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Date
Skills Worksheet
Chapter Review
USING KEY TERMS
Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the
word bank.
continental shelf
abyssal plain
salinity
nonpoint-source pollution
continental slope
desalination
benthic environment
point-source pollution
1. The region of the ocean floor that is closest to the shoreline is the
.
2.
is the process of removing salt from sea water.
3.
is a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a
liquid.
4. The
is the broad, flat part of the deep-ocean basin.
5. The region near the bottom of a pond, lake, or ocean is called the
.
6. Pollution that comes from many sources rather than a single specific source
is called
.
UNDERSTANDING KEY IDEAS
Multiple Choice
______ 7. The largest ocean is the
a. Indian Ocean.
b. Pacific Ocean.
c. Atlantic Ocean.
d. Arctic Ocean.
______ 8. One of the most abundant elements in the ocean is
a. potassium.
c. chlorine.
b. calcium.
d. magnesium.
______ 9. Which of the following affects the ocean’s salinity?
a. fresh water added by rivers
c. evaporation
b. currents
d. All of the above
______10. Most precipitation falls
a. on land.
b. into lakes and rivers.
c. into the ocean.
d. in rain forests.
______11. Which of the following is a nonrenewable resource in the ocean?
a. fish
c. oil
b. tidal energy
d. All of the above
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Chapter Review continued
______12. Which benthic zone has a depth range between 200 m and 4,000 m?
a. the bathyal zone
c. the hadal zone
b. the abyssal zone
d. the sublittoral zone
______13. The ocean floor and all of the organisms that live on or in it is the
a. benthic environment.
c. neritic zone.
b. pelagic environment.
d. oceanic zone.
Short Answer
14. Why does coastal water in areas that have hotter, drier climates typically have
a higher salinity than coastal water in cooler, more humid areas does?
15. Describe two technologies used for studying the ocean floor.
16. Identify the two major regions of the ocean floor, and describe how the
continental shelf, the continental slope, and the continental rise are related.
17. In your own words, write a definition for each of the following terms:
plankton, nekton, and benthos. Give two examples of each.
18. List two living resources and two nonliving resources that are harvested from
the ocean.
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Chapter Review continued
CONCEPT MAPPING
19. Concept Mapping Use the following terms to create a concept map:
water cycle, evaporation, condensation, precipitation, atmosphere, and
oceans.
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20. Making Inferences What benefit other than being able to obtain fresh water
from salt water comes from desalination?
21. Making Comparisons Explain the difference between a bathymetric profile
and a seismic reading.
22. Analyzing Ideas In your own words, define nonpoint-source pollution and
point-source pollution. Give an example of each. What is being done to
control ocean pollution?
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Chapter Review continued
INTERPRETING GRAPHICS
The graph below shows the ecological zones of the ocean. Use the graph below to
answer the questions that follow.
Ecological Zones of the Ocean
Sea
level
200 m
a
c
b
a
4,000 m
e
23. At which point would you most likely find an anglerfish?
24. At which point would you most likely find tube worms?
25. Which ecological zone is shown at point c?
Which depth zone is shown at point c?
26. Name an organism that you might find at point e.
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TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE
Chapter Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
continental shelf
Desalination
Salinity
abyssal plain
benthic environment
nonpoint-source pollution
B
C
D
C
C
A
A
Coastal water in hotter, drier climates
typically has higher salinity because
less fresh water runs into the ocean in
drier areas and because heat increases
the evaporation rate.
15. Answers may vary. Sample answer:
Technology used to study the ocean
floor include sonar and piloted
vessels. Sonar stands for sound
navigation and ranging and is used to
determine the ocean’s depth by
sending sound pulses from a ship
down into the ocean. Piloted vessels
such as Alvin and Deep Flight are
research vessels used to explore the
ocean floor.
16. The two major regions of the ocean
floor include the continental margin
and the deep-ocean basin. The continental shelf, the continental slope, and
the continental rise are sections of the
continental margin based on depth
and changes in slope.
17. Sample answer: Plankton are microscopic organisms that float freely in
freshwater and marine environments.
Examples of plankton are phytoplankton and zooplankton. Nekton are
organisms that swim actively in open
water and include sea lions and
whales. Benthos are the organisms
that live at the bottom of the ocean,
such as crabs and starfish.
18. Sample answer: Two living resources
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
that are harvested from the ocean
include fish and seaweed. Two nonliving resources that are harvested from
the ocean include oil and sea-floor
minerals.
An answer to this exercise can be
found at the end of the teacher’s
edition.
Answers may vary. Sample answer:
Desalination may also provide a
source of minerals such as salt.
Answers may vary. Sample answer: A
bathymetric profile shows what the
contour of the ocean floor looks like.
A seismic can show the contour of the
ocean floor as well as what rocks
beneath the ocean floor look like.
Answers may vary. Sample answer:
Nonpoint-source pollution is pollution
that comes from many sources rather
than from a single, specific site. An
example of nonpoint-source pollution
includes oil and gasoline that have
leaked from cars onto streets. Pointsource pollution is pollution that
comes from a specific site. An example of point-source pollution is trash
dumping. Controlling ocean pollution
is difficult however, many countries
have taken legal action to protect
oceans. For example, the United
States passed the U.S. Marine
Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries
Act which prohibits harmful dumping
in the ocean. Beach cleanups run by
citizens, such as the Adopt-a-Beach
program, have been very successful in
cleaning up polluted beaches.
B
D
bathyal zone; continental slope from
200 m to 4,000 m below sea level
Sample answer: clams
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