Lat ePal eoz oi c Subduct i on a " ndAccret i on i n Sout hern Chi l e UN by Fr a nc i s c o He m} The Coas t Ranges of souther n Chi l e are underl ai n f or the most part by a vari abl y met amorphosed s ubduct i on compl ex of l ate Pal eozoi c age. I n a contri but i on to I GCP 279, " Terranes i n Lati n Ameri ca, " the aut hor revi ews the deposi t i onal and met amor phi c devel opment of t hi s huge accret i onar y uni t devel oped i n the Gondwana cont i nental mar gi n. South t o north tr ansport of the accr eted mat eri al par al l el t o the conti nental mar gi n may pr ove to have been and are s pat i al l y rel at ed t o gol d-beari ng bodi es wi thi n the a n i mp or t an t t ect on i c pr o ces s i n t h e r e gi on . ( Ed . ) and nei ghbouri ng i sl ands. s chi s t s ( Zuec o ne, per s on a l commun i c at i on, 19 8 8) . Pr i mar y sedi mentar y st ructures ar e wel l pr es erved i n the mor e east erl y port i ons of the compl ex, i n par ti cul ar i n the Nahuel but , q Mount ai ns and the Chonos Ar chi pel ago. The turbi di te sequences i n the l att er di spl ay promi nent graded beddi ng, s edi ment ar y l ami nati on, and occasi onal gr ooved b as e st r u ct ur e s ( Fi g. 2) . Th i ck s an dy uni t s e xi s t at Pat r an ca The Chonos Archi pel ago i s al so character i zed by the Introducti on pr es e nce of wi d es pr e ad m6l a ng es . Tur bi d i t e se q uen ce s ar e di s r u pt e d t e ct oni ca l l y ( Fi g. 3 ) an d co nt ai n a f e w e xot i c A ma i n po r t i on of t h e Co as t Ran g es of Ch i l e, s o ut h of W S, cl ast s of meta-i gneous or i gi n up to sever al metres l ong i s under l ai n by i gneous and metamor phi c compl exes. The met amor phi c r ocks have been consi dered to be Pr ecambri an eastern l ow-gr ade ar eas . However, because s chi sts f ormed ( Rui z , 1 96 5 ) an d we r e r ep r es ent ed as s u ch i n t h e 1 : 5 , 0 00 , 00 0 ge ol ogi c a l map of So ut h Amer i ca ( Har r i n gt o n, 1 9 62 ) . How- ev er , du r i n g t h e l a t e 1 9 60 s a nd e ar l y 1 970 s , t h es e comp l ex es were s hown t o have conspi cuous met amor phi c and str uct ur al z oni n g ( Gon z hl e z- Bon or i no , 1 971 ; Gon zA l ez - Bon or mo a nd Agui r r e, 19 7 0) , as i n t he p ai r ed me t amor ph i c be l t s of Mi ya - shi ro (1961) . At the s ame ti me, r adi ometr i c dati ng of the compl exes f ai l ed to yi el d ages ol der than Carboni f er ous ( Muni za ga, 19 67 ; Mu n i za g a e t al . , 1 973 ; He r v & e t a l . , 1 97 4 ) . Uven though t he meani ng i n t erms of the geol ogi cal event s they repr esented was not abs ol utel y cl ear, both Rb-Sr whole rock i sochr ons and K-Ar dati ng on amphi bol es were i nt er - preted as ages of metamor phi sm, and l i tt l e coul d then be sai d about the age of the pr otol i th. The ass oci ated grani t oi ds wer e i ndi cated as Cret aceous i n t he 1 : 1 , 0 00 , 0 00 geo l o gi c al ma p of Chi l e ( An on, 19 6 0) , b ut r ad i omet r i c dat i n g ( Mu } oz- Cr i s t i , 1 96 4; Her v6 et al . , 1 976 a ) provi ded convi nci ng evi dence that t he gr ani t oi ds were al so empl aced duri ng the Carboni f er ous . These fi ndi ngs l ed to the convi cti on that very i mpor tant t ectoni c and pet rogeneti c processes had t aken pl ace dur i ng the l ate Pal eozoi e i n thi s conti nental mar gi n of Gondwana. Thi s paper pr esent s a synthesi s of l i thol ogi c, str uctur al , mi neral ogi c and chronol ogi cal dat a on t he metamorphi c compl exes and i nt er prets thei r mode of ori gi n and empl ace- ment wi t hi n the concept ual fr amewor k of pl ate tectoni cs. For descri pti ve purposes the ar ea wi l l be di vi ded f rom nor th t o south i nto the Pi chi l emu ar ea, t he Nahuel buta mountai ns, t h e Temu co -Ch i l o 6 ar ea , t he Ch on os Ar ch i pe l a go, t he Ma dr e d e Di o s Ar ch i pe l a go an d Cor di l l er a Dar wi n ( Fi g. 1 ) . Li thol ogy ( Gar r i do , 1 9 87 ) . A l }l an ges ar e we l l r ec o gni z e d on l y i n t he wi t h m6 l a nge s as a pr ot ol i t h ar e i n di s t i n gui s h ab l e f r om ot h er s chi s t s , m6 l an ges ma y h ave be en or i gi nal l y mor e abundant than pr esent l y recogni zed. Met a-basalt s are wi despread, most l y as gr eenschi st ,but al so gr e en s t on es wi t h pi l l ow s t r u ct u r e s ar e pr e s en t ( fi gs . I an d 4 ) . Ge och emi c al s t u di e s of t he s e met a- b as i t e s Oi er v 6, 19 7 7; Her v} et a l . , 19 7 6b; God oy , 1 9 79 , 1 9 80 , 1 9 86 ) i n di c at e t h at t hey have geochemi cal char act eri sti cs si mi l ar to those of m odern ocean floor basal ts. Met a-chert s are al so common, many bei ng i r on r i ch, wi t h Fe gr ad e s up t o 40% at t he Ma hu i l q ue de p os i t s ( 3 80 S) , c o n- t ai ni ng sever al mi l l i on t ons of ore. A pos si bl e envi ronment f or the deposi ti on of met a- cher t i s i ndi cated by the Madre de Di os out cr ops , wher e met al l i f er ous red cherts di rect l y overl i e pi l l ow basal t s and are overl ai n i n turn by radi ol ar i an r i ch g r e en ch er t s ( For s yt h e an d Mpo d oz i s , 1 9 79 ) . Geo che m- i str y of t he l att er and of t hos e ri bbon chert s i nt erbedded wi th the turbi di t e s equences at t he Chonos Ar chi pel ago ( Fi g . 5 ) a r e n ot i n comp at i bl e wi t h d ep os i t i on i n a r e gi on af fected by ocean ri dge hydr ot hermal proces ses. Li mest one and i t s met amor phi c equi val ents ar e ver y r ar e i n the compl ex, wi th the mai n outcr ops at t he northwest ern shor e of Lago General Car rer a, and at the Madre de Di os Ar c hi p el a go . Fo r s yt h e an d Mp od ozi s ( 1 98 3 ) c onc l u de d t h at the l att er wer e deposi t ed i n an oceani c i sl and f r ee fr om detr i tal conti nental i nf l uence. Pr obabl y the s ame envi r on- ment pr oduced the Lago Gener al Carrera marbl es, presentl y the si t e of i mportant Ph, Zn, Cu and Ag mi ner al i zat i on r el at ed to the i nt rus i on of Lat e Cretaceous pl ut ons i nto the met amor phi c compl ex. Ser pent i ni te bodi es metres t o sever al ki l omet res i n l ength The met amor phi c rocks of southern Chi l e ar e domi nant l y are common i n part s of t he compl ex, i n parti cul ar bet ween turbi di te sequences and t hei r metamor phi c equi val ents 38 an d W S. The y s eem t o h av e be en t ect on i c al l y emp l ac ed s chi st ) w hich constitute vast areas in the ( phyl l i t eand mica i nto the surroundi ng schi sts duri ng an ear l y st age of meta- west ernmost out cr ops , and have a character i s ti c spott ed mor phi sm. They contai n no rel i c si l i cate mi ner al s , but i n appearance, bl ack al bi tepor phyr obl as tsbei ng ver y abundant s ome of t hem podi f orm l ens es and vei nl ets of chromi te or i n them . Som e m ica schists are ri ch i n gr aphi ti c mat eri al , chromi t e + pyr roti te + pent l andi t e are f ound. The ul tr a- EPI SODES, Vol . 11 , No. 3 , Se pt embe r 1 98 8 183 maf i c i gneous r ock parentage i s al so cl e ar l y i n di c at ed by ba s t i t e s t r u ct ur e of t h e an t i g or i t e . Som e have brecci a str uctures that can be i nt er preted as m6 l an ge s ( Gan a an d Her v6 , 1 98 3 ) . Li mi t ed ma j or el emen t ch emi st r y d at a ( Oj e da, 1 97 6 ) i ndi cat e Al cont ami nati on by the host r ocks . Nb-Sm s tudi es on the Qui tr at ue s er penti ni te i ndi cate val ues characteri s ti c of de p l et ed h ar z bur g i t i c r ock s , whi ch ar e comp ar ab l e t o f l o or , at s pr e adi n g r i d ges ( He r v6 et al . , 1 9 76 b, Godo y, 19 86 ) , f rom i ntr aoceani c vol cani c ar e mat eri al , or fr om i sol ated o ce an i c i s l and s or gu yot s ( For s yt h e an d Mpod ozi s , 1 9 79 ) . Met al l i fer ous s edi ment s as wel l as mas si ve s ul phi des deposi ted over basal t i c mater i al i s a char act eri sti c of near- ri dge envi ronments . The extremel y l ong extensi on of t he c ompl e x a l on g t h e pr es e nt c oa s t of Sou t h Ame r i c a ( 250 0 km, s ee Fi g . I of Ramos , t h i s i s s u e ) a l l ows e n ough s pac e f or al l of these di ff er ent t ect oni c sett i ngs. Met amor phi s m 画圈围圈圈圈圈固 mant l e beneath acti ve mi d-ocean r i dges. Sul phi de pods and l ayer s, usual l y host ed by greenschi st , consti tut e vol umet - ri cal l y mi nor but wel l -di str i buted component of the meta- mor phi c compl ex. They are composed of pyr i te-pyrr ho- The met a-basi t es may have been deri ved f rom the ocean t i t e - s ph a l e r i t e - ch al c op yr i t e a ggr eg at e s ( Col l a o e t al . , 1 9 86) Met amor phi c gr ade v ar i es f r om ea s t t o we s t acr os s t h e be l t wi th mi nor mackonawi te, gal ena and borni te. but has some remarkabl v const ant f eatur es al ona i t. A 井1苦 er 口圃珊困口口 TURBI DI TE SEQUENCE SCHI STS, METABASI TES, ME TACHERTS, SERPENMNI TES 标 'O' Higgins PILLOW LAVAS PALEOZOI C GRANI TOI DS Rb-Sr AGE a 飞r / 66Sr I NI TI AL RATI O 圈圈圈圈圈 、 、 、 卜 火 尸 ,.1.j 淤 、 J A a o h u n . t o [ V i n s t a { AMPHIBOLITE FACI ES ROCKS 一 彬秘 狐一 + 只? _ LOX 酱 A日 o c C O ‘ N C E c P C o l I O N I ) 30 \ 。? -、 ・了‘ 忆.厂护 洲 卿了 . 。 1 留 材 洲瀚 戈 几》认 闷 Ch.长幻 7 嘿辨 91 1 V } , RAGO J / 1 .厂 . 弓1・1 〕 34 - 、夕、、- 1 娜沙式夕初 V ALPARAI SO- Z不 十 沪了 j T E MU C O 另 】1 I V_ 葵 I q U 6 ! J t、飞、 J了了 . 司0 VALDIVIA 冈 /I , 由 甲 -T1 1 T’r 沐- - 一 、 _ 黔 D es ol a ei & Island 0 } } 54 、 74 70 祀 一 一 74 、 N O 廿1 欢 兮 -: l i a l o n d e Ch 刀侧划 甘 J “ ・ 42 N 划 j I ; 矛r( l R 画画围圈圈 圈圈圈回画圈回 32 _ 一 哪 羚布 Figure 1: The metamorphic and plutonic complexes of the Andes south of 340S, showing Rb-Sr whole Car boni ferous gr ani toi d bel t i s the eas ter n l i mi t nor th of rock isochron dates. t o war d s i t , mo vi n g f r om l ow- g r a de bi ot i t e - be ar i n g gr e en - The l i t hol ogy of t he metamor phi c compl ex i ndi cates that i ts pr o t o l i t h wa s gen er at e d i n an o cea ni c en vi r onme nt . Th e ma i nl y t u r bi di t i c comp os i t i o n of t h e e a s t er nmos t out cr o p areas , suggest s that t hei r sour ce was a conti nent al margi n t hat provi ded abundant detri tal mat er i al t o the conti nent al s he l f , a n d pe r ha ps b ey on d. A de e p- s e a f an en v i r o nme nt was e nv i s age d b y God oy an d ot her s ( 19 8 4) f or t he t u r bi di t i c s eq uen ce of t he Chon os Ar chi pe l ag o, i n vi e w of i t s s edi - mentar y f aci es and the i nter bedded pel agi c r adi ol ari an c h er t s , wh i c h wou l d ha ve b ee n ge ne r at e d i n f an l ob es dur i n g i nacti ve per i ods . 184 EPI SODES, Vol . 11, No. 3, September 1988 38 * S, wi t h a s t r on g met amor phi c gr a di e nt i ncr ea s i ng schi st f aci es i n t he west, through conti nuous andal usi te and di sconti nuous s taurol i te zones, t o hi gh- grade si l l i mani te- co r di er i t e - ga r ne t gne i s s es . Th es e met amor phi c zo nes ar e devel oped i n t he t ur bi di te sequence rocks, and are devoi d of meta-basi t es acros s t he 20 km outcrop wi dth. So ut h of 3 8 0 S, t he l a t e Pal e oz oi c gr an i t oi ds ar e a bs ent , e xce pt f o r a s mal l ma s s i f i n t he Pa ng ui p ul l i - Ri ? i i h ue ar e a ( e as t of Val di vi a) , an d t he me t amo r ph i c compl e x i s i n t r u de d by t he Nor t h Pat ag oni an b at h ol i t h of Ju r a s s i c t o Cen ozo i c ag e, wi t h o nl y ver y n ar r ow ( 50 0 m or l e s s ) h or n f el s i c c on- tnet m irpol eq. Riotite and occasional andalusite are char- 鬓摹 Figure 2: Very low-grade meta-turbidites showing well-preserved bedding, Chonos Archipelago. Figure 4: Greenstone with well-preserved pillow act eri sti c, and st aur ol i te and s i l l i mani t e occur s por adi cal l y. At Cordi l l era Dar wi n, a st auroli te-kyani te zone i s devel oped near the contact wi th a Jurassi c pl uton. of Pichilemu。 A regi onal metamor phi c gr adi ent i ncr easi ng westwar ds i s i l e mu. Laws o ni t e h a s on l y be en r ec or de d f r om Ch i l o 6 I s l a nd ( S al i ot , 19 68 ) , whe r e i t i s ac compa ni e d n ot b y gl au co pha ne structure and geochemically similar to present da y ocean floor basalts. Punta de Lobos, 5 km south Si mi l ar mi neral assembl ages occur i n the northern sect i on where sporadi c abundant Na-amphi bol e occurs , as i n Pi ch- wel l d eve l o ped away f r om t h e i n f l u enc e of t h e gr an i t oi d s , both in the northern and southern secti ons. At the Chonos but by chl ori te and al bi te. South of t he Tai t ao Peni nsul a, Na-amphi bol e has been recor ded i n otherwi se t ypi cal Archi pel ago t here i s a conti nuous i ncrease i n the cr ystal - l i ni t y of i l l i t e f r om CR ( r el at i v e cr ys t al l i ni t y) 2 27 , i ndi ca - t i n g ve r y l ow- gr ade me t amor ph i c c on di t i on s ( Gar r i do, 1 98 7 ) , t o CR 11 8 , i mpl yi n g l ow- gr ad e met amor phi s m. Ded uce d t empe r at ur es va r y f r om a mi ni umum of 20 0 'C t o a maxi - mum of 400 0 C. The we s t er nmo s t ar e a s a r e t y pi c al gr e en - gr e en s ch i s t f ac i es as s emb l a ge s ( Fo r s yt h e an d Mpo doz i s , 1 97 9 ) . Hi gh er gr a de r o ck s c ont ai n i n g omph ac i t e a r e f ou n d excl usi vel y as l oos e boul ders i n spati al ass oci at i on wi th a s er pe nt i n i t e bo d y a t Los Pabi l os ( 400 S, Kat o, 19 8 5) , pr o ba bl y havi ng been tect oni cal l y br ought to hi gher l evel s al ong wi th the ul tr amafi c body. , the r ocks of t he west ern par ts of t he metamor phi c 一 meta-basi tes: al bi te-epi dote-chl or i t e-acti nol i te Thus compl ex cont ai n greenschi st f aci es ass embl ages wi th some sphene( 士Na amphi bol es ), i nd i ca t i o ns o f h i gh er pr es s u r e mi ne r a l s . Kat o M i d) ha s 一 mi ca schi st s: quartz-al bi t e-chl or i te-muscovi te pr e s en t e d ev i de n ce t hat a f or me r hi gh gr e en s c hi s t - l ower tourmal i ne, amphi boli te ass embl age was present i n thes e rocks near 一 met a-cherts : quart z -s ti l pnom el ane-magnet i te Val di vi a. The sphal er i te -ch al copyr i te geot hermometer ( 1 Na- amphi bo l e) . s uggest s pr ess ures of 6.5 1 2. 5 Kb f or the met amor phi sm of schi st faci es r ocks wi th the f ol l owi ng mi neral ass oci ati ons: mas s i v e s ul ph i d es i n gr ee ns c hi s t s n ear Co nce pc i 6n ( Col l a o et al . , 1986) . 翼 翼 Structure The st ruc tur e of t he compl ex i s wel l di s pl ayed i n the Nahuel but a Mountai ns and the Ur i onos 八r cni pei ago k ri g. u ). I n the f ormer area, t he eastern part of the secti on has t he 一F ia ure 5: Ra di ola ri a- bea ri nq ri bb on ch er ts at 一 Ch, 37araup。 工sland . Chonos ArchiDelaao . have aeo- Figure 3: M41ange at Teresa Island in the Chonos 一 Archipelaqc. } siliceous sediments near modern mid-ocean ridges. chemical characteristics similar to metalliferous EPI SODES, Vol . 11, No. 3, Sept ember 1988 185 ge ne r al s h a pe of a s y nf o r m wi t h gr a ni t oi d s l o cat ed i n i t s ce nt r e . Pr i mar y s t r uc t ur es ar e pr e s er v e d i n t h e l o we r gr ade p ar t s of t he s er i es , whi ch ar e par t i c ul a r l y we l l e xp os e d i n ch er t s h av e yi e l de d La t e Car bo ni f er o us t o Per mi a n a ges the Lar aquete ar ea. youngi ng of the deposi ts f rom north t o south. The st rata are f ol ded i nto compl i cated i nter fer ence As r ega r d s r a di ome t r i c d at i n g of t h e me t amor ph i c compl e x, Mu ni z a ga an d ot he r s ( 1 9 72 ) i nt er pr e t e d t he 27 0 - 342 Ma " l i mi t i n g r e f e r en ce i s och r o ns " a s t h e pr o ba bl e a ge of me t a- ( L i n g a n d F o r s y t h e , 1 9 8 7 ) a t Ma d r e d e Di o s a n d E a r l y P e r - mi an ages at n egaiada i slano W 4 。),supporting the i dea of a p at t er ns . An e ar l y Sl f o l i at i on as s o ci at e d wi t h u pr i ght f o l ds a nd a l at e r S2 f o l i a t i on d i p pi n g mo der at el y ea s t war ds ar e r ec og ni z e d. Th e gr an i t oi d s i n t r u ded du r i n g S2 t i me. Th i s f ol i at i o n de ve l o ps pr og r e s s i v el y t owa r d s t he we s t , maki ng i t d i f f i c ul t t o r ec og ni z e go, an d l ea vi n g Sl as r oot l es s i s oc l i n al mi nor f o l ds i n t h e mi c r o l i t h ons bo und ed b y S2 . Thi s i s t h e t yp i c al s t r uc t u r e of t h e c h ar a ct e r i s t i c s pot t ed mi ca s chi s t mo r ph i s m b et we en 34 0 an d 38 0 S. Fu r t he r da t i n g of t he s e r oc ks ha s pr odu ce d t he 26 Rb - Sr i s och r o n, 一( e r r o r - c hr o ns ) s ho wn i n Fi gu r e 1 , as we l l as n umer ous K- Ar mi n er a l age s . Al l the i sochrons : yi el d ages between 368 and 140 Ma f or the me t amor ph i c c omp l ex of t he Coa s t Ra nge s o ut h of 34 0 S. al l al ong the Coast Ranges . Th e a ge pa t t e r n emer gi ng f r om t h es e dat a i ndi cat es ol der At t he Chonos Archi pel ago, the str uct ure of t he compl ex i s ages for the easternmost r ocks i n any par ti cul ar east -west s ur pr i s i n gl y s i mi l ar i n i t s ov er al l pat t er n . The eas t er nmos t pr of i l e s o ut h of 34 乍.Ea s t of Pi c hi l emu , t he h i ghe r gr ade porti on i s char acter i zed by upri ght ti ght fol ds wi th a wel l si l l i mani te gnei s ses are 368 Ma ol d, t he anda l usi t e -st aur oli te SCHEMATI C GENERALI ZED CROSS SECTI ONS W 旧00 1 2001 6C洲二 十 十 十 +下 宁+宁+粉 斗++++ __ T乏之洛沃 “+ 十 _'丫 71 公结入 - A,' 、\" 宁 宁 + + + J 代 飞「 . ,、 、 十 : . C } U 60 1200 1800 十 十 + 十 + + 小 + + 十 + + 十 + + 3. 0用 , + :.价 :乒 隆 / I十+ 十 十、多/尹 1 . 1 - - } '子 一,、 J笼子矛 NAHUELBUTA 栩OUNTAI NS 圈口图酬图皿 回 手 矿 EASTERN BELT W ESTERN BELT TERTIARY ANDQUATERNARY WB FI ORDO SE RRANO F OO RD O W AL KE R iSL A SA LA S - I . . E B . A I Q U E r s N E s S ' l CANALCNA CAUUCC GRANI TOI DS SiLLI MANITE GNEI SS METAGRAYWACKEA NDP HYLUTE SCHI STS AND METACHERT META8ASI TES MELANGES CHONOS ARCHI PELAGO DRILLI NG LOCATI ON 0 1 K . 卜---- ---‘....... Figure 6: Sections across the metamorphic com- plexes at Nahuelbuta Mountains (38* S) and C honos Archipelago (44o S)。 「八ULT 70NE rocks west of them have a concor dant 347 士 32 Ma meta- mor phi c age and the blueschi st s at Pi chi l emu 310 1 11 Ma. Be t ween Co nce pc i 6n an d Val di v i a, i s ochr on s r a nge be t we en 290 and 330 Ma f or rocks near the coas t. The younger nd m6 l an ge areas. A d ev el ope d S, axi a l - pl ane c l e av ag e,a l ow- di pp i n g S2 cr enul ati on cl eavage ( Fi g. 7 ) i s progres- owar ds t he wes t, where i t becomes the si vel y devel oped t pr ed omi n an t s t r uc t ur al f e at u r e. A bi g di f f er enc e be t wee n the two areas , however , i s that the bathol i th t o the east i s her e Mes ozoi c-Cenozoi c. Geochr onol ogy There ar e a few i ndi cati ons of t he age of deposi ti on of the p r ot o l i t h t o t h e met amor ph i c compl ex . At Lum aco. Tavera ( 19 83 ) des cr i be d t h e pr e s en ce of wor m tubes of Gor di a? sp and nter- sp. nov. which he i pr et ed as i ndi cati ng Si l uri an depos i ti on. Mi l l er and Sprech- man n ( 1 97 8 ) de s cr i b e d Dev on i an b r ac hi opo ds f r om coarse sandstones at I sl a Patr anca. Ap parent l y these w ere trans- ng t he por ted by turbi di t y current s to the deep ocean duri Pun t a Bui l l ( Ch i l o6 ) , Earl y Devoni an or Lat e Si l uri an. At Levi and other s (1966) r ecor ded f r om r ocks not i n pl ace t ri l obi tes, cr i noi ds, t etr acoral s and nauti l oi ds, whi ch woul d i ndi cate a Devoni an age. Fr om Ma dr e d e Di os , Do u gl as s an d Ne s t el l ( 1 97 6) des cr i be d a f us uli ni d as sembl age i n massi ve l i mestones, i ndi cat i ve of deposi ti on i n warm waters dur i ng the Per mi an. Radi ol ari an 186 EPI SODES, Vol . 1 1 , No . 3, Se pt emb er 1 98 8 Car b oni f er ous age s ar e t ho ug ht t o r e pr es e nt t he a ge wh en S2 wa s ge ne r at e d i n t he r ocks , an d pha s e of i ncr ea s ed c on ve r ge nce r at e o r of s e di me nt a r y i n put i nt o t he t r e nch . At t he Ch on os Ar chi pel ago , o l de r ag es al s o t en d t o be e nc ou nt er e d i n t h e e as t er nmo s t r ock s , i n whi c h Sl i s t he pr e domi n an t s t r uct u r e . Yo un ger ag e s of 1 4 0士40 Ma a nd 1 68 1 5 Ma ar e obt ai ne d i n mo r e we s t e r n r o ck s wher e S2 i s t he pr e domi na nt s t r u ct u r e. A c ompl et e r e s e t t i ng of t he Rb - Sr s y s t ems d ur i n g t he d eve l o pme nt Of S2 ap pea r s t o hav e t ak en pl a ce, a nd t hi s ag e pat t e r n i s s up por t e d by a f ew K-Ar whol e rock age determi nati ons . South of t he Tai tao Peni ns ul a, the few determi nati ons i nc l ude Lat e J ur a s s i c K- Ara ge s on gl au eo pha ne s c hi s t s ne ar Mad r e d e Di os . Cr e t ace ous mi n er al a ges an d Tr i a s s i c ( 2 35 1 37 Ma ) Rb - Sr i s oc hr on s at Cor di l l er a Dar wi n ( Her v6 e t a l . , 1 98 1 ) t end t o s u ppo r t t he s ou t hwa r d - you ng i n g pat t er n deduced f rom t he few pal eont ol ogi cal si tes. Thus, the met amo r ph i c c ompl ex v ar i e s bot h i n t he de po s i t i on al age of t h e pr ot o l i t h an d i n i t s me t amor p hi c a ge . The form er is rom the Chonos pr oba bl y De vo ni an or Si l ur i an ( or e ar l i er ? ) f Ar chi pe l ag o t o t h e nor t h , an d La t e Carboniferous and Per mi an s out h of the Tai t ao Peni nsul a. Th e appar ent east t o we s t y ou ngi ng of t h e met amor phi s m a l on g t h e be l t i s i n accor dance wi t h successi ve accreti on f rom the west, wi th upheaval of the r ocks af ter met amor phi sm. The 87 Sr / 86 Sr i ni t i a l r at i os of t h e r ocks i n t h e Pi c hi l e mu a r ea i n di c at e h i gh er v al ues ( 0 . 71 2 ) i n t he e as t er n met amor phosed turbi di t e sequence, i n agr eement wi th the i dea that the el asti c mater i al com es f r om a cont i nental s o ur ce i n t h e Sou t h Amer i ca n cr at on. Wes t e r l y r o cks , i ncl udi ng the pi l l ow basal ts and meta-chert s, have l ower va l u es ( 0. 7 06 ) , i nd i ca t i n g t he gr eat er i n f l u en ce of oc ea ni c materi al s. Sti l l l ower val ues ( 0.704-0.705) are obt ai ned fr om the meta-bas i tes and met a-pel i t es ass oci ated wi t h the mas s i ve s ul phi de s i n t he Temu co -Va l di v i a ar e a. As s umi n g no met as omati C Dr ocesses duri nz thei r metamor r )hi sm. and a 。,z sr/- z : ir vaiue ot u.iuzo ior tne upper m antie irom wni cn thes e rocks wer e deri ved, a maximum age for t he basal ti c pr otol i th woul d be around 400 Ma, that i s Si l uri an. Geol ogi cal Evol uti on The met amor phi c compl e x of t h e Co as t Ran ges of c en t r a l a nd s ou t he r n Ch i l e r ec or ds ge o l ogi c al pr o ce s s e s al on g t he s out h an d s ou t hwe s t e r n ma r gi n o f Gon dwan a dur i ng t h e l at e Pal eozoi c. Thi ck tur bi di te sequences accumul ated on the oc ean f l oo r ad j a ce nt t o t he con t i n ent , pr ob ab l y f r om as ea r l y a s t he S i l ur i a n bu t mai n l y, i t s e ems , d ur i ng t he De vo ni a n. Thes e t hi ck s e di men t ar y det r i t al s e que nc es of co nt i nen t a l or i gi n i n di c at e t he pr es e nc e of an e me r gi ng conti nent wi th acti ve er osi onal and sedi ment tr ansport pr oce s s e s t owa r d s t h e f r i n gi n g o cea n. The a bs e nc e of Si l uri an or Devoni an grani t oi d bel ts suggest s that subducti on pr ocesses were not ver y acti ve dur i ng these per i ods: a passi ve t ype of cont i nent al mar gi n may have exi sted here. f l o or ed mar gi n a l ba s i n , wh i ch al l owed Cr et a ceo us met a- mo r pb i s m t o t ak e p l ac e af f ec t i n g pr e vi o us l y met amor ph os e d rocks of the s ubducti on compl ex. The constr ucti ve phas e of the subduct i on compl ex i nvol ved t he gen er at i on of a wi de a r e a of a cc r et ed mat e r i a l , i nc l u di n g i s l an d ar cs a nd s edi me nt ar y de pos i t s of i n t er v e ni n g basi ns . Thi s i s a si tuati on si mi l ar t o t he pres ent day West - er n Pac i f i c mar gi n , wh er e c ompl i c at ed p at t er n s of i s l an d ar c s an d oc ea n r i d ge s c on t r a s t wi t h t h e s i mpl e l i n e ar vo l - cani c bel t of Sout h Ameri ca. The characteri sti cs of t he l at e Pal eozoi c envi ronment i n Chi l e coul d be descr i bed as t hos e of a Mar i an a -t y pe c ont i ne nt al ma r gi n du r i n g t he " c on - s t r uct i ve " pha s e of an accr et i on ar y p r i s m. The ch an ge o f regime to a destr uct i ve phase of the accr eti onar y pr i sm, ma r ke d by t he ge ne r at i on of t he S2 f ol i a t i o n a nd t h e i nt r us i on of t he gr a ni t oi d s , mi ght be t he r ec or d o f t he i n i t i at i on of a Chi l e an- t y pe r egi me f o r t h e co nt i n en t a l mar gi n i n t h e c l as s i f i c at i o n of Uye d a ( 1 9 82 ) . Af t e r t he d i ac hr on ous hi gh - PT met amor ph i s m, t h e me t a - mor phi c c ompl e x was r api dl y u pl i f t e d an d er ode d t o l ev e l s s i mi l ar t o t h e pr e s e nt ex po s ur es by La t e Tr i a s s i c t i mes i n t he n or t h a nd pr o bab l y by t he Ear l y Cr e t a ceo us i n t he s o ut h. K- Ar mi ne r a l age s ar e o nl y a l i t t l e y oun ge r t ha n t he Rb一r i s o chr on a ges , pr o ba bl y i n di c at i n g r api d u pl i f t j us t af t e r t h e ge ner at i on Of S2. The a ccr et i on was di s pl ac ed west wards so t hat al ong t he present coast l i ne no outcr ops of a Cen oz oi c a ccr et i on ar y compl e x exi s t . I f p r es ent , t he y a r e of fshor e, i n contr ast to t he si tuat i on i n Barbados and some i s l and ar cs of t he wes t Paci f i c where l at e Cenozoi c accre- t i ona r y pr i s ms ou t cr op . Mu ni z a ga an d ot her s ( i n pr e s s ) s u gg es t t h at t e ct oni c e r os i o n of t he c ont i n ent a l mar gi n i n t he no r t h er n par t of t he compl ex t oo k pl a ce f r om t he Me s o - zoi c to the Cenozoi c. Th e pe l agi c s e qu en ce was acc r et e d t o t he c ont i ne nt b ef or e the Earl y Carboni f er ous i n t he nor th and af ter the Ear l y Permi an i n the s out h, duri ng a const ructi ve phase of the ac cr et i o nar y pr i s m ( Da vi d s o n et a l . , 1 9 87 ) . M61 an ges dev el ope d bet we e n t e ct oni c we dg es of t ur b i di t e mat er i al . ncor por ated i nt o the Dur i n g t h i s ph as e , o ce ani c r ock s wer ei ent i ng ei ther a cc r et i on ar y pr i s m f r om t h e we s t , repres m ateri al g enerated at oceanic ridges or i sl and ar cs , or tectonic sl i ces of the ocean fl oor s uppor ti ng the turbi di t e s equence. Thes e oceani c r ocks wer e met amor phos ed i n the accr eti onary pri sm, and l ow i ni ti al Sr rat i os i ndi cate that the ti me of the extr usi on of pi l l ow basal ts was not much ear li er than thei r met amor phi sm. The east ernmost and pr oba bl y t hi c ke s t pa r t of t he ac cr et i o na r y s e qu en ce wa s af f ec t e d b y a l on g l o w-PT me t amor phi s m, be gi n ni n g i n t he north. I n the Late Car boni f erous, the tect oni c regi me changed dr amati cal l y i n the north, gi vi ng ri se to the devel opment of hi ghe r PT me t amor ph i s m an d hi gh s t r a i n d ur i ng t h e gen er - at i on of S2 . Th i s " d es t r uc t i v e p has e" on t he a ccr et i on ar y pr i sm may corres pond t o an i ncrease i n shear st rai n al ong t h e b as e of t h e ac cr e t i onar y pr i s m, a phe nomen on t ha t co ul d hav e be en e nh an ce d by a f as t er c onv er gen ce r at e , a r e duc ed s e di ment ar y i n p ut or a d ecr ea s e i n p or e pr es s ur e t h at resul t ed i n a st r ong mechani cal coupl i ng between the oceani c pl ate and the accr eti onary wedge. At thi s st age, the tectoni c condi t i ons l ed t o buri al of t he r ocks deep i n the l i t h os pber e, g i vi n g r i s e t o pr o ces s e s cu l mi n at i n g i n t h e gene r a t i o n of t he h u ge l at e Pal e oz oi c ma gmat i c be l t . Thi s b el t t ur ns wes t war d ar o un d 380 S , t r en di n g s o ut h ea s t war d s a l on g n or t h er n Pat a gon i a, t r a ci n g o ut t h e ol d co nt i ne nt a l m argin. The s ame process was acti ve i n the s outher n part on t he Cor di l l er a Darwi n wi th the generati on of an abort ed ocean- The me t amor ph i c compl e x of t he Co as t Ran ges of s ou t h - cent ral Chi l e probabl y ori gi nat ed by subducti on and accr e- ti on fr om west t o east , rel at ed to the consumpti on of a pr oto -Paci f i c Oceani c pl at e. However, l i tt l e i s known about t he l at er hi s t or y of d i s pl ac emen t o f t he s u b duct i o n c omp l ex once i t was i ncor porat ed t o the conti nental overr i di ng pl a t e . Re cen t pa l eoma gne t i c s t u di e s ar o un d t he Li qu i ie f - Of aui meL r afaul t ( Gar ci a. 1987) . whi ch extends to t he east of tne uoast i tange i ) etween ju ana 4a z } nave snown t nat 4uu t o 5 0 0 km of de xt r al s t r i k e- s l i p mo vemen t mi gh t hav e occur red al ong i t, di s pl aci ng the coast al metamor phi c com- pl ex nort hwar d. I t i s i nt eresti ng to poi nt out that at thi s l at i tude, rocks the c si mi l ar t o those outcr oppi ng oast al areas appear ous posi t i on La go Ge ne r a l Ca r r er a ( Fi g. 1 in a n anomal in ), c omp l ex af t er t he Per mi an , as i n di c at e d b y t he i n vo l veme nt of r o ck s of t h a t age i n t h e acc r et i o nar y wed ge, a nd per ha ps i nt o t he J ur as s i c, as i n di c at e d b y t he Rb 一r i s oc hr ons at t h e Cho no s Ar ch i pe l a go . A s pec i a l t e ct oni c s i t u at i on exi s t e d i n F igu re 7: Cre nul at io n cle av ag e ( S2) i n ba nd ed phyllite at Teresa Island, Chonos Archipelago. EPI SODES, Vol . 11, No. 3, September 1988 187 t he gener al or gani zati on of t he compl ex. Thi s mi ght, p er h a ps , b e t h e r e s ul t o f dou bl i ng t h e comp l ex b y o bl i q ue s l i ci ng and nor thwards tr ans por t of the western sl i ce al ong t he conti nent al mar gi n. However , t hi s i s one probl em to be r es o l v e d b ef o r e co nf i den t p al e og eo gr a phi c r ec ons t r u ct i on s f or the l ate Pal eozoi c f or the area can be pr oduced. Acknowl edgement s The resul ts pr esent ed here wer e made possi bl e by Grant E-2 45 7 of t he De par t amen t o de I nve s t i ga ci 6 n y Bi b l i ot e ca s of t he Uni versi ty of Chi l e, and 1332 of FONDECYT, as wel l as f i e l d and l ab or a t o r y wor k a nd di s c us s i on wi t h s e ve r a l co l l e agu e s i n c l u di n g Es t ani s l a o Godo y, Con s t a nt i no Mpodozi s, John Davi ds on, Robert Pankhur st , Maureen Brook, c i 6 n p a l eo z oi c o: Ar c h i pi 6l a g o de l o s Ch o no s , Ay s 6 n , Ch i l e . Act as I X Co n gr e s o Geol 6gi co Ar genti no, v. 4, p. 211 -232. GonzAlez-Bonor i no, F. , 1971. Met amor phi sm of the cr ystal l i ne bas ement of cent ral Chi l e. Journal of Pet rol ogy, no. 12/1, p. 149 -175. GonzAlez-Bonor i no, F. and Agui rr e, L. , 1970. Met amor phi c faci es seri es of th e cr yst al l ine bas ement of Chi l e. Geol ogi s che Runds chau, v. 59 , no. 3, p. 979-994. Har ri ngton, H. J. , 1962. 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