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AQA Level 1/2 Certificate
June 2013
Physics
1
2
8403/1
3
4
5
Paper 1
Thursday 23 May 2013
Mark
6
9.00 am to 10.30 am
7
For this paper you must have:
 a ruler
 a calculator
 the Physics Equations Sheet (enclosed).
8
9
TOTAL
Time allowed
 1 hour 30 minutes
Instructions
 Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
 Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
 Answer all questions.
 You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page or on blank pages.
 Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked.
Information
 The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
 The maximum mark for this paper is 90.
 You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
 You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in
your answers.
 Question 6(a)(ii) should be answered in continuous prose.
In this question you will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
 In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.
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Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
1
Some students fill an empty plastic bottle with water.
The weight of the water in the bottle is 24 N and the cross-sectional area of the bottom
of the bottle is 0.008 m2.
1 (a)
Calculate the pressure of the water on the bottom of the bottle and give the unit.
Use the correct equation from Section A of the Physics Equations Sheet.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Pressure = ........................................
(3 marks)
1 (b)
The students made four holes in the bottle along a vertical line.
They put the bottle in a sink. They used water from a tap to keep the bottle filled to the
top.
Tap
Bottle
Sink
18 cm
20 cm
The students measured and recorded the vertical heights of the holes above the sink.
They also measured the horizontal distances the water landed away from the bottle.
A pair of measurements for one of the holes is shown in the diagram.
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The complete data from the experiment is shown in the table.
1 (b) (i)
Hole
Vertical height
in cm
Horizontal distance
in cm
J
24
15
K
18
20
L
12
30
M
6
40
Which hole is shown in the diagram?
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
J
K
L
(1 mark)
1 (b) (ii) On the diagram, draw the path of the water coming out of hole M.
Use the information in the table to help you.
(2 marks)
1 (c)
Suggest one problem that might arise from trying to collect data from a fifth hole with a
vertical height of 1 cm above the sink.
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(1 mark)
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2
Forces have different effects.
2 (a) (i)
Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.
slowing
stretching
turning
The moment of a force is the ............................................................... effect of the force.
(1 mark)
2 (a) (ii) What is meant by the centre of mass of an object?
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
2 (b)
Some children build a see-saw using a plank of wood and a pivot.
The centre of mass of the plank is above the pivot.
Figure 1 shows a boy sitting on the see-saw. His weight is 400 N.
Figure 1
1.5 m
Pivot
Calculate the anticlockwise moment of the boy in Nm.
Use the correct equation from Section A of the Physics Equations Sheet.
............................................................................................................................................
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Anticlockwise moment = ........................................ Nm
(2 marks)
Question 2 continues on the next page
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2 (c)
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Figure 2 shows a girl sitting at the opposite end of the see-saw. Her weight is 300 N.
Figure 2
1.5 m
2.0 m
Pivot
The see-saw is now balanced.
The children move the plank. Its centre of mass, M, is now 0.25 m from the pivot as
shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3
1.5 m
2.0 m
0.25 m
M
The boy and girl sit on the see-saw as shown in Figure 3.
2 (c) (i)
Describe and explain the rotation of the see-saw.
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(3 marks)
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2 (c) (ii) The boy gets off the see-saw and a bigger boy gets on it in the same place. The girl
stays in the position shown in Figure 3. The plank is balanced. The weight of the
plank is 270 N.
Calculate the weight of the bigger boy.
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Weight of the bigger boy = ........................................ N
(3 marks)
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3
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The diagram shows a satellite moving in a circular orbit around the Earth.
A
Satellite
D
B
C
Earth
There is a centripetal force acting on the satellite.
3 (a)
Which arrow, A, B, C or D, shows the direction of the centripetal force?
(1 mark)
3 (b)
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.
The speed of the satellite increases. For the satellite to stay in the same orbit
decrease.
the centripetal force on the satellite must
stay the same.
increase.
The radius of the orbit increases. For the satellite to stay at the same speed
decrease.
the centripetal force on the satellite must
stay the same.
increase.
(2 marks)
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3 (c)
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A satellite in a geostationary orbit always stays above the same point on the surface of
the Earth.
These satellites:

are used for communications

are in a fixed orbit at 36 000 km above the surface of the Earth

complete one orbit in 24 hours.
The table shows three geostationary satellites, E, F and G, and their masses.
3 (c) (i)
Satellite
Mass of satellite in kg
Launch date
E
1200
1978
F
1500
1984
G
3500
2011
Describe a pattern shown in the table.
............................................................................................................................................
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(1 mark)
3 (c) (ii) Which satellite has the greatest centripetal force acting on it?
Give a reason for your answer.
............................................................................................................................................
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(2 marks)
3 (c) (iii) Mass is the only thing that affects the force acting on a geostationary satellite.
Explain why.
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(2 marks)
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4 (a)
Human ears can detect a range of sound frequencies.
4 (a) (i)
Use the correct answers from the box to complete the sentence.
2
20
200
2000
20 000
The range of human hearing is from about ...................... Hz to ...................... Hz.
(2 marks)
4 (a) (ii) What is ultrasound?
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
4 (a) (iii) Ultrasound can be used to find the speed of blood flow in an artery.
State one other medical use of ultrasound.
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
4 (b)
The speed of an ultrasound wave in soft tissue in the human body is 1.5  103 m/s and
the frequency of the wave is 2.0  106 Hz.
Calculate the wavelength of the ultrasound wave.
Use the correct equation from Section B of the Physics Equations Sheet.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Wavelength = ........................................ m
(2 marks)
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4 (c)
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When ultrasound is used to find the speed of blood flow in an artery:

an ultrasound transducer is placed on a person’s arm

ultrasound is emitted by the transducer

the ultrasound is reflected from blood cells moving away from the transducer

the reflected ultrasound is detected at the transducer.
Describe the differences between the ultrasound waves emitted by the transducer and
the reflected waves detected at the transducer.
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(2 marks)
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5
Waves may be longitudinal or transverse.
5 (a)
Describe the differences between longitudinal waves and transverse waves.
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(3 marks)
5 (b)
Radio waves are electromagnetic waves.
Describe how radio waves are different from sound waves.
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(4 marks)
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6 (a)
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The diagram shows a section through a human eye.
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
6 (a) (i)
Use words from the box to label the diagram.
Ciliary muscle
Cornea
Iris
Lens
Pupil
Retina
(4 marks)
6 (a) (ii) In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information
clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.
Describe the functions of the ciliary muscle and the iris.
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(6 marks)
6 (b)
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
eyeball being too long.
Long sight can be caused by the
eyeball being too short.
cornea being irregularly shaped.
(1 mark)
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6 (c)
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The diagram shows how a convex lens forms an image of an object.
This diagram is not drawn to scale.
Principal axis
Image
6 (c) (i)
Object
Which two words describe the image?
Draw a ring around each correct answer.
diminished
inverted
magnified
real
upright
(2 marks)
6 (c) (ii) The object is 4 cm from the lens. The lens has a focal length of 12 cm.
Calculate the image distance.
Use the correct equation from Section B of the Physics Equations Sheet.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Image distance = ................................ cm
(3 marks)
6 (d)
What does a minus sign for an image distance tell us about the nature of the image?
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
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7
Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion are two processes that release energy.
7 (a) (i)
Use the correct answer from the box to complete each sentence.
Geiger counter
nuclear reactor
star
Nuclear fission takes place within a ......................................................... .
Nuclear fusion takes place within a ......................................................... .
(2 marks)
7 (a) (ii) State one way in which the process of nuclear fusion differs from the process of
nuclear fission.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
7 (b)
The following nuclear equation represents the fission of uranium-235 (U-235).
1
n
0
235
U
92
236
U
92
141
Ba
56
92
Kr
36
1
30 n
energy
Chemical symbols: Ba - barium
Kr - krypton
7 (b) (i)
Use the information in the equation to describe the process of nuclear fission.
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(4 marks)
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7 (b) (ii) An isotope of barium is Ba-139.
Ba-139 decays by beta decay to lanthanum-139 (La-139).
Complete the nuclear equation that represents the decay of Ba-139 to La-139.
139
........
Ba
139
........
La
........
(3 marks)
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8 (a)
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Some people wear magnetic bracelets to relieve pain.
Figure 1 shows a magnetic bracelet.
There are magnetic poles at both A and B.
Part of the magnetic field pattern between A and B is shown.
Figure 1
A
B
What is the pole at A? ...........................................
What is the pole at B? ...........................................
(1 mark)
8 (b)
Figure 2 shows two of the lines of the magnetic field pattern of a current-carrying wire.
Figure 2
Wire
Magnetic field lines
The direction of the current is reversed.
What happens to the direction of the lines in the magnetic field pattern?
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
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8 (c)
Fleming’s left-hand rule can be used to identify the direction of a force acting on a
current-carrying wire in a magnetic field.
8 (c) (i)
Complete the labels in Figure 3.
Figure 3
Direction of
......................................
Direction of
Direction
of force
......................................
(2 marks)
8 (c) (ii) Figure 4 shows:

the direction of the magnetic field between a pair of magnets

the direction of the current in a wire in the magnetic field.
Figure 4
Wire
Magnet
Magnet
Magnetic field direction
In which direction does the force on the wire act?
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
8 (c) (iii) Suggest three changes that would decrease the force acting on the wire.
1 .........................................................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................................................................
3 .........................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)
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8 (d)
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Figure 5 shows part of a moving-coil ammeter as drawn by a student.
The ammeter consists of a coil placed in a uniform magnetic field.
When there is a current in the coil, the force acting on the coil causes the coil to rotate
and the pointer moves across the scale.
Figure 5
Scale
Pointer
Coil
N
8 (d) (i)
S
S
N
The equipment has not been set up correctly.
What change would make it work?
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
8 (d) (ii) Figure 6 shows the pointer in an ammeter when there is no current.
Figure 6
0.5
0
1.
0
Amps
What type of error does the ammeter have?
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(1 mark)
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9
Solar panels are often seen on the roofs of houses.
9 (a)
Describe the action and purpose of a solar panel.
Do not write
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(2 marks)
9 (b)
Photovoltaic cells transfer light energy to electrical energy.
In the UK, some householders have fitted modules containing photovoltaic cells on the
roofs of their houses.
Four modules are shown in the diagram.
Module containing
photovoltaic cells
The electricity company pays the householder for the energy transferred.
The maximum power available from the photovoltaic cells shown in the diagram is
1.4  103 W.
How long, in minutes, does it take to transfer 168 kJ of energy?
Use the correct equation from Section C of the Physics Equations Sheet.
............................................................................................................................................
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.......................................................................... Time = ........................................ minutes
(3 marks)
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9 (c)
When the modules are fitted on a roof, the householder gets an extra electricity meter
to measure the amount of energy transferred by the photovoltaic cells.
9 (c) (i)
The diagram shows two readings of this electricity meter taken three months apart.
The readings are in kilowatt-hours (kWh).
21 November
0
0
0
4
4
21 February
0
0
1
9
4
Calculate the energy transferred by the photovoltaic cells during this time period.
............................................................................................................................................
Energy transferred = ........................................ kWh
(1 mark)
9 (c) (ii) The electricity company pays 40p for each kWh of energy transferred.
Calculate the money the electricity company would pay the householder.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Money paid = ........................................
(2 marks)
9 (c) (iii) The cost of the four modules is £6000.
Calculate the payback time in years for the modules.
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Payback time = ........................................ years
(3 marks)
9 (c) (iv) State an assumption you have made in your calculation in part (c)(iii).
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(1 mark)
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9 (d)
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In the northern hemisphere, the modules should always face south for the maximum
transfer of energy.
State one other factor that would affect the amount of energy transferred during
daylight hours.
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(1 mark)
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END OF QUESTIONS
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