Station 5
6. Determine the type of bone
Station 6
7. How many bones do adults have? 206
A) 
B) 
Flat
Irregular
C) 
Long
D) 
Short
8. How many ribs do you have? 24
9. Which part of the body has the the highest
number of bones? The hands
Station 7 (use colored pencils provided for #10)
11
10
Parts of the
appendicular skeleton
Parts of the axial skeleton
Shoulder girdle, arms,
hands, pelvic girdle, legs,
feet
Inner ear, skull, hyoid bone,
vertebral column, rib cage
Station 8
12. Label: compact bone / spongy bone / bone
marrow
Station 8 continued (2 of 2)
13. Describe the composition of bone materials (percentages): Bones are 30% living
tissue, 30% water and 40% minerals.
14. What is the function of periosteum? Helps protect and insulate bones.
© 2013 Vanessa Jason Biology Roots www.biology-roots.com
Station 9
Station 10
15. Which part of the bone are Haversian canals
found? Compact bone.
19. Bone marrow is found inside
the bone.
16. What is found within Haversian canals?
Nerves and blood vessels are found in the
Haversian canals.
20. Red and white blood cells are
made in the bone.
Station 12
17. What is the function of red bone marrow? Red
bone marrow makes red and white blood cells.
26. Joints occur wherever two or
more bones meet.
18. What is the protective membrane shown on
the outside of the bone called?
Periosteum (see station 14).
27. What is the function of cartilage?
To act as a shock absorber.
Station 11
21. What type of diseases are bone marrow
transplants used to treat? Cancers, metabolic
diseases, immune-deficiency disease.
22. What are stem cells? Immature cells that can
grow up to become different types of cells.
23. What do stem cells in your bone marrow
eventually become? The stem cells in bone
marrow become blood cells.
24. What is the different between an autologous
and allogeneic bone marrow transplant? In
autologous bone marrow transplants, stem
cells are used from your own body; in
allogenic transfers, stem cells are donated
from someone else.
25. Where is the bone marrow usually taken from?
The hips (pelvis)
28. Where is synovial fluid found?
Between synovial (moveable)
joints.
29. Ligaments attach bones to bones.
30. Tendons attach bone to muscle.
Station 13
31. What are the two most common
joint replacements? Hip and knee
32. Why are joint replacements
generally needed? Joint
replacements are needed when
the cartilage wears down between
joints.
33. Which type of joint is pictured? A
ball and socket joint.
Station 14
34. Fixed
35. Pivot
36. Hinge
37. How are the skulls of adults and infants
different? The skulls of adults have more fixed
joints, the skulls of infants have not completely
closed at the joints.
© 2013 Vanessa Jason Biology Roots www.biology-roots.com
Station 15
Station 16
38. How many total bones are in your vertebral
column? (Hint: read the whole page!) 24
43. Approximately how many bones are
babies born with? 300
39. If a new office chair advertised having
“lumbar support”, what would you expect from
it’s design? Extra support in your lower spine.
44. Which hormone controls growth?
Human growth hormone.
40. Explain the breakfast lunch and dinner rule:
The cervical portion of your spine has 7
vertebra, the thoracic portion has 12
vertebra, and the lumbar portion has 5
vertebra. 7, 12, and 5 correspond with the
times you eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
Station 17
41. Why do you become shorter as you get
older? The cartilaginous discs between your
vertebra lose fluid as you age.
43. The last bone to grow is the clavicle.
44. Would a child or an adult be more
likely to break their clavicle? Explain! A
child would be more likely because
their clavicles have not fully fused yet.
Station 18
42. What is a slipped disc? A ruptured disc that
bulges toward a nerve.
45. Which type of fracture is pictured in
the x-ray?
Spiral.
Station 19
46. Transverse
47. Spiral
48. Compound
49. Greenstick
50. Comminuted
51. Name two characteristics of osteoporosis:
Weak/brittle/deteriorated bones.
52. How can osteoporosis be prevented?
Calcium in diet and exercise.
53. Arthritis affects the joints and nearby
tissues.
54. Why is osteoarthritis painful? The bones
rub against each other because the
cushions at the ends wear down. ________.
55. What is one unique characteristic about
rheumatoid arthritis? The body attacks its own
tissues (autoimmune).
Station 20
56. What is your favorite fact and why?
Answers vary.
57. Are bones alive? Yes!
Explain! Bones are made up of tissues,
which are made up of cells.
© 2013 Vanessa Jason Biology Roots www.biology-roots.com