I N T E R A C T I V E
S T U D E N T
N O T E B O O K
The Cold War
How did rivalry between the United States and the Soviet
Union shape the world in the years after World War II?
P R E V I E W
As your teacher projects each image, answer the questions below.
Image 1:
• Describe the expressions on the three leaders’ faces. How do you think they feel about each
other?
• Do you think the countries these men led were allies or rivals?
Image 2:
• Who is this man? Where have you seen this face before?
• What does the octopus represent?
• Does this cartoon reflect a positive or negative view of communism? How can you tell?
• Do you think the United States and the Soviet Union saw each other as allies or enemies
when this cartoon was created?
Images 1 and 2
• What do these images reflect about how the relationship between the United States and the
Soviet Union changed?
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The Cold War 1
I N T E R A C T I V E
S T U D E N T
N O T E B O O K
R E A D I N G
N O T E S
Key Content Terms
As you complete the Reading Notes, use these terms in your answers.
United Nations
containment
blacklist
capitalism
Marshall Plan
arms race
communism
Cold War
proxy war
Section 2
1. What was communism, as defined by Karl Marx?
2. How did the Bolsheviks change communism when they put it into practice in the Soviet Union?
Complete the following similes. Use the suggestions provided or make up your own comparison.
3. The U.S. policy of containment could be compared to
because . . .
(ex: trying to stop a river from overflowing its banks)
4. The Marshall Plan could be compared to
because . . .
(ex: one friend helping another up after he has tripped)
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The Cold War 2
I N T E R A C T I V E
S T U D E N T
N O T E B O O K
A
Divided
Europe, 1955
Section
3
50°
N
NETH.
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
BELG.
LUX.
GA
RTU
PO
40°N
L
FRANCE
10°W
SPAIN
Sea
0
B
250
250
500 km
N
WEST
CZECH.
GERMANY
10°E
500 mi.
SOVIET UNION
EAST
GERMANY
POLAND
E
W
SWITZ. AUSTRIA HUNGARY
ROMANIA
YU
ITALY
G
Ad
OS
LA
ri
at
VI BULGARIA
A
ic
Se
a ALB.
0°
0
tic
North
Sea
UNITED
DENMARK
IRELANDKINGDOM
FINLAND
al
60°N
NO
RW
A
Y
Nonmembers
SW
E
Warsaw Pact members
DEN
NATO members
S
Caspian
Sea
Black Sea
TURKEY
GREECE
20°E
Mediterranean Sea
30°E
1. Complete this map of Cold War alliances by coloring in the nations of each alliance. Choose
one color for the members of NATO, another color for members of the Warsaw Pact, and a
third
TCI7
87color for nonmembers. Be sure to complete the legend as well.
A Divided Europe
2. USH_SE_39-2B
Complete the following T-chart. On the left side, list at least two actions the Soviets took in
the German
city ofYellow
Berlin. On the right side, list how the United States responded to each of
Black
Cyan Magenta
Second
Proof
the actions.
Soviet Actions
U.S. Reactions
3. Why was the ratification of the NATO treaty a big step for the United States?
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The Cold War 3
I N T E R A C T I V E
S T U D E N T
N O T E B O O K
Section 4
1. What event marked the beginning of the Atomic Age?
2. How did Ethel and Julius Rosenberg contribute to Americans’ fears about the Soviet Union?
In the boxes, list some of the effects of the following Cold War events.
Cause
Effect
3.
Congress suspected there
was communist influence
in the film industry.
Cause
Effect
4.
Senator Joseph McCarthy
accused Americans of
being communists.
Cause
Effect
5.
Americans feared
nuclear attack.
Section 5
1. What were President Eisenhower’s views about the military-industrial complex?
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The Cold War 4
I N T E R A C T I V E
S T U D E N T
N O T E B O O K
2. Why did the United States adopt the military policy of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)?
3. Complete the following simile. Use the suggestion provided or make up your own comparison.
The U.S.-Soviet arms race was like
because . . .
(ex: two friends competing to create the best baseball card collection)
Section 6
1. What is a proxy war?
2. Complete the following table.
Conflict
Soviet influence
U.S. influence
Results
Korean War
Cuban Missile
Crisis
Vietnam War
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The Cold War 5
I N T E R A C T I V E
S T U D E N T
N O T E B O O K
Section 7
Place the following events in sequential order by numbering them from 1 to 8.
Boris Yeltsin took power in the Soviet Union.
The Soviet Union ceased to exist.
Bulldozers tore down the Berlin Wall.
Glasnost and perestroika created reform in the Soviet Union.
Communists were officially banned from power in the Soviet Union.
Poland freely elected a noncommunist government.
Mikhail Gorbachev took office in the Soviet Union.
The 15 republics of the USSR declared their independence.
P R O C E S S I N G
You will compare the Cold War to either a football game or two octopuses fighting over food.
To complete the comparison, or simile, follow these steps on a separate sheet of paper:
1. Draw a simple sketch of either a football game or two octopuses
fighting over food.
2. Write this caption beneath the illustration: “The Cold War can
be compared to (your simile choice).”
Word Bank
United States
Soviet Union
3. Label the sketch of the simile using at least six of the terms listed
in the Word Bank. For example, if you compare the Cold War to
a football game, you might label one team “North Atlantic Treaty
Organization” and the other team “Warsaw Pact.”
North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
4. Write this statement below each labeled item: “(Labeled item)
is ________ because . . .” For example, you might say, “The North
Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Warsaw Pact are competing
teams at a football game because they both wanted to prevent their
opponents from gaining territory.”
Korean War
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Warsaw Pact
Berlin Blockade
Cuban Revolution
Vietnam War
Cuban Missile Crisis
Fall of the Soviet Union
The Cold War 6
I N T E R A C T I V E
S T U D E N T
N O T E B O O K
R E A D I N G
F U R T H E R
Preparing to Write: Analyzing Primary Sources
The launch of the Sputnik satellite on October 6, 1957, was a source of great concern for the
Eisenhower administration. The government immediately set out to investigate the impact of
Sputnik on national and world opinion.
Suppose you are an adviser to President Eisenhower. It is October 15, 1957, less than two weeks
after Sputnik’s launch. You have just received the following classified, or secret, memo about the
impact of Sputnik. (Note that this is the text of a real classified memo.)
Read the memo carefully and answer the questions that follow.
CONFIDENTIAL
October 15, 1957
Reaction to the Soviet Satellite: A Preliminary Evaluation
One week after the USSR announced it had launched an earth
satellite, a number of broad major effects on world public opinion
appeared clear:
1. Soviet claims of scientific and technological superiority over the
West and especially over the U.S. have won greatly widened acceptance.
2. American prestige is viewed as having sustained a sever blow, and
the American reaction, so sharply marked by concern, discomfort,
and intense interest, has itself increased the disquiet of friendly
countries and increased the impact of the satellite . . .
3. The Soviet satellite supplies an opportunity for the USSR to claim
that it has opened a new era, marked by a spectacular overtaking of
the U.S. in a vital area where we have been accustomed to count on
superiority, and now competes with the U.S. as an equal.
1. According to this memo, how did the launch of Sputnik affect the world’s perception of the
Soviet Union?
2. According to this memo, how did the American public react to Sputnik?
3. Why, during the Cold War, would the United States be concerned about how it was perceived
by other countries?
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The Cold War 7
I N T E R A C T I V E
S T U D E N T
N O T E B O O K
Writing an Analytical Memo
Write a short memo to President Eisenhower. Use the information you have learned from
both the memo and the Reading Further text to advise him what to do in response to Sputnik.
Be sure to address each of the following points in your memo, and remember that this
information is confidential!
• What should President Eisenhower say to the American people about Sputnik?
• What should President Eisenhower say to the rest of the world?
• What should President Eisenhower do to make sure the United States does not fall behind
the Soviet Union in science and technology?
• What should President Eisenhower do to make sure the United States does not fall behind
the Soviet Union in the space race?
CONFIDENTIAL
October 15, 1957
Attention President Eisenhower:
Based on the preliminary study we have conducted on the impact of the
Sputnik satellite, I would like to offer you some advice . . .
Use this rubric to evaluate your memo. Make changes in your memo if you need to.
Score
Description
3
The memo has convincing descriptions and arguments and responds to all of the bulleted prompts. There are no spelling or grammar errors.
2
The memo has descriptions and arguments and responds to some of the bulleted
prompts. There are some spelling or grammar errors.
1
The memo does not have descriptions or arguments, and does not respond to the bulleted prompts. There are many spelling or grammar errors.
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The Cold War 8