SNC 1D – Chemistry
Atoms, Elements and Compounds
Big Ideas:
• Elements and compounds have specific
physical and chemical properties that
determine their practical uses.
• The use of elements and compounds has both
a positive and negative effect on society and
the environment.
How do we get there?
• Learn the appropriate terminology related to
atoms, elements and compounds.
• Experiment on common elements and
compounds to determine their physical and
chemical properties
• Distinguish between common compounds based
solely on the observation of their chemical and
physical properties.
• Do tests to identify some common gases.
• Construct models to represent simple molecules.
Using what foundation?
• The evolution of the atomic model based on
experimentation
• Location and properties of subatomic particles
• Definition of elements and compounds
• Chemical and physical properties of substances
• Bohr-Rutherford diagrams
• Trends on the periodic table based on BohrRutherford diagrams
• Symbols used on the periodic table
Are you ready?
•
From particles to solution
• Learning Goals:
• I will be able to explain the particle theory of
matter.
• I will be able to classify matter using the
terms: pure substance, element compound
mechanical mixture and solution from
particles to solutions element, compound,
mechanical mixture and solution.
MATTER
• Matter is defined as anything that has mass
and takes up space
Particle Theory
#1
All matter is
made of tiny
particles that
have empty
spaces between
them.
Particle Theory
#2
Different
substances are
made of different
kinds of particles
Particle Theory
#3
Particles are in
constant random
motion.
Particle Theory
#4
The particles of a
substance move
faster as the
temperature
increases.
Particle Theory
#5
Particles attract
each other – the
closer together,
the stronger the
attraction.
States of Matter
PROPERTIES
SOLID
STATES OF MATTER
LIQUID
GAS
Weaker than
solids
Weakest
(almost none)
Particle
Arrangement
Forces between
particles
Motion of particles
Shape
Can be
Compressed?
Expansion
(volume) when
heated
Strongest
Particles can
vibrate, but do
not move from
their position
Fixed
shape
No
Expands slightly
Particles move
Particles are able about very fast
to move around
in all directions
No fixed shape;
takes the shape
of container
No (negligible)
Expands more
than solids but
less than gases
No fixed shape;
takes the shape
of container
Yes
Expands more
than solids and
liquids
Changes of State
Evaporation
Condensation
Sublimation
Sublimation
Melting
Freezing
Classification of Matter
Classification of Matter
Matter can be classified into two main categories-pure substances and mixtures - based on what types
of particles make up the matter.
When a substance consists
of only one type of particle,
it is a pure substance.
Examples of pure
substances include distilled
water, carbon dioxide, and
pure iron.
When a substance
consists of more than
one type of particle, it
is a mixture. Examples
of mixtures include
granola bars, orange
juice, tea, and soil.
Classification of Mixtures
Mixtures can be further classified into
mechanical mixtures and solutions
We can visually distinguish
the different substances
in a mechanical mixture.
Examples of mechanical
mixtures include cereal
and Caesar salad.
The different substances in a
solution cannot be visually
distinguished. A solution
looks like a pure substance,
but it is not. Examples of
solutions include apple juice
and non-distilled water.
An alloy is a type of solution in which two or more metals are
mixed together. Examples of alloys include bronze and
stainless steel.
Classify the following as a pure substance,
mechanical mixture or solution:
1. Spicy Salad dressing
____________________
Mechanical mixture
Pure substance
2. Gold bars at Fort Knox
____________________
Solution
3. A glass of KoolAid
____________________
Pure substance
4. Copper wire
____________________
5. A quarter
____________________
Pure substance
Solution
6. A cold drink of iced tea
____________________
Solution
7. Air
____________________
Mechanical mixture
8. Cake mix
____________________
Pure substance
9. Distilled water
____________________
Mechanical mixture
10.A compost pile in the garden ____________________