Name: Class: Date: 7th Grade 4th Quarter Study Guide
True / False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
1. Spain became the world’s first global empire.
a. True
b. False
2. In the early 1800s, what are now modern Germany and Italy were each individual, unified countries.
a. True
b. False
3. During the 1600s, the English government was interested in setting up fur-trading posts in North America.
a. True
b. False
4. Atahualpa, the Inca ruler, honored Pizarro’s request that he give up his gods.
a. True
b. False
5. Without enslaved Africans, Brazil most likely would not have become one of Portugal’s most profitable overseas
territories.
a. True
b. False
6. European diseases killed more Aztec people than Spanish weapons did.
a. True
b. False
7. Ptolemy’s geocentric theory stated that the sun moved around the Earth.
a. True
b. False
8. The Petition of Right gave King Charles the right to tax the people, imprison citizens, and declare a state of
emergency.
a. True
b. False
9. During the Industrial Age, the middle class decreased in size.
a. True
b. False
10. In 1805 the British admiral Lord Horatio Nelson defeated the French navy led by Napoleon at the Battle of
Trafalgar.
a. True
b. False
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Name: Class: Date: 7th Grade 4th Quarter Study Guide
11. Classical scientific methods were more accurate than those based on the later Scientific Method.
a. True
b. False
12. During the 1500s, Spanish conquistadors explored as far north as what is present-day California.
a. True
b. False
13. A scientific theory is correct if it seems to explain the facts.
a. True
b. False
14. By the 1400s, Spain, Portugal, England, and France had all found a water route to Asia.
a. True
b. False
15. During the Enlightenment, political thinkers tried to use reason to improve government.
a. True
b. False
16. Germs that caused disease helped Hernán Cortés defeat the Aztec.
a. True
b. False
17. Most of the English colonies in North America developed constitutions.
a. True
b. False
18. Vasco Núñez de Balboa discovered a golden empire in Panama.
a. True
b. False
19. The period of the late 1700s and early 1800s was one of political stability and peace across the Americas and in
Europe.
a. True
b. False
20. Montezuma II first believed that Cortés was Quetzalcoatl, an Aztec god, returning to reclaim Mexico.
a. True
b. False
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Name: Class: Date: 7th Grade 4th Quarter Study Guide
Multiple Choice
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
21. France’s Sun King, or King Louis XIV, was a(n)
a. supporter of the Enlightenment principles of natural law and
rationalism.
c. example of a monarch who agreed to share power.
b. supporter of the idea of separation of
powers.
d. absolute monarch.
22. During the Enlightenment, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke based their ideas about government on
a. absolute law.
b. monarchy rule.
c. natural law.
d. social rule.
23. Who worked with John Adams and Thomas Jefferson to write the Declaration of Independence?
a. Benjamin Franklin
b. George Washington
c. John Locke
d. Sam Adams
24. According to the passage, why did the Lowell girls strike?
a. Working conditions were bad.
b. They wanted shorter hours.
c. Their wages were being cut.
d. They wanted to unionize.
25. According to the passage, what was the result of the Lowell strike?
a. The company negotiated.
b. The strikers won shorter hours.
c. The women formed a union.
d. Wages remained cut.
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Name: Class: Date: 7th Grade 4th Quarter Study Guide
26. According to the passage, people who listened to the speeches were
a. inspired to support the strikers.
b. surprised and upset that a girl would speak.
c. moved to strike themselves.
d. almost rioting.
27. What was the goal of the Congress of Vienna?
a. returning control of lands conquered by
France to the English
c. turning many parts of Europe over to
Bonaparte
b. restoring control of lands conquered by France to the
Second Estate
d. returning Europe to a state of peace and stability after a
long period of war
28. According to the chart, between which years was the first expedition to sail around the world conducted?
a. 1492–1502
b. 1497–1499
c. 1519–1522
d. 1607–1610
29. According to the chart, which of the following explorers was first to reach India by sailing around the south of
Africa?
a. Ferdinand Magellan
b. Henry Hudson
c. Jacques Cartier
d. Vasco da Gama
30. According to the chart, which of the following explorers explored the St. Lawrence River?
a. Christopher Columbus
b. Ferdinand Magellan
c. Jacques Cartier
d. Vasco da Gama
31. What carried raw materials, finished goods, and people faster and cheaper than any other early invention?
a. electric generator
b. spinning jenny
c. steam-powered boat
d. steam-powered locomotive
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Name: Class: Date: 7th Grade 4th Quarter Study Guide
32. Which type of ideas had the greatest impact on the U.S. Constitution?
a. Enlightenment
b. Marxist
c. socialist
d. utilitarian
33. A great thinker of the Enlightenment, Voltaire opposed governments that
a. believed in social contracts.
b. favored one religion.
c. had a separation of powers.
d. operated under a constitutional monarchy.
34. How did the colonists protest against the Stamp Act?
a. They dumped tea into Boston Harbor.
b. They sent an appeal to King George III.
c. They formed the Second Continental Congress.
d. They boycotted British goods taxed by the Stamp Act.
35. Socialists believed that factories, land, capital, and raw materials should be
a. abolished.
b. controlled by capitalists.
c. controlled by Marx.
d. owned by society.
36. From the excerpt, what is the second thing the astronomer does?
a. calculate distance
b. conceive and devise hypotheses
c. compose a history
d. observe the stars and planets
37. According to the passage, what is the first duty of the astronomer?
a. assuming
b. calculating and measuring
c. forming a hypothesis
d. observation
38. According to the passage, an astronomer’s work should explain past astronomical observations as well as
a. compose more accurate historical data.
b. perform difficult mathematical problems. c. predict future observations.
d. prove a scientific connection to religion.
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Name: Class: Date: 7th Grade 4th Quarter Study Guide
39. How does the writer seem to feel about the scientist’s (the author’s) work?
a. confident
b. frustrated
c. hopeless
d. unsure
40. According to the passage, if an astronomer’s hypotheses fit with calculations and observations,
a. the astronomer’s work is sufficient.
b. the astronomer’s work is faulty.
c. the present author is wrong.
d. the observations are wrong.
41. One English writer who was a strong supporter of women’s rights was
a. Denis Diderot.
b. François-Marie Arouet.
c. Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
d. Mary Wollstonecraft.
42. A business that raises money by selling shares to investors is called a
a. corporation.
b. cottage industry.
c. factory.
d. partnership.
43. After the colonists won the war for independence, the Articles of Confederation were changed to the
a. Constitution.
b. Declaration of Independence.
c. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
d. House of Burgesses.
44. Which early scientist theorized that the planets moved in an elliptical orbit, or oval-like path, around the sun?
a. Galileo Galilei
b. Isaac Newton
c. Johannes Kepler
d. Nicolaus Copernicus
45. Which two natural resources did Great Britain have in large supply that helped fuel the rise of industry there?
a. coal and iron
b. harbors and rivers
c. inventors and inventions
d. wool and textiles
46. The expeditions of Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro resulted in the
a. capture of Brazil for Portugal.
b. colonization of North America.
c. destruction of the Aztec and Inca empires.
d. exploration of the Philippines and the Caribbean islands.
47. Because classical thinkers often based their conclusions on common sense,
a. they did not need facts to arrive at the truth.
b. their theories always proved true.
c. they conducted thorough scientific experiments.
d. some of their beliefs were false.
48. Why did revolutions sweep across Europe in 1848?
a. Socialists encouraged revolt.
c. People wanted democratic and nationalistic reforms.
b. The United States set an example.
d. Benjamin Disraeli came to power.
49. This radical group attending the National Assembly wanted the most far-reaching political changes for France.
a. Girondists
b. Jacobins
c. the clergy
d. the nobles
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Name: Class: Date: 7th Grade 4th Quarter Study Guide
50. The Industrial Revolution began officially in
a. Europe.
b. Germany.
c. Great Britain.
d. the United States.
~Montesquieu from The Spirit of the Laws
51. When Montesquieu wrote of “the judiciary” in this passage he was referring to the a. corrupt government.
b. absolute monarchy.
c. judges and the courts.
d. a social contract.
52. Two other parts of government, according to the passage are:
a. executive and legislative.
b. legislative and religious.
c. executive and religious.
d. religious and parliamentary.
53. In 1707 England united with whom to form Britain?
a. America
b. France
c. Scotland
d. The Virginia Company
54. Ptolemy’s geocentric, or Earth-centered, theory
a. was accepted in Europe for over 1400 years.
c. stated that the sun was the center of the solar system.
b. was proven to be true by Nicolaus Copernicus.
d. was dismissed by the great thinkers of his time.
55. The job of the legislative branch of the government is to
a. enforce the laws.
b. interpret the laws.
c. make the laws.
d. separate the laws.
56. Which of the following groups received very little benefit from the Columbian Exchange?
a. the Dutch
b. the English
c. the French
d. Native Americans
57. Who first settled the region that is part of present-day New York City?
a. the Dutch
b. the English
c. the French
d. the Portuguese
58. What was one of the main reasons that the French settled in North America?
a. cash crops
b. fur trade
c. gold and silver
d. religious freedom
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Name: Class: Date: 7th Grade 4th Quarter Study Guide
59. Limited government, an idea from Enlightenment principles, is the idea that a government may use only those powers
given to it by the
a. federal system.
b. government.
c. House of Burgesses.
d. people.
60. Separation of powers means that governmental power is divided among different groups, such as the executive,
judicial, and
a. legislative branches.
b. military branches.
c. religious branches.
d. royal branches.
61. Which was an English thinker who developed the scientific method?
a. Antoine Lavoisier
b. Francis Bacon
c. Isaac Newton
d. Robert Boyle
62. By the early 1700s, how many colonies did England have along the Atlantic Coast?
a. eleven
b. ten
c. thirteen
d. twelve
63. Which two countries remained undefeated by Napoleon?
a. Britain and Russia
b. France and the Netherlands
c. Germany and Italy
d. Italy and Spain
64. Catherine the Great of Russia
a. allowed nobles to dominate the serfs.
c. encouraged the serfs to rebel.
b. freed the serfs.
d. took power away from the nobles.
65. What crop became the first cash crop of the English settlements?
a. coffee
b. cotton
c. sugarcane
d. tobacco
66. One important cause of the Industrial Revolution was a movement that allowed landowners to fence off their land,
called
a. enclosure laws.
b. the landowner law.
c. land use rights.
d. strip farming.
67. The final victory for the colonists in the war for independence against Britain was the
a. Battle of Lexington.
b. Battle of Concord.
c. Battle of Saratoga.
d. Battle of Yorktown.
68. As Europeans began their voyages of exploration in the 1400s,
a. few tools were available to assist them.
b. they returned to common sense theories about exploration.
c. they felt little need to pursue scientific ideas.
d. better charts and maps were created.
69. This king was overthrown during the French Revolution.
a. Edward III
b. Jacques-Louis David
c. Louis XVI
d. Napoleon Bonaparte
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Name: Class: Date: 7th Grade 4th Quarter Study Guide
70. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke differed in their views of how the government was influenced by
a. classical thinking.
b. natural law.
c. philosophy.
d. scientific method.
71. The main motive behind the expeditions at the beginning of the Age of Exploration was
a. a quest for knowledge.
b. a search for new converts to Christianity.
c. the discovery of new lands with an eye to future colonization.
d. a search for new routes to Asia.
72. Entrepreneurs took on financial risks and created industries by
a. bringing together capital, labor, and new industrial
b. bringing together inventors, machines, and labor.
inventions.
c. bringing together machines, factories, and workers.
d. bringing together workers, capital, and natural
resources.
73. This ruler was one of Russia’s most powerful czars.
a. Catherine the Great
b. Frederick the Great
c. Maria Theresa
d. Peter the Great
74. Who primarily established settlements in the Americas in the 1500s?
a. the Dutch and the English
b. the Dutch and the French
c. the English and the French
d. the Spanish and the Portuguese
75. “I think, therefore I am” was written by
a. Andreas Vesalius.
b. Francis Bacon.
c. René Descartes.
d. Robert Boyle.
76. Which of these events was a negative result of exploration? a. Advances in technology and learning made long ocean
voyages possible.
c. European diseases had a devastating effect on the native
populations in new territories.
77. Which of the following events occurred first?
a. Columbus claimed San Salvador for Spain.
c. Magellan sailed around South America into the Pacific
Ocean.
b. Europeans brought food, animals, and
ideas to the Americas.
d. Explorers received honors from kings and
queens of Europe. b. Europeans found a water route to Asia.
d. Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of
Tordesillas.
78. According to the theory of mercantilism, colonies should be
a. acquired as markets and sources of raw
b. considered an economic burden for the mother
materials.
country.
c. encouraged to develop their own religions. d. granted independence as soon as possible.
79. Which two combined forces helped bring an end to Napoleon’s empire?
a. the First Consul and revolutions elsewhere in
b. both the British and Russian military and the rise of
Europe
nationalism
c. the Jacobins and the rise of nationalism
d. the National Assembly and the Russian military
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Name: Class: Date: 7th Grade 4th Quarter Study Guide
80. What was a result of the Commercial Revolution?
a. a decline in population growth in Europe
b. a shift in power from Spain and Portugal to England and
France
c. the development of new business
d. the establishment of fewer colonies in the Americas
methods
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. abolitionism
b. Giuseppe Garibaldi
c. Otto von Bismarck
d. Simón Bolívar
e. William Gladstone
81. the revolutionary leader who was a master of guerrilla warfare
82. the movement to end slavery
83. South American military leader who led the fight for freedom from Spain
84. prime minister who tried to unite Germany
85. led the liberal party in Britain
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. capital
b. Henry Cort
c. industrialism
d. James Hargreaves
e. James Watt
86. designed a steam engine to power machines
87. economic system based on the use of machinery for production of goods
88. discovered a way to use coal to turn iron ore into pure iron
89. money invested in a business
90. invented the spinning jenny
Match each item with the correct description below.
a. al-Idrisi
b. astrolabe
c. compass
d. conquistadors
e. Ptolemy
91. an instrument that helps determine the direction in which one is sailing
92. an Arab geographer
93. a Greek geographer
94. soldier-explorers sent from Spain to the Americas
95. an instrument that is used to find latitude
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Name: Class: Date: 7th Grade 4th Quarter Study Guide
Match each item with the correct description below.
a. commerce
b. cottage industry
c. entrepreneur
d. mercantilism
e. plantation
96. system for making goods in workers’ homes
97. economic theory that depends on a greater amount of exports than imports
98. large estate or farm that uses enslaved people or hired workers
99. businessperson who invests in a project
100. exchange of goods
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