DO NOW:
The ability to organize information in a logical
way is a valuable skill. Have you ever noticed the
way shoeboxes are arranged in a shoe store?
Sometimes the shoeboxes are separated into a
series of vertical stacks (or columns) by style.
Within each stack, the shoes are arranged by size.
n  How
is this system of organizing shoes useful?
n  Think
of other examples of how information is
organized.
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
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PRETEST
n  Which
of the following is a symbol for
an element?
A. Aluminum
B. Al
C. al
D. AL
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
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PRETEST
n  Which
of the following is a symbol for
an element?
A. Aluminum
B. Al
C. al
D. AL
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
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PRETEST
n  Is
flammability a physical property or a
chemical property?
Answer:
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
4
PRETEST
n  Is
flammability a physical property or a
chemical property?
Answer:
A chemical property.
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
5
PRETEST
What happens to the composition of
matter during a physical change?
Answer:
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
6
PRETEST
What happens to the composition of
matter during a physical change?
Answer:
It remains the same.
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
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PRETEST
n  What
does the atomic number of an
element represent?
Answer:
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
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PRETEST
n  What
does the atomic number of an
element represent?
Answer: It represents the number of
protons in an atom of the element.
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
9
PRETEST
n  Different
isotopes of an elements have
different numbers of
A. neutrons
B. electrons
C. protons
D. nuclei
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
10
PRETEST
n  Different
isotopes of an elements have
different numbers of
A. neutrons
B. electrons
C. protons
D. nuclei
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
11
PRETEST
n  True
or False: Electrons in atoms
occupy orbitals in energy levels.
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
12
PRETEST
n  True
or False: Electrons in atoms
occupy orbitals in energy levels.
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
13
PRETEST
n  Which
element is more reactive,
oxygen or nitrogen.
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
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PRETEST
n  Which
element is more reactive,
oxygen or nitrogen.
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
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FOR ANY ELEMENT:
n  #
of Protons = Atomic #
n  # of Electrons = # of Protons = Atomic #
n  # of Neutrons = Mass # - Atomic #
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
16
CHAPTER 5:
THE PERIODIC TABLE OF
ELEMENTS
5.1 ORGANIZING THE ELEMENTS
5.2
MODERN PERIODIC TABLE
5.3 REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
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5.1 ORGANIZING THE ELEMENTS
n 
Vocabulary: Periodic Table
n 
Objectives:
n  Describe how Mendeleev arranged the
elements in his table.
n  Explain how the predictions Mendeleev
made and the discovery of new elements
demonstrated the usefulness of the
periodic table.
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
18
THE SEARCH FOR ORDER
n 
1750 - only 17 elements identified
n 
Investigate materials in systematic way à
discovery rate increased
n 
# of known elements grew à had to organize
into groups based on properties
n 
Problem: How should elements be organized?
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
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THE SEARCH FOR ORDER
n 
n 
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Antoine Lavoisier (la vwah zee ay)
n  Grouped known elements into
4 categories:
1.  metals
2.  nonmetals
3.  gases
4.  earths
Looked for different ways to classify elements à
no classification system worked for all elements
Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
20
THE SEARCH FOR ORDER
n 
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Dmitri Mendeleev
n 
Russian chemist & teacher
n 
Successfully discovered
method for organizing the
elements.
Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
21
MENDELEEV S PERIODIC TABLE
n 
1860s - chemistry textbook
n  How to describe 63 elements
& organize information?
n 
Figured out way to approach
problem while playing a version
of solitaire card game.
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
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MENDELEEV S PROPOSAL
n 
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Modeled after card game
n  element deck of cards
n  name, mass, & properties of each
n  noted how each behaved in reactions
with O & H
n  arranged in order of increasing mass à
pattern emerged
Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
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MENDELEEV S PROPOSAL
n 
Mendeleev arranged elements into rows in order
of increasing mass so that elements with similar
properties were in same column
n 
periodic table - arrangement of elements in
columns, based on set of properties that repeat
from row to row
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
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MENDELEEV S
TABLE OF ELEMENTS (1872)
Mendeleev placed elements in groups based on
compounds they formed with oxygen or hydrogen.
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
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MENDELEEV S PREDICTION
n 
Couldn t make complete table.
n  Not all elements discovered yet
n  Left spaces for gaps in pattern of masses &
properties.
n  Confident gaps would be filled by new
elements.
n 
Offered best explanation for how properties of
elements were related to location in table.
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
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MENDELEEV S PREDICTION
n 
Scientific model (like PT) used to make
accurate predictions à good indicator model
is correct
n 
Used properties of elements located near
blank spaces to predict properties for
undiscovered elements.
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
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EVIDENCE SUPPORTING
MENDELEEV S TABLE
n 
n 
n 
Eka-aluminum
n  Eka – Sanskrit meaning one
n  Belonged 1 space below aluminum
3
n  Prediction - soft metal w/ low MP & 5.9 g/cm density
Gallium (Ga)
n  Discovered in 1875
n  Soft metal w/ MP of 29.7°C & density
of 5.91 g/cm3
n  Properties very similar to predicted
properties of eka-aluminum à same element
Discovery of scandium (Sc) in 1879 & germanium (Ge) in
1886 provided more evidence.
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
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EVIDENCE SUPPORTING
MENDELEEV S TABLE
n 
Close match between Mendeleev s
predictions & actual properties of new
elements showed how useful his periodic
table could be.
n 
With periodic table, could do more than
predict properties of elements. Could also
explain the chemical behavior of different
groups of elements.
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
29
REVIEW QUESTIONS
n 
How did Mendeleev organize the elements in his
periodic table?
Answer: In rows in order of increasing mass so
that elements with similar properties were in the
same column.
n 
What evidence helped verify the usefulness of
Mendeleev s table?
Answer: the close match between Mendeleev s
predictions and the actual properties of new
elements showed how useful the periodic table
could be.
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
30
REVIEW QUESTIONS
n 
How did Mendeleev organize the elements in his
periodic table?
Answer: In rows in order of increasing mass so
that elements with similar properties were in the
same column.
n 
What evidence helped verify the usefulness of
Mendeleev s table?
Answer: the close match between Mendeleev s
predictions and the actual properties of new
elements showed how useful the periodic table
could be.
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
31
SUMMARIZING
TOPIC
MAIN IDEA
MENDELEEV S
PROPOSAL
MENDELEEV S
PREDICTION
EVIDENCE
SUPPORTING
MENDELEEV S TABLE
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
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SUMMARIZING
TOPIC
MAIN IDEA
MENDELEEV S
PROPOSAL
Mendeleev arranged the elements in
order of increasing mass so that
elements with similar properties were
in the same column.
MENDELEEV S
PREDICTION
Mendeleev used the properties of
existing elements to predict properties
of undiscovered elements.
EVIDENCE
SUPPORTING
MENDELEEV S TABLE
The close match between
Mendeleev s predictions and the
actual properties of new elements
showed how useful his periodic table
could be.
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Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
33