L. S; ULLMAN.
Weather indicator.
Nor 25,457.
Patented Sept. 13, 1859.
M MW W
N. Pnzns. Phula-Lithagnphur, Washington. ac‘
FFIQE.
UNITED STATES PATENT
LOUIS S. ULLMAN, OF NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE.
HYGROMETER.
Speci?cation of Letters Patent No. 25,457, dated September 13, 1859.
To all whom it may concern:
_
i the extreme portion of the said appendage
55
Be it known that I, LOUIS S. ULLMAN, of which is not twisted. The portion 6, is
Nashville, in the county of Davidson and ?rmly secured by wax or cement or by any
State of Tennessee, have invented a new and
other means to the back a, of the box, in
Improved Hygrometer, which I term the such a manner that the capsule, and the
“Oriental and Occidental WVeather-Indica spiral portion project forward in the center
tor; ” and I do hereby declare that the fol
of the box perpendicularly to the sides and
lowing is a full, clear, and exact description front thereof.
7“, is the index having a hole in its center
of the same, reference being had to the ac
10
companying drawings, forming part of this which ?ts tightly on the capsule o.
speci?cation, in which--—
condition.
Similar letters of reference indicate corre
sponding parts in the several ?gures.
pearance to the interior of the instrument.
tral section. Fig. 3 is a view of the capsule
and tail-like appendage of the Arabian
plant known as “chahajin” or “chahan”
constituting the principal portion of the in
strument, and represented in the natural
20
g, is a small collet secured to a frame 65
upon the glass it, of the front of the box to
receive the front extremity of the capsule
and prevent its lateral displacement. This
collet is large enough for the capsule to
work freely within it.
2', is a plate secured to the interior of the
back of the box for the purpose of covering
up the portion 6, and giving?a ?nished ap
Figure 1 is a front view. Fig. 2 is a cen
Certain plants, as the “ chahajin” or
As the spiral portion (Z, of the plant winds
“chahan” of Arabia represented in the ac up, or unwinds itself with the changes in
companying drawing, and the “ Geranium the hygrometric condition of the atmos
25
eroclium” well known in this country and
in Europe, have attached to their capsules a
phere the capsule 0, having the index at
tached is caused to turn back and forth, and
tail-like appendage, part of which is nat if the dial is properly graduated the index
urally of a spiral form, and tends to unwind will indicate the degree of moisture in the
80
atmosphere, and so foretell changes of
itself, or wind itself up as the atmosphere in
which it is exposed becomes more or less
weather. The dial, besides being graduated,
moist.
or instead of being graduated, may be
My invention consists in the construction marked in any manner that will be best
of a hygrometer of convenient form by com understood for the purpose of indicating the
bining an index, or its equivalent, and a changes of weather.
35
graduated dial or scale in any manner, sub
stantially as hereinafter described, with the
Instead of attaching an index to the cap
sule to indicate upon a dial or circular
capsule and spiral tail-like appendage of scale, a small weight may be suspended
from a thread which is attached to, and
the above speci?ed plants.
The drawing represents the most conven
90
wound around the capsule, and the said
ient form of my improved hygrometer and weight having a vertical scale arranged near
after describing that form a few remarks it will ascend and descend the said scale as
will su?ice to explain the other form that its suspending thread is wound up or un
wound by the action of the spiral portion cl,
may be adopted.
A, is a box which may be of brass, or upon the capsule c. The suspended weight
other metal, wood or other substance, made may work within a glass tube having a
properly graduated scale placed at the back
glazed front B, around the interior of of it. The suspended weight is an equiva
which is an open dial plate or ring I), gradu lent for the index f, and the vertical scale
95
45 with a solid back a, but with a movable
50
100
ated in any suitable or convenient manner.
This box must have one or more suitable
the equivalent for the dial or circular
openings 7', in the sides or other part for
I do not claim the combination of an in
dex with a vegetable substance twisted by 105
art. Neither do I claim the use of the
the admission of air.
0 (Z 6, is the sensitive portion of the hy
scale 6.
'
grometer; 0, being the capsule; (Z, the spiral naturally spiral portions of plants when not
portion of its tail-like appendage, and e, applied, as I have described, in combination
2
25,457
With dials and indices or their equivalents. index and dial, or their equivalents, substan
But
tially as herein described to constitute a
What I claim as my invention, and desire hygrometer.
to secure by Letters Patent, is :—
The combination of the capsule and
Witnesses:
LOUIS S. ULLMAN.
naturally spiral tail-like appendage of
W. H. BURY,
either of the plants herein speci?ed With an
R. A. CAMPBELL.