CHEMICAL BONDS HOLD COMPOUNDS TOGETHER.
SECTION
2.2
Challenge and Extension
BIG IDEA The properties
of compounds depend on their atoms and chemical bonds.
KEY CONCEPT Chemical
bonds hold compounds together.
are familiar with CO2, carbon dioxide. Why isn’t
this compound just named carbon oxide? The system used to name ionic compounds
cannot be used on all compounds, especially those containing only nonmetals.
Nonmetals frequently will form more than one compound with other nonmetals. The
Naming Nonmetallic Compounds You
1. What
is the formula for carbon
tetrachloride? ____________
Number of Atoms
Prefix
1
mono-
2
di-
3
4
tritetra-
5
penta-
6
7
hexahepta-
8
octa-
9
nona-
10
deca-
2.
Phosphorus and oxygen form P2O3 and P2O5. What are the names of these compounds?
3.
Frequently, NO2, SO2, and SO3 are produced when fossil fuels burn. They react
with water in the air, forming acid rain. Name these three compounds.
4.
Silicon and oxygen are the two most abundant elements on Earth, and they exist
together in sand, which is silicon dioxide. What is the formula for silicon dioxide?
5.
Common compounds often have common names. For example, H2O is known as
water. What is the scientific name of this compound?
90 CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS, CHAPTER 2, CHALLENGE AND EXTENSION
Copyright © by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
Compound
s
• As with ionic compounds, name the first element.
Then use the root of the second element with the
suffix -ide.
• Use the prefixes from the table to show how many
atoms of each element are in the compound. One
exception to this rule is that mono- is not used to
show one atom of the first element. Also, if the
name of the element starts with a vowel and the
last letter of the prefix is an o or an a, the last
letter of the prefix is dropped. Thus, CO is carbon
monoxide, not monocarbon monooxide.
Chemical Bonds and
CHAPTER 2
nonmetals carbon and oxygen form CO2, but they also form CO. Both compounds
contain only carbon and oxygen, and so there must be some way of distinguishing
between them. Use the following rules for naming compounds formed from nonmetals:
S
E
C
T
I
O
N
CHEMICAL BONDS HOLD COMPOUNDS TOGETHER.
2.2
Challenge and Extension
BIG IDEA The properties
of compounds depend on their atoms and chemical bonds.
KEY CONCEPT Chemical
bonds hold compounds together.
are familiar with CO2, carbon dioxide. Why isn’t
this compound just named carbon oxide? The system used to name ionic compounds
cannot be used on all compounds, especially those containing only nonmetals.
Nonmetals frequently will form more than one compound with other nonmetals. The
Naming Nonmetallic Compounds You
1. What
is the formula for carbon
CF4
tetrachloride? ____________
2.
Number of Atoms
Prefix
1
mono-
2
di-
3
4
tritetra-
5
penta-
6
7
hexahepta-
8
octa-
9
nona-
10
deca-
Phosphorus and oxygen form P2O3 and P2O5. What are the names of these compounds?
Diphosphorus trioxide and Diphosphorus pentaoxide
3.
Frequently, NO2, SO2, and SO3 are produced when fossil fuels burn. They react
with water in the air, forming acid rain. Name these three compounds.
Nitrogen dioxide, Sulfur dioxide, and Sulfur trioxide
4.
Silicon and oxygen are the two most abundant elements on Earth, and they exist
together in sand, which is silicon dioxide. What is the formula for silicon dioxide?
SiO2
5.
Common compounds often have common names. For example, H2O is known as
water. What is the scientific name of this compound?
Dihydrogen monoxide
90 CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS, CHAPTER 2, CHALLENGE AND EXTENSION
Copyright © by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
Compound
s
• As with ionic compounds, name the first element.
Then use the root of the second element with the
suffix -ide.
• Use the prefixes from the table to show how many
atoms of each element are in the compound. One
exception to this rule is that mono- is not used to
show one atom of the first element. Also, if the
name of the element starts with a vowel and the
last letter of the prefix is an o or an a, the last
letter of the prefix is dropped. Thus, CO is carbon
monoxide, not monocarbon monooxide.
Chemical Bonds and
CHAPTER 2
nonmetals carbon and oxygen form CO2, but they also form CO. Both compounds
contain only carbon and oxygen, and so there must be some way of distinguishing
between them. Use the following rules for naming compounds formed from nonmetals: