something that resembles a button: as a : any of various parts or growths of a plant or of an animal: as (1) :
BUD (2) : an immature whole mushroom; especially : BUTTON MUSHROOM (3) : the terminal segment of a
rattlesnake's rattle b : a small globule of metal remaining after fusion (as in assaying) c : a guard on the tip of a
fencing foil
3 a : PUSH BUTTON b : something (as a push button) that has the real or symbolic capability of initiating a
catastrophe (as a nuclear attack) <has his finger on the button> c : a hidden sensitivity that can be manipulated to
produce a desired response <knows how to push my buttons> d : a usually box-shaped computer icon that
initiates a specific software function
4 : the point of the chin especially as a target for a knockout blow
— but·ton·less \-ləs\ adjective
— on the button : EXACTLY <arrived at noon on the button>; also : exactly on target : on the nose <the
estimate was right on the button>
sijõn|as (2)
moteriškas drabužis, einantis nuo juosmens žemyn: Užsisegti, pasikaišyti ~ą. Segėti trumpu ~ėlił.
… Po ~ł laikyti (lepinti)
Main Entry: 1skirt
Pronunciation: \ˈskərt\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old Norse skyrta shirt, kirtle — more at SHIRT
Date: 14th century
1 a (1) : a free-hanging part of an outer garment or undergarment extending from the waist down (2) : a separate
free-hanging outer garment or undergarment usually worn by women and girls covering some or all of the body
from the waist down b : either of two usually leather flaps on a saddle covering the bars on which the stirrups are
hung c : a cloth facing that hangs from the bottom edge or across the front of a piece of furniture d : the lower
branches of a tree when near the ground
2 a : the rim, periphery, or environs of an area b plural : outlying parts (as of a town or city)
3 : a part or attachment serving as a rim, border, or edging
4 slang : a girl or woman
— skirt·ed adjective
sõd|as (2)
1. žemės plotas, kuriame auga vaismedžiai ir vaiskrūmiai; patys tie vaismedžiai ir vaiskrūmiai: Vaisių s.
Kolektyvinis s. S. gražiai žydi. Bites laiko ~ź.
2. medžiais apsodintas plotas, parkas: Botanikos s. (sklypas, kur mokslo tikslais auginami įvairūs augalai).
Miesto s.
3. etnogr. ryt., dz. vestuvinis šiaudų reketukas, kabinamas ties stalu
182
Main Entry: 1gar·den
Pronunciation: \ˈgär-dən\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English gardin, from Anglo-French gardin, jardin, of Germanic origin; akin to Old High
German gart enclosure — more at YARD
Date: 13th century
1 a : a plot of ground where herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables are cultivated b : a rich well-cultivated region c
: a container (as a window box) planted with usually a variety of small plants
2 a : a public recreation area or park usually ornamented with plants and trees <a botanical garden> b : an openair eating or drinking place c : a large hall for public entertainment
— gar·den·ful \-ˌfu̇l\ noun
salotā (2)
bot. graižažiedžių šeimos piktžolė ir lapinė daržovė, turinti pieniškų sulčių (Lactuca): Nuodingoji s. (L. virosa).
Sėjamoji s. (L. sativa). Lapinės, gūžinės salõtos
Main Entry: let·tuce
Pronunciation: \ˈle-təs\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English letuse, from Anglo-French letuse, probably from plural of letue lettuce plant, from
Latin lactuca, from lact-, lac milk; from its milky juice — more at GALAXY
Date: 14th century
: any of a genus (Lactuca) of composite plants; especially : a common garden vegetable (L. sativa) whose
succulent leaves are used especially in salads
sćul|ė (1)
1. dangaus kūnas, aplink kurį skrieja Žemė ir kitos planetos: Patekėjo, nusileido s. ~ės šiluma. ~ės užtemimas.
~łtė įspindo. ~ģlė skaisčiai švietė. Su ~e baigėme darbus. Žmogus ne ~ės amžių gyvena (flk.).
2. to dangaus kūno spinduliai, šviesa, atokaita: ~ėje nudegęs. ~ėje kepti, šildytis, sėdėti, gulėti. Jį s. gerai ima
(dega).
™ ~ės ašarėlė (saulašarė). ~ės rezginys (anat. žmogaus nervų telkinys pilvo ertmėje prie aortos). ~ės smūgis
(med. liguista būsena, perkaitus galvą saulėje). ~ės vonios (šildymasis saulėje). ~ės vainikas (astr. Saulės
atmosferos išorinis labai retas sluoksnis).
… ~ės brolis (tinginys). ~ės lankčiu lenktis (atsilenkti) (iš tolo vengti, šalintis). S. žeme ridinėja (ritinėjasi) (labai
gražus, saulėtas oras)
Main Entry: 1sun
Pronunciation: \ˈsən\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English sunne, from Old English; akin to Old High German sunna sun, Latin sol — more at
SOLAR
Date: before 12th century
1 a often capitalized : the luminous celestial body around which the earth and other planets revolve, from which
they receive heat and light, which is composed mainly of hydrogen and helium, and which has a mean distance
from earth of about 93,000,000 miles (150,000,000 kilometers), a linear diameter of 864,000 miles (1,390,000
kilometers), and a mass 332,000 times greater than earth b : a celestial body like the sun : STAR
2 : the heat or light radiated from the sun <played in the sun all day>
3 : one resembling the sun (as in warmth or brilliance)
4 : the rising or setting of the sun <from sun to sun>
5 : GLORY, SPLENDOR
— in the sun : in the public eye
— under the sun : in the world : on earth
183
ses|uõ, ~e»s m. (3b)
1. moteriškos lyties žmogus kitiems savo tėvų vaikams: Mes buvome dvi sģserys. Ji mano ~er›lė (~erōtė). Liga
ne s. (flk.).
2. prk. tos pačios aplinkos, bendrų interesų moteris, bičiulė: Mieli broliai ir sģserys – gyvenkite gražiuoju.
3. bažn. vienuolė ar bažnytinės brolijos narė.
™ Medicinos s. (vidurinio medicininio išsilavinimo moteris)
Main Entry: sis·ter
Pronunciation: \ˈsis-tər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English suster, sister, partly from Old English sweostor and partly from Old Norse systir
sister; akin to Latin soror sister, Sanskrit svasṛ
Date: before 12th century
1 : a female who has one or both parents in common with another
2 often capitalized a : a member of a women's religious order (as of nuns or deaconesses); especially : one of a
Roman Catholic congregation under simple vows b : a girl or woman who is a member of a Christian church
3 a : a girl or woman regarded as a comrade b : a girl or woman who shares with another a common national or
racial origin; especially : a black girl or woman
4 : one that is closely similar to or associated with another <sister schools> <sister cities>
5 chiefly British : NURSE
6 a : GIRL, WOMAN b : PERSON —usually used in the phrase weak sister
7 : a member of a sorority
sidåbr|as (2)
1. chem. baltas, blizgus, sunkus, minkštas, kalus, nerūdijantis metalas, geriausias elektros ir šilumos laidininkas,
vartojamas monetoms, juvelyriniams dirbiniams ir kt. (Ag): ~o indai. Plaukai ~ł žiba (žili). Rūtų raselė taip
gražiai šviečia kaip ~›lis (d.).
2. iš šio metalo padaryti daiktai: ~ł moka (sidabrinėmis monetomis). S. išdėtas ant stalo (sidabriniai indai).
™ Gyvasis s. (chem. gyvsidabris, Hg)
Main Entry: 1sil·ver
Pronunciation: \ˈsil-vər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English seolfor; akin to Old High German silbar silver, Lithuanian
sidabras
Date: before 12th century
1 : a white ductile very malleable metallic element that is capable of a high degree of polish, is chiefly
monovalent in compounds, and has the highest thermal and electric conductivity of any substance — see
ELEMENT TABLE
2 : silver as a commodity <the value of silver has risen>
3 : coin made of silver
4 : articles (as hollowware or table flatware) made of or plated with silver; also : similar articles and especially
flatware of other metals (as stainless steel)
5 : a nearly neutral slightly brownish medium gray
6 : COHO
7 : a silver medal awarded as the second prize in a competiton
signål|as (2)
1. garso, šviesos ar kitoks ženklas kokiai nors žiniai perduoti: Radijo, automobilio s. Garso, šviesos, vaizdo,
elektrinis s. Nerviniai ~ai. Pavojaus, nelaimės, gaisro s. Duoti, įjungti, priimti ~ą.
2. prk. įspėjamasis pranešimas: Reikia tuojau reaguoti į ~łs
Main Entry: 1sig·nal
184
Pronunciation: \ˈsig-nəl\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Medieval Latin signale, from Late Latin, neuter of signalis of a sign, from
Latin signum
Date: 14th century
1 : SIGN, INDICATION
2 a : an act, event, or watchword that has been agreed on as the occasion of concerted action b : something that
incites to action
3 : something (as a sound, gesture, or object) that conveys notice or warning
4 a : an object used to transmit or convey information beyond the range of human voice b : the sound or image
conveyed in telegraphy, telephony, radio, radar, or television c : a detectable physical quantity or impulse (as a
voltage, current, or magnetic field strength) by which messages or information can be transmitted
skyl|› (4)
1. kiaura vieta, kiauruma: Skylę gręžti, kalti, durti. Kiauroji, aklinoji s. Stogo, drabužio, medžio, kojinės s.
Didelė, apskrita s. Tvoroje ~›s ieško (flk. ieško, ko nereikia ieškoti).
2. prk. vieta pasislėpti, prisiglausti ar iš bėdos gyventi: Neranda ~›s, kur pasidėti. Ištrauk jį iš tos ~›s.
3. šnek. būtinas reikalas turėti išlaidų: ~źs užkišti (skolas, mokesčius užmokėti). Kai turi pinigų, tai ir ~i‹
atsiranda.
™ Ozono s. (spec. stratosferos ozono sluoksnio kiauruma)
Main Entry: 1hole
Pronunciation: \ˈhōl\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hol (from neuter of hol, adjective, hollow) & holh; akin to Old
High German hol, adjective, hollow and perhaps to Old English helan to conceal — more at HELL
Date: before 12th century
1 a : an opening through something : PERFORATION <have a hole in my coat> b : an area where something is
missing : GAP: as (1) : a serious discrepancy : FLAW, WEAKNESS <some holes in your logic> (2) : an opening in
a defensive formation; especially : the area of a baseball field between the positions of shortstop and third
baseman (3) : a defect in a crystal (as of a semiconductor) that is due to an electron's having left its normal
position in one of the crystal bonds and that is equivalent in many respects to a positively charged particle
2 : a hollowed-out place: as a : a cave, pit, or well in the ground b : BURROW c : an unusually deep place in a
body of water (as a river)
3 a : a wretched or dreary place b : a prison cell especially for solitary confinement
4 a : a shallow cylindrical hole in the putting green of a golf course into which the ball is played b : a part of the
golf course from tee to putting green <just beginning play on the third hole>; also : the play on such a hole as a
unit of scoring <won the hole by two strokes>
5 a : an awkward position or circumstance : FIX <got the rebels out of a hole at the battle — Kenneth Roberts> b
: a position of owing or losing money <$10 million in the hole> <raising money to get out of the hole>
— in the hole 1 : having a score below zero
2 : at a disadvantage
sm›l|is (2)
smulki, biri žemė: Vėjo nešiojamas s. Pabarstyti ~ił taką. Čia prasta žemė – gyvas s.
Main Entry: 1sand
Pronunciation: \ˈsand\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English; akin to Old High German sant sand, Latin sabulum, Greek
psammos
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a loose granular material that results from the disintegration of rocks, consists of particles smaller than
gravel but coarser than silt, and is used in mortar, glass, abrasives, and foundry molds b : soil containing 85
percent or more of sand and a maximum of 10 percent of clay; broadly : sandy soil
185
2 a : a tract of sand : BEACH b : a sandbank or sandbar
3 : the sand in an hourglass; also : the moments of a lifetime —usually used in plural <the sands of this
government run out very rapidly — H. J. Laski>
4 : an oil-producing formation of sandstone or unconsolidated sand
5 : firm resolution
6 : a yellowish-gray color
sniģg|as (4)
baltų dribsnelių pavidalo krituliai ar jų sluoksnis: S. sninga. Amžinasis s. (aukštų kalnų viršūnėse). S. apklojo
žemę. ~ą varyti, leisti (tirpdyti). ~o gniūžtė. ~a¤s mėtytis. ~ģlis birena. Baltas kaip s.
Main Entry: 1snow
Pronunciation: \ˈsnō\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English snāw; akin to Old High German snēo snow, Latin niv-, nix, Greek
nipha (accusative)
Date: before 12th century
1 a : precipitation in the form of small white ice crystals formed directly from the water vapor of the air at a
temperature of less than 32°F (0°C) b (1) : a descent or shower of snow crystals (2) : a mass of fallen snow
crystals
2 : something resembling snow: as a : a dessert made of stiffly beaten whites of eggs, sugar, and fruit pulp
<apple snow> b : a usually white crystalline substance that condenses from a fluid phase as snow does
<ammonia snow> c slang (1) : COCAINE (2) : HEROIN d : small transient light or dark spots on a television
screen
— snow·less \-ləs\ adjective
sofā, sņfos (2)
minkštas platus suolas su atkalte: Gulimoji s.
Main Entry: so·fa
Pronunciation: \ˈsō-fə\
Function: noun
Etymology: earlier, raised carpeted floor, from Italian sofà, from Turkish sofa, from Arabic ṣuffa carpet, divan
Date: 1717
: a long upholstered seat usually with arms and a back and often convertible into a bed
spa»n|as (4)
1. paukščių, vabzdžių porinis skrendamasis organas: Gaidys suplasnojo ~a¤s. Ištiesė ~łs (ruošiasi skristi).
Drugio ~ģliai.
2. av. porinė plokštuma skersai lėktuvo liemens, padedanti susidaryti keliamajai jėgai.
3. vėjinio malūno vėjo sukamos dalies viena plokštė.
4. malūnsparnio ar sraigtasparnio sraigto mentė.
5. javapjovės, vėtyklės ar kitokio įtaiso sukama plokštė, mentė.
6. ratelio įtvaras ritei, šakės, žirklės.
7. skarda viršum rato, kad važiuojant nesitaškytų.
8. rogių prieduras iš šono, laiptelis.
9. žvejojamo tinklo šoninė dalis.
10. pastato šoninė dalis, fligelis.
11. fronto ar rikiuotės šonas, flangas.
12. dvipusio, dvilypio daikto pusė; kraštinė dalis: Durų, lango s. Stalo ~a¤. Debesų ~a¤. Raukšlės ~a¤ (geol.).
Karaliaus, valdovės s. (sport.). Kairysis partijos s.
186
13. tarm. žuvies pelekas.
… Po ~ł laikyti (globoti). ~łs aplaužyti (užmojus sugniuždyti). ~łs kelti (kilnoti) (rengtis keliauti). ~łs nuleisti
(nusiminti; nebesipriešinti). ~łs pakelti (rengtis išvykti). ~ą rėžti (sukti) (mergintis, meilintis)
Main Entry: 1wing
Pronunciation: \ˈwiŋ\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English winge, of Scandinavian origin; akin to Dan & Swedish vinge wing; akin to Sanskrit
vāti it blows — more at WIND
Date: 13th century
1 a : one of the movable feathered or membranous paired appendages by means of which a bird, bat, or insect is
able to fly; also : such an appendage even though rudimentary if possessed by an animal belonging to a group
characterized by the power of flight b : any of various anatomical structures (as of a flying fish or flying lemur)
providing means of limited flight
2 : an appendage or part resembling a wing in appearance, position, or function: as a : a device worn under the
arms to aid a person in swimming or staying afloat b : ALA c : a turned-back or extended edge on an article of
clothing d : a sidepiece at the top of an armchair e (1) : a foliaceous, membranous, or woody expansion of a
plant especially along a stem or on a samara or capsule (2) : either of the two lateral petals of a papilionaceous
flower f : a vane of a windmill or arrow g : SAIL h : an airfoil that develops a major part of the lift which
supports a heavier-than-air aircraft i chiefly British : FENDER d
3 : a means of flight or rapid progress
4 : the act or manner of flying : FLIGHT <take wing>
5 : a side or outlying region or district
6 : a part or feature of a building usually projecting from and subordinate to the main or central part <the
servants' wing>
7 a : one of the pieces of scenery at the side of a stage b plural : the area at the side of the stage out of sight
8 a : a left or right section of an army or fleet : FLANK b : one of the offensive positions or players on either side
of a center position in certain team sports; also : FLANKER
9 a : either of two opposing groups within an organization or society : FACTION b : a section of an organized
body (as a legislative chamber) representing a group or faction holding distinct opinions or policies — compare
LEFT WING, RIGHT WING
10 a : a unit of the United States Air Force higher than a group and lower than a division b : two or more
squadrons of naval airplanes
11 : a dance step marked by a quick outward and inward rolling glide of one foot
12 plural : insignia consisting of an outspread pair of stylized bird's wings which are awarded on completion of
prescribed training to a qualified pilot, aircrew member, or military balloon pilot
— wingy \ˈwiŋ-ē\ adjective
— in the wings 1 : out of sight in the stage wings
2 : close at hand in the background : readily available <had a plan waiting in the wings>
— on the wing 1 : in flight : FLYING
2 : in motion
— under one's wing : under one's protection : in one's care <took her under his wing>
[WING ILLUSTRATION]
spindul|żs (3b)
1. siauras šviesos ruoželis: Spi¹dulius leisti. Akys bijo ~i‹.
2. ppr. dgs. iš tam tikro šaltinio sklindantis bangų ar dalelių srautas: Saulės s. Šilumos ~ia¤. Rentgeno ~ia¤.
Kosminiai ~ia¤. Neregimieji ~ia¤.
3. prk. ko nors netikėtas, trumpas pasirodymas: Vilties s. Jo veide pasirodė linksmas s.
4. geom. atkarpa, jungianti apskritimo ar rutulio paviršiaus tašką su centru: Visi vieno apskritimo ~ia¤ yra lygūs.
5. ntk. = stipinkaulis
Main Entry: 2ray
Function: noun
187
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French rai, from Latin radius rod, ray
Date: 14th century
1 a : any of the lines of light that appear to radiate from a bright object b : a beam of radiant energy (as light) of
small cross section c (1) : a stream of material particles traveling in the same line (as in radioactive phenomena)
(2) : a single particle of such a stream
2 a : light cast by rays : RADIANCE b : a moral or intellectual light
3 : a thin line suggesting a ray: as a : any of a group of lines diverging from a common center b : HALF LINE
4 a : one of the bony rods that extend and support the membrane in the fin of a fish b : one of the radiating
divisions of the body of a radiate animal (as a starfish)
5 a : a branch or flower stalk of an umbel b (1) : MEDULLARY RAY (2) : VASCULAR RAY c : RAY FLOWER 1
6 : PARTICLE, TRACE <a ray of hope>
— rayed \rād\ adjective
spygl|żs (4)
1. adatos pavidalo lapas: Pušies ~ia¤ krinta.
2. durianti atauga: Dyglė turi ~iłs. Rožės ~ia¤. Ežio ~ia¤.
3. spygliuotos vielos dyglys
Main Entry: thorn
Pronunciation: \thorn\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English; akin to Old High German dorn thorn, Sanskrit tṛṇa grass, blade
of grass
Date: before 12th century
1 : a woody plant bearing sharp impeding processes (as prickles or spines); especially : HAWTHORN
2 a : a sharp rigid process on a plant; specifically : a short, indurated, sharp-pointed, and leafless modified
branch b : any of various sharp spinose structures on an animal
3 : the runic letter þ used in Old English and Middle English to represent either of the fricatives \th\ or \th\ and in
Icelandic to represent \th\
4 : something that causes distress or irritation —often used in the phrase thorn in one's side
— thorned \thornd\ adjective
— thorn·less \thorn-ləs\ adjective
— thorn·like \-līk\ adjective
statulā (3b)
apvaliosios skulptūros kūrinys, vaizduojantis žmogų, gyvūną arba jų grupę: Medžio, medinės.
Main Entry: stat·ue
Pronunciation: \sta-()chü\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French estatue, statue, from Latin statua, from statuere to set up —
more at STATUTE
Date: 14th century
: a three-dimensional representation usually of a person, animal, or mythical being that is produced by
sculpturing, modeling, or casting
stebłkl|as (2)
1. bažn., mit. nepaprastas reiškinys, vykstantis, įsikišant antgamtinėms jėgoms: Tiki ~ais. Ar gali įvykti s.?
Pasirodė s.
2. prk. nuostabus, nepaprastas dalykas: Technikos s. Medicina daro ~łs. S., kad jis išgijo
Main Entry: mir·a·cle
Pronunciation: \mir-i-kəl\
Function: noun
188
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Late Latin miraculum, from Latin, a wonder, marvel,
from mirari to wonder at
Date: 12th century
1 : an extraordinary event manifesting divine intervention in human affairs
2 : an extremely outstanding or unusual event, thing, or accomplishment
3 Christian Science : a divinely natural phenomenon experienced humanly as the fulfillment of spiritual law
stķkl|as (4)
1. kieta, trapi skaidri medžiaga, gaunama lydant smėlį: Nedūžtamas s. Plonas, matinis, spalvotas s. ~o fabrikas.
~ą pūsti, lieti, graviruoti. Kelias kaip s. (lygus).
2. gaminys iš tos skaidrios medžiagos: Keturių ~‹ langai. Akinių ~a¤.
3. stiklinė: Išgėrė ~ą arbatos.
4. žibalinės lempos liepsnos gaubtas
Main Entry: 1glass
Pronunciation: \glas, gläs\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English glas, from Old English glæs; akin to Old English geolu yellow — more at YELLOW
Date: before 12th century
1 : any of various amorphous materials formed from a melt by cooling to rigidity without crystallization: as a : a
usually transparent or translucent material consisting typically of a mixture of silicates b : a material (as
obsidian) produced by fast cooling of magma
2 a : something made of glass: as (1) : TUMBLER; also : GLASSWARE (2) : MIRROR (3) : BAROMETER (4) :
HOURGLASS (5) : BACKBOARD 1 b (1) : an optical instrument or device that has one or more lenses and is
designed to aid in the viewing of objects not readily seen (2) : FIELD GLASSES, BINOCULARS —usually used in
plural c plural : a device used to correct defects of vision or to protect the eyes that consists typically of a pair of
glass or plastic lenses and the frame by which they are held in place —called also eyeglasses, spectacles
3 : the quantity held by a glass container
4 : FIBERGLASS
— glass·ful \glas-ful\ noun
— glass·less \-ləs\ adjective
stovykl|ā (2)
1. laikina stovėjimo, buvimo vieta: Kariuomenės, sportininkų s. Keleivių, poilsio s. Akmens amžiaus, klajoklių s.
Belaisvių, pabėgėlių s. Priverčiamojo darbo s. Po koncentracijos ~ās kankino.
2. prk. visuomeninė politinė grupuotė.
3. gyvulių stovėjimo lauko aptvaras
Main Entry: 1camp
Pronunciation: \kamp\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle French, probably from Middle French dial. (Picard) or Old Occitan, from Latin campus
plain, field
Date: 1528
1 a : a place usually away from urban areas where tents or simple buildings (as cabins) are erected for shelter or
for temporary residence (as for laborers, prisoners, or vacationers) <migrant labor camp> b : a group of tents,
cabins, or huts <fishing camps along the river> c : a settlement newly sprung up in a lumbering or mining region
d : a place usually in the country for recreation or instruction often during the summer <goes to camp every
July>; also : a program offering access to recreational or educational facilities for a limited period of time
<computer camp> <a resort offering boating and hiking camps> e : a preseason training session for athletes <the
star pitcher injured in camp this spring>
2 a : a body of persons encamped b (1) : a group of persons; especially : a group engaged in promoting or
189
defending a theory, doctrine, position, or person (2) : an ideological position
3 : military service or life
stygā (2, 4)
1. tampri muzikos instrumento gija: Smuiko stżgos. Kanklės be stżgų. Kelias tiesus kaip s.
2. mat. tiesės atkarpa, jungianti du kreivės taškus.
™ Balso s. (anat. gerklų ertmės porinė tampri klostė, virpėdama duodanti balsą; ligamentum vocale)
Main Entry: 1cord
Pronunciation: \kord\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French corde, from Latin chorda string, from Greek chordē — more at
YARN
Date: 14th century
1 a : a long slender flexible material usually consisting of several strands (as of thread or yarn) woven or twisted
together b : the hangman's rope
2 : a moral, spiritual, or emotional bond
3 a : an anatomical structure (as a nerve or tendon) resembling a cord; especially : UMBILICAL CORD 1a b : a
small flexible insulated electrical cable having a plug at one or both ends used to connect a lamp or other
appliance with a receptacle
4 : a unit of wood cut for fuel equal to a stack 4 x 4 x 8 feet or 128 cubic feet
5 a : a rib like a cord on a textile b (1) : a fabric made with such ribs or a garment made of such a fabric (2)
plural : trousers made of such a fabric
sveikat|ā (2)
1. normalus organizmo veikimas: Saugoti sveikåtą. Sveikåtos apsauga.
2. bendra gyvo organizmo būklė: Silpna, tvirta s. Ligonio s. gerėja. Taisyti sveikåtą. Skundžiasi ~ā. Pagadinti
sveikåtą. Dirba, kiek s. leidžia. Degtinė kenkia sveikåtai. Į sveikåtą (linkėjimas valgant, geriant)!
3. jėga, stiprumas: Reikia sveikåtos tokiam maišui pakelti. Jo s. kaip gaidžio (maža).
… Sveikåtą gerti (išnaudoti)
Main Entry: health
Pronunciation: \helth also heltth\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English helthe, from Old English hælth, from hāl
Date: before 12th century
1 a : the condition of being sound in body, mind, or spirit; especially : freedom from physical disease or pain b :
the general condition of the body <in poor health> <enjoys good health>
2 a : flourishing condition : WELL-BEING <defending the health of the beloved oceans — Peter Wilkinson> b :
general condition or state <poor economic health>
3 : a toast to someone's health or prosperity
1 svģč|ias (4)
1. draugiškas namų lankytojas: Laukiamas, mielas s. Neprašytas s. Retas, netikėtas s. ~i‹ kambarys. Pasikvietė
~ią. Sėsk, būsi s. (flk.).
2. pašalinis asmuo, pakviestas į kokį posėdį, susirinkimą.
3. dgs. draugiškas lankymasis kieno nors namuose: Ką girdėjai ~iuosź? Einame į ~iłs
Main Entry: 1guest
Pronunciation: \gest\
190
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English gest, from Old Norse gestr; akin to Old English giest guest, stranger, Latin hostis
stranger, enemy
Date: 13th century
1 a : a person entertained in one's house b : a person to whom hospitality is extended c : a person who pays for
the services of an establishment (as a hotel or restaurant)
2 : an organism (as an insect) sharing the dwelling of another; especially : INQUILINE
3 : a substance that is incorporated in a host substance
4 : a usually prominent person not a regular member of a cast or organization who appears in a program or
performance
svīest|as (1)
iš grietinės gaunami riebalai: Lydytas s. ~ą muša, suka. Užsitepk ~o ant duonos. Blynas kepa su ~u.
™ Didysis s. (iš grietinės gerai neišsiskyręs sviestas).
… Kaip ~u patepta (sklandžiai)
Main Entry: 1but·ter
Pronunciation: \bə-tər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English butere, from Latin butyrum, from Greek boutyron, from bous cow
+ tyros cheese; akin to Avestan tūiri- curds — more at COW
Date: before 12th century
1 : a solid emulsion of fat globules, air, and water made by churning milk or cream and used as food
2 : a buttery substance: as a : any of various fatty oils remaining nearly solid at ordinary temperatures b : a
creamy food spread; especially : one made of ground roasted nuts <peanut butter>
3 : FLATTERY
— but·ter·less \-ləs\ adjective
sēraš|as (3a)
kas tam tikra eile surašyta: Įtraukti į ~ą. Prekių, daiktų s. Rinkėjų ~a¤. Vietovardžių s.
Main Entry: 8list
Function: noun
Etymology: French liste, from Italian lista, of Germanic origin; akin to Old High German līsta edge
Date: 1602
1 a : a simple series of words or numerals (as the names of persons or objects) <a guest list> b : an official roster
: ROLL
2 : CATALOG, CHECKLIST
3 : the total number to be considered or included
søkl|a (1)
1. bot. žiedinių augalų dauginimosi organas: Obuolio s., ~ōtė, ~iłkė. Dobilų ~os.
2. kuop. sėjamieji grūdai, sodinamosios daržovės, vaisiai: Šitie rugiai bus ~ai. Bulvių ~ai beliko. Kokia s., toks ir
derlius (flk.). Bloga s. ir nesėta auga (flk.).
3. biol. gyvūnų dauginimosi vyriškos lytinės ląstelės, sperma.
4. tarm. veislė: Gavome naujos ~os kviečių.
… Pikta s. (nedorėlis, nelabasis)
Main Entry: 1seed
Pronunciation: \sēd\
191
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural seed or seeds
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English sæd; akin to Old High German sāt seed, Old English sāwan to
sow — more at SOW
Date: before 12th century
1 a (1) : the grains or ripened ovules of plants used for sowing (2) : the fertilized ripened ovule of a flowering
plant containing an embryo and capable normally of germination to produce a new plant; broadly : a propagative
plant structure (as a spore or small dry fruit) b : a propagative animal structure: (1) : MILT, SEMEN (2) : a small
egg (as of an insect) (3) : a developmental form of a lower animal suitable for transplanting; specifically : SPAT c
: the condition or stage of bearing seed <in seed>
2 : PROGENY
3 : a source of development or growth : GERM <sowed the seeds of discord>
4 : something (as a tiny particle or a bubble in glass) that resembles a seed in shape or size
5 : a competitor who has been seeded in a tournament <the top seed>
— seed adjective
— seed·ed \sē-dəd\ adjective
— seed·less \sēd-ləs\ adjective
— seed·like \-līk\ adjective
— go to seed or run to seed 1 : to develop seed
2 : DECAY, DETERIORATE
sūn|łs (3)
1. vyriškos lyties vaikas savo tėvams: Jauniausias, vyriausias s. Pirmagimis s. Visi sænūs išėjo mokslus.
Kelkitės, ~ait›liai!
2. prk. žmogus kaip kolektyvo narys, jo auklėtinis: Ištikimas tėvynės s. Lietuvos sænūs.
Main Entry: son
Pronunciation: \sən\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English sone, from Old English sunu; akin to Old High German sun son, Greek hyios
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a human male offspring especially of human beings b : a male adopted child c : a human male descendant
2 capitalized : the second person of the Trinity
3 : a person closely associated with or deriving from a formative agent (as a nation, school, or race)
— son·hood \-hud\ noun
1 sūr|is (1)
iš slėgtos varškės ar kitokiu būdu darytas pieno produktas: Baltas, minkštas s. Rūgštinis, saldinis s. Olandiškas s.
Džiovintas s. Lydytas ~ģlis
Main Entry: 1cheese
Pronunciation: \chēz\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English chese, from Old English cēse, from Latin caseus cheese
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a food consisting of the coagulated, compressed, and usually ripened curd of milk separated from the whey
b : an often cylindrical cake of this food
2 : something resembling cheese in shape or consistency
3 : something cheap or shabby : cheesy material <cinematic cheese>
šachmåt|ai dgs. (2)
porinis žaidimas tam tikromis figūromis lentoje su šešiasdešimt keturiais laukeliais; to žaidimo figūros: Žaisti
~ais. Nusipirko ~łs
192
Main Entry: 1chess
Pronunciation: \ˈches\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English ches, from Anglo-French escheks, eschés, plural of eschec check at chess — more at
CHECK
Date: 14th century
: a game for 2 players each of whom moves 16 pieces according to fixed rules across a checkerboard and tries to
checkmate the opponent's king
šålik|as (1)
pailga skarelė kaklui apsirišti, kaklajuostė: Apsivynioti kaklą ~u
Main Entry: 1scarf
Pronunciation: \ˈskärf\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural scarfs
Etymology: Middle English skarf, probably from Old Norse skarfr butt end of a plank
Date: 15th century
1 : either of the chamfered or cutaway ends that fit together to form a scarf joint
2 : an in-line joint made by chamfering, halving, or notching two pieces to correspond and lapping them
[SCARF ILLUSTRATION]
šak|ā (4)
1. stiebo išauga: Beržo, liepos š. Plona, kreiva, sausa š. Medžių šåkos linksta. Voverė šokinėja nuo ~õs ant ~õs.
Rūtų ~ģlė. Apgenėk obelies ~elźs, ~utźs. Kerta šåką, ant kurios pats sėdi (flk.).
2. nupjautos išaugos liekana medyje ar lentoje: Oblių atšipinau į ~ās.
3. atskira linija, išsišakojimas: Upės, ežero š. Geležinkelio š. Virvė iš trijų ~‹ (iš trijų pluoštų).
4. dalis, skyrius, sritis: Mokslo š. Žemės ūkio š.
Main Entry: 1branch
Pronunciation: \ˈbranch\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French branche, from Late Latin branca paw
Date: 14th century
1 : a natural subdivision of a plant stem; especially : a secondary shoot or stem (as a bough) arising from a main
axis (as of a tree)
2 : something that extends from or enters into a main body or source: as a (1) : a stream that flows into another
usually larger stream : TRIBUTARY (2) Southern & Midland : CREEK 2 b : a side road or way c : a slender
projection (as the tine of an antler) d : a distinctive part of a mathematical curve e : a part of a computer program
executed as a result of a program decision
3 : a part of a complex body: as a : a division of a family descending from a particular ancestor b : an area of
knowledge that may be considered apart from related areas <pathology is a branch of medicine> c (1) : a
division of an organization (2) : a separate but dependent part of a central organization <the neighborhood
branch of the city library> d : a language group less inclusive than a family <the Germanic branch of the IndoEuropean language family>
— branched \ˈbrancht\ adjective
— branch·less \ˈbranch-ləs\ adjective
— branchy \ˈbran-chē\ adjective
šón|as (1)
1. viena iš dviejų daikto pusių, esančių tarp priekio ir užpakalio: Spintos š. Trapecijos š.
2. vieta, esanti tarp priekio ir užpakalio: Šukuoja plaukus į ~ą. Iš ~ų spaudžia.
193
3. pusė, paviršius: Katras gerasis š. (audeklo)?
4. dešinė ar kairė liemens, kūno pusė: Dešinį ~ą skauda, diegia. Jis sėdėjo ~u į mane. Gulėti ant ~o. Vartytis nuo
~o ant ~o.
5. šnek. šalis, kraštas: Jų ~e nebuvau. Debesys anuo ~u nuėjo. Iš katro ~o šunys loja?
… Po ~u (visai netoli). ~ais leisti (labai juoktis). ~us skalbti (mušti)
Main Entry: 1side
Pronunciation: \ˈsīd\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English sīde; akin to Old High German sīta side, Old English sīd ample,
wide
Date: before 12th century
1 a : the right or left part of the wall or trunk of the body <a pain in the side> b (1) : one of the halves of the
animal body on either side of the median plane (2) : a cut of meat including that about the ribs of one half of the
body —used chiefly of smoked pork products c : one longitudinal half of a hide
2 : a place, space, or direction with respect to a center or to a line of division (as of an aisle, river, or street)
3 a : one of the longer bounding surfaces or lines of an object especially contrasted with the ends <the side of a
barn> b : a line or surface forming a border or face of an object <a die has six sides> <the back side of the
moon> c : either surface of a thin object <one side of a record> <right side of the cloth> d : a bounding line of a
geometric figure <side of a triangle>
4 a : the space beside one <stood by my side> b : an area next to something —usually used in combination <a
poolside interview>
5 : a slope (as of a hill) considered as opposed to another slope <the far side of the hill>
6 a : the attitude or activity of one person or group with respect to another : PART <there was no malice on my
side> b : a position that is opposite to or contrasted with another <two sides to every question> <came down on
the side of law and order> c : a body of partisans or contestants <victory for neither side> d : TEAM 4a <11
players on each side>; also : the players on a baseball team batting in an inning <struck out the side>
7 : a line of descent traced through one's parent <grandfather on his mother's side>
8 : an aspect or part of something contrasted with some other real or implied aspect or part <the better side of his
nature> <the sales side of the business> <the seasoning is a bit on the heavy side>
9 British : sideways spin imparted to a billiard or snooker ball
10 : a sheet containing the lines and cues for a single theatrical role
11 : a recording of music
12 : a side order or dish <a side of fries>
— on the side 1 : in addition to the main portion
2 : in addition to a principal occupation
3 : secretly outside of one's marriage or romantic relationship <seeing another woman on the side>
— this side of : short of : ALMOST <an attitude just this side of scandalous>
šuõ, šu¹s v. (4)
1. gyvulys, laikomas namams saugoti, medžioklei ir kt.: Medžioklinis š. Š. sargas. Šun‹ ruja. Kambarinis
šuniłkas, šunģlis, šunōtis. Š. loja, amsi, kaukia, urzgia. Sutinka kaip š. su kate (iron. nesutinka). Tiko kaip šłniui
botagas (penkta koja) (iron. visai netiko). Ar ilgam šłniui dešra po kaklu (flk.).
2. zool. žvėris, artimas vilkui ir lapei (Canis): Usūrinis š. (Nyctereutes procyonoides).
3. b. prk.niek. piktas, nedoras žmogus: Eik tu šunie! Šłniui šuniškas galas.
4. prietaisas staklių velenui prilaikyti, kad nesisuktų.
™ Jūros š. (ruonis).
… Į šu¹s dienas išdėti (iškeikti, suniekinti). Šu¹s akis turi (begėdiškas, drąsus). Šłniui ant uodegos (niekais). Šu¹s
dainos (žiovulys). Šu¹s dienos (prastas gyvenimas). Šunķs karstyti (kaltę suversti). Šunķs karti (barti, peikti,
niekinti). Šunķs lodyti (bastytis be vietos, elgetauti). Šłnys nematę (tiek to, tesižino). Šłniui neparodė kelio (nieko
nedirbo, tinginiavo). Šuõ nunešė ant uodegos (dingo, žuvo, nepavyko). Šunķms šėko pjauti nuėjo (niekais virto).
Šu¹s uodega (pataikūnas). Šunķms uodegų mazgioti išėjo (apie vėjavaikį). Šu¹s vietoje laikyti (niekinti). Šłnys
žino (nežinia)!
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Main Entry: 1dog
Pronunciation: \ˈdȯg, ˈdäg\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English docga
Date: before 12th century
1 a : CANID; especially : a highly variable domestic mammal (Canis familiaris) closely related to the gray wolf b
: a male dog; also : a male usually carnivorous mammal
2 a : a worthless or contemptible person b : FELLOW, CHAP <a lazy dog> <you lucky dog>
3 a : any of various usually simple mechanical devices for holding, gripping, or fastening that consist of a spike,
bar, or hook b : ANDIRON
4 : uncharacteristic or affected stylishness or dignity <put on the dog>
5 capitalized : either of the constellations Canis Major or Canis Minor
6 plural : FEET
7 plural : RUIN <going to the dogs>
8 : one inferior of its kind <the movie was a dog>: as a : an investment not worth its price b : an undesirable
piece of merchandise
9 : an unattractive person; especially : an unattractive girl or woman
10 : HOT DOG 1
— dog·like \ˈdȯg-ˌlīk\ adjective
[DOG ILLUSTRATION]
šalķgatvis (1)
pagatvio takelis vaikščioti
Main Entry: side·walk
Pronunciation: \ˈsīd-ˌwȯk\
Function: noun
Date: 1739
: a usually paved walk for pedestrians at the side of a street
šaldytłvas (2)
žemos temperatūros įrenginys greitai gendantiems produktams laikyti
Main Entry: re·frig·er·a·tor
Pronunciation: \ri-ˈfri-jə-ˌrā-tər\
Function: noun
Date: 1611
: something that refrigerates; especially : a room or appliance for keeping food or other items cool
šćlmas (3)
1. apsauginis galvos apdangalas iš kietos medžiagos.
2. tam tikra lakūnų, tankistų kepurė.
3. bot. gaubto pavidalo vainiklapis
Main Entry: hel·met
Pronunciation: \ˈhel-mət\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French, diminutive of helme helmet, of Germanic origin; akin to Old
English helm helmet, Old High German helan to conceal — more at HELL
Date: 15th century
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1 : a covering or enclosing headpiece of ancient or medieval armor — see ARMOR ILLUSTRATION
2 : any of various protective head coverings usually made of a hard material to resist impact
3 : something resembling a helmet
— hel·met·ed \-mə-təd\ adjective
— hel·met·like \-mət-ˌlīk\ adjective
šónkaul|is (1)
krūtinės ląstos lankinis kaulas (costa): Arklys riebus – ~ių nematyti. Kad susigrūdo žmonių, net ~iai braška.
… ~ius suskaityti (primušti)
Main Entry: 1rib
Pronunciation: \ˈrib\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English ribb; akin to Old High German rippi rib, Old Church Slavic
rebro, and probably to Greek erephein to roof over
Date: before 12th century
1 a : any of the paired curved bony or partly cartilaginous rods that stiffen the walls of the body of most
vertebrates and protect the viscera b (1) : a cut of meat including a rib — see BEEF ILLUSTRATION (2) : a
boneless cut of meat (as beef or pork) from a rib section c [from the account of Eve's creation from Adam's rib in
Gen 2:21–22] : WIFE
2 : something resembling a rib in shape or function: as a (1) : a traverse member of the frame of a ship that runs
from keel to deck (2) : a light fore-and-aft member in an airplane's wing b : one of the stiff strips supporting an
umbrella's fabric c : one of the arches in Romanesque and Gothic vaulting meeting and crossing one another and
dividing the whole vaulted space into triangles
3 : an elongated ridge: as a (1) : a vein of an insect's wing (2) : one of the primary veins of a leaf b : one of the
ridges in a knitted or woven fabric
[RIB ILLUSTRATION]
tåk|as (4)
1. siauras pėsčiųjų kelelis: Siauras, vingiuotas t. ~ł eiti, Per girią ~‹ ~a¤ eina. Nevaikščiojami ~a¤ apželia.
Nemesk kelio dėl ~ģlio (flk.).
2. specialios paskirties ruožas kam judėti: Bėgimo t. Dviračių t. Baseino ~a¤. Lėktuvų kilimo, tūpimo ~a¤.
3. prk. veikimo kelias: Gyvenimo t.
4. siauras patiesalas: Grindys ~a¤s nutiestos.
5. tarpas tarp praskėstų pjūklo dantų: Reikia praplatinti pjūklo ~ą.
6. kanalas; vamzdis: Drenažu vadiname požeminius vandens ~łs, Kvėpavimo ~a¤.
… ~ą duoti (nusileisti, neprieštarauti). ~łs mindyti (nuolat lankyti)
Main Entry: 1path
Pronunciation: \ˈpath, ˈpäth\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural paths \ˈpathz, ˈpaths, ˈpäthz, ˈpäths\
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English pæth; akin to Old High German pfad path
Date: before 12th century
1 : a trodden way
2 : a track specially constructed for a particular use
3 a : COURSE, ROUTE b : a way of life, conduct, or thought
4 a : the continuous series of positions or configurations that can be assumed in any motion or process of change
by a moving or varying system b : a sequence of arcs in a network that can be traced continuously without
retracing any arc
5 : PATHWAY 2
tķgr|as, ~ė dkt. (2)
zool. didelis rainuotas plėšrūnas (Panthera tigris)
196
Main Entry: ti·ger
Pronunciation: \ˈtī-gər\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural tigers
Etymology: Middle English tigre, from Old English tiger & Anglo-French tigre, both from Latin tigris, from
Greek, probably of Iranian origin; akin to Avestan tighra- pointed; akin to Greek stizein to tattoo — more at
STICK
Date: before 12th century
1 plural also tiger a : a large Asian carnivorous mammal (Panthera tigris) of the cat family having a usually
tawny coat transversely striped with black b : any of several large wildcats (as the jaguar or cougar) c : a
domestic cat with striped pattern d Australian : TASMANIAN TIGER
2 a : a fierce, daring, or aggressive person or quality <aroused the tiger in him> <a tiger for work> b : one (as a
situation) that is formidable or impossible to control <how the tiger of inflation can be tamed — J. A.
Davenport> —often used in the phrases ride a tiger and have a tiger by the tail
3 British : a groom in livery
— ti·ger·ish \-g(ə-)rish\ adjective
— ti·ger·ish·ly adverb
— ti·ger·ish·ness noun
— ti·ger·like \-gər-ˌlīk\ adjective
[TIGER ILLUSTRATION]
taik|ā (4)
taikūs santykiai, padėtis, kai nėra karo, kivirčų: ~õs sutartis. Siekti ~õs. Išlaikyti, garantuoti ta¤ką. Gyventi ~ojź
Main Entry: 1peace
Pronunciation: \ˈpēs\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English pees, from Anglo-French pes, pees, from Latin pac-, pax; akin to Latin pacisci to
agree — more at PACT
Date: 12th century
1 : a state of tranquillity or quiet: as a : freedom from civil disturbance b : a state of security or order within a
community provided for by law or custom <a breach of the peace>
2 : freedom from disquieting or oppressive thoughts or emotions
3 : harmony in personal relations
4 a : a state or period of mutual concord between governments b : a pact or agreement to end hostilities between
those who have been at war or in a state of enmity
5 —used interjectionally to ask for silence or calm or as a greeting or farewell
— at peace : in a state of concord or tranquillity
tauka¤ dgs. (3)
gyvūnų riebalai: Žąsies, kiaulės t. Lydyti t. Graibyti tćukus. Žuvų, banginių t.
Main Entry: 2lard
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin lardum, laridum; perhaps akin to Greek larinos fat
Date: 14th century
: a soft white solid or semisolid fat obtained by rendering fatty pork
— lardy \ˈlär-dē\ adjective
tåšk|as (4)
1. apvali maža žymė ar kas nors panašu: Dūrio t. Rašalo t. Pirkau medžiagą su baltais ~a¤s. Paukščiai tolumoje
buvo matyti kaip maži ~ģliai.
2. spec. skyrybos, papildomas kai kurių raidžių, Morzės abėcėlės, natų rašybos, daugybos, trumpinimo ir kitoks
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sutartinis ženklas (.): T. yra neutralus sakiniams skirti vartojamas ženklas. Uždėk ~ą ant ė. Kodo t. Dėti ~ą.
3. mat., fiz. erdvės, plokštumos ar linijos vieta, neturinti matmenų; atkarpos riba: Susikirtimo (sankirtos), sąlyčio,
susidūrimo t. Sukimosi t. Atramos, jėgos veikimo, masių centro t.
4. tiksli vieta erdvėje, paviršiuje, vietovėje: Aukščiausias viršūnės t. Taikymosi, orientavimosi t. Regėjimo,
stebėjimo, stebimasis t. Žiūrėti į vieną ~ą. | prk.: Žiūrėti iš savo mokslinio ~o.
5. spec. ko nors vyksmo riba, virsmo akimirka: Rimties, pusiausvyros, kulminacijos t. Lydymosi, virimo,
užšalimo t. Soties t. Rasos t. Pradinis, galinis, posūkio t.
6. vertinimo matas: Rungtynės vyko t. į ~ą.
7. spec. iš(si)dėstymo vieta sistemoje, tinkle: Prekybos t. Ugnies, gynybos t. Apšvietimo, radijo t. Aktyvieji
organizmo ~a¤. Skausmo t.
8. šnek. laidinio radijo imtuvas.
9. skaitinis dydis, neturintis dimensijos.
… Į patį ~ą (į reikiamą vietą). Padėti ~ą (baigti reikalą). Sudėti ~łs ant i (knyg. nepalikti neaiškumų, paaiškinti
užuominas, patikslinti, akcentuoti). T. į ~ą (labai tiksliai)
Main Entry: 1dot
Pronunciation: \ˈdät\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English *dot, from Old English dott head of a boil; akin to Old High German tutta nipple
Date: 1674
1 : a small spot : SPECK
2 : a small round mark: as a (1) : a small point made with a pointed instrument <a dot on the chart marked the
ship's position> (2) : a small round mark used in orthography or punctuation <put a dot over the i> b : a centered
point used as a multiplication sign (as in 6 · 5 = 30) c (1) : a point after a note or rest in music indicating
augmentation of the time value by one half (2) : a point over or under a note indicating that it is to be played
staccato
3 : a precise point especially in time <arrived at six on the dot>
4 : a short click or buzz forming a letter or part of a letter (as in the Morse code)
5 : a point used to separate components of an address on the Internet
teåtr|as (2)
1. vaidybos menas: Dramos, operos, muzikos t. ~o studija, dailė. ~o gyvenimas.
2. vaidybos meno įstaiga; jos pastatas: Einame šiandien į ~ą. Kino t.
3. prk. vieta, kur vyksta svarbūs įvykiai: Karo veiksmų t.
Main Entry: 1the·ater
Variant(s): or the·atre \ˈthē-ə-tər, ˈthēə-, oftenest in Southern ˈthē-ˌā- also thē-ˈā-\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English theatre, from Middle French, from Latin theatrum, from Greek theatron, from
theasthai to view, from thea act of seeing; akin to Greek thauma miracle
Date: 14th century
1 a : an outdoor structure for dramatic performances or spectacles in ancient Greece and Rome b : a building or
area for dramatic performances c : a building or area for showing motion pictures
2 : a place or sphere of enactment of usually significant events or action <the theater of public life>
3 a : a place rising by steps or gradations <a woody theater of stateliest view — John Milton> b : a room often
with rising tiers of seats for assemblies (as for lectures or surgical demonstrations)
4 a : dramatic literature : PLAYS b : dramatic representation as an art or profession : DRAMA
5 a : dramatic or theatrical quality or effectiveness b : SPECTACLE 1a c : entertainment in the form of a dramatic
or diverting situation or series of events <their public feud made for good theater>
6 : THEATER OF OPERATIONS
tźkstas (2)
1. rišlus kalbos darinys: Apsakymo, diktanto t.
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2. žodinė dalis, skiriant nuo piešinių, brėžinių ir kt.
3. muzikos kūrinio žodžiai
Main Entry: 1text
Pronunciation: \ˈtekst\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French tiste, texte, from Medieval Latin textus, from Latin, texture,
context, from texere to weave — more at TECHNICAL
Date: 14th century
1 a (1) : the original words and form of a written or printed work (2) : an edited or emended copy of an original
work b : a work containing such text
2 a : the main body of printed or written matter on a page b : the principal part of a book exclusive of front and
back matter c : the printed score of a musical composition
3 a (1) : a verse or passage of Scripture chosen especially for the subject of a sermon or for authoritative support
(as for a doctrine) (2) : a passage from an authoritative source providing an introduction or basis (as for a
speech) b : a source of information or authority
4 : THEME, TOPIC
5 a : the words of something (as a poem) set to music b : matter chiefly in the form of words or symbols that is
treated as data for processing by computerized equipment <a text message>
6 : a type suitable for printing running text
7 : TEXTBOOK
8 a : something (as a story or movie) considered as an object to be examined, explicated, or deconstructed b :
something likened to a text <the surfaces of daily life are texts to be explicated — Michiko Kakutani>
9 : FRAME OF REFERENCE 2 <updated to fit the women's lib text for consciousness raising — Judith Crist>
tešlā (4)
skystyje įmaišytų miltų masė: Skysta, tiršta t. Duonos t. Užmaišyti, minkyti tģšlą. T. rūgsta, kyla
Main Entry: dough
Pronunciation: \ˈdō\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English dogh, from Old English dāg; akin to Old High German teic dough, Latin fingere to
shape, Greek teichos wall
Date: before 12th century
1 : a mixture that consists essentially of flour or meal and a liquid (as milk or water) and is stiff enough to knead
or roll
2 : something resembling dough especially in consistency
3 : MONEY
4 : DOUGHBOY
— dough·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
triukšm|as (4)
labai smarkūs garsai, šauksmas, bildesys: Kas čia ~ą kelia? Baisus t. Daug ~o dėl nieko
Main Entry: 1noise
Pronunciation: \ˈnȯiz\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, disturbance, noise, from Latin nausea nausea
Date: 13th century
1 : loud, confused, or senseless shouting or outcry
2 a : SOUND; especially : one that lacks agreeable musical quality or is noticeably unpleasant b : any sound that
is undesired or interferes with one's hearing of something c : an unwanted signal or a disturbance (as static or a
variation of voltage) in an electronic device or instrument (as radio or television); broadly : a disturbance
interfering with the operation of a usually mechanical device or system d : electromagnetic radiation (as light or
radio waves) that is composed of several frequencies and that involves random changes in frequency or
199
amplitude e : irrelevant or meaningless data or output occurring along with desired information
3 : common talk : RUMOR; especially : SLANDER
4 : something that attracts attention <the play…will make little noise in the world — Brendan Gill>
5 : something spoken or uttered
6 : a style of rock music that is loud, often discordant, and usually uses electronic noise (as feedback)
— noise·less \-ləs\ adjective
— noise·less·ly adverb
triłš|is, ~ė dkt. (2)
zool. kailinis ir mėsinis auginamas ir laukinis graužikas (Oryctolagus)
Main Entry: 1rab·bit
Pronunciation: \ˈra-bət\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural rabbit or rabbits
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English rabet, probably from Middle French dial. (Walloon) robett, from obsolete or dial.
Dutch robbe, robbeken; probably akin to Middle Low German robbe seal, East Frisian rubben to scratch, rub —
more at RUB
Date: 14th century
1 : any of a family (Leporidae) of long-eared short-tailed lagomorph mammals with long hind legs: a : any of
various lagomorphs that are born furless, blind, and helpless, that are sometimes gregarious, and that include
especially the cottontails of the New World and a small Old World mammal (Oryctolagus cuniculus) that is the
source of various domestic breeds b : HARE
2 : the pelt of a rabbit
3 : WELSH RABBIT
4 a : a figure of a rabbit sped mechanically along the edge of a dog track as an object of pursuit b : a runner in a
long-distance race who sets a fast pace for the field in the first part of the race
— rab·bity \-bə-tē\ adjective
tu»g|us (2)
1. aikštė, kurioje prekiaujama, turgavietė: Arklius pastatė ~uje.
2. pats prekiavimas toje aikštėje: Didelis t. (daug prekiautojų). Važiuoti į ~ų. Gyvulių t. Nuo pirmo ~aus nebėk
(flk.).
3. šnek. triukšmas: Vaikai ~ų kelia
Main Entry: 1mar·ket
Pronunciation: \ˈmär-kət\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, probably from Continental GMC; akin to Old Saxon markat marketplace, Old High
German marcāt, both ultimately from Latin mercatus trade, marketplace, from mercari to trade, from merc-,
merx merchandise
Date: 12th century
1 a (1) : a meeting together of people for the purpose of trade by private purchase and sale and usually not by
auction (2) : the people assembled at such a meeting b (1) : a public place where a market is held; especially : a
place where provisions are sold at wholesale <a farmers' market> (2) : a retail establishment usually of a
specified kind <a fish market>
2 archaic : the act or an instance of buying and selling
3 : the rate or price offered for a commodity or security
4 a (1) : a geographic area of demand for commodities or services (2) : a specified category of potential buyers
<the youth market> b : the course of commercial activity by which the exchange of commodities is effected :
extent of demand <the market is dull> c (1) : an opportunity for selling <a good market for used cars> (2) : the
200
available supply of or potential demand for specified goods or services <the labor market> d : the area of
economic activity in which buyers and sellers come together and the forces of supply and demand affect prices
<producing goods for market rather than for consumption>
— in the market : in the position of being a potential buyer <in the market for a house>
— on the market : available for purchase; also : up for sale <put their house on the market>
turinżs (3b)
1. knygos, kalbos ar šiaip ko esmė, tema, pagrindinė prasmė: Knygos t. Dramos t. Mokymo t. ir metodai.
Uždavinio t.
2. antraščių sąrašas: Gale knygos pridėtas t.
3. mat. atimties veiksmo dydis, iš kurio atimama
Main Entry: 4con·tent
Pronunciation: \ˈkän-ˌtent\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin contentus, past participle of continēre to contain
Date: 15th century
1 a : something contained —usually used in plural <the jar's contents> <the drawer's contents> b : the topics or
matter treated in a written work <table of contents> c : the principal substance (as written matter, illustrations, or
music) offered by a World Wide Web site <Internet users have evolved an ethos of free content in the Internet —
Ben Gerson>
2 a : SUBSTANCE, GIST b : MEANING, SIGNIFICANCE c : the events, physical detail, and information in a work of
art — compare FORM 10b
3 a : the matter dealt with in a field of study b : a part, element, or complex of parts
4 : the amount of specified material contained : PROPORTION
tyl|ā (4)
nebuvimas garsų, triukšmo, tyluma, ramumas: T., nė mažiausio vėjelio. Kapų, miško t. ~õs valandėlė. Trikdyti
tżlą. T. gera byla (flk.)
Main Entry: 1si·lence
Pronunciation: \ˈsī-lən(t)s\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin silentium, from silent-, silens
Date: 13th century
1 : forbearance from speech or noise : MUTENESS —often used interjectionally
2 : absence of sound or noise : STILLNESS <in the silence of the night>
3 : absence of mention: a : OBLIVION, OBSCURITY b : SECRECY <weapons research was conducted in silence>
uodeg|ā (3a)
1. atsikišusi stuburo dalis; užpakalinė bet kurio gyvūno dalis: Vilko, katės, arklio u. Śodegą užriesti, vizginti.
Mosuoti śodega. Pempės, gaidžio u. Ir sekioja kaip u.
2. prk. kieno nors galas, atsikišusi dalis: Tinklo u. Adatos u. (įveriamasis galas). Kometos u. Raidės ~›lė (nosinė).
Jam penkiasdešimt metų su śodega (šnek. su viršum).
… Ant savo ~õs atsisėsti (pradėti savarankiškai gyventi). Į śodegą įkirpti (prilupti). Śodegą įkišti (įmerkti)
(įkliūti). Śodegą kelti (rengtis išvykti). Śodegą kraipyti (mėtyti, sukti, sukinti) (stengtis išsisukti iš keblios
padėties). Śodegą prikirpti (nubausti). Vilktis ~ojź (knyg. būti atsilikusiam)
Main Entry: 1tail
Pronunciation: \ˈtāl\
Function: noun
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Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English tægel; akin to Old High German zagal tail, Middle Irish dúal lock
of hair
Date: before 12th century
1 : the rear end or a process or prolongation of the rear end of the body of an animal
2 : something resembling an animal's tail in shape or position: as a : a luminous stream of particles, gases, or
ions extending from a comet especially in the antisolar direction b : the rear part of an airplane consisting usually
of horizontal and vertical stabilizing surfaces with attached control surfaces
3 : RETINUE
4 plural a : TAILCOAT b : full evening dress for men
5 a : BUTTOCKS, BUTT b usually vulgar : SEXUAL INTERCOURSE
6 : the back, last, lower, or inferior part of something
7 : TAILING 1 —usually used in plural
8 : the reverse of a coin —usually used in plural <tails, I win>
9 : one (as a detective) who follows or keeps watch on someone
10 : the blank space at the bottom of a page
11 : a location immediately or not far behind <had a posse on his tail>
— tailed \ˈtāld\ adjective
— tail·less \ˈtāl-ləs\ adjective
— tail·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
śod|as (3)
zool. mažas dvisparnių būrio vabzdys, kurio patelė čiulpia kraują: Paprastasis ś. (Culex pipiens). Pelkinis
ilgakojis ś. (Tipula paludosa). Paprastasis maliarinis ś. (Anopheles maculipennis). Miške ~a¤ gyvulius kanda.
Šimtas ~‹ kumelę papjauna (flk.).
… Nė ś. snapo neįkištų (labai tanku, tiršta; nėra vietos).
~a¤ dgs. (3) zool. kelios panašių vabzdžių šeimos: Tikrieji ~a¤ (Culicidae). Storakojai ~a¤ (Bibionidae). ~a¤
trūkliai (Chironomidae)
Main Entry: mos·qui·to
Pronunciation: \mə-ˈskē-(ˌ)tō\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural mos·qui·toes also mos·qui·tos
Etymology: Spanish, diminutive of mosca fly, from Latin musca — more at MIDGE
Date: circa 1583
: any of a family (Culicidae) of dipteran flies with females that have a set of slender organs in the proboscis
adapted to puncture the skin of animals and to suck their blood and that are in some cases vectors of serious
diseases
— mos·qui·to·ey \-ˈskē-tə-wē\ adjective
[MOSQUITO ILLUSTRATION]
ugn|ķs, ~iģs m. (4)
1. įkaitusios šviečiančios dujos, kylančios nuo degančio daikto, liepsna: Łgnį kurti, kurstyti, gesinti, įpūsti. Dėk
puodą ant ~iģs, tegu verda. Krosnyje u. dega, užgeso. Bijoti kaip ~iģs (labai). Dingo kaip į łgnį. Kaip ~yjź
sudegti (dingti). Šokti kaip iš ~iģs (smarkiai). Arklys kaip u. (karštas, smarkus). Mergaitė kaip u. nuraudo. Duok
man ~iģs (užsidegti).
2. gaisras: Łgnys aplinkui (per karą). ~imķ paleisti namus (sudeginti).
3. mūšis; šaudymo vieta; šaudymas: Stovėti pirmoje ~yjź (pirmose pozicijose). Tanki kulkosvaidžių u. Paleisti
łgnį. Nuslopinti priešo łgnį. Gauti ~iģs krikštą (pirmą kartą dalyvauti mūšyje).
4. žiburys: Jau laikas łgnį degti. Miesto łgnys.
5. prk. karštis, įkarštis: Meilės, keršto u.
6. tarm. egzema; uždegimas: Ant burnos u. pašoko. Koją pasidūrė, u. prisimetė.
… Į ugnį pilti alyvos (kurstyti aistras). Su ~imķ žaisti (lįsti į didelį pavojų, rizikuoti)
Main Entry: 1fire
Pronunciation: \ˈfi(-ə)r\
Function: noun
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Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English fȳr; akin to Old High German fiur fire, Greek pyr
Date: before 12th century
1 a (1) : the phenomenon of combustion manifested in light, flame, and heat (2) : one of the four elements of the
alchemists b (1) : burning passion : ARDOR (2) : liveliness of imagination : INSPIRATION
2 a : fuel in a state of combustion (as on a hearth) b British : a small gas or electric space heater
3 a : a destructive burning (as of a building) b (1) : death or torture by fire (2) : severe trial or ordeal
4 : BRILLIANCY, LUMINOSITY <the fire of a gem>
5 a : the firing of weapons (as firearms, artillery, or missiles) b : intense verbal attack or criticism c : a rapidly
delivered series (as of remarks)
— fire·less \-ləs\ adjective
— on fire 1 : being consumed by fire : AFLAME
2 : EAGER, BURNING
— under fire 1 : exposed to fire from an enemy's weapons
2 : under attack
uog|a (1)
vaisius su sėklomis ar kauliuku minkštime: Žemuogės ś. Rinkti, skinti, virti ~as. ~ų kekės. Mergelė kaip ~ģlė
Main Entry: 1ber·ry
Pronunciation: \ˈber-ē, ˈbe-rē\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural berries
Etymology: Middle English berye, from Old English berie; akin to Old High German beri berry
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a pulpy and usually edible fruit (as a strawberry, raspberry, or checkerberry) of small size irrespective of its
structure b : a simple fruit (as a grape, blueberry, tomato, or cucumber) with a pulpy or fleshy pericarp c : the
dry seed of some plants (as wheat)
2 : an egg of a fish or lobster
upė (2)
1. gamtinė tėkmė, tekanti išgraužta vaga: Srauni, plati, gili ł. Łpės tėkmė, vaga, žiotys. Upģlės vanduo. Ł.
išsiliejo iš krantų, patvino.
2. prk. didelė daugybė, srovė: Kraujo, ašarų ł.
Main Entry: riv·er
Pronunciation: \ˈri-vər\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English rivere, from Anglo-French, from Vulgar Latin *riparia, from Latin, feminine of
riparius riparian, from ripa bank, shore; perhaps akin to Greek ereipein to tear down
Date: 14th century
1 a : a natural stream of water of usually considerable volume b : WATERCOURSE
2 a : something resembling a river <a river of lava> b plural : large or overwhelming quantities <drank rivers of
coffee>
— up the river : to or in prison <was sent up the river>
1 urv|as (3)
1. požeminė ertmė: Lapės ł. Šeškas įlindo į ~ą. Pelės ~ģlis.
2. prk. tamsi vieta, lūšna: Gyvena tokiame ~ź
Main Entry: 1cave
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Pronunciation: \ˈkāv\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin cava, from cavus hollow; akin to Greek koilos
hollow, and probably to Greek kyein to be pregnant — more at CYME
Date: 13th century
1 : a natural underground chamber or series of chambers open to the surface
2 : a usually underground chamber for storage <a wine cave>; also : the articles stored there
uždavin|ys (34b)
1. užduotas, pavestas darbas: Atlikti visus łždavinius. Derlingumo kėlimas –žemdirbystės u.
2. klausimas, reikalingas atsakymo, dalykas, reikalingas sprendimo: Sunkiai išsprendžiamas u.
3. mat. užduotis pagal sąlygą rasti atsakymą, įrodymą, sprendinį: Skaičiavimo ~ia¤. Algebros, geometrijos u.
Main Entry: 1task
Pronunciation: \ˈtask\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English taske, from Middle French dial. (Picardy, Flanders) tasque, from Medieval Latin
tasca tax or service imposed by a feudal superior, alteration of *taxa, from taxare to tax
Date: 14th century
1 a : a usually assigned piece of work often to be finished within a certain time b : something hard or unpleasant
that has to be done c : DUTY, FUNCTION
2 : subjection to adverse criticism : REPRIMAND —used in the expressions to take, call, or bring to task
synonyms TASK, DUTY, JOB, CHORE, STINT, ASSIGNMENT mean a piece of work to be done. TASK implies work
imposed by a person in authority or an employer or by circumstance <charged with a variety of tasks>. DUTY
implies an obligation to perform or responsibility for performance <the duties of a lifeguard>. JOB applies to a
piece of work voluntarily performed; it may sometimes suggest difficulty or importance <the job of turning the
company around>. CHORE implies a minor routine activity necessary for maintaining a household or farm
<every child was assigned chores>. STINT implies a carefully allotted or measured quantity of assigned work or
service <a 2-month stint as a reporter>. ASSIGNMENT implies a definite limited task assigned by one in authority
<a reporter's assignment>.
vór|as (3)
1. zool. voragyvis, darantis tinklą, kuriuo gaudo mažus vabzdžius maistui: Naminis v. (Tegenaria domestica). V.
kryžiuotis (Araneus diadematus). Kambarys prilindo ~ģlių (~iłkų).
2. prk. žiaurus ir nepasotinamas žmogus
Main Entry: spi·der
Pronunciation: \ˈspī-dər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English spyder, alteration of spithre; akin to Old English spinnan to spin
Date: 15th century
1 : any of an order (Araneae syn. Araneida) of arachnids having the abdomen usually unsegmented and
constricted at the base, chelicerae modified into poison fangs, and two or more pairs of abdominal spinnerets for
spinning threads of silk for various uses (as in making cocoons for their eggs or webs to catch prey)
2 : a cast-iron frying pan originally made with short feet to stand among coals on the hearth
3 : any of various devices consisting of a frame or skeleton with radiating arms or members
— spi·der·ish \-də-rish\ adjective
— spi·der·like \-dər-ˌlīk\ adjective
våšk|as (4)
1. bičių korių medžiaga: ~o žvakė. ~ą lydyti. Geltonas kaip v.
2. panaši į ją techninė medžiaga: Grindų v.
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Main Entry: 1wax
Pronunciation: \ˈwaks\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English weax; akin to Old High German wahs wax, Lithuanian vaškas
Date: before 12th century
1 : a substance that is secreted by bees and is used by them for constructing the honeycomb, that is a dull yellow
solid plastic when warm, and that is composed of a mixture of esters, cerotic acid, and hydrocarbons —called
also beeswax
2 : any of various substances resembling the wax of bees: as a : any of numerous substances of plant or animal
origin that differ from fats in being less greasy, harder, and more brittle and in containing principally compounds
of high molecular weight (as fatty acids, alcohols, and saturated hydrocarbons) b : a solid substance (as ozokerite
or paraffin wax) of mineral origin consisting usually of hydrocarbons of high molecular weight c : a pliable or
liquid composition used especially in uniting surfaces, excluding air, making patterns or impressions, or
producing a polished surface
3 : something likened to wax as soft, impressionable, or readily molded
4 : a waxy secretion; especially : EARWAX
5 : a phonograph recording
— wax·like \ˈwaks-ˌlīk\ adjective
vķln|a ppr. dgs. (1)
apdarui gaminti vartojami minkšti kai kurių gyvulių plaukai: Avių v. Rudeninės ~os. Kirpti, karšti, kedenti, verpti
~as. Šienas kaip v. (minkštas, švelnus).
… Kaip šiltą ~ą (lengvai) įveikti
Main Entry: wool
Pronunciation: \ˈwu̇l\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English wolle, from Old English wull; akin to Old High German wolla wool, Latin vellus
fleece, lana wool
Date: before 12th century
1 : the soft wavy or curly usually thick undercoat of various hairy mammals and especially the sheep made up of
a matrix of keratin fibers and covered with minute scales
2 : a product of wool; especially : a woven fabric or garment of such fabric
3 a : a dense felted pubescence especially on a plant : TOMENTUM b : a filamentous mass —usually used in
combination — compare MINERAL WOOL, STEEL WOOL
våbal|as (3b)
zool. vabzdys kietais antsparniais: Vandens v. Miltinis ~›lis. Alksninis ~iłkas.
™ Kolorado v. (lapgraužių šeimos geltonai rusvas vabalas dryžuotais ir taškuotais antsparniais – bulvių
kenkėjas; Leptinotarsa decemlineata).
~a¤ dgs. (3b) zool. tokių vabzdžių būrys (Coleoptera): Plėšrieji ~a¤ (Adephaga)
Main Entry: 2bug
Function: noun
Etymology: origin unknown
Date: 1622
1 a : an insect or other creeping or crawling invertebrate (as a spider or centipede) b : any of several insects (as
the bedbug or cockroach) commonly considered obnoxious c : any of an order (Hemiptera and especially its
suborder Heteroptera) of insects that have sucking mouthparts, forewings thickened at the base, and incomplete
metamorphosis and are often economic pests —called also true bug
2 : an unexpected defect, fault, flaw, or imperfection <the software was full of bugs>
3 a : a germ or microorganism especially when causing disease b : an unspecified or nonspecific sickness
usually presumed due to a bug
4 : a sudden enthusiasm
5 : ENTHUSIAST <a camera bug>
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6 : a prominent person
7 : a crazy person
8 : a concealed listening device
9 [from its designation by an asterisk on race programs] : a weight allowance given apprentice jockeys
va¤k|as (4)
1. sūnus ar duktė savo tėvams: Jų ~a¤ ir ~‹ ~a¤ čia gyveno. Dvylikos ~‹ motina.
2. tarm. sūnus.
3. berniukas ar mergaitė: ~a¤ žaidžia kieme. ~ģlis, ~łtis, ~iłkas verkia. Išdykęs, išlepęs v. Nedrąsi v. Vestis ~ą už
rankos.
4. tarm. berniukas.
5. šnek. jauniklis (apie gyvulius, paukščius): ~łs perėti, vesti.
6. prk. žmogus, turintis kurios nors aplinkos ar kurio amžiaus bruožų: Praėjusio amžiaus v. Gamtos v. (gamtos
žmogus)
Main Entry: child
Pronunciation: \ˈchī(-ə)ld\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural chil·dren \ˈchil-drən, -dərn\
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English cild; akin to Gothic kilthei womb, and perhaps to Sanskrit jaṭhara
belly
Date: before 12th century
1 a : an unborn or recently born person b dialect : a female infant
2 a : a young person especially between infancy and youth b : a childlike or childish person c : a person not yet
of age
3usually childe \ˈchī(-ə)ld\ archaic : a youth of noble birth
4 a : a son or daughter of human parents b : DESCENDANT
5 : one strongly influenced by another or by a place or state of affairs
6 : PRODUCT, RESULT <barbed wire…is truly a child of the plains — W. P. Webb>
— child·less \ˈchī(-ə)l(d)-ləs\ adjective
— child·less·ness noun
— with child : PREGNANT
va¤s|ius (2)
1. iš vaismedžių ir vaiskrūmių žiedo išaugęs valgomas audinys: Žali ~iai. ~ių sultys. Geras v. ilgai noksta (flk.).
2. bot. iš gaubtasėklių žiedo išaugęs sėklas gaubiantis audinys: Dviskiltis, daugiaskiltis v. Jungtinis, sudėtinis v.
3. padarinys, rezultatas: Darbo ~iai.
4. biol. žmogaus gemalas nuo placentos susidarymo.
5. tarm. derėjimas: Šiemet obuolių nėra ~iaus
Main Entry: 1fruit
Pronunciation: \ˈfrüt\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French frut, fruit, from Latin fructus fruit, use, from frui to enjoy, have
the use of — more at BROOK
Date: 12th century
1 a : a product of plant growth (as grain, vegetables, or cotton) <the fruits of the field> b (1) : the usually edible
reproductive body of a seed plant; especially : one having a sweet pulp associated with the seed <the fruit of the
tree> (2) : a succulent plant part (as the petioles of a rhubarb plant) used chiefly in a dessert or sweet course c : a
dish, quantity, or diet of fruits <live on fruit> d : a product of fertilization in a plant with its modified envelopes
or appendages; specifically : the ripened ovary of a seed plant and its contents e : the flavor or aroma of fresh
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fruit in mature wine
2 : OFFSPRING, PROGENY
3 a : the state of bearing fruit <a tree in fruit> b : the effect or consequence of an action or operation : PRODUCT,
RESULT <the fruits of our labor>
4 usually disparaging : a male homosexual
— fruit·ed \ˈfrü-təd\ adjective
valan|dā (3b)
1. dvidešimt ketvirtoji paros dalis, 60 min. laiko tarpas: Vålandos bėga, slenka. Ateiti po ~dõs. Dirbame
aštuonias vålandas. Darbo, poilsio vålandos. Praėjo pusė ~dõs.
2. laiko momentas: Kuri dabar v.? Atsikėliau šeštą vålandą ryto.
3. tam tikras laiko tarpas: Po geros ~dõs atsikėlė. Palauk dar ~džiłkę. Pergyvenome daug sunkių ~d‹.
™ Akademinė v. (45 minutės).
… Paskutinė v. (mirtis). Vålandos suskaitytos (greit mirs)
Main Entry: hour
Pronunciation: \ˈau̇(-ə)r\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French ure, eure, from Late Latin & Latin; Late Latin hora canonical
hour, from Latin, hour of the day, from Greek hōra — more at YEAR
Date: 13th century
1 : a time or office for daily liturgical devotion; especially : CANONICAL HOUR
2 : the 24th part of a day : 60 minutes
3 a : the time of day reckoned in two 12-hour periods b plural : the time reckoned in one 24-hour period from
midnight to midnight using a 4-digit number of which the first two digits indicate the hour and the last two digits
indicate the minute <in the military 4:30 p.m. is called 1630 hours>
4 a : a customary or particular time <lunch hour> <in our hour of need>; also : MOMENT 1b <hero of the hour>
b plural : time of going to bed <keeps late hours>; also : time of working <banker's hours>
5 : an angular unit of right ascension equal to 15 degrees measured along the celestial equator
6 : the work done or distance traveled at normal rate in an hour <the city was two hours away>
7 a : a class session b : CREDIT HOUR, SEMESTER HOUR
— after hours : after the regular quitting or closing time
1 vćlt|is, ~ies m. (1)
nedidelis laivas, dažniausiai medinis: Žvejų v. Motorinė, irklinė, burinė v. ~elź irstytis
Main Entry: 1boat
Pronunciation: \ˈbōt\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English boot, from Old English bāt; akin to Old Norse beit boat
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a small vessel for travel on water b : SHIP
2 : a boat-shaped container, utensil, or device <a gravy boat> <a laboratory boat>
— boat·ful \-ˌfu̇l\ noun
— boat·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
— in the same boat : in the same situation or predicament
vand|uõ, ~e¹s v. (3a)
1. skaidrus, bespalvis upių, ežerų, jūrų skystis, vandenilio ir deguonies junginys (H2O); šio skysčio masė: Duok
~e¹s atsigerti. Lietaus, upės, šaltinio v. Tekantis, verdantis v. Mineralinis v. Gėlas v. Jūros, sūrus v. Kietas (su
kalkių priemaišomis), minkštas (be kalkių priemaišų) v. Švarus, drumstas v. Nuleidžiamasis, nutekamasis v.
Vćndenį semti, pilti, lieti, taškyti.
2. šio skysčio baseino paviršius: Keliauti vćndeniu. Aukštas (pakilęs) upėje v. Apsistoti prie ~e¹s. Plaukti po
207
vćndeniu.
3. šio skysčio srovė: Sunku plaukti prieš vćndenį.
… Kaip du ~e¹s lašai (visai panašūs). Kaip į vćndenį (be naudos; be pėdsakų). Kaip per vćndenį (smagiai,
greitai, pvz., eiti, lįsti)
Main Entry: 1wa·ter
Pronunciation: \ˈwȯ-tər, ˈwä-\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English wæter; akin to Old High German wazzar water, Greek hydōr,
Latin unda wave
Date: before 12th century
1 a : the liquid that descends from the clouds as rain, forms streams, lakes, and seas, and is a major constituent of
all living matter and that when pure is an odorless, tasteless, very slightly compressible liquid oxide of hydrogen
H2O which appears bluish in thick layers, freezes at 0° C and boils at 100° C, has a maximum density at 4° C
and a high specific heat, is feebly ionized to hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, and is a poor conductor of electricity
and a good solvent b : a natural mineral water —usually used in plural
2 : a particular quantity or body of water: as a (1) plural : the water occupying or flowing in a particular bed (2)
chiefly British : LAKE, POND b : a quantity or depth of water adequate for some purpose (as navigation) c plural
(1) : a band of seawater abutting on the land of a particular sovereignty and under the control of that sovereignty
(2) : the sea of a particular part of the earth d : WATER SUPPLY <threatened to turn off the water>
3 : travel or transportation on water <we went by water>
4 : the level of water at a particular state of the tide : TIDE
5 : liquid containing or resembling water: as a (1) : a pharmaceutical or cosmetic preparation made with water
(2) : a watery solution of a gaseous or readily volatile substance — compare AMMONIA WATER b archaic : a
distilled fluid (as an essence); especially : a distilled alcoholic liquor c : a watery fluid (as tears, urine, or sap)
formed or circulating in a living body d : AMNIOTIC FLUID; also : BAG OF WATERS
6 a : the degree of clarity and luster of a precious stone b : degree of excellence <a scholar of the first water>
7 : WATERCOLOR
8 a : stock not representing assets of the issuing company and not backed by earning power b : fictitious or
exaggerated asset entries that give a stock an unrealistic book value
— above water : out of difficulty
varl|ė (4)
1. zool. beuodegis varliagyvis ilgomis užpakalinėmis kojomis (Rana): Žalioji, arba kūdrinė, v. (R. esculenta).
Rudoji v. (R. temporaria). Va»lės kvarkia, kurkia, kvaksi. Gužutis gaudo ~źs. Šaltas kaip v. Šoka kaip v. prieš
dalgį.
2. arklio pado pleišto pavidalo tamprus raginis darinys.
3. b. juok. mažas vaikas: Dar visai v., o žiūrėk koks išdykęs
Main Entry: frog
Pronunciation: \ˈfrȯg, ˈfräg\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English frogge, from Old English frogga; akin to Old High German frosk frog; senses 2, 3,
5, 7, 8 unclearly derived & perhaps of distinct origin
Date: before 12th century
1 : any of various largely aquatic leaping anuran amphibians (as ranids) that have slender bodies with smooth
moist skin and strong long hind legs with webbed feet — compare TOAD
2 : the triangular elastic horny pad in the middle of the sole of the foot of a horse — see HOOF ILLUSTRATION
3 a : a loop attached to a belt to hold a weapon or tool b : an ornamental braiding for fastening the front of a
garment that consists of a button and a loop through which it passes
4 often capitalized usually offensive : FRENCHMAN
5 : a device permitting the wheels on one rail of a track to cross an intersecting rail
6 : a condition in the throat that produces hoarseness <had a frog in his throat>
7 : the nut of a violin bow
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8 : a small holder (as of metal, glass, or plastic) with perforations or spikes for holding flowers in place in a bowl
or vase
véidrod|is (1)
svidintas ar kaip nors apdorotas stiklas ar metalas vaizdui atspindėti: Šukuotis prieš ~į. Žiūrėti į ~į. Kišeninis
~›lis, ~łkas
Main Entry: 1mir·ror
Pronunciation: \ˈmir-ər, mi-rər\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English mirour, from Anglo-French mirur, from mirer to look at, from Latin mirari to
wonder at
Date: 13th century
1 : a polished or smooth surface (as of glass) that forms images by reflection
2 a : something that gives a true representation b : an exemplary model
— mir·rored \-(r)ə(r)d\ adjective
— mir·ror·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
vérg|as (3), ~ė (1),
ve»g|as (4), ~ė (2)
1. istor. pono nuosavybėje esantis, nelaisvas, beteisis žmogus: ~o darbas. ~‹ prekyba.
2. prk. kas neturi veikimo laisvės, vykdo kieno valią: Savo įgeidžių v.
Main Entry: 1slave
Pronunciation: \ˈslāv\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English sclave, from Anglo-French or Medieval Latin; Anglo-French esclave, from
Medieval Latin sclavus, from Sclavus Slavic; from the frequent enslavement of Slavs in central Europe during
the early Middle Ages
Date: 14th century
1 : a person held in servitude as the chattel of another
2 : one that is completely subservient to a dominating influence
3 : a device (as the printer of a computer) that is directly responsive to another
4 : DRUDGE, TOILER
— slave adjective
vienuõl|is, ~ė dkt. (2)
1. bažn. davęs įžadus tam tikros regulos bendruomenės narys: ~ių ordinas, įžadai, drabužiai.
2. prk. kas gyvena vienas, užsidaręs, atsiskyręs.
3. v. zool. pelėdgalvių šeimos drugys (Cucullia).
™ Verpikas v. (Lymantria monacha). Vėžys v. (Pagurus)
Main Entry: 1monk
Pronunciation: \ˈməŋk\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English munuc, from Late Latin monachus, from Late Greek monachos,
from Greek, adjective, single, from monos single, alone
Date: before 12th century
: a man who is a member of a religious order and lives in a monastery; also : FRIAR
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virv|ė (2)
iš linų, kanapių ar kt. pluošto nuvytas dirbinys: Kanapinė v. Nuvyti ~ę. Surišti kojas ~ź. Tempia karvę už ~ės. |
prk.: Toks v. (nutrūktgalvis)
Main Entry: 1rope
Pronunciation: \ˈrōp\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English rāp; akin to Old High German reif hoop
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a large stout cord of strands of fibers or wire twisted or braided together b : a long slender strip of material
used as rope <rawhide rope> c : a hangman's noose d : LARIAT
2 : a row or string consisting of things united by or as if by braiding, twining, or threading
3 plural : special or basic techniques or procedures <show him the ropes>
4 : LINE DRIVE
— rope·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
— on the ropes : in a defensive and often helpless position
virtłv|ė (2)
1. patalpa valgiui virti: Valgyklos v. Namelis iš trijų kambarių ir ~ės. Butas su bendra ~ź.
2. kar. vežimas su katilu valgiui virti
Main Entry: kitch·en
Pronunciation: \ki-chən\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English kichene, from Old English cycene, from Late Latin coquina, from Latin coquere to
cook — more at COOK
Date: before 12th century
1 : a place (as a room) with cooking facilities
2 : the personnel that prepares, cooks, and serves food
3 : CUISINE
von|iā (4)
1. indas maudytis; kambarėlis, kur įrengtas šis indas: Maudytis ~iojź. Vaiką prausti ~ģlėje.
2. maudymasis ir gydymasis tame inde: Purvo, garo, prakaito v. ~iās imti.
3. tech. indas kam nors apdoroti: Mirkymo, grūdinimo v. Ryškinimo ~ģlė.
4. prk. gydymasis, kuo nors grūdinimasis: Saulės võnios
Main Entry: bath·room
Pronunciation: \-rüm, -rum\
Function: noun
Date: 1780
1 : a room containing a bathtub or shower and usually a sink and toilet
2 : LAVATORY 2
vżn|as (2)
1. svaigusis gėrimas iš vaisių sulčių: Obuolių, serbentų, vynuogių v. ~o taurė, butelis, rūsys. Raudonas v. Stiprus
v.
2. žr. Pikas
Main Entry: 1wine
Pronunciation: \wīn\
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Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English win, from Old English wīn; akin to Old High German wīn wine; both ultimately
from Latin vinum wine, perhaps of non-IE origin; akin to the source of Greek oinos wine
Date: before 12th century
1 a : the alcoholic fermented juice of fresh grapes used as a beverage b : wine or a substitute used in Christian
communion services
2 : the alcoholic usually fermented juice of a plant product (as a fruit) used as a beverage <blackberry wine>
3 : something that invigorates or intoxicates
4 : a dark red
vėjas (1)
1. gulsčia oro srovė: Palankus, šoninis, priešinis v. Stiprus, smarkus, šaltas, švelnus v. ~o malūnas. Šiaurės v.
pučia. Dvelkia ~ģlis. Kyla v. Sunku eiti prieš ~ą. Eina kaip v. (smarkiai). Išleido grūdus per ~ą (nusiautė).
2. b. menk. vėjavaikis: Kokia tu v.!
™ ~ų rožė. (geogr. diagrama, vaizduojanti kurios nors vietos vėjo krypčių dažnumą).
… Keturiais ~ais išeiti (išnykti be naudos). Į visus keturis ~us paleisti (išvaryti). ~o botagas (brolis) (pliuškis).
~o duoti (barti). ~ai (švilpauja) galvoje (niekuo nesirūpina). ~ais eiti (niekais virsti). ~ais išeiti (niekais pavirsti).
~ą kelti (barti). ~ais leisti (eikvoti). ~ais išleisti (paleisti) (išeikvoti). ~ų padauža (lengvabūdis žmogus). ~o
pamušalas (nerimtas žmogus). ~ai švilpauja kišenėje (neturi pinigų). ~o papauška (papliauška, papūta,
patauška, paukštis, vaikas) (vėjavaikis). ~us gaudyti (vaikyti) (nerimtai elgtis). Visų ~ų pučiamas (be tvirto
nusistatymo)
Main Entry: 1wind
Pronunciation: \wind, archaic or poetic wīnd\
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English; akin to Old High German wint wind, Latin ventus, Greek aēnai
to blow, Sanskrit vāti it blows
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a natural movement of air of any velocity; especially : the earth's air or the gas surrounding a planet in
natural motion horizontally b : an artificially produced movement of air c : SOLAR WIND, STELLAR WIND
2 a : a destructive force or influence b : a force or agency that carries along or influences : TENDENCY, TREND
<withstood the winds of popular opinion — Felix Frankfurter>
3 a : BREATH 4a b : BREATH 2a c : the pit of the stomach : SOLAR PLEXUS
4 : gas generated in the stomach or the intestines <pass wind>
5 a : compressed air or gas b archaic : AIR
6 : something that is insubstantial: as a : mere talk : idle words b : NOTHING, NOTHINGNESS c : vain selfsatisfaction
7 a : air carrying a scent (as of a hunter or game) b : slight information especially about something secret :
INTIMATION <got wind of the plan>
8 a : musical wind instruments especially as distinguished from strings and percussion b plural : players of wind
instruments
9 a : a direction from which the wind may blow : a point of the compass; especially : one of the cardinal points b
: the direction from which the wind is blowing
— wind·less \-ləs\ adjective
— wind·less·ly adverb
— before the wind : in the same direction as the main force of the wind
— close to the wind : as nearly as possible against the main force of the wind
— have the wind of 1 : to be to windward of
2 : to be on the scent of
3 : to have a superior position to
— in the wind : about to happen : ASTIR, AFOOT <change is in the wind>
— near the wind 1 : close to the wind
2 : close to a point of danger : near the permissible limit
— off the wind : away from the direction from which the wind is blowing
— on the wind : toward the direction from which the wind is blowing
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— to the wind or to the winds : ASIDE, AWAY <threw caution to the wind>
— under the wind 1 : to leeward
2 : in a place protected from the wind : under the lee
vėliav|a (1)
audeklo gabalas, vartojamas kaip simbolis, žymuo, ženklas: Valstybės v. Tautinė, trispalvė v. Pulko v. Pakelti,
nuleisti ~ą. ~os plevėsuoja. Iškeltos ~os plakasi vėjyje. | prk.: Taikos v.
Main Entry: 2flag
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: probably akin to fag end of cloth — more at FAG END
Date: 1530
1 : a usually rectangular piece of fabric of distinctive design that is used as a symbol (as of a nation), as a
signaling device, or as a decoration
2 a : the tail of some dogs (as a setter or hound); also : the long hair fringing a dog's tail b : the tail of a deer
3 a : something used like a flag to signal or attract attention b : one of the cross strokes of a musical note less
than a quarter note in value
4 : something represented by a flag: as a : FLAGSHIP b : an admiral functioning in his office of command c :
NATIONALITY; especially : the nationality of registration of a ship or aircraft
zebras (2)
zool. dryžuotas Afrikos gyvūnas, panašus į arklį (Equus zebra)
Main Entry: ze·bra
Pronunciation: \ˈzē-brə, Canada & British also ˈze-\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural zebras
Etymology: Portuguese zebra, zebro wild ass, perhaps from Latin equiferus, kind of wild horse, from equus
horse + ferus wild — more at EQUINE, FIERCE
Date: 1600
1 plural also zebra : any of several fleet African mammals (Equus burchelli, E. grevyi, and E. zebra) related to
the horse but distinctively and conspicuously patterned in stripes of black or dark brown and white or buff
2 [from the shirts patterned in black-and-white stripes worn by football referees] : REFEREE 2
3 : ZEBRA CROSSING
— ze·brine \-ˌbrīn\ adjective or noun
zigzåg|as (2)
1. vingiuota, laužtinė linija, kripė, vingė: ~łs brėžti. Žaibai ~ais tvyksėjo.
2. prk. netiesi, vingiuota minčių, jausmų, poelgių kryptis, vingis
Main Entry: 1zig·zag
Pronunciation: \ˈzig-ˌzag\
Function: noun
Etymology: French
Date: 1712
: one of a series of short sharp turns, angles, or alterations in a course; also : something having the form or
character of such a series <a blouse with green zigzags> <endured the zigzags of policy — Richard Bernstein>
— zig·zag·gy \-ˌza-gē\ adjective
zonā, zņnos (2)
1. mat. rutulio paviršiaus juosta tarp dviejų lygiagrečių apskritimų.
2. geogr. juostos dalis su panašiomis gamtinėmis sąlygomis: Geografinė, gamtinė z. Miškų, stepių z.
3. tam tikras plotas, rajonas: Pasienio z. Nepavojinga, neutralioji z.
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Main Entry: 1zone
Pronunciation: \ˈzōn\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin zona belt, zone, from Greek zōnē; akin to
Lithuanian juosti to gird
Date: 15th century
1 a : any of five great divisions of the earth's surface with respect to latitude and temperature — compare FRIGID
ZONE, TEMPERATE ZONE, TORRID ZONE b : a portion of the surface of a sphere included between two parallel
planes
2 archaic : GIRDLE, BELT
3 a : an encircling anatomical structure b (1) : a subdivision of a biogeographic region that supports a similar
fauna and flora throughout its extent (2) : such a zone dominated by a particular life form c : a distinctive belt,
layer, or series of layers of earth materials (as rock)
4 : a region or area set off as distinct from surrounding or adjoining parts
5 : one of the sections of an area or territory created for a particular purpose: as a : a zoned section of a city b (1)
: any of the eight concentric bands of territory centered on a given postal shipment point designated as a distance
bracket for United States parcel post to which mail is charged at a single rate (2) : a distance within which the
same fare is charged by a common carrier c : an area on a field of play d : a stretch of roadway or a space in
which certain traffic regulations are in force
6 : ZONE DEFENSE
7 : a temporary state of heightened concentration experienced by a performing athlete that enables peak
performance <players in the zone>
zodiakas (2)
astr. ekliptikos juosta, kurioje yra 12 žvaigždynų
Main Entry: zo·di·ac
Pronunciation: \ˈzō-dē-ˌak\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin zodiacus, from Greek zōidiakos, from zōidiakos,
adjective, of carved figures, of the zodiac, from zōidion carved figure, sign of the zodiac, from diminutive of
zōion living being, figure; akin to Greek zōē life
Date: 14th century
1 a : an imaginary band in the heavens centered on the ecliptic that encompasses the apparent paths of all the
planets and is divided into 12 constellations or signs each taken for astrological purposes to extend 30 degrees of
longitude b : a figure representing the signs of the zodiac and their symbols
2 : a cyclic course <a zodiac of feasts and fasts — R. W. Emerson>
— zo·di·a·cal \zō-ˈdī-ə-kəl, zə-\ adjective
[ZODIAC TABLE]
žand|as (3)
apatinė šoninė veido ar snukio dalis: Nuo danties skaudėjimo ž. patinęs. ~a¤ išsipūtę (riebūs). Pasakė puse ~‹
(neaiškiai). Gauti į ~ą (per ~ą). Drožti, duoti, skelti, tėkšti, trenkti į ~ą (per ~ą)
Main Entry: 1cheek
Pronunciation: \ˈchēk\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English cheke, from Old English cēace; akin to Middle Low German kāke jawbone
Date: before 12th century
1 : the fleshy side of the face below the eye and above and to the side of the mouth; broadly : the lateral aspect
of the head
2 : something suggestive of the human cheek in position or form; especially : one of two laterally paired parts
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3 : insolent boldness and self-assurance
4 : BUTTOCK 1
synonyms see TEMERITY
— cheek·ful \-ˌfu̇l\ noun
įrank|is (1)
1. darbo priemonė (ppr. imama į rankas): Darbo, gamybos ~iai. Grąžtas, kaltas, kirvis, peilis yra ~iai. ~ių
cechas. Sporto ļ.
2. prk. priemonė kuriam nors tikslui pasiekti: Būti ~iu kieno rankose (neturėti valios ar galios)
Main Entry: 1tool
Pronunciation: \ˈtül\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English tōl; akin to Old English tawian to prepare for use — more at TAW
Date: before 12th century
1 a : a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task b (1) : the cutting or shaping part in a machine or
machine tool (2) : a machine for shaping metal : MACHINE TOOL
2 a : something (as an instrument or apparatus) used in performing an operation or necessary in the practice of a
vocation or profession <a scholar's books are his tools> b : an element of a computer program (as a graphics
application) that activates and controls a particular function <a drawing tool> c : a means to an end <a book's
cover can be a marketing tool> d often vulgar : PENIS
3 : one that is used or manipulated by another
4 plural : natural ability <has all the tools to be a great pitcher>
synonyms see IMPLEMENT
žemėlapis (1)
žemės (ar kitos planetos), krašto paviršiaus brėžinys: Pasaulio, Lietuvos ž. Mėnulio ž. Istorinis ž. Kalbinis ž.
Main Entry: 1map
Pronunciation: \ˈmap\
Function: noun
Etymology: Medieval Latin mappa, from Latin, napkin, towel
Date: 1527
1 a : a representation usually on a flat surface of the whole or a part of an area b : a representation of the celestial
sphere or a part of it
2 : something that represents with a clarity suggestive of a map <the Freudian map of the mind — Harold
Bloom>
3 : the arrangement of genes on a chromosome —called also genetic map
4 : FUNCTION 5a
— map·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
— all over the map : marked by a high degree of variation
— on the map : in a position of prominence or fame <had put the fledgling university on the map — Lon
Tinkle>
žol|ė (4)
1. augalas, kurio stiebas nesumedėjęs: ~›s stiebelis. Darželis priaugo ~i‹. Prasta ž. ilgai žydi (flk.).
2. kuop. tokie augalai: Pernykštė ž. Pašarinė ž. Ėdama ž. Takas užžėlė ~ź. Bristi per žõlę. Jau ž. sužaliavo.
Pripjauk karvei ~›s
Main Entry: 1grass
Pronunciation: \ˈgras\
Function: noun
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Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English gras, from Old English græs; akin to Old High German gras grass, Old English
grōwan to grow
Date: before 12th century
1 : herbage suitable or used for grazing animals
2 : any of a large family (Gramineae syn. Poaceae) of monocotyledonous mostly herbaceous plants with jointed
stems, slender sheathing leaves, and flowers borne in spikelets of bracts
3 : land (as a lawn or a turf racetrack) covered with growing grass <keep off the grass> <the horse had never
won on grass>
4 plural : leaves or plants of grass
5 : a state or place of retirement <put out to grass>
6 [short for grasshopper, rhyming slang for copper] slang British : a police informer
7 : electronic noise on a radarscope that takes the form of vertical lines resembling lawn grass
8 : MARIJUANA
— grass·less \-ləs\ adjective
— grass·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective
žarn|ā (3)
1. vamzdelio pavidalo virškinimo trakto dalis, prasidedanti nuo skrandžio: Plonoji, storoji ž. ~‹ uždegimas.
2. guminis vamzdis: Gaisrui gesinti ž. Leidžia vyną pro ~ģlę.
… Ž. žćrną ryja (labai norisi valgyti)
Main Entry: 1gut
Pronunciation: \ˈgət\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English guttas, plural; probably akin to Old English gēotan to pour
Date: before 12th century
1 a (1) : BOWELS, ENTRAILS —usually used in plural (2) : the basic visceral or emotional part of a person b :
ALIMENTARY CANAL; also : part of the alimentary canal and especially the intestine or stomach c : BELLY,
ABDOMEN d : CATGUT
2 plural : the inner essential parts <the guts of a car>
3 : a narrow passage; also : a narrow waterway or small creek
4 : the sac of silk taken from a silkworm ready to spin its cocoon and drawn out into a thread for use as a snell
5 plural : fortitude and stamina in coping with what alarms, repels, or discourages : COURAGE, PLUCK
6 : GUT COURSE
žąs|is, ~iģs m. (4)
zool. didelis laukinis ir naminis vandens paukštis (Anser): Pilkoji ž. (A. anser). ~ķs ganyti. Ž±sys žolę peša. ~iģs
(‹) taukai. Nuo jo kaip nuo ~iģs vanduo (greit pamiršta). | prk.: ~iģs oda (nuo šalčio spuogeliais pašiurpusi oda).
… ~elźs varinėti (eiti šlitiniuojant girtam)
Main Entry: 1goose
Pronunciation: \ˈgüs\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural geese \ˈgēs\
Etymology: Middle English gos, from Old English gōs; akin to Old High German gans goose, Latin anser,
Greek chēn
Date: before 12th century
1 a : any of numerous large waterfowl (family Anatidae) that are intermediate between the swans and ducks and
have long necks, feathered lores, and reticulate tarsi b : a female goose as distinguished from a gander
2 : SIMPLETON, DOLT
3 plural goos·es : a tailor's smoothing iron with a gooseneck handle
4 plural goos·es : a poke between the buttocks
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ļlanka (1)
1. geogr. į sausumą įsiterpusi vandenyno, jūros ar ežero dalis: Rygos ļ.
2. anat. įlinkimas (incisura): Nosinė (žandikaulio) ļ. (i. nasalis)
Main Entry: 6bay
Function: noun
Usage: often attributive
Etymology: Middle English baye, from Anglo-French bai, perhaps from baer to be wide open
Date: 14th century
1 : an inlet of the sea or other body of water usually smaller than a gulf
2 : a small body of water set off from the main body
3 : any of various terrestrial formations resembling a bay of the sea
ūsas ppr. dgs. (2)
1. vyrų plaukas ant viršutinės lūpos: Vyras su ~ais, ~ģliais, ~iłkais. ~ą riesti, sukti. Šypsotis pro ~łs.
2. gyvulių – ilgesnis plaukas ant viršutinės lūpos: Katės ~ai.
3. bot. ilga šliaužianti dauginimosi palaipa: Braškės dauginasi ~ais, ~ģliais.
… Į ~ą pūsti (miegoti). ~łs krimsti (būti susirūpinusiam). ~łs raityti (būti patenkintam, didžiuotis)
Main Entry: mus·tache
Variant(s): also mous·tache \ˈməs-ˌtash, (ˌ)mə-ˈstash\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle French moustache, from Old Italian mustaccio, from Middle Greek moustaki, diminutive of
Greek mystak-, mystax upper lip, mustache
Date: 1585
1 : the hair growing on the human upper lip; especially : such hair grown and often trimmed in a particular style
2 : hair or bristles about the mouth of a mammal
— mus·tached also mous·tached adjective
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