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Chapter 8 Review Sheet
Light
1. Light is energy that travels in transverse waves.
2. Nothing is faster than light- sunlight from the sun takes less than 8 ½ minutes to travel
150 million kilometers to Earth.
3. On the electromagnetic spectrum we can see only visible light
4. The order of colors that come from a prism are ROY G BIV: Red, Orange, Yellow,
Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet
5. Light does not need a medium through which to move – can travel through empty
space.
6. Light is reflected when it bounces off an object and travels in different directions.
Mirrors reflect light.
7. Light is refracted when it travels through 1 medium to another and is bent. For
example, light in the atmosphere passing through a raindrop (makes a rainbow)
8. Transparent: light passes through – image is clear
9. Translucent: some light passes through – image is blurred
10. Opaque: light will not pass through
11. Concave- lenses spread/ scatter light
12. Convex – lenses focus light
Refraction
Reflection
White Light → Rainbow
Waves There are 5 major parts of a wave: wavelength, amplitude, crest, trough,
and original resting position
Transverse wave:
Compression wave:
Sound
1. Sound is energy produced by vibrations. Each molecule of matter passes the vibration to
the next molecule. Sound travels fastest through solids because the molecules in solids
are closest together.
2. Sounds travels through matter in compression waves. The wavelength of sound is the
distance between two compressions.
3. Sound cannot travel in a vacuum: it must travel through matter: solid, liquid, gas. Matter
sound travels through is called the medium. Sound waves travel slower than light waves.
4. Sound that is bounced off an object is reflected and this creates an echo.
5. When sound waves are trapped or are not able to travel any farther, they are absorbed.
6. The frequency of sound is the number of vibrations in a given unit of time.
7. Pitch is determined by the frequency of a vibrating object. Objects vibrating faster have
a higher pitch than objects vibrating slower. frequency = pitch close waves = high pitch
8. Short pipe or tight strings on instruments = high vibrations
9. Long pipe or loose strings on instruments = low vibrations
10. Volume is measured in decibels. Volume = amplitude
11. Two very special ways of making sounds are Morse code and Sonar
 Morse code is a code that uses short and long taps of a metal transmitter to
represent the letters of the alphabet. It is often used by large boats/ ships.
 Sonar is a system that uses transmitted and reflected sound waves to learn how far
away an object is in the water. This is used by submarines. Bats use it to find food.