James Kubicek Mr. Kann HN US 1­ APUSH 16 January 2016 Crash Course 28 I.
Expansion A. Late 1800’s B. Asia C. Africa II.
New Imperialism A. Europeans who became American were empire builders 1. Displaced natives B. Americans displaced Mexicans C. Often tried to disprove american imperialism D. US made goods for china E. Some thought men desired imperialism for masculinity III.
Panama Canal A. Needed colonies so the navy could have a longer reach B. Flag day and pledge of allegiance gained popularity in the 1890’s IV.
Cuba A. It was close and pretty V.
Hawaii A. Massive amount of sugar was grown 1. In American plantations B. No tariffs were impacted C. Pearl harbor was founded VI.
Spanish American war A. Cubans were rebelling 1. 95,000 died of disease B. Yellow journalists went after Spain C. Officially went to war for economic reasons D. Cuba wasn’t for annexation E. USS Maine 1. Wasn’t Spanish sabotage F. Was a very successful war 1. Splendid Little War G. Fighting was only 4 months H. Roosevelt became an American hero I. The US eventually took the Philippines puerto rico and guam J. Annexed Hawaii K. Cuba and guantanamo bay opened VII.
China A. Guam and the philippines were a door to china B. The Philippines didn’t want US domination 1. War begun 2. Rape 3. Was killing C. The US invested in Railroads and schools D. Hawaii was made a state and Puerto Rico and the Philippines weren’t E. Many opposed imperialism because it would bring diversity F. Imperialism was really all about trade Crash Course 30 I.
WWI A. Was only in the war for 19 months B. 10 million died C. US wanted to be neutral II.
US involvement A. Many wanted to side with England B. The Lusitania 1. Sunk by german Subs 2. Had arms 3. Didn’t lead to war C. A telegram was was intercepted offering Mexico California if they helped Germany D. The US gave a lot of money and arms to the allied powers III.
Hemingway A. Was an ambulance driver B. Saw many dead people C. Lived in Paris IV.
US in the War A. Made the GOV much stronger B. Selective service act 1. Draft 2. 120K­5Mil soldiers C. Brought about regulations 1. Raised minimum wage D. Propaganda 1. Got the US to support the war 2. Made movies 3. Went to theaters and war E. Espionage act 1. No spies 2. No interfering with the draft 3. No anti war 4. No anti gov F. Not ok to shout fire in a crowded theater G. What it meant to be an American 1. 4rth of July H. 4 million workers went on strike I. Women saw new rights 1. 19th amendment J. Great Migration 1. Blacks started moving north to cities K. Versai peace conference 1. Wilson produced 14 points a) Were shot down Chapter 23 p.618­639 I.
“War Without Stint” p.618­621 A. African American Soldiers 1. 400,000 black soldiers were involved in the military a) Weren’t accepted in the marines 2. Only about 50,00 went to France a) Served in all black units (1) Led by white people 3. Most performed menial labor in the US B. General John Pershing 1. In 1918 US infantry troops were first available for battle 2. General John Pershing led the troops a) Had previously been chasing Pancho Villa 3. The American Expeditionary Force joined the allies C. Chateau­Thierry 1. The US soldiers were inexperienced in trench warfare when compared to the Europeans a) They did have experience though 2. The US served as a means to finally tip the scales and allow the allies to push back on the Germans 3. American forces at Chateau­Thierry helped to push back a large German Unit a) That had come within 50 miles of Paris D. Meuse­Argonne Offensive 1. In September a US force pushed the Germans back from the Argonne forest 2. Lasted for 7 weeks 3. The US pushed them almost to their border 4. His offensive used more ammo than all of the Civil War E. High Casualty Rates 1. New Technologies brought about large scale death toles a) Over 1 million dead for at least 5 nations 2. In Britain 1/3 of the men who were born between 1902­1905 died 3. Many more soldiers returned home with debilitating injuries II.
The War and American Society p.621­624 A. Financing the War 1. Spent 32 billion on the war a) Directly related to conflict 2. This was a lot considering the federal budget barely ever went over 1 billion dollars 3. The Government sold “Liberty Bonds” to the American people a) This sale alone made 23 billion dollars B. War Industries Board 1. Founded in 1917 a) Ment to rationalize the economy 2. Coordinated government purchases of necessary supplies 3. Was unsuccessful until Wilson put a wall street financier in charge C. Lessons of managed economy 1. Hoover rationed food supplies 2. Railroads were regulated and organized 3. Progress wasn’t that fast in some places D. Ludlow Massacre 1. A militia and strikebreakers attacked striking workers 2. Killed 39 workers a) 11 were children 3. Was only a precursor to the domestic violence to come E. “Great Migration” 1. Many blacks went from the mostly rural south to northern cities 2. Blacks wanted to go because of racism they faced in the south and the promise of northern work 3. This worked well because the north needed more laborers because of the massive amounts of people going to war F. Race Riots 1. Blacks who were already in large cities thought that these new arrivals would only lead to an increase in racism 2. New churches were built to accommodate black communities growing a) They also began to move into low quality homes 3. Eventually whites started to attack them a) Burning down houses in mobs III.
Search for Social Unity p.624­628 A. Women's Peace Party 1. There was large spread peace talk 2. The socialist party believed that the war was a fight between capitalist nations to determine who was the strongest 3. The Party had a small but vocal member population B. Maternal Opposition to War 1. Shared many of the same beliefs as the socialist party 2. Also argued that the “mother half of humanity” had a special voice C. CPI 1. The government worried about war opposition a) Even though it was a minority who believed in it 2. The government launched a large scale propaganda campaign a) Started by the Committee on Public Information 3. Distributed 75 million pieces of pro war propaganda D. Espionage Act 1. The CPI began cracking down on anti­government talk 2. Created harsh penalties for spying, sabotage, or obstruction of government 3. Empowered post offices to ban “seditious” material E. Sedition act 1. Expanded the power and meaning of the espionage act a) Much like the Sabotage act 2. Allowed law officials to persecute anyone who criticized the president or government 3. Limited free speech F. Repressing Dissent 1. Vigilante mobs were founded 2. One mob pulled a man from his bed and publicly whipped him 3. Others were hanged G. “100% Americanism: 1. Many victims were socialist and female pacifists a) Because of the anti war speech 2. The most frequent victims were Irish immigrants a) Because they used to have issues with the Jews and the English 3. “Loyalist” citizens policed immigrant communities and towns IV.
Search for a New World Order p.628­631 A. Wilson’s Idealistic Vision 1. He Presented his 14 points before congress 2. Had 8 specific recommendations for how to deal with the Ottoman empire and Austro Hungarian Empire a) These reflected his belief in self determination 3. Proposed a league of nations to implement the proper changes B. Lenin's Challenge 1. Lenin was the leader of the new Bolshevik government in Russia 2. Released his own statement that was very similar to the 14 points 3. Was seen as a competitor to Wilson a) Wilson, “The US should be looked to not Russia” C. Allied Intransigence 1. England and France were both still very upset about the war a) Considering they had massive losses 2. The British Prime Minister insisted that the German Kaiser should be taken captive and killed 3. Wanted compensation for the war D. The Big Four 1. There was a meeting with representatives of Italy, England , France , and the US 2. Wilson alone represented the US and hoped to dominate discussion 3. Wilson was advised to not enter negotiations until later a) He didn’t listen to this E. Wilson’s Retreat 1. Wilson was unable to dominate as he once thought 2. The British refused to even discuss free seas 3. Nationalism was a strong theme of this meeting a) Coupled with economic needs F. Reparations 1. Wilson opposed demanding compensation from Germany 2. Wilson was eventually beaten out by the other leaders 3. It was decided that Germany wouldn't need to pay 52 billion a) To cover civilian damages and military expenses G. League of Nations 1. Wilson was successful in the creation of a League of Nations 2. He believed with this addition the treaty turned into a success 3. Would oversee world affairs H. Wilsons Intransigence 1. Wilson presented the treaty of Versailles to congress a) “Dare we Reject it and break the heart of the world” 2. He refused to even consider a slight compromise 3. Was suffering from health problems a) Hardening arteries and a mild stroke I. Henry Cabot Lodge 1. The senate for the most part opposed the treaty a) Some opposed it on principle alone 2. Some opposed it and with the president week they saw it as an opportunity 3. Henry Cabot Lodge was a senator of MA who utterly hated Wilson a) Chairman of Foreign relations committee J. League Membership Rejection 1. Wilson recovered enough to resume his presidency a) But not really (1) He was half paralyzed (2) And didn’t have total mental control 2. Didn’t do much with his last 18 months as president 3. He called for utter rejection of the amended treaty V.
Society in Turmoil p.632­639 A. New Social Environment 1. Most Americans were still more concerned about domestic issues than international affairs 2. Many Americans tried to claim social advances as a result of the end of the war 3. Theses liberal reforms weren’t enacted as predicted a) Instead it was a time of further repression B. Postwar Recession 1. Inflation began to set in and the economy started to tank 2. Almost 5 million Americans lost their jobs a) Many farmers also lost their land b) Many businesses went bankrupt 3. All wage gains that had been seen during the war were wiped out C. Boston Police Strike 1. The boston police force struck 2. It was in response to wage cuts and layoffs 3. With no police crime skyrocketed a) Locals tried to patrol the streets but the national guard ended up being called in D. Steelworkers’ Strike Defeated 1. The largest strike in US history 2. 350,000 steelworkers were unemployed 3. The strike was long and violent 4. The strike eventually collapsed E. New Black Attitudes 1. Fighting in the war did nothing for black soldiers 2. This raised bitterness in the black community 3. Soldiers expected some sort of reward a) Like better jobs and wages F. Chicago Race Riots 1. Race relations were much worse a) Riots and violence intensified 2. Blacks marched into white neighborhoods and in response whites went into black neighborhoods and shot and stabbed people 3. For a week Chicago was in all out war a) 38 people died (1) 15 white (2) 23 black G. Marcus Garvey’s Black Nationalism 1. Encouraged acceptance of who you are 2. Encouraged taking pride in black heritage 3. United Negro Improvement Association a) UNIA b) Founded by Garvey c) Launched the creation of many black businesses H. Popular Antiradicalism 1. Many Americans desired to fight radicalism a) In response to several bombings 2. 100% Americanism a) Largely Protestant 3. Produced the “Red Scare” I. Palmer Raids 1. Were intended to capture large amounts of hidden dynamite and guns a) Only got 3 pistols and no dynamite 2. Most of the people who got arrested were released 3. All those who weren’t American were deported a) 500 people J. Sacco Vanzetti 1. 2 Italian immigrants 2. The Red Scare petered out 3. There was no hard evidence against them a) But both men were “Anarchists” b) The trial by Jury found them guilty