• Study the assigned polyatomic ions!
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9.1
Naming Ions
A rose is rosa in Spanish,
warda in Arabic, and julab in
Hindi. To truly understand
another culture, you must
first learn the language used
in that culture. Similarly, to
understand chemistry, you
must learn its language. For
this you need to know how to
name ions.
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2. Identify the charges on monatomic ions by using the periodic table, and name the ions.
3. Identify common metal ions with more than one charge. 4. Define polyatomic ions and write the names and formulas of the most common polyatomic ions (phosphate, carbonate, sulfate, nitrate, chlorate, acetate, ammonium, and hydroxide). 5. Identify the two most common endings for the names of most polyatomic ions.
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• Monatomic ions
– consist of a single atom with a positive or negative charge
– Cations: group 1A, 2A, 3A
• form cations with positive charge = to their group # • do not change their names when they form ions
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9.1
Naming Ions
> Monatomic Ions
These elements have
ionic charges that can be
obtained from their group
numbers.
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– Anions: group 5A, 6A, 7A • form negative ions
• subtract 8 from group number to determine the charge
• all non‐metallic anions change their name to end in “‐ide”
• examples: oxygen becomes oxide, nitrogen → nitride, fluorine → fluoride
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9.1
Naming Ions
> Monatomic Ions
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• Ions of most transition metals + Pb & Sn
– charge may vary
– some metal cations with more than one charge: Table 9.2
• Copper: Cu+, Cu2+
• Iron: Fe2+, Fe3+
• Lead: Pb2+, Pb4+
• Tin: Sn2+, Sn4+
• Mn: Mn2+, Mn3+
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9.1
Naming Ions
> Monatomic Ions
These colorful solutions contain the transition
metal ions Co3+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Ni2+, and Mn2+.
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9.1
Naming Ions
> Monatomic Ions
Many transition metal
compounds are colored and
can be used as pigments.
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• Naming transition metal ions
– Stock Name: • roman numeral corresponds to ionic charge
• example: copper I = Cu+, copper II = Cu2+
– Classical Name
• suffix “‐ous” has the lower ionic charge, “‐
ic” has the higher
• uses the Latin name
• example cuprous = Cu+, cupric = Cu2+
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• Cu1+ = Copper (I) = Cuprous • Cu2+ = Copper (II) = Cupric
• Fe2+ = Iron (II) = Ferrous • Fe3+ = Iron (III) = Ferric
• Pb2+ = lead (II) = Plumbous
• Pb4+ = lead (IV) = Plumbic
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9.1
Naming Ions
> Monatomic Ions
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What is the correct formula for a copper (II) ion?
A. Cu1+
B.
Cu2+
C.
Cu2
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– Major disadvantage of classical naming system: It doesn’t tell you the charge on the cation: only if it has the smaller (‐ous) or larger (‐ic) charge
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– Transition metals with only one ionic charge do not need a Roman numeral when named (memorize these)
• Ag+ = silver, NOT silver (I)
– Silver always forms a 1+ ion
• Cd2+ and Zn2+ = cadmium and zinc
– Cd and Zn always form 2+ ions
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• Naming Polyatomic Ions
– covalently bonded groups of atoms that behave like an ion
– most end in –ite or –ate
– exceptions:
1. hydroxide
2. ammonium
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9.1
Naming Ions
> Polyatomic Ions
These models show the structures of four
common polyatomic ions.
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– polyatomic ion “‐ite/‐ate” pairs
• have the same charge
• “‐ite” ions have one less oxygen atom
• example: sulfate = SO42‐, sulfite = SO32‐
• what is the formula for nitrate
NO ‐
3
• what is the formula for nitrate
NO ‐
2
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– Polyatomic ions beginning with “hydrogen”
• add a H+ ion to the polyatomic ion and adjust the charge
• phosphate → hydrogen phosphate
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9.1
Naming Ions
> Polyatomic Ions
Sodium hydrogen carbonate can relieve an
upset stomach.
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9.1
Naming Ions
> Polyatomic Ions
HCO3–, HPO42–, and H2PO4– ions in your blood
are critical for your health.
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9.1
Naming Ions
> Polyatomic Ions
Fertilizers contain HPO42– and H2PO4– ions.
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• Common vs. Systematic Names
– common names may describe the chemical: – laughing gas, baking soda, lye
• Systematic names are important
– give more information about the compound
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9.1 Section Quiz
If the name of an ion ends in ‐ite or ‐ate, the ion is a A. polyatomic cation.
B. polyatomic anion.
C. transition metal cation.
D. monatomic anion.
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9.1 Section Quiz
What is the charge of the ion of sulfur?
A. 2+
B. 1‐
C. 2‐
D. 0
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9.1 Section Quiz
What is the charge of the ion of zinc?
A. 2+
B. 1‐
C. 2‐
D. 0
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9.1 Section Quiz
What is the charge of the Copper (I) ion?
A. 2+
B. 1+
C. 2‐
D. 0
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9.1 Section Quiz
What is the charge of the tin (IV) ion?
A. 4+
B. 2+
C. 4‐
D. 0
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9.1 Section Quiz
Which of the following are positively charged polyatomic ions?
(I) ammonium ion
(II) perchlorate ion
(III) ferric ion
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
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9.1 Section Quiz
If the name of an ion ends in ‐ite or ‐ate, the ion is a A. polyatomic cation.
B. polyatomic anion.
C. transition metal cation.
D. monatomic anion.
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9.1 Section Quiz
What is the charge of the silver ion?
A. 4+
B. 2+
C. 1+
D. 0
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9.1 Section Quiz
What is the charge of the iron (III) ion?
A. 3+
B. 2+
C. 3‐
D. 0
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9.1 Section Quiz
Which of the following is NOT a cation?
A. iron(III) ion
B. calcium ion
C. sulfate
D. mercurous ion
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9.1 Section Quiz
An ‐ate or ‐ite at the end of a compound name usually indicates that the compound contains ____.
A. fewer electrons than protons
B. only two elements
C. neutral molecules
D. a polyatomic anion
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9.1 Section Quiz
What is the charge of the ion of Argon?
A. 2+
B. 1‐
C. 2‐
D. Trick question: Argon doesn’t usually form ions
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9.1 Section Quiz
What is the charge of the bromine ion?
A. 2+
B. 1‐
C. 2‐
D. 0
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• Read 260‐266
• Memorize polyatomic ions
• Q’s 9.1 on worksheet. (Answer on a separate sheet of paper!)
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