What?
Students not only need to develop their vocabulary comprehension, but also practice the
threading together of big ideas and concepts.
When?
How?
The On-Target game is an interactive review strategy that help students make connections
between big-ideas and concepts. (Economics in this example)
Why?
How To Play the On Target Game
Before class, run off sufficient amounts of the following materials:
Color-coded game pieces on card stock (cut out and assembled) - 1 set of the four
colors per team.
1 game board per team on card stock (Class set 10-15 copies)
1 set of the Question/Answer Cards on card stock per team - cut out. (Class set 10-15
copies)
Divide students into fours.
Distribute 1 set of the game pieces and 1 game board to each team.
Explain to students that they are going to play a game where five correct answers will get them
to the middle of the circle.
Explain to students that all four players begin the game outside of the circle, in the corner.
(Where the words “Player #” appear)
Distribute one set of the question cards to each team with the questions and answers facedown.
Explain to students that Player 1 will go first.
Explain to students that Player 2 will draw the top card and ask the Level 1 question to Player
1.
If Player 1 answers the question correctly, then Player 1 is allowed to move his/her
game piece to the outer circle labeled with the number “1”.
If Player 1 answers the question incorrectly, Player 2 will provide the answer which
Player 1 now has to make into a sentence. (Example: “What act was passed in 1862 to
open up government lands in the west for settlement?” is the question that was
incorrectly answered. Therefore, Student 1 has to make the sentence up such as, “The
Homestead Act was passed in 1862 to open up government lands in the west for
settlement.”)
If there is a dispute such as a “close enough” answer, then the player with the card will
raise his/her hand for a judgement call by the teacher.
The question card will go to the bottom of the stack and regardless of the result, Player 1’s
turn ends and it is Player 2’s turn with Player 3 asking the question.
Once a student answers a Level 1 question correctly, he/she must answer a Level 2 question
correctly before moving his/her piece to the circle labeled “2”.
Play continues until a student reaches Level T and answers the question correctly.
Use this strategy during review sessions, especially when completing a unit of study.
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How To Play the On Target Game
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PLAYER 4
1
2
3
4
PLAYER 3
1
2
3
4
T
T
5
5
T
T
1
2
3
4
5
5
4
3
2
1
PLAYER 2
PLAYER 1
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How To Play the On Target Game
On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
15a
On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
15a
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Question
Answer
1
What railroad was the first to go from Iowa
to California?
2
How many miles long was the 1st
transcontinental railroad? (in miles)
1900 Miles Long
3
What event occurred during the
construction of the Transcontinental
Railroad?
The U.S. Civil War
4
What law funded and created the
Transcontinental Railroad?
Pacific Railroad Act
5
What was one of the greatest scandals
associated with the Transcontinental
Railroad called?
T
What was one economic impact of the
Transcontinental Railroad?
Transcontinental Railroad or
Overland Route
Crédit Mobilier
1) Closed the frontier 2) Encouraged westward
expansion 3) Increased settlement of the Plains 4)
Connected the east and west coasts economically
Question
1
2
What act was passed in 1862 to open up
government lands in the west for
settlement?
Name one “land rush” that occurred
because of the Homestead Act of 1862.
Answer
The Homestead Act
Oklahoma Land Rush
3
Under the Homestead Act (1862), what was
the maximum amount of land that could be
claimed?
160 Acres
4
How many years would someone have to live
and improve the land before they could own
it outright?
5 Years
5
T
What group lost land because of the
Homestead Act of 1862?
What was one economic impact of the
Homestead Act (1862)?
Various American Indian tribes west of the Mississippi
River.
1) Encouraged settlement/farming on the plains 2)
Expansion of the Railroads 3) Encouraged movement
westward 4) Closed the frontier
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On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
15b
On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
15b
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Question
Answer
1
What does laissez-faire mean?
2
After 1877, during which era did the United
States see the most Laissez Fair policies?
The Gilded Age
3
During the Gilded Age, what was the
common name for Industrialists who were
allowed to create monopolies?
Robber Barons
4
Who was the best-known “trust buster”
5
During which era did the policy of LaissezFaire begin to decline?
Progressive Era
T
What is one advantage and one
disadvantage for laissez-faire economics.
Advantage - Market will self-correct / those with the
best products will flourish Disadvantage - encourages
monopolies / market crashes are more devastating
An economic system where the government does not
regulate private enterprises.
Theodore Roosevelt
Question
1
What act, passed by Congress, made it legal
for the federal government to investigate
and break up large trusts?
2
Another name for a trust is -
3
Who was the best-known “trust buster”
4
What act was passed by Congress to support
and strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?
5
What federal independent agency was
formed to enforce Anti-Trust laws?
T
What is one advantage and one
disadvantage of anti-trust legislation?
Answer
Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
Monopoly
Theodore Roosevelt
Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
Advantage lower prices / more investment for
research and development Disadvantage legislation
behind technology / costs taxpayers
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On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
15b
On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
15b
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Question
Answer
1
What act was passed in 1906 to regulate the
preparation of food and the sale of
medicines?
2
What other act was passed to regulate the
meat-packing industry?
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
3
What book had a huge influence on the
passage of the Meat Inspection Act and the
Pure Food and Drug Act?
The Jungle - Upton Sinclair
4
What agency was formed indirectly by the
passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act
(1906)?
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
5
What practice between doctors and patients
was enforced after the Pure Food and Drug
Act?
T
What was an advantage and a disadvantage
of the Pure Food and Drug Act?
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
Getting a prescription for medication
Advantage - More effective medications and more
confidence in the food sold to the public
Disadvantage - higher costs are passed on to buyers
Question
1
2
3
What act was passed by Congress in 1887 to
regulate railroad monopolies?
Precisely what was the Interstate Commerce
Act supposed to regulate?
What Supreme Court set up the ability for
Congress to regulate interstate commerce?
Answer
Interstate Commerce Act
The amount of money charged by railroad companies
to shipping goods from state to state
Gibbons v. Ogden
4
What group of people initialed most of the
legislation against railroads which would
lead to the regulation of prices?
5
Besides making sure that fair rates were
charged to their customers, what other step
did railroad have to take?
Post their prices publicly
T
What was an advantage and a disadvantage
of the Interstate Commerce Act (1887)?
Advantage - Regulation of rates could mean fairer
prices for shipping Disadvantage - The law
contradicted itself and turned out to be not effective
Farmers
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On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
15c
On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
15c
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Question
Answer
1
Which act prohibited free immigration from
China?
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
2
Which action by the federal government
during the late 1800s is an example of
nativism?
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
3
The Chinese Exclusion Act and the
Gentleman’s Agreement both were
influenced by the opposition to -
4
Large amounts of Chinese immigrants came
to California in response to -
5
Chinese immigrants also contributed to
building the -
T
How did the Chinese Exclusion Act affect
the United States economically?
Immigration (Nativism)
The California Gold Rush (1848-1855)
Transcontinental Railroad
The act triggered a Chinese boycott (refusal to buy)
on American goods. This boycott cut American exports
to China in half.
Question
1
2
3
4
5
T
Answer
The Open Door policy of 1899 was intended
to gain equal access to -
China
The Open Door Policy ended the European
policy of…
Spheres (Zones) of Influence
The Open Door Policy was mainly between
the United States and…
Which conflict allowed the United States a
position in the Chinese market?
What conflict did the United States become
involved in as a result of the Open Door
Policy?
How did the Open Door Policy affect the
United States economically?
European Powers (France, Germany, Britain, Italy, and
Russia) and Japan
Spanish American War
Boxer Rebellion (1900)
The United States was able to open new markets in
Asia.
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On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
15c
On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
15c
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Question
Answer
1
What policy, an effort of President Taft,
promoted U.S. investment in other nations
by providing them loans?
Dollar Diplomacy
2
Dollar Diplomacy focused mainly on nations
located in…
Latin America and East Asia
3
Dollar Diplomacy was heavily influenced by
Theodore Roosevelt’s…
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
4
Dollar Diplomacy was used to -
5
During the policy of Dollar Diplomacy, what
banking giant played a role in building a
railway in China?
T
How did Dollar Diplomacy affect the United
States economically?
keep European powers away from U.S. investments
and economic interests in other nations
J.P. Morgan
The United States was able to make financial gains
from other countries and/or established itself as a
global player in international trade
Question
1
2
3
4
5
T
Laws such as the Immigration Act of 1924,
the National Origins Act, and the Asian
Exclusion Act placed…
A major goal of the immigration acts of the
1920s was to…
The immigration acts of the 1920s were a
reaction to (or caused by)
Answer
Restrictions on immigration / Quotas
use quotas to limit the number of immigrants from
Southern and Eastern Europe, Africa, and Eastern Asia
Nativism / Red Scare / Recession
The Gentlemen’s Agreement, literacy tests,
and the quota system were all attempts by
Congress to restrict
Immigration restrictions in the 1920s did not
target immigrants coming from…
What was the economic impact of
immigration quotas on the United States?
Immigration
Northern and Western Europe, Latin America, or
Canada
None since by the time the laws cam into full effect,
the U.S. was entering into the Great Depression.
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On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
15d
On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
15d
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Question
Answer
1
What conflict occurred in 1898 over
interests in Cuba?
Spanish-American War
2
Name two direct causes of the SpanishAmerican War?
Yellow Journalism / Sinking of the Maine / Cuban
Independence / De Lôme Letter
3
Who gained national fame as one of the
leaders of the Rough Riders?
Theodore Roosevelt
4
What territories did the United States gain
as a result of the Spanish-American War?
5
What treaty officially ended the SpanishAmerican War?
T
What were the economic effects of the
Spanish American War on the United States?
1
2
3
4
5
T
Puerto Rico, Philippine Islands, and Guam
Treaty of Paris (1898)
The United States had become a global power with
territories around the world - The U.S. could now
establish new markets in East Asia
Question
Answer
What conflict in Europe lasted from
1914-1918?
World War I
When was the United States involved in
World War I?
Who was commanding the American
Expeditionary Forces (AEF) during World War
I?
What were the causes for the United States
entering World War I?
What name do we use in reference of
President Wilson’s terms of the surrender
for Germany?
What were the economic effects of World
War I on the United States?
1917-1918
General John J. Pershing
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare / Zimmerman
Telegram
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Because the war did not destroy U.S. industries,
industrial production increased and the U.S.
experienced an economic boom until 1929
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On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
15e
On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
15e
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Question
Answer
1
What is the Federal Reserve?
The central banking system of the United States
2
What was the Federal Reserve Act of 1913?
Created the Federal Reserve system and granted the
Federal Reserve the authority to issue Federal Reserve
notes (or dollars)
3
Why was the Federal Reserve Act of 1913
passed?
To help prevent financial panics and to allow for a
more flexible currency (to control inflation)
4
Which President of the United States signed
the Federal Reserve Act of 1913?
Woodrow Wilson
5
Why is the Federal Reserve Act considered a
Progressive reform?
It changed how the nation’s wealth was controlled.
(Took the control from large banks and corporations
and gave it to the federal government)
T
Name one overall effect of the Federal
Reserve Act of 1913?
Turned the U.S. dollar into an international currency
Gave the federal government more control over how
to respond to economic issues
Question
1
2
3
4
5
T
What is a gold standard?
What is fiat money?
Answer
The use of gold and silver as legal tender and/or
basing the dollar (paper money) exchangeable for a
certain amount of gold/silver.
The belief that a piece of paper, such as the U.S.
dollar, is valuable and is not backed by gold or silver.
Which President canceled the conversion of
the U.S. dollar for gold?
President Nixon
Why was the gold standard an issue during
the Great Depression?
The US was the only major nation on the gold
standard and was forced to raise interest rates to
protect the dollar, making the Depression worse.
Why did the U.S. move from the gold
standard to fiat money?
To respond to the US being behind on the gold
reserve, high unemployment, and higher inflation
rates in the early 1970s
What was the overall effect of the
movement to take the U.S. off of the gold
standard and onto fiat money?
Allows the Federal Reserve to quickly respond to
sudden changes in the international economy.
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On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
16a
On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
16a
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Question
Answer
1
Who made “return to normalcy” a campaign
promise?
2
What did “return to normalcy” mean?
To return the United States to pre-World War I
mentality (Bring stability back to the United States)
3
Besides the economic meaning of “return to
normalcy”, what other meaning did it have?
Staying out of foreign political issues (Isolationism)
4
Who benefitted from “return to normalcy”
policies?
Big business or
Isolationists
5
Who followed Harding’s policies after
Harding’s death in office in 1923?
Calvin Coolidge
T
How did President Harding’s philosophy of
“return to normalcy” cause growth and
prosperity during the 1920s?
Warren G. Harding
With less regulations, big businesses were able to
“create wealth” for the owners
Question
1
2
3
4
5
T
Answer
Who was the Secretary of the Treasury
under Harding and Coolidge?
What was Andrew Mellon’s background
before becoming Secretary of the Treasury
under Coolidge?
What was the Mellon Plan in the 1920s?
What type of taxing system did Secretary
Mellon favor?
What event led to Secretary Mellon
becoming unpopular?
How did reduced taxes cause growth and
prosperity during the 1920s?
Andrew Mellon
Banker and Financier
The plan to lower federal taxes so people would be
more willing to pay them
Progressive tax rate (The more you make, the higher
your tax on income is)
The Great Depression - The Cox Army Scandal
The public debt dropped - Transitioned the US from a
rural economy to an industrial one - Wealthy invested
their money into infrastructure projects
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On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
16a
On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
16b
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Question
Answer
1
Who developed the assembly line?
Henry Ford
2
What is an example of a production
efficiency?
3
What was an effect of Ford’s assembly line?
4
How did the assembly line affect the
entertainment industry?
5
How did more radios in households benefit
products?
T
How did increased production efficiencies
cause growth and prosperity during the
1920s?
Interchangeable Parts
Assembly Line
Factory
Less expensive cars
Boom of the automobile industry
More radios in households
More radios meant more advertising
More advertising would lead to more consumption on
the behalf of the consumer
The assembly line lead to mass-production which
allowed for lower prices for consumers.
Question
1
2
3
4
5
T
Answer
What is a tariff?
Tax on imported goods
Why would a nation pass a protective tariff
against imported goods from other nations?
What was the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
(1930)?
Why was the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
Passed?
Which administration put an end to high
tariffs on imports?
What was the role of high tariffs on world
trade a cause of the Great Depression?
To protect that nation’s industries from foreign
competition
It raised the tax on over 20,000 imported good to
record levels
To protect American jobs and farmers from foreign
competition
F. Roosevelt Administration
Other nations retaliated, raising the tariff on US
exports which led to the reduction of US exports by
half - deepening the effects of the Great Depression
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On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
16b
On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
16b
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Question
Answer
1
Who are speculators?
People who buy bigh-risk stocks in hopes of making a
profit
2
What does “buying on the margins” mean?
People who were buying shares (stock) in companies
without paying the full price
3
How did speculation affect the Stock Market
in the 1920s?
It made the value of stocks appear higher (more
valuable) than they actually were
4
How did the federal government respond to
speculation during the Great Depression?
Passing the Securities Exchange Act in 1934
Creating the Securities and Exchange Commission
5
What governmental department regulates
how stocks are bought and sold in the
United States?
T
How was stock market speculation a cause
of the Great Depression?
Securities and Exchange Commission
When speculators could not pay out what they had
lost, a massive sell-off occurred on the stock market
eventually leading to the crash in October
Question
Answer
1
What is the Federal Reserve?
The central banking system of the United States
2
Why was the Federal Reserve Act of 1913
passed?
To help prevent financial panics and to allow for a
more flexible currency (to control inflation)
3
How can the Federal Reserve influence the
U.S. economy?
4
What was the policy of the Department of
the Treasury at the beginning of the Great
Depression?
5
What is another name for the Federal
Reserve’s policy at the beginning of the
Great Depression?
T
How was the monetary policy of the Federal
Reserve a cause of the Great Depression?
By regulating the amount of currency that is in
circulation and setting the interest rates on loans
Let the economy correct itself or “Liquidate labor,
liquidate stocks, liquidate the farmers, liquidate real
estate.”
The Liquidation Theory (Policy)
Policies such as allowing large banks to fail caused
bank runs. The Federal Reserve did not issue
governmental bonds.
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On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
16b
On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
16c
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Question
Answer
1
What do you call when people rush to a
bank to get their money out before the bank
runs out?
2
What happens if people run on a bank
3
How were farmers affected by the
economics of the late 1920s?
Prices on their crops dropped while the interest rates
on their farm loans increased (They could not pay off
their debts)
4
How did the government under the New
Deal react to the failure of banks?
Bank Holiday
Creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
5
What does FDIC guarantee anyone who has
an account at a bank?
T
How did the failure of banks cause the
Great Depression?
Panic or Bank Run
It will run out of cash and be forced to close and
anyone who did not get their money loses it
The government will cover your account in case the
bank closes up to a certain amount
Many people lost their life savings when banks closed
People could not get loans
Question
1
2
3
4
5
T
Provide characteristics of an economic
depression
How did large amounts of unemployment
affect the United States?
Answer
High unemployment and no economic growth
Large amounts of people without jobs and places to
live
How did different charities help the
unemployed?
Soup Kitchens
Bread Lines
What other event occurred during the Great
Depression that worsened the conditions of
people?
What role did repatriation play during the
Great Depression?
What were the effects of the Great
Depression on the United States?
The Dust Bowl
Many immigrants from Europe and Mexico were
returned to their country of origin
High unemployment - High rates of homelessness Movement to the big cities - Repatriation of
immigrants
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On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
16d
On Target! Economic Changes in the U.S.
16d
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Question
Answer
1
What was the collective name of FDR’s
recovery programs?
2
Many of Roosevelt’s recovery programs were
also known as -
3
How did the Supreme Court view most of
the New Deal programs?
4
What were public works programs?
5
What were some of the benefits of the New
Deal programs?
Provided new opportunities for women and minorities
Provided work for millions of the unemployed.
T
How did the New Deal affect the economy
of the United States?
While more people were at work, the New Deal did
not have an overall impact on the economy due to
rises and falls in the industrial output
New Deal
ABC Programs
As being unconstitutional
Programs that helped to build things such as dams,
hospitals, schools, and bridges.
Question
1
2
3
4
5
T
How did Roosevelt react to his recovery
programs being declared unconstitutional?
What changes did Roosevelt propose to
change the Supreme Court?
What was the official name of the proposed
law by Roosevelt to add more justices to the
Supreme Court
What was another name for the Judicial
Procedures Reform Bill of 1937?
What happened to the Judicial Procedures
Reform Bill of 1937?
Overall, how did the Judicial Procedures
Reform Bill of 1937 affect President
Roosevelt?
Answer
He proposed a change to the Supreme Court
Add a new justice for every justice who did not retire
at the age of 70 - add more justices to the Supreme
Court (From 9 to 15)
Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937
Court Packing Bill
It was never brought to a vote - It “died” in
committee His popularity dropped - many were concerned he was
becoming too powerful as a President
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