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Phospholipids in
Dietetic Applications
Dietetics
Phospholipids in Dietetic Applications
Phospholipids in
Dietetic Applications
Phospholipids (PLs) are essential building blocks of all
biological membranes exhibiting a plethora of functions.
Besides their role as structural molecules, they act as dynamic components that are essential for the functionality
and activity of cells by activating membrane-bound enzymes for example.
Among the naturally occurring phospholipids, the most
important components for dietary purposes are Phosphatidylcholine (PC), Phosphatidylserine (PS) and Glycerophosphocholine (GPC).
Application Opportunities of Phospholipids
Besides their important function as actives, phospholipids
can be applied in dietetic products for emulsification, encapsulation and controlled release of active ingredients,
as well as for the enhancement of bioavailability, stability, and shelf-life of sensitive ingredients.
Due to their unique properties, Lipoid’s phospholipids
from plant origin present exciting opportunities to nutrition technologists as they are:
• natural
• PCR-negative or GMO-free
• produced only with safe materials.
Health Benefits of Phospholipids
Phosphatidylcholine (PC)
• Major constituent of cellular membranes [1]
• Supports membrane expansion, renewal and
regeneration [1]
• Operates in the liver, lungs, gastro intestinal tract and
kidneys as a surface-active wetting-agent to coat cell
linings [2]
• Natural reservoir for choline [2]
Health Benefits
• High efficacy in liver regeneration [2, 3]
• Cholesterol lowering effect [4]
• Improves blood lipid status and thus may support
prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis [4]
• Improves visual acuity in preterm infants [5]
Soybean-derived Phosphatidylserine (PS)
• Safe product, no risk of contamination with any kind of
prion (proteinaceous infectious particle) [6]
• Present in all cellular membranes mainly in the inner
layer of the cell membrane [2]
• Most concentrated in human brain and nerves [2]
• Has a variety of structural and regulatory functions in
biological cell activities [7]
• Modulates the activity of receptors, enzymes, ion channels and signaling molecules [7, 8]
Health Benefits
• Improved exercise capacity [2, 7]
• Increases neurotransmitter release in the brain [9-10]
• Reverses age associated nerve cell dendrite loss [9] • Increases brain glucose level:
- Improved memory [9, 10]
- Shorter reaction time [9-11]
- Better hand-eye coordination [9-11]
- Higher stress resistance [2, 7, 11]
- Mood improvement [9-11]
Glycerophosphocholine (GPC)
• Nutrient present in all body cells [12]
• Phospholipid precursor [12]
• Component of breast milk [13]
• Can pass the blood-brain barrier easily [14]
• Forms clear stable solutions in water
• Regarded as safe food ingredient [15]
Health Benefits
• Plays vital role in tissue growth and renewal, organ
vitality, reproduction, and mind-body integration [16]
• Significantly benefits attention, mental focus, recall
and cognition [17]
• Offers benefits to defend memory decline caused by
poor brain circulation or Alzheimer’s disease [17]
• Valuable for brain recovery after stroke or circulatory
injury [18]
• Can revitalize master hormone functions [19]
Common Applications
Common Applications
Hard Capsules (Gelatine & HPMC)
LIPOID PS P grades
Brain function, cognitive capacit y, memor y, nervous system
LIPOID GPC 50, GPC X
Choline source, nervous system, brain function
SOLUTHIN ® MD
Powder form of unsaturated PC for solid deliver y systems
PhytoSolve ® (HPMC)
Solubilit y enhancer, bioavailabilit y enhancer
PHOSAL® 40 IP
Solubilit y enhancer, good compatibilit y with capsule material
Soft Gelatine Capsules
PHOSAL® GPC 85
Choline source, nervous system, brain function
PHOSAL® grades
Solubilit y enhancer, bioavailabilit y enhancer
Powder Compounds and Granulates
LIPOID PS P grades
Brain function, cognitive capacit y, memor y, nervous system
LIPOID GPC X, GPC
Choline source, nervous system, brain function
LIPOID P 21
Source of phospholipid complex from non-GMO soybean
Energy Bars
LIPOID PS P grades
Brain function, cognitive capacity, memory, nervous system
LIPOID H 20
Non-GMO, non-allergenic source of phospholipid complex from sunflower
LIPOID R 20
Non-GMO, non-allergenic source of phospholipid complex from rapeseed
Common Applications
Drinks
PHOSAL® GPC 85
Water soluble choline source, brain function, mental per formance
PhytoSolve ®
Solubilization of lipophilic actives (e.g. Omega-3 triglycerides CoQ10,
Vitamin E, Lutein, CL A)
Tablets
LIPOID PS P grades
Brain function, cognitive capacit y, memor y, nervous system
LIPOID GPC 50, GPC X
Choline source, nervous system, brain function
Tonics
LIPOID P grades
Soybean lecithin and phospholipids, non-GMO
LIPOID H grades
Sunflower lecithin and phospholipids
LIPOID R grades
Rapeseed lecithin and phospholipids
Lipoid Products
Overview of Lipoid Products for Dietetic
Oral Applications
Lipoid offers a variety of plant and egg yolk derived products particularly designed for dietetic applications. To facilitate the selection of
the product most suitable for a particular formulation, some details
are summarized on the following pages.
Lecithin and Phosphatidylcholines from
different sources:
Soybean : S grades, Soybean non-GMO : P grades, Rapeseed : R grades,
Sunflower: H grades, Egg Yolk: E grades
LIPOID S 20 / P 20 / R 20 / H 20 / E 25
Approx. 20 % PC, powder
LIPOID S 21 / P 21
Approx. 20 % PC, granules
LIPOID S 40
Approx. 4 0 % PC, powder
LIPOID S 45 / P 45 / R 50 / H 50
Approx. 45% PC, coarse agglomerates
LIPOID S 80 / P 75
Approx. 75 / 70 % PC, coarse agglomerates
Lipoid Products
Glycerophosphocholines
LIPOID GPC 50
Approx. 5 0 % GPC, fine granules
LIPOID GPC X
Approx. 9 0 % GPC, powder
LIPOID GPC
Approx. 9 8% GPC, powder
PHOSAL® GPC 85
Approx. 8 0 % GPC, viscous aqueous concentrate
Soybean Phosphatidylserines Non-GMO
LIPOID PS P 20 X
Approx. 20 % PS, powder
LIPOID PS P 50 X
Approx. 5 0 % PS, powder
LIPOID PS P 70
Approx. 70 % PS, powder
Special Systems Based on Soybean Phospholipids
PHOSAL® 40 IP
Approx. 4 0 % PC with sunflower oil, non-GMO
PHOSAL® 35 SB
Approx. 35% PC with sunflower oil
PHOSAL® 50 SA+
Approx. 5 0 % PC with saf flower oil
PHOSAL® 53 MCT
Approx. 5 3% PC with medium-chain triglycerides
PHOSAL® 75 SA
Approx. 75% PC with saf flower oil
PhytoSolve ®
Class of hydrophilic, customized transparent emulsions consisting of
carbohydrates, PLs and active lipophilic components
SOLUTHIN ® MD
Approx. 2 2% PC, powder
All data and recommendations made herein are based on our present state of knowledge. We disclaim any liabilit y on risks or formulae
that may result from the use of our products, including improper and illicit use.
Delivery System
PhytoSolve®
PhytoSolve ® designates tailor-made sophisticated solubilization systems based on phospholipids mainly for lipophilic actives. Highly concentrated solutions of polyols and
phospholipids facilitate the dissolution of large quantities
of lipids and form transparent to trans­lucent emulsions of
liquid to gel-like consistency.
• Phospholipids
• Water
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids or Lipophilic Actives
PhytoSolve®
• Transparent carrier for lipophilic actives
• Solubilizes broad variety of lipophilic actives (e.g. CoQ10,
Vitamin E, Lutein, Omega-3 triglycerides, CLA (conjugated
linoleic acid)) [20]
• Small vesicles
• Self-preserving system
• Mixable with water
Advantages
• Based only on natural, non-GMO raw materials
• Transparent emulsion
• Free of synthetic surfactants and preservatives
• Self-emulsifying system
• Enhanced bioavailability (up to 10 fold depending on
the active) [20]
• Pleasant taste
Literature
[1]
Hanahan D.J. et al., “Phospholipids as dynamic
participants in biological processes.”, J. Lipid
Res., 1984, 25:1528-1535.
[11] Jäger R. et al., “The effect of phosphatidylserine on golf performance.” J. Int. Soc. Sports. Nutr., 2007, 4:23.
[2] Jäger R. et al., “Phospholipids and sports perfor-
mance.”, J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr., 2007, 4:5.
[12] Pauling L., “Orthomolecular Psychiatry”, Science, 1968, 160:265-271.
[3] Wallnoefer H. et al., “Essential phospholipids in
the treatment of hepatic disease.”, Med. Monats-
schrift, 1973, 27:131-136.
[13] Holmes-McNary M.Q. et al., “Choline and choline esters in human and rat milk and in infant formu-
las.” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1996, 64:572-576.
[4] Wojcicki J. et al., “Clinical evaluation of lecithin
as lipid-lowering agent.”, Phytother. Res., 1995, 9 (8):597-599.
[5] Carlson S.E. et al., “Visual acuity and fatty acid
status of term infants fed human milk and formulas with and without docosahexaenoate and arachidonate from egg yolk lecithin.”, Pediatr Res., 1996, 39 (5):882-8.
[14] Parnetti, L.et al., “Cholinergic precursors in the treatment of cognitive impairment of vascular origin: Ineffective approaches or need for re-
evaluation?“. J. Neurol. Sci., 2007, 257(1) , 264-
269.
[15] Brownawell A. M. et al., “Safety assessment
of AGPC as a food ingredient.“, Food Chem. Tox., 2011, 49:1303-1315.
[6] Jorissen B.L. et al., “Safety of soy-derived phos-
phatidylserine in elderly people.” Nutr. Neurosci., 2002, 5:337-343.
[16] Wirthensohn G. et al., “Role and regulation of glycerophosphorylcholine in rat renal papilla [hu-
man data included] .”, Pfluegers Arch., 1987, 409:411– 415.
[7] Starks M.A. et al., “The effects of phosphat-
idylserine on endocrine response to moderate in-
tensity exercise.”, J. Int. Soc. Sports. Nutr., 2008, 5:11.
[17] Parnetti, L.et al., “Choline alfocerate in cognitive decline and in acute cerebrovascular isease: An analysis of published and clinical data.”, Mechs. Ageing Dev. 2001, 22:2041-2055.
[8] Finkielstein C. et al., “Cell migration and signa-
ling specificity is determined by the PS recogniti
on motif of rac1”, J. Biol. Chem., 2006, 281(37): 27317.
[18] Barbagallo S. G. et al., “Alpha-glycerophospho-
choline in the mental recovery of cerebral ische-
mic attacks: An Italian multicenter clinical trial.” Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1994, 717:253-269.
[9] Jorissen, B.L. et al., “The influence of soy-de-
rived PS on cognition in age-associated memory impairment.”, Nutr. Neurosci., 2001, 4 (2):121-134.
[19] Ceda G. et al., “α-GPC administration increases
the GH responses to GHRH of young and elderly subjects.”, Horm .Metabolic Res., 1991, 24:119-21.
[10] Schreiber S. et al., “An open trial of plant-source derived PS for treatment of age-related cognitive
decline.”, Isr. J. Psychiatry Relat. Sci., 2000, 37(4):302-7.
[20] Wajda R. et al., “Increase of bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E.”, J. Med. Food, 2007, 10 (4):731-734.
Contact
Worldwide
Lipoid AG
Sennweidstrasse 44
CH-6312 Steinhausen
Switzerland
Phone: +41 41 741 74 08
Fax:
+41 41 748 63 89
E-Mail: info @ lipoid.com
Headquarter and
Manufacturing
Lipoid GmbH
Frigenstraße 4
67065 Ludwigshafen
Germany
Phone: +49 621 538190
Fax:
+49 621 553559
E-Mail: info @ lipoid.com
Manufacturing in three independent
plants in Germany.
USA/Canada/Mexico
Lipoid LLC
The National Newark Building
744 Broad Street, Suite 1801
Newark, NJ 07102-3802
USA
Phone: +1 973 735 2692
Fax:
+1 973 735 2698
E-Mail: info-lipoidllc@ lipoid.com
Korea
Lipoid Korea
#1109, Byucksan Digital Valley VI
481-4, Gasan-dong
Geumcheon-gu
Seoul, 153-704
Korea
Phone: +82 2 335 1154
Fax:
+82 2 335 1156
E-Mail: lipoid @ lipoid-korea.com
www.lipoid.com
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