BLUMEA
47
Ficus
299-314
(2002)
subgenus Pharmacosycea section
in the Solomon
(Moraceae)
Oreosycea
Fiji,
Islands,
and the New Hebrides
C.C.
The
Norwegian Arboretum/Botanical
Berg
Institute, University
of
Bergen,
5259
Hjellestad, Norway
Summary
A
of the
survey
for the
are
of Ficus
Caledonia)
region is presented.
new:
F. bubulia
and F. setulosa
Key
species
New
region (excl.
words
C.C.
C.C.
: Ficus,
Ten
Berg,
subg. Pharmacosycea
with
of and
descriptions
species
are
key
to
the
F.
Berg,
magwana
for the western Pacific
species presently recognised
of which three
recognised,
F. magwana C.C.
Oreosycea
sect.
a
species
subsp.
and
one
maragona
subspecies
C.C.
Berg,
Berg.
sect.
Oreosycea, Moraceae,
Pacific.
western
Introduction
Ficus
60
subg. Pharmacosycea (Miq.) Miq.
species
and has
a
Oreosycea (Miq.) Miq. comprises
sect.
range of distribution from West Africa and
and New Caledonia.Corner (1960)recognised
three
major
Madagascar
to
55-
Fiji
subdivisions for the section:
series Vasculosae Corner, series Nervosae Corner, and series AustrocaledonicaeCorner.
Series Vasculosae
tribution. It is
(with
c.
20
affinities
each other than
glandular spots
i.e.
1967, 1970,1975)
led
order
to
to
an
shorter
included all
Fiji
Vasculosae,
-
shoots with
African-Asian mainland dis-
so
making
such
as
in
investigation
of
a
with
Corner
be related
(1970)
showed that
to
only
a
of the Solomon Islands,
during
out
manuscript
species
and
distribution
to
F.
sect.
to
the
preparation
of
as
well
Oreosycea
the
overlapping
species
of
a
a treatment
submittedabout 30 years ago
verify
pseudojaca,
three Malesian
clearly)
Malesia and Corner (1960,
in
as
by
of the series Nervosae
that of F. smithii,
species placed
and
Oreosycea
extend
to
in
regarded by
member of the former series. The
sect.
for
Corner
the Solomon Islands in
recognition
and Austrocaledonicae.This sideline study includes F. granatum, a
the latter series,
long
less
or
and
islands in series Austrocaledonicae.
carried
of material of
delimitthe Malesian
eastern
of
common occurrence
the second internode
that the leaves become (more
centred in
show closer
species)
the presence of waxy
Hebrides, in this series and he placed the species
adjacent
use
Series Nervosae
glandular spots.
mostly
Oreosycea species
and the New
the genus Ficus
Flora Malesiana
-
series
Series Nervosae is
from New Caledonia and
on
to
having
’,
gradually
distally.
Studies
mainly
a
in the axils of the basal lateral veins and the
ones
F. smithii from
and has
the absence of waxy
and series Austrocaledonicae (with 25-30
‘Terminalia-branching
clustered
species
distinguished by
species)
to
subsequent
9
comprises
study
the Solomon
BLUMEA
300
Islands: F. hombroniana Corner, F.
Vol.
47,
No.
2,
polyantha Warb.,
2002
and F. subtrinervia Lauterb. &
K. Schum. Moreover, it became clear that these three
species
the
from the Solomon Islands
texture
placed
species
in series Nervosae
of the laminaand its colour when dried, in the
are
distinct from other
differ in
by Corner; they
often and
more
more
clearly
clustered leaves, the presence of cordate lamina bases, and the variation in the
of the
petioles
the
on
series Austrocaledonicae rather than that of series
Nervosae
and the
be included in the former series.
to
A detailed study of the New Caledonian
Montpellier)
accurately
is needed
and
The sideline
bubulia and
F.
in
series Nervosae, F.
F.
edelfeltii
eight Oreosycea species
KEY
THE
la.
TO
F.
magwana
are
have
Ungricht,
(series)
more
OF SECTION
only ciliolate;
two
in series
and
one
cristobalensis and
novae-georgiae. Therefore,
for the Solomon Islands.
presently recognised
THE SPECIES
or
S.
by
species,
new
clear that F.
be included in F.
to
SOLOMON ISLANDS, FIJI,
Stipules glabrous
on
(with subsp. maragona),
setulosa. Moreover, it made
bougainvillei
var.
carried
the taxonomic rank.
on
also revealed the presence of three
study
Autrocaledonicae,
species (presently
define the Malesian and the Pacific groups
to
decide
to
with
species
,
these characters have
length
These characters match the range of variation of
twig.
same
AND
OREOSYCEA
THE
lamina glabrous
FROM
NEW HEBRIDES
only
or
very
sparsely hairy
on
the midrib beneath
b.
Stipules hairy;
2
lamina
mostly distinctly hairy
beneath
or
sometimes
subglabrous
6
2a.
Stipules
0.5-1
cm
b.
Stipules
1-3.5
cm
3a. Indumentum
0.3-0.6
cm
4a.
Tertiary
b.
Tertiary
or
few
and
in diam. when
petiole
white)
on
the
petiole adaxially only; fig receptacle
1. F. bubulia
dry
also
abaxially
or
absent; fig receptacle 0.6-1.5
cm
4
parallel
to
the lateral veins
1-3
(with
lateral veins
secondary
10. F. subtrinervia
primary ones)
venationof the lamina
transverse
scalariform,
reticulate
veins in the intercostal area)
or
to
to
subscalariform (with
(largely) parallel
to
one
the lateral
veins
5
5a. Leaves in
basal
spirals;
receptacle stipitate),
b. Leaves
Stipules
b.
Stipules
pair
basal
the basal bracts
0.5-1
cm
of lateral veins distinct;
figs (sub)sessile (but
the basal bracts verticillate
(sub)distichous;
pedunculate,
6a.
long.
—
usually
not
hardly distinct;
or
scattered
Solomon Islands,
1-3.5
cm
varying
the
3. F. hombroniana
of lateral veins
pair
7. F.
figs
polyantha
widespread
5a. F. magwana
7a. Petioles
in
dry
venation
between the
3
long
(minutely
b. Indumentum on the
diam. when
4. F. illiberalis
long
subsp.
magwana
7
long
in
length
on
the
same
twig;
lamina
mostly
chartaceous
to
sub-
coriaceous
b. Petioles about similar in
subcoriaceous
8
length
on
the
same
twig;
lamina
mostly
coriaceous
to
10
C. C.
8a. Lamina ±
Berg:
Ficus
densely hairy
section
subgenus Pharmacosycea
the veins beneath, the base often cordate.
on
Islands
6. F.
b. Lamina
glabrous
in the main vein beneath.
sparsely hairy
or
301
Oreosycea
—
Solomon
novae-georgiae
Fiji
and New
in diam. when
dry; leafy
—
Hebrides
9
9a.
Fig peduncle
b.
Fig peduncle
±
twig
0.8-1.3
angular, sparsely hairy.
up
to
subterete and
twig
the
long,
cm
0.8
mostly
the
rather
0.6-1
cm
and New Hebrides
Fiji
—
long,
cm
receptacle
1.5-2
receptacle
densely hairy.
cm
9. F. smithii
in diam. when
dry; leafy
New Hebrides
—
2. F. granatum
10a.
venation
Tertiary
between the
b.
parallel
the lateral veins
to
lateral veins
secondary
10. F. subtrinervia
primary ones)
venation of the lamina reticulate
Tertiary
1-3
(with
largely parallel
to
to
the lateral veins
11
1 la.
Petiole 0.5-1
cm
with abundant internal bristles
long; fig receptacle
8. F. setulosa
b. Petiole
(0.5-)
1-3.5
12a. Lamina coriaceous,
0.2-0.8
cm
long.
Solomon Islands,
b. Lamina subcoriaceous,
0.3-7
—
long
cm
subsessile and the
drying brown; figs
—
and the
without internal bristles
long; fig receptacle
cm
receptacle
with
yellowish; figs
to
receptacle non-stipitate
Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz island group
with
or
a
stipe
Stipulae glabrae,
culum
to
Leafy twigs
to
1-3.5
Solomon
12 m
2-3
subglabrous.
tall,
mm
1
to
to
spirals,
distant
subobovate
to
glands
long,
to
along
oblong,
cuneate
length
ciliolate, caducous. Figs
basal bracts 3,
dry
glabrous,
cm
the
on
same
5
in diam.,
maturity yellow,
Distribution
Georgia,
—
0.5-1
the
twig
or
Fici
recepta(holo
1969.
drying (pale)
± clearly clustered
4-15 (-20)
brown.
1.5-6
by
or
cm,
distally;
symmetric,
obtuse, margin entire,
to
Nggela,
sur-
midrib almost flat above, lateral veins
1-2
apex
or
mm
non-stipitate
convex,
or
cm
in
white
long,
0.4-2
petiole
appressed-puberulous,
often
finely striate, glabrous
pairs; peduncle
0.2-0.6
cm
long;
long, persistent; receptacle subglobose,
with
a
stipe
ostiole 0.5-1
Tepals red, glabrous.
Solomon Islands
Small
long.
maragona
BSIP 15346
May
Branchlets
twig, minutely
axillary, solitary
inent. Internal bristles absent.
New
cm
venation reticulate, the smaller veins almost flat beneath;
(almost) verticillate,
0.3-0.6
at
et al.
in the axils of the basal lateral veins, often faint or small;
similar in
0.3
subsp.
pubescens.
Gafui
subattenuate
to
only adaxially, epidermis flaking off; stipules
when
to
obtuse; upper surface glabrous, dull when dry, lower
(7—)9—12(—13) pairs, tertiary
or
high.
m
glabrous, smooth; cystoliths only beneath;
waxy
I.
Typus:
Nggela, Salesapa Bush,
with buttresses up
flat, apex (sub)acuminate
cm
tantum adaxialiter
—
peduncle (0.1-)
thick, hollow, ± angular, minutely whitish appressed-puberulous
coriaceous, drying brown, base
face
Small
sicco.
a
up
1
Fig.
—
Petiolus
diam. in
cm
Islands,
Leaves in
laminaoblanceolate
nov.
spec.
longae.
cm
glabrum 0.3-0.6
BSIP; K, L),
Trees up
Berg,
stipe
only
5b. F. magwana
1. Ficus bubulia C.C.
a
3. F. hombroniana
widespread
drying greenish
12
with
up
to
mm
Stamen
0.2 cm
long, receptacle
in diam.,
slightly
prom-
1.
(Big Nggela, Bougainville, Guadalcanal, Malaita,
and Santa Isabel).
302
Fig.
BLUMEA
1. Ficus
bubulia
C.C.
Berg (Gafui
et
Vol.
al.
47,
No.
BSIP 15346
,
2,
2002
L),
Solomon
Islands,
Small
Nggela.
C. C.
Habitat
Notes
7844 and
1.
The
Gafui
2. Materialof this
differences
some
2. Ficus
Ficus
Ficus
was
Trees up
Forst.
n.
25
m
particular subsp.
var.
minor Corner
dry,
brown
drying
drying brownish,
lower surface
the apex, lateral veins
twig
cm
long,
appressed-puberulous,
solitary (on
whitish
up
0.2-0.8
0.8
to
whole surface
or
to
cm
Habitat
Note
on
long
mainly
or
abundant. Pedicels
in the
cm
or
—
—
—
or on
long
+
clearly
Type:
G. Forster
18.
—
Type: Kajewski
324
leafy twigs
mm
in
and
length
on
ellipsoid,
stipules
when
the midrib
on
same
1-2
1.5-2
dry
densely
cm
on
cm
brownish
maturity red,
at
in diam.,
to
800
margin
not
to
reaching
of the basal lateral
the
twig, sparsely
long, densely
the older
prominent
apex
or
wood),
mm
long,
in diam., with
puberulous
convex
to
on
a
the
umbonate
sunken. Internal bristles
Stamens
(1),
2
(Ambrym, Aneityum, Eromanga,
altitudes up
lamina
subcoria-
truncate,
sessile; basal bracts 3, verticillate, 2-3
to
mm
sub-
scalariform to reticulate,
the axils
short and small-leaved shoots
or
distally;
symmetric,
narrowly
to
to
subsericeous, caducous. Figs axillary,
to
or
3.
and
Tanna).
m.
shows close affinities
species
clustered
cm,
loosely
in
glands
hairy. Tepals reddish, glabrous.
at
2.5-9
subacute; upper surface glabrous,
venation
absent, receptacle
New Hebrides
Forest;
This
to
clearly varying
around the ostiole,
larger fig receptacle,
the
to
epidermis flaking off;
crateriform, ostiole 1.5-3
Distribution
—
midribalmost flat above, often
appressed-puberulous
the main shoots
peduncle
±
persistent; receptacle subglobose
stipe
18.
(very) sparsely appressed-puberulous
(8-)9-14 pairs, tertiary
veins; petiole 1—7(—9)
to
f.
greyish. Leafy twigs
to
base rounded
smaller veins almost flat beneath; waxy
a
under which
subterete, ± densely brownish puberulous
to
glabrous, smooth; cystoliths only beneath;
brownish
f.
(1960) 414; (1970)415,
distant along the
spirals,
coriaceous,
dull when
with
(1967).
magwana,
(1965) 33; (1970) 413,
oblong, (3.5—) 10—24(—30) by (1.2—)4—12(—14)
to
to
Comer
entire, flat, apex shortly and bluntly acuminate
white
that presently
as
Tanna.
tall. Branchlets
Leaves in
glabrous.
408;
Hebrides,
thick, hollow, slightly angular
the
well
Hebrides, Aneityum, Eromanga
New
to
(1786),
New
(holo? BM),
granatum G.
ceous
by
as
Corner
granatum Forst. f.
(holo K),
elliptic
BSIP 3463),
included in F. smithii
mentioned.
are
granatum G. Forst.
248b
al. BSIP
et
15346).
resembles F.
in
magwana,
species
303
Oreosycea
of the vernacular names (Beer
on one
species (including Lipaqueto
treated under F.
magwana,
3. This
section
subgenus Pharmacosycea
is based
epithet
al.
et
Ficus
low altitudes.
at
Forest;
—
—
Berg:
to
F. smithii, from which it differs, e.g.,
the brownish colour of dried leaves, the denser indumentum
stipules,
and the
hairy pedicels.
3. Ficus hombroniana Corner
Ficus hombroniana
L), Papua
Ficus
S
New
Comer
(1960) 410; (1965) 30; (1967) 73,
Guinea, Woodlark Island, Kulumadau,
madhucifolia
Corner
(1960) 412; (1965)
Sulawesi, Bantimurung,
20 Feb.
1938.
32.
—
3
f. 12.
Nov.
Type:
—
Type:
Brass
28598
(holo A;
1956.
Buwalda
3719
(holo L), Indonesia,
BLUMEA
304
30
to
Trees up
Leafy twigs
Leaves in
tall, with buttresses up
m
3-5
thick, solid,
mm
±
spirals,
to
truncate,
sparsely puberulous
±
distinct, tertiary
1-3
long,
cm
the
m
±
shining
puberulous
also
or
dull when
the lateral veins
on
venation reticulate
similar in
length
largely parallel
to
the
0.6-1.2
to
caducous.
in diam., with
cm
glabrous,
same
Distribution
Note
(to
(very)
the basal
pairs,
the lateral veins, the
to
pairs, (sub)sessile;
ostiole
c.
2
gla-
basal bracts 3,
when
subglobose,
mm
to
white appressed-
dry
white
puberulous
in diam., ±
prominent.
Tepals red, glabrous. Stamen 1.
San Cristobal, and Santa Cruz).
Malaita, Malaupaina,
Forest;
most
obtuse
glabrous, smooth;
long, densely
cm
at
low altitudes.
The material from the Solomon Islands is
—
Malesia,
to
long, receptacle sparsely
convex,
to
(sub)-
cuneate
Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea, and Solomon Islands (Bougain-
—
ville, Kolombangara,
—
apex
cm
base
twig, appressed-puberulous
in
Figs axillary,
0.2-0.8
stipe
maturity reddish,
at
Internal bristles absent.
Habitat
a
to
oblong
in the axils of the basal lateral veins;
glands
on
glabrous.
to
lower surface
dry,
long, persistent, densely puberulous; receptacle
mm
to
midrib almost flat above, lateral veins 7-12
glabrous,
to
elliptic
brown.
drying
white puberulous
bluntly (sub)acuminate
to
brous, epidermis flaking off; stipules (1-) 1.5-3.5
0.5-1.5
Branchlets
high.
lamina
twig;
and
shortly
apex
smaller veins almost flat beneath; waxy
petiole
1.5
to
2002
2,
symmetric, coriaceous, drying brown,
the midrib
on
No.
47,
angular, minutely
along
glabrous,
cystoliths only beneath;
pair
cm,
margin entire, flat,
upper surface
+
distant
clearly
obovate, 8-20 by 4.5-10.5
rounded);
Vol.
clearly
in the
so
relatively
short
slightly
different from that from
stipules.
4. Ficus illiberalis Corner
Ficus
illiberalis
San
Trees up
blackish.
to
to
30
to
2.5-4
subglabrous.
subobovate,
drying greenish
to
(1967) 80,
f.
17.
—
6-14
mm
yellowish,
to
(holo K; L),
Solomon
Islands,
1965
July
to
1
m
high.
Branchlets
drying
brown
to
thick, hollow, ± angular, sparsely and minutely white
Leaves in
by
Corner RSS 20
Type:
28
tall, with buttresses up
m
Leafy twigs
puberulous
late
Comer
Cristobal, Warahito/Pegato divide,
base
distantalong the
spirals,
1.8-5.5
cm,
cuneate
to
twig;
laminaoblanceo-
subcoriaceous
symmetric,
to
chartaceous,
obtuse, margin entire, flat, apex obtuse
rounded; upper surface glabrous, dull when dry, lower surface glabrous, smooth;
cystoliths only beneath;
8-10
pairs, tertiary
midribalmost flat above,
venation reticulate
veins almost flat beneath; waxy
0.6-1.5
cm
long,
to
glands
almost similarin
axillary, solitary
late, 0.5-1
with
a
mm
stipe
convex,
up
in
length
pairs; peduncle
on
the
0.2
ostiole 0.5-1
cm
mm
long
or
in diam.,
the apex, lateral veins
the lateral veins, the smaller
0.5-1
0.2-0.5
twig, sparsely
same
cm
basal bracts 3,
long;
absent, receptacle
when
slightly prominent.
caducous.
(almost)
0.6-0.7
dry
glabrous,
at
petiole
white appressed-
long, glabrous,
cm
long, persistent; receptacle subglobose,
to
to
in the axils of the basal lateral veins;
puberulous, epidermis flaking off; stipules
or
reaching
not
largely parallel
cm
Figs
verticil-
in diam.,
maturity red,
Internalbristles absent.
apex
Tepals
red, glabrous. Stamens 1 (or 2).
Distribution
Habitat
—
—
Solomon Islands (San
Forest.
Cristobal, Guadalcanal,
and
Kolombangara).
C. C.
5. Ficus
magwana C.C.
glabrum 0.4-0.6
Solomon
Trees up
the
on
ly
on
Islands,
12
to
of the
scars
the
truncate
to
dull when
similarin
long,
waxy
length
subsericeous,
0.1-2
often
cm
only
0.3
on
when
umbonate, ostiole 0.5-1
1.
at
cm,
obtuse
to
1-2
cm
midrib
on
pairs,
the basal
on
one
pair (slightly)
the lateral veins, the smaller
to
white
veins; petiole
appressed-puberulous,
Figs axillary, solitary
in diam.,
0.5-1
mm
non-stipitate
maturity yellow
to
the midrib
slightly impressed above,
(almost) verticillate,
in diam., flat
narrowly
long, yellowish appressed-puberulous
caducous.
cm
symmetric,
to
acuminate; upper surface
apex
twig, sparsely
red, apex
to
slightly sunken,
Tepals red, glabrous.
is based
epithet
The
or
dry 0.4-1.2
mm
rim. Internalbristles absent.
—
same
the keel,
long, receptacle glabrous,
cm
Notes
the
1.5-6.5
cuneate
puberulous
clustered distal-
in the axils of the basal lateral
glands
on
clearly
±
drying (pale)
white
(sparsely) appressed-puberulous
largely parallel
to
basal bracts 3,
long;
receptacle subglobose,
to
base
only beneath;
0.5-1
epidermis flaking off; stipules
peduncle
spirals,
not, lateral veins 8-12
acumen or
Branchlets
high.
m
solid, ± angular,
or
subobovate, 7-20 by
to
lower surface
dry,
veins almost flat beneath;
to
0.6
drying greenish,
smooth; cystoliths
the top of the
cm
to
receptaculum
(holo BSIP; L),
1965.
Leaves in
subglabrous.
distinct, tertiary venationreticulate
0.7-2
17 June
River,
Fici
longus.
cm
narrowly subcordate, margin entire, flat,
glabrous),
reaching
stipules
0.7-2
L. Maenu 'u BSIP 6032
Typus:
thick, hollow
mm
subcoriaceous,
to
or to
glabrous,
(or
2.5-4
lamina oblanceolate
twig;
chartaceous
Tira
—
with buttresses up
tall,
m
Leafy twigs
Petiolus
longae.
in sicco.
Georgia,
New
305
Oreosycea
nov.
spec.
cm
in diam.
cm
section
subgenus Pharmacosycea
Berg,
0.5-1
Stipulae pubescentes
brown.
Ficus
Berg:
in
or
pairs;
long, persistent;
or
with
convex
a
to
surrounded
stipe
up
slightly
by
a
low
Stamen 1.
of the vernacular
names
for this
species
(BSIP 6032).
2. Two
subspecies
a.
subsp.
magwana
Leaves clustered
to
narrowly
puberulous
on
—
cm
2. This
widespread
in the Solomon Islands
twig;
lamina chartaceous
distinctly acuminate;
the top of the
reaching
long. Fig peduncle (0.5-)
or
up
to
with
a
subcoriaceous, base
lower surface
1-2
stipe
to
acumen;
cm
0.3
petiole
brown when
long; receptacle
cm
cuneate
(sparsely) appressed-
0.4-0.6
(Big Nggela, Guadalcanal, Kolombangara,
Santa Isabel, and Vella
cm
long.
New
Lavella).
Forest.
1.
The material
F. smithii Baker
ceous
the
Solomon Islands
Georgia, Ranongga,
Notes
on
dry, non-stipitate
—
one
2
the midrib; midrib
Distribution
—
distinguished:
the Santa Cruz island group.
Fig.
distally
0.5-1
in diam. when
—
to
truncate, apex
dry; stipules
Habitat
be
can
and the other confined
by
Corner
subspecies
on
which this
(1970: 84,
f.
new
usually
is
based,
has been included in
resembles somewhat F. bubulia,, which is distinct
lamina with the apex subacuminate
and the leaves
species
20).
more or
less
clearly
to
by
the coria-
obtuse, the (almost) glabrous stipules,
distant
along
the
twig.
BLUMEA
306
Fig.
2. Ficus
Rendova
magwana
Island.
C.C.
Berg subsp.
Vol.
47,
magwana
No.
2,
2002
(Whitmore
BSIP
1887, L),
Solomon
Islands,
C. C.
Fig.
3.
Ficus
Islands,
Berg:
magwana
Vanikoro
C.C.
Island.
Ficus
subgenus Pharmacosycea
Berg subsp.
maragona
C.C.
section
307
Oreosycea
Berg ( Piaito
BSIP 7060
, L),
Solomon
308
b.
BLUMEA
maragona C.C.
subsp.
glabrum
base
Islands,
distant
clearly
truncate
to
the
Petiolus
with
stipe
a
up
Distribution
Habitat
Notes
1.
The
subspecies
3. Collection T. C.
Ficus
New
and
NGF 13570
as
the
San
Islands,
to
West
New
(K, L),
Comer
Corner
New
mm
12-40 by 5-18
(to subacute);
dull when
dry,
New
to
17 Dec.
f.
(1961) 85,
f.
(holo L),
Solomon
1962.
1;
(1967) 76,
Oct.
Crown
1960;
f.
14.
Syntypes:
—
Corner NGF13568
Prince
Mountains,
Corner NGF 13570
Oct.
(L)
(K,
1960,
herewith
K.
16.
—Type:
of Warahito
spirals,
and
to
1
Whitmore RSS 6199
22
Pegato Rivers,
(holo K; L),
Solomon
1965.
July
ined.
Corner,
±
obovate
m
high.
Branchlets
cordate
sparsely
clustered
clearly
to
symmetric,
lower surface
the lateral veins
Whitmore BSIP i1275
Type:
Guinea, Bougainville;
upper surface
smooth (or scabridulous;
drying (dark)
brown.
oblanceolate
to
subcoriaceous
to
truncate
glabrous
to
or
to
distally
to
distant
subpandurate
to
to
the
or to
chartaceous, drying greenish
cuneate,
margin entire, flat,
sparsely puberulous
and
densely appressed-puberulous
hirtellous (to
along
oblong
subhispidulous
also
on
apex
glabrescent,
on
the midrib
the smaller veins,
cystoliths only beneath; midrib slightly impressed
in the lower
flat in the upperpart above, lateral veins 10-20pairs, 1-4 smaller lateral veins
below the
veins
Fiji.
thick, hollow, ± angular, brownish appressed-puberulous;
in
to
cm,
—
Guinea, Bougainville,
24 m tall, with buttresses up
acuminate
to
15.
malaitana
pale brown, base (deeply)
part
f.
Comer
(1967) 78,
var.
lamina subobovate
also
dry, non-stipitate
included with doubt in F. illiberalis
Guinea, Bougainville, Arawa,
(not traced),
internodes short. Leaves
or
was
Vangunu, Bopo Village,
bougainvillei
(L),
Leafy twigs 4-10(-20)
to
reach-
long. Fig
Corner
Cristobal, confluence
cristobalensis
elliptic,
in diam. when
not
cm
the vernacular name used in Santa Cruz ( Mciu-
on
lectotype; isolectotype
Ficus cristobalenensis
twig;
is based
Whitmore BSIP 1627
var.
and Waterhouse B313
Trees up
cm
resembles somewhat F. smithii from
Georgia,
edelfeltii King
designated
Ficus
1-2
dry; stipules
(Santa Cruz).
novae-georgiae Corner (1967) 76,
Corner NGF3559
L)
midriboften
17738).
novae-georgiae
Islands,
Ficus
acuminate to obtuse;
bluntly
glabrous;
to
0.6-1.2
and
1967: 81).
(Corner,
6. Ficus
(holo L),
long.
cm
epithet
riasi BSIP 16723 and
2. This
receptaculum
17738
lamina subcoriaceous,
distally;
shortly
red-brown when
Solomon Islands
—
et al. BSIP
Forest.
—
—
0.3
to
Fici
longus.
cm
clustered
to
apex
peduncle (0.1—)0.3—0.7 cm long; receptacle
to
0.7-2
1969.
obtuse),
petiole
acumen;
3
R. Mauriasi
Typus:
twig
the
to
2002
2,
Fig.
—
sparsely appressed-puberulous
of the
top
along
(or
—
20 Oct.
Cruz,
subcordate
lower surface very
ing
Santa
sicco.
No.
47,
nov.
longae.
cm
0.6-1.2 in diam. in
Solomon
Leaves ±
Berg, subsp.
1-2
Stipulae pubescentes
Vol.
major
basal
ones,
tertiary
slightly prominent beneath;
veins; petiole
1.5-5
densely puberulous
cm
to
long,
±
waxy
up
to
1.5
cm
subvelutinous,
long;
glands
different in
brownish subsericeous, caducous.
peduncle
venation scalariform
to
reticulate, the smaller
in the axils of the
length
on
the
(main)
same
epidermis flaking off; stipules
Figs axillary,
basal bracts 3,
in
pairs
verticillate,
or
solitary,
1-6
mm
basal lateral
twig, (sparsely)
1-3.5
sessile
cm
or
to
long,
with
long, persistent
a
or
C. C.
Ficus
Berg:
caducous; receptacle subglobose
or
with
stipe
a
up
to
0.4
times with lateral bracts
unbonate, ostiole 1.5-3
often also
ovoid, when dry 0.6-2.5
displaced apical
mm
bracts
by apical
to
long, receptacle sparsely
cm
-
section
subgenus Pharmacosycea
in diam., ±
bracts?
-,
in diam.,
maturity red,
surrounded
prominent,
rim. Internal bristles absent.
or a
cm
non-stipitate
densely puberulous,
to
at
309
Oreosycea
Tepals
by
to
tuft of hairs and
a
red
apex
some-
convex
to
pink, glabrous.
Stamen 1.
Distribution
Solomon Islands
—
bangara,
Malaita, New
Tetepari,
and Ulawa).
Habitat
Notes
Rendova, San Cristobal, Santa Isabel,
Forest.
—
—
Choiseul, Guadalcanal, Kolom-
(Bougainville,
Georgia, Ranonnga,
1. This
the lamina and
is
species
extremely variable,
the
fig receptacle,
shape
with
as
figs,
denseness of indumentum on the leaves and
length
the
duncle, and the length of the stipe of the receptacle. The
found in material Corner included in F.
in the Solomon
and in F.
bougainvillei
2. The
the
species
usually
the base, the
of the basal bracts and
that does
and that Corner included in F. cristobalensis
found in
as
distinguished
material Corner included in F.
from other
1967: f.
species
the
(sub)scalariform tertiary venation,
pe-
of the variation
extremes
edelfeltii King (a species
novae-georgiae (see Corner,
be
can
the dimensions of
to
particular
are
not
linked
edelfeltii
13, 14, 15,
and
(mostly
as
occur
by
var.
16).
in the Solomon Islands
cordate base of the lamina, the number of lateral veins
the often
12),
Islands!)
intermediates
numerous
regard
of the lamina, in
more
by
than
and/or
densely hairy stipules,
the tuft of hairs around the ostiole.
7. Ficus
Ficus
polyantha
polyantha
Warb.
30; (1967) 81,
near
Ficus
f.
Warb.
(1905) 250;
18.
—
Mandres; Warburg
frondosa
Papua
Trees up
New
to c.
S.
Moore
20871
m
(1935)
Schlechter
193
fide
Diels
Comer
(sub
13769
(holo B), Papua
(1923) 50;
Guinea, Sogere;
40
Diels
Syntypes:
New
186.
(1935)
tall, with buttresses up
to
3.5
chous, distant along the twig; lamina oblong
cm,
surface
to
glabrous,
cuneate,
high.
dull when
dry,
lower surface
the
same
Branchlets
dry
up
to
the midrib;
caducous.
basal bracts 3,
when
stipe
on
1-1.5
1.5
cm
cm
c.
1
474
(not traced),
waxy
drying
apex acuminate
glands
petiole (0.5-)l-3
to
to
slightly inequi-
subacute;
to
10-17
at
upper
pairs,
cm
or
cm
be-
the basal
loosely (sub)scalariform,
in the axils of the basal lateral
long,
almost similar in
in
pairs; peduncle
often ± scattered;
in diam., when fresh 2-2.5
long, receptacle glabrous,
to
terete or
Leaves (sub)disti-
epidermis persistent (or flaking off); stipules
long, persistent,
brown
glabrous, smooth; cystoliths only
Figs axillary, solitary
mm
(1965)
Guinea,
subovate, (5-) 10-28 by (2—)4—10
flat above, lateral veins
almost flat beneath;
twig, glabrous,
long, glabrous,
long;
to
New
thick, solid (or hollow),
distinct, tertiary venation reticulate, in large leaves
not
smaller veins
veins, often partly
on
to
margin entire, flat,
neath; midrib slightly prominent
the
m
mm
(almost) symmetric, coriaceous, drying brown, base equilateral
lateral, rounded
pair
H.O. Forbes
Type:
yellowish appressed-puberulous.
or
Comer
Ralum.
Guinea,
—
Blume);
destroyed?), Papua
n.v,
(1965).
blackish, (always?) drooping. Leafy twigs 2-4
slightly compressed, glabrous
Ficus subulata
(B
in diam.,
length
1-3
cm
0.2-0.6
cm
receptacle subglobose,
non-stipitate
maturity yellow,
apex
or
convex,
with
a
ostiole
310
Fig.
BLUMEA
4. Ficus setulosa
C.C.
Berg ( Gafui
Vol.
et
47,
al. BSIP
No.
2,
2002
18673, L),
Solomon
Islands,
Choiseul.
C. C.
1-1.5
c.
in diam.,
mm
Stamens 1
glabrous.
Distribution
—
Ficus
Berg:
flat
sunken. Internal bristles absent.
slightly
or
Note
scattered
8. Ficus
New Guinea, and Solomon Islands
Philippines, Moluccas,
The
figs
the
along
Central
Trees up
to
18
c.
2-3
Berg,
affinis
Typus:
Choiseul,
Leafy twigs
Leaves in
—
in
e.g.
laminae
al.
et
Fig.
—
tall, with buttresses up
m
tertiaria
retuculata,
Solomon
(holo L; K),
basi
cuneata
North
Islands,
1.5
to
Branchlets
high.
m
distant
along
the
twig;
lamina
oblong,
6-15
2.5-6
by
slightly inequilateral,
cm,
or
glabrous,
dull when
also the lateral veins, smooth;
dry,
lower surface
sparsely puberulous
above, lateral veins 10-17 pairs, the basal pair hardly
reticulate to
waxy
largely parallel
length
on
the
same
1-2
flaking off; stipules
cm
(at
the base
or
at
±
maturity
caducous.
somewhere else
or
Notes
—
—
1.
pseudojaca
the
cuneate
cm
the
on
Figs axillary,
peduncle?)
apex
Solomon Islands
—
The
on
in
the
(?),
basal bracts
mm
densely
a
puberulous
umbonate, ostiole
slightly
0.5
c.
to
c.
2
epidermis
twig, densely
same
pairs, sessile;
none
in diam., with
long,
per-
brownish
subtomentose,
mm
in diam.,
hairy. Tepals red, glabrous.
(Choiseul).
presence
of internal bristles, bristles
leafy twigs
and
petioles,
base of the lamina and the
Home
ex
Home 516
ex
Baker
var.
(1883) 372;
Rabi
robusta Corner
Mt
the
pedicels,
species
1970: 390, f.
reticulate
exceptional
and the dense
3).
tertiary
in the
is related
to
It is distinct in
venation.
subgenus.
Baker
(holo K), Fiji,
Hebrides, Taveuni,
essentially
be absent is
can
on
indicate that this
Corner from New Guinea (see Corner,
Ficus smithii Baker
New
almost sim-
Forest.
9. Ficus smithii Home
Type:
to
cm
or
brownish
long, receptacle
convex
2. The fact that basal bracts
Ficus smithii
long,
cm
1.
indumentum on the
F.
0.5-1
length
Internal bristles abundant, brown. Pedicels
Distribution
Habitat
(?),
green
prominent.
Stamens 2
0.2-0.4
the midrib
distinct, tertiary venation
or not
petiole
almost similar in
long,
sistent; receptacle ellipsoid, when dry 0.6-0.9
puberulous stipe
margin
obtuse;
slightly impressed
twig, densely yellowish appressed-puberulous,
yellowish appressed-puberulous,
1
on
to
the lateral veins, the smaller veins almost flat beneath;
in the axils of the basal lateral veins;
glands
ilar in
to
midrib
cystoliths only beneath;
slightly
cuneate,
entire, ± revolute (towards the base), apex shortly and bluntly (sub)acuminate
upper surface
brown.
drying
thick, hollow, ± angular, densely brownish appressed-puberulous.
coriaceous, drying brown, base
asymmetric,
region.
4
venatione
BSIP 18673
often
1969.
18 Dec.
mm
spirals,
nov.
spec.
Gafui
/.
more
in the Solomon Islands than in the Malesian
peduncle
pseudojacae
distincta.
(Bougain-
Malaita, Malaupaina, Santa Isabel).
smaller, the peduncle shorter, and the basal bracts
are
setulosa C.C.
Fico
red,
Tepals
Forest.
—
—
311
Oreosycea
2.
or
ville, Big Nggela, Guadalcanal, Kolombangara,
Habitat
section
subgenus Pharmacosycea
Corner
Island,
(1960)
Manuka,
E of
(1965) 34; (1970) 387;
March
414.
—
Wairiki,
A.C. Sm.
(1981)
177.
—
1878.
Type:
A. C. Smith< 8339
3-14
Aug.
1953.
(holo CGE
n.v.;
L),
BLUMEA
312
to
Trees up
30
thick, hollow
Branchlets
elliptic
on
late
on
the
1-2
stipules
solitary
a
along
or
apex
mm
stipe
to
ostiole
c.
1
Tepals
reddish
Habitat
—
long
cm
0.8-1.3
or
to
distally;
—
to
rounded (to
narrowly
rounded;
to
upper
(very) sparsely appressed-puberulous
midrib almost flat above,
petiole (0.5-)l-3.5
to
venation reticu-
slightly prominent
Stamen
to
cm
±
long,
varying
in
epidermis flaking off;
subsericeous, caducous. Figs axillary,
basal bracts 3,
long;
cm
when
absent, receptacle glabrous,
pink, glabrous.
to
Distribution
clustered
clearly
white appressed-puberulous,
twig, sparsely
in diam.,
mm
mm
the lateral veins, the smaller veins almost flat beneath; waxy
pairs; peduncle
0.2
+
acuminate
bluntly
long, persistent; receptacle subglobose,
to
up
twig
to
(7—)9—12(—14) pairs, tertiary
long, appressed-puberulous
cm
2.5-4
greyish. Leafy twigs
base obtuse
and
lower surface
dry,
the apex, lateral veins
same
in
the
yellowish,
shortly
in the axils of the basal lateral veins;
glands
length
to
glabrous, smooth; cystoliths only beneath;
to
largely parallel
to
0.5-1
dull when
reaching
not
to
drying greenish
glabrous,
the midrib
often
distant
spirals,
truncate), margin entire, flat,
surface
brown
drying
2002
2,
oblong (to oblanceolate), (5—)8—22 by (2.5-)4.5-10cm, symmetric,
to
subcoriaceous,
No.
47,
solid, ± angular, (very) sparsely and minutely white puberulous
or
Leaves in
subglabrous.
lamina
tall.
m
Vol.
slightly
dry
at
(almost) verticillate,
0.6-1
cm
in diam., with
maturity red,
convex,
apex
sunken. Internal bristles absent.
1
.
New Hebrides
(Aneityum)
and
Fiji.
Forest,
10. Ficus subtrinervia Lauterb. & K. Schum.
Ficus
subtrinervia
Ficus
mangiferifolia
—
Ficus
f.
Ficus
Lauterb.
Lauterbach
Type:
Type:
—
Type:
1824.
Ficus saxicola
25 Nov.
man
Ficus
River,
24
Diels
Sept.
Hunsteinspitze,
to
up
spirals
Diels
62.
(1933)
(1929)
147.
to
Diels
(1935)
Guinea, Gori River,
(1901) 275;
New
Diels
Corner
184;
18
(1935) 192;
32.
(1965)
—
1896.
May
Guinea, Finschhafen,
Summerh.
7 Jan.
88.
(1941)
1891.
Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Ralum,
—
Ficus brassii Summerh.
(holo A), Papua
—Type:
20
(1935)
192.
—
New
Brass 699
Guinea,
27
1896.
July
(1929) 146, nom. illeg.,
Lotoki
(holo A), Papua
River,
New
17 June
non
1926.
Guinea, Iawerere,
11
m
Ficus subtrinervia Lauterb. & K. Schum.
Lam
1380
var.
doormaniana
(holo B), Indonesia, Papua, Mamberamo, Door-
1920.
(1935)
Aug.
192.
—
Type:
tall, with buttresses up
1-2
subdistichous,
mm
thick,
distant
obtuse
(almost) equilateral
Ledermann
8249
(holo B), Papua
New
Guinea,
1912.
to
solid
along
lanceolate, (2.5-)8-17by(l-)2-4.5
base
New
(1935) 184; Comer (1960) 412; (1965) 32; (1970) 83,
New
(B), Papua
1660
Diels
Leafy twigs
to
Schum.
(1960) 412. —Type:
behrmanniana
Trees
& K.
Brass
Type:
(1901) 271;
1925.
Comer
blackish.
Schum.
(1905) 242;
s. n.
Summerh.
K.
(holo B), Papua
Summerh.
—
Ficus doormaniana
(Diels)
1487
Warb.
Dahl
aechmophylla
Sabine
&
(holo B), Papua
Lauterb.
Lauterbach
pachystemon
19.
2172
the
or
1
m
twig
or
cm, (almost)
to cuneate
high.
Branchlets
hollow, ± angular,
slightly
drying
glabrous.
clustered
brown
to
Leaves in
distally;
lamina
symmetric, coriaceous, drying brown,
margin entire,
± revolute, apex subacuminate
subacute; upper surface glabrous, dull when dry, lower surface glabrous, smooth;
cystoliths only beneath;
the basal
tertiary
pair departing
venation
midrib almost flat above, lateral veins 9-16
from the midrib in
largely parallel
to
acute
the lateral
angles,
the others
veins, creating
at
1-3
pairs,
angles
those of
up
secondary
to
80°,
lateral
C. C.
Berg:
veins in between the
veins flat
major
off
ones,
flaking
long,
cm
often
almost similar in
caducous.
red, apex
maturity
at
convex,
Internal bristles absent.
prominent.
Distribution
—
length
313
Oreosycea
'marginal' vein,
in
when
the smaller
same
twig, glabrous, epi-
to
sparsely yellowish
pairs, sessile; basal bracts 3, 1-1.5
dry
ostiole
the
on
long, densely
cm
Figs axillary,
long, persistent; receptacle subglobose,
glabrous,
into the
running
later; stipules 1-2
sooner or
appressed-puberulous,
mm
section
subgenus Pharmacosycea
slightly prominent beneath; waxy glands in the axils of the basal lateral
to
veins; petiole 0.5-1
dermis
Ficus
c.
1
c.
0.6
cm
in diam.,
in
diam., mostly slightly
mm
non-stipitate,
Stamen 1.
Tepals red(dish), glabrous.
New Guinea and Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal, Malaita, and Santa
Isabel).
Habitat
Note
Forest.
—
species
The
—
form with small
in the Solomon Islands
represented
is
by
a
narrow-leaved
figs.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The
author is indebted
to Dr.
J.F.
for
Veldkamp (Leiden)
translating
the
diagnoses
into Latin.
REFERENCES
J.G.
Baker,
1883. Recent
additions
to
our
knowledge
of the flora
of
Fiji.
J. Linn.
Soc.
20:
358
—
373.
1960. Taxonomic notes
Comer,E.J.H.
cosycea
Corner,
E.J.H.
Bull.
Comer,
Diels,
18:
Philos.
Linn., Asia
Ficus
on
and Australasia. II.
the Solomon
Linn.,
Asia
and Australasia.
Addendum.
Gard.
keys
to identification.
Gard
Islands
and its
bearing
on
the Post-Jurassic
history
of
23-159.
subg. Pharmacosycea
1975. New taxa
1935. Die
G.
Moraceen
1786. Florulae
1923.
with reference to the
species
of New
Caledonia.
2. Blumea
Bot. Jahrb.
Syst.
Insularum Australium Prodromus.
Schutzgebiete
22: 299-309.
67:
J.C.
171-235.
Dieterich, Gottingen.
1901. Moraceae. In: K.M. Schumann
Siidsee:
Monochlamydeae.
1981. Flora Vitiensis
Summerhayes,
V.S.
1929.
Ficus
L.J. Brass. J. Arnold Arbor.
Summerhayes,
collected in
14:
(Moraceae)
Papuasien.
265-289.
In: A.B.
Gebr.
Rendle, Dr.
& C. A.G.
Lauterbach,
Borntraeger, Leipzig.
H.O. Forbes's New Guinea
plants.
J. Bot
1-64.
61, Suppl.:
Smith, A.C.
of Ficus
von
A.G. & K.M. Schumann.
Flora deutschen
Arbor.
Pharma-
Trans. B. 259: 383-433.
E.J.H.
Moore, S.
Subgenus
17: 405-415.
1-186.
Trans. B 253:
E.J.H. 1970. Ficus
Lauterbach, C.
V.S.
the
Nova 2. Pacific
species
10:
of
Botanic
for the Arnold
Garden, Lawai, Kauai,
Arboretum
in
New
Hawaii.
Guinea
by
142-156.
1933. Moraceae.
Territory
Tropical
collected
In: A.
Rendle, A supplement to
Papua (British
New
Guinea)
in
C.T.
1925-26
White, "Ligneous plants
by
L.J. Brass". J. Arnold
62-67.
Summerhayes,
22:
Ficus
83-97.
1967. Ficus in
E.J.H.
L.
Forster,
Taxonomic notes
Straits Settlem. 21:
Philos.
Corner,
on
Straits Settlem.
E.J.H. 1965. Check-list of Ficus in Asia and Australasia with
Melanesia.
Corner,
1961.
Straits Settlem.
Bull.
Corner,
Gard. Bull.
Miq.
V.S.
1941. Additions to
our
knowledge
of the
figs
of New Guinea. J. Arnold Arbor.
81-109.
Warburg,
O.
1905. Ficus. In: K.M.
Schutzgebiete
Siidsee:
241-251.
Schumann & C.A.G.
Gebr.
Lauterbach, Nachtrage
Borntraeger, Leipzig.
Flora
deutschen
BLUMEA
314
Vol.
No.
47,
Identification
1.
5b.
F.
F. granatum
6.
F.
3.
F. hombroniana
7.
F.
4.
F. illiberalis
8.
F.
setulosa
5.
F.
9.
F.
smithii
5
F.
1660:
a.
magwana
magwana
6 —Buwalda
3719:
Wee-Lek
Cottle
9558:
9
15131:
Degener
110:
2:
7747:
2;
20:
6;
Cowmeadow
—
polyantha
7844:
6;
1
subtrinervia
Boraule et al. BSIP 9282:
—
et al. BSIP 6919:
6923:
1;
7174:
6;
1
5a;
Brass 699:
—
7185:
6;
7483:
136: 2
Corner
—
167:
4;
1172:
6;
et al. BSIP 4789:
BSIP 4405:
1174:
6;
7;
7;
NGF 13559:
2656:
6155:
6;
13568:
6;
6180:
3;
6
6;
—
5a.
15621: 9.
9;
13500:
Gafuietal. BSIP 7524:
10845:
6;
12525:
17255:
6;
17279:
—
112:
2;
RSS
1;
Fa'arodo et al. BSIP
18782: 6
5a;
Burn-Murdoch
—
maragona
novae-georgiae
10. F.
magwana
subsp.
magwana
3.
RSNH
13573:
6;
3
subsp.
6635:
10;
28598:
13570:
list
F. bubulia
10;
Chew
2002
2.
Beer et al. BSIP 6602:
10;
2,
3;
15219:
6;
7;
7;
Green RSNH
8444:
18427:
1132:
9;
Forster
—
6;
15346:
6;
17486:
3;
13711:3
10;
8404:
8711:
16268:
1;
248b:
7;
8971:
16433:
7;
18539:
6;
2.
8861:
3;
6;
10;
18652:
6;
9422:
16443:
18673:
6;
9441:
4;
16819:
6;
1;
10163:
5a;
16901:
1;
6;
18738:
7;
18695:
8;
6;
1286: 2.
Home 516: 9.
324:
Kajewski
Lam 1380:
3463:
10
BSIP 5983:
6;
3;
11491:
5a;
13734:
3;
14384:
6;
16965:
5a;
17674:
Piaito BSIP 7060:
Runikera
19701:
BSIP 9855:
Snyder
Teona
1
—
1452:
5656:
20859:
5a;
6;
6032:
5a;
6;
11634:
5a;
5a;
14501:
6;
17738:
10568:
1
—
6472:
5b;
6;
6
17755:
10669:
Schlechter
Smith 5357:
5a
10
Kotali et al. BSIP 11165: 5a.
—
—
Ledermann
8249:
10
Lipaqeto [et al.]
—
BSIP
—
Mauriasi
11811:
15586:
3;
et
6;
18008:
al. BSIP 7587:
12496:
10;
15873:
3;
18011:
6;
6;
7
5a;
13462:
15948:
—
6;
6;
8500:
13565:
16005:
Melville
et
9557:
6;
13644:
3;
4;
6;
6;
16723:
al. 7047:
5b;
9.
6;
10932:
13769: 7
9; 5879:9;
—
12709:
6,
1
Schodde et al. 3603:
5952:
9;
5995:
9; 8339:9;
6;
4065: 6
8497:
9;
—
Sirutet'e et al.
8709:
9;
9162: 9
—
3.
6.
10;
1547:
2172:
11547:
14415:
3;
BSIP 4481:
BSIP 6203:
Warburg
10;
5b.
et al. BSIP
NGF
1487:
3.
11363:
Sayers
Kere BSIP 6189:
—
Lauterbach
3483:
1;
Maenu'u
2419: 7
2;
—
20871:7
—
5a; 1627: 5b;
RSS 6199:
6.
Waterhouse B286a:
1887:
5a; 2721:7;
7
—
2785:
Whitmore
6;
2908:
[et
5a;
al.
BSIP]
3577:
5a;
699:
3848:
6;
7;
1275:
4412:
6;
5a;