Describing Matter
Matter- anything that has mass and
takes up space
Unit 2.4
Element vs. Compound
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Element- a substance in which all atoms are
alike
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The periodic table has the complete list of
elements.
Compound- substance in which the atoms of
two or more different elements are combined
in fixed proportions
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Ex. H2O, CH4
Pure Substances

Pure Substance-cannot be broken down into
simpler components and still maintain the
properties it had originally

Either an element or a compound
Elements vs Compounds
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C Element
S8 Element
H2O Compound
Si2 Element
H2O2 Compound
All of the above are pure substances!
Describing Matter
Mixture- made up of two or more pure substances which
can be separated by physical means
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Homogenous- contains two or more pure substances blended
evenly throughout
Heterogeneous- contains two or more pure substances that can be
distinguished from each other
Homogenized Milk
Heterogeneous (Non-Homogenized) Milk
Types of Homogeneous Mixtures
Miscible: describes a homogeneous mixture in which two or
more liquids that can mix with each other

Ex. Orange-Pineapple juice

Solution- homogeneous mixture containing a solute (typically
sugar or salt) dissolved in a solvent (typically water)


Ex. Gatorade
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3 Types of Solutions
Unsaturated solution: a solution capable of dissolving more solute
Saturated solution: a solution that cannot dissolve any more solute
Supersaturated solution: a solution that has more solute dissolved in it
than it can normally hold and the extra solute can easily crystallize or
precipitate out
Video
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Types of Heterogeneous Mixtures
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Immiscible: describes a heterogeneous mixture in which two or more
liquids that don’t mix with each other
Suspension: heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which
visible particles settle out over time
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Ex. dirty water, orange juice with pulp (that’s why you shake it)
Colloid: heterogeneous mixture with large particles that never settle
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Ex. fog, smoke, ink, glue
A test you can run to see if it’s a colloid is to pass a beam of light
through the mixture, if the light is visible, it is a colloid and this is called
the Tyndall Effect
Tyndall Effect
Compare and contrast mixtures and
compounds
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How can you tell the difference between
mixture and compound?

Mixture can be separated physically and keep its
properties


Ex. Salt Water
Compound can only be separated chemically and
does NOT keep its properties

Ex. Water (H2O), by separating the water, you get
hydrogen and oxygen gas which are extremely
flammable together