DEAS 295:2010
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ICS 71.100.40
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EAST AFRICAN STANDARD
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Sodium hypochlorite solutions — Specifications
© EAC 2010
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY
Second Edition 2010
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DEAS 295:2010
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Foreword
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Development of the East African Standards has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing
requirements governing quality of products and services in East Africa. It is envisaged that through
harmonized standardization, trade barriers which are encountered when goods and services are
exchanged within the Community will be removed.
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In order to meet the above objectives, the EAC Partner States have enacted an East African
Standardization, Quality Assurance, Metrology and Test Act, 2006 (EAC SQMT Act, 2006) to make
provisions for ensuring standardization, quality assurance, metrology and testing of products
produced or originating in a third country and traded in the Community in order to facilitate industrial
development and trade as well as helping to protect the health and safety of society and the
environment in the Community.
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East African Standards are formulated in accordance with the procedures established by the East
African Standards Committee. The East African Standards Committee is established under the
provisions of Article 4 of the EAC SQMT Act, 2006. The Committee is composed of representatives of
the National Standards Bodies in Partner States, together with the representatives from the private
sectors and consumer organizations. Draft East African Standards are circulated to stakeholders
through the National Standards Bodies in the Partner States. The comments received are discussed
and incorporated before finalization of standards, in accordance with the procedures of the
Community.
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Article 15(1) of the EAC SQMT Act, 2006 provides that “Within six months of the declaration of an
East African Standard, the Partner States shall adopt, without deviation from the approved text of the
standard, the East African Standard as a national standard and withdraw any existing national
standard with similar scope and purpose”.
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East African Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of the
East African Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest versions of
the standards they are implementing.
*
P O Box 1096
Arusha
Tanzania
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East African Community
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© East African Community 2010 — All rights reserved
Tel: 255 27 2504253/8
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Fax: 255-27-2504481/2504255
E-Mail: [email protected]
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Web: www.each.int
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 2010 EAC — All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for EAC Partner States’ NSBs.
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
Introduction
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During the preparation of this standard, reference was made to the following documents:
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DEAS 295:2010
SANS 296:2008, Sodium hypochlorite solutions
SANS 5190:2004, Water insoluble matter content of soap products
SANS 5222:2004, Identification of rosin in fatty matter
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SANS 5223:2006, Rosin content of fatty matter in soaps
SANS 5232:2006, Abrasive number of scouring compounds
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Acknowledgement is hereby made for assistance derived from this source.
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
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DEAS 295:2010
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Contents
Scope ......................................................................................................................................... 1
2
Normative references ................................................................................................................. 1
3
Definitions .................................................................................................................................. 1
4
Requirements ............................................................................................................................. 2
4.1
General....................................................................................................................................... 2
4.2
Sodium hypochlorite solution for industrial use ......................................................................... 2
4.3
Sodium hypochlorite solutions for domestic use ........................................................................ 3
5
Inspection and test methods ...................................................................................................... 4
5.1
General....................................................................................................................................... 4
5.2
Inspection ................................................................................................................................... 4
5.3
Test specimens .......................................................................................................................... 4
5.4
Sediment content ....................................................................................................................... 4
5.5
Sodium hypochlorite content ...................................................................................................... 5
5.6
Sodium hydroxide content ......................................................................................................... 7
5.7
Gassing rate of sodium hypochlorite .......................................................................................... 8
5.8
Iron content, cobalt content, copper content and nickel content................................................ 9
6
Packing and marking................................................................................................................ 12
6.1
Packing..................................................................................................................................... 12
6.2
Marking..................................................................................................................................... 12
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Annex A (informative) Notes to users .................................................................................................. 14
Annex B (normative) Notes to purchasers ........................................................................................... 15
Annex C (normative) Sampling and compliance with this standard .................................................... 16
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Annex D (normative) Quality verification of sodium hypochlorite solutions ......................................... 18
Annex E (normative) Water insoluble matter content of soap products .............................................. 19
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Annex F (normative) Abrasive number of scouring compounds .......................................................... 20
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© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
DEAS 295:2010
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EAST AFRICAN STANDARD
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Sodium hypochlorite solutions — Specifications
Scope
This East African Standard specifies the characteristics of three aqueous concentrations of sodium
hypochlorite solution suitable for industrial and domestic use.
Normative references
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The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
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ASTM D 502, Test method for particle size of soaps and other detergents
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EAS 127-3, Synthetic detergent powders — Part 3: Determination of biodegradability of surfactants —
Test method
ed
ISO 4315, Surface active agents — Determination of alkalinity — Titrimetric method
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EAS 377-2, Cosmetics — List of substances which must not form part of any cosmetic product
ISO 456, Surface active agents — Analysis of soaps — Determination of free caustic alkali
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ISO 457, Soaps — Determination of chloride content — Titrimetric method
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ISO 672, Soaps — Determination of moisture and volatile matter content — Oven method
No
ISO 673, Soaps — Determination of content of ethanol-insoluble matter
ISO 684, Analysis of soaps — Determination of total free alkali
—
ISO 685, Analysis of soaps — Determination of total alkali content and total fatty matter content
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ISO 862, Surface active agents — Vocabulary
ISO 1067, Analysis of soaps — Determination of unsaponifiable, unsaponified and unsaponified
saponifiable matter
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ISO 4314, Surface active agents — Determination of free alkalinity or free acidity — Titrimetric
method
ISO 4315, Surface active agents — Determination of alkalinity — Titrimetric method
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ISO 4316, Surface active agents — Determination of pH of aqueous solutions — Potentiometric
method
ISO 4323, Soaps — Determination of chlorides content — Potentiometric method
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ISO 8212, Soaps and detergents — Techniques of sampling during manufacture
ISO 6839, Anionic surface active agents — Determination of solubility in water
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Definitions
For the purposes of this standard the following definitions apply.
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
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DEAS 295:2010
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3.1
acceptable
acceptable to the authority administering this standard, or to the parties concluding the purchase
contract, as relevant
3.2
batch
material from a single mix or, in the case of a continuous production process, the material from a
single day's production
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3.3
gassing
gas evolution
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3.4
nominal concentration
minimum sodium hypochlorite content of the solution under test, at the time of manufacture
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as
3.5
available chlorine
this is the quantity of chlorine chemically equivalent to the oxygen that would be released during the
complete decomposition of the, sodium hypochlorite to sodium chloride and oxygen.
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NOTE
This is a conventional way of expressing the concentration of sodium hypochlorite solution. The available chlorine is
0.95 times the sodium hypochlorite content and is a measure of the oxidising power of sodium hypochlorite solutions.
be
3.6
product unit
a unit of the final product, packed in a plastic bottle or other suitable airtight and opaque container.
Requirements
4.1
General
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4
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3.7
lot
a number of containers consisting of product of the same type and style, which have been
manufactured and packed under essentially the same conditions.
Sodium hypochlorite solutions shall be of one of the following nominal concentrations, as required
(see Annex A):
150 g/L for industrial use;
b)
50 g/L for domestic use; or
c)
35 g/L for domestic use.
4.2.1
Sodium hypochlorite solution for industrial use
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4.2
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a)
General
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The solution shall be a clear liquid free from suspended or particulate matter and shall be miscible in
all proportions with distilled water.
Physical and chemical requirements
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4.2.2
The solution shall comply with the requirements given in Table 1.
2
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
3
Requirement
Test method
subclause
Sediment content, % (mass fraction expressed as a
percentage), max.
0.1
Sodium hypochlorite content determined on the date
of manufacture, g/L, min.
150
Sodium hypochlorite content determined on the 14th
day ± 2 d after date of manufacture, g/L, min.
130
5.5
5.5
10 60
3
35
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Gassing at 37 °C, cm over a 20 h period, max.
Iron content, mg/L, max.
Copper content, mg/L, max.
5.7
5.8
5
5.8
5
5.8
5
5.8
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Nickel content, mg/L, max.
5.6
10
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Cobalt content, mg/L, max.
Stability
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4.2.3
5.4
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Sodium hydroxide content, g/L, min. max.
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Property
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Table 1 — Physical and chemical requirements for a sodium hypochlorite solution for
industrial use
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DEAS 295:2010
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When (after receipt) the solution has been stored in the dark at a temperature of 20 °C to 25 °C, the
sodium hypochlorite content, determined in accordance with 5.5 on the 14th day ± 2 d after date of
manufacture, shall be at least 130 g/L.
See annex A for notes to users on the two main ways sodium hypochlorite solution decomposes.
4.3
Sodium hypochlorite solutions for domestic use
4.3.1
General
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NOTE
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When so required (see annex B), the solution shall contain laundry blue. The laundry blue might settle
on standing but shall disperse completely in the solution when the solution, in the original container, is
shaken for 30 s.
4.3.2
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The solution shall be a clear liquid, and shall be free from sediment and suspended matter other than
the required laundry blue (see annex B). A solution shall be considered to be clear if all salts that
have crystallized from the solution dissolve completely when the solution is mixed with twice its
volume of distilled water.
Physical and chemical requirements
The solution shall comply with the requirements given in Table 2.
Stability
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4.3.3
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When (after receipt) the solution has been stored in the dark at a temperature of 20 °C to 25 °C, the
sodium hypochlorite content, determined in accordance with 5.5 on the 60th day ± 2 d after date of
manufacture, shall be as follows:
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a)
b)
solutions of 5 % nominal concentration: not less than 45 g/L; and
solutions of 3.5 % nominal concentration: not less than 32 g/L.
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
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2
3
Property
Requirement
Sediment content, % (mass fraction expressed as a
percentage), max.
0.1
Test method subclause
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5.4
Sodium hypochlorite content determined on the 14th
day ± 2 d after date of manufacture, g/L, min.
50
3.5 % nominal concentration
35
5.5
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5 % nominal concentration
Sodium hypochlorite content determined on the 60th
day ± 2 d after date of manufacture, g/L, min.
32
Sodium hydroxide content, g/L, max.
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Inspection and test methods
5.1
General
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3.5 % nominal concentration
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45
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5 % nominal concentration
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Table 2 — Physical and chemical requirements for a sodium hypochlorite solution for
domestic use
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DEAS 295:2010
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Unless inconsistent with the text, all reagents used shall be of analytical reagent grade or the purest
grade available, and all water shall be distilled or deionized water.
Inspection
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5.2
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Inspect the containers taken in accordance with C.2 for compliance with all the relevant requirements
of this standard for which tests to assess compliance are not given in 5.4 to 5.8 (inclusive).
Test specimens
5.3.1
Determination of characteristics other than stability
—
No
5.3
5.3.2
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Carry out these determinations on the contents of each of the appropriate containers reserved in
accordance with C.2 for these determinations. Keep the containers closed until the test for sodium
hypochlorite content is to be carried out.
Determination of the stability
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Keeping the containers closed, store the appropriate containers (reserved in accordance with C.2 for
these determinations) in a dark place at a temperature of 20 °C to 25 °C until the tests for stability
(see 4.2.3 or 4.3.3, as relevant) are to be carried out.
Sediment content
5.4.1
Procedure
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5.4.1.1 Mix the test specimen of sodium hypochlorite solution (see 5.3.1) thoroughly and then
accurately weigh out approximately 300 g into a 500 mL beaker.
5.4.1.2 Filter the solution through a Whatman GF/A glass-fibre filter paper that has been dried at 100
°C ± 2 °C and tared, or equivalent.
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5.4.1.3 Wash the beaker and the sediment five times with 20 mL portions of cold water and then dry
the glass fibre filter paper with the sediment at 100 °C ± 2 °C until a constant mass is attained.
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© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
DEAS 295:2010
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Calculation
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5.4.2
S=
m2
× 100
m1
where
m2
is the mass of the sediment after it has been dried, in grams;
m1
is the mass of test specimen taken, in grams.
Sodium hypochlorite content
5.5.1
Reagents
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5.5
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Check for compliance with 4.2.2.
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Calculate the sediment content, S, as a percentage, as follows:
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5.5.1.1 Potassium iodide (KI).
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5.5.1.2 Glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH).
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5.5.1.3 Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).
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5.5.1.4 Mercuric iodide (HgI2).
5.5.1.5 Starch indicator solution
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Prepare the starch solution immediately before use, as follows:
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Make a paste of 1 g of soluble starch and a small amount of water. Pour the paste into 100 mL of
boiling water, stirring it constantly. Boil for approximately 1 min and cool.
No
5.5.1.6 Standard potassium dichromate solution, c(K2Cr2O7) = 0,01667 mol/L
—
Dissolve exactly 4.904 g of potassium dichromate, previously dried at 105 °C ± 2 °C for 2 h and
cooled in a desiccator, in water and dilute to 1 000 mL in a volumetric flask.
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5.5.1.7 Sodium thiosulfate solution (± 0.1 mol/L).
5.5.1.7.1 Preparation
Prepare a stock volumetric solution as follows:
Dissolve 25 g ± 1 g of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (NaS2O3·5H2O) in freshly boiled and
cooled water.
b)
Add 0.1 g of sodium carbonate (see 5.5.1.3) and 0.01 g of mercuric iodide (see 5.5.1.4) and
dissolve.
c)
Dilute to 1 000 mL with freshly boiled and cooled water in a volumetric flask.
d)
Transfer to an amber-coloured glass-stoppered bottle and store in the dark.
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a)
Standardize the solution before use (see 5.5.1.7.2).
f)
Discard the solution when it becomes turbid.
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e)
5.5.1.7.2 Standardization
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
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DEAS 295:2010
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Standardize the sodium thiosulfate solution as follows:
Pipette 20.0 mL of the potassium dichromate solution (see 5.5.1.6) into a glass-stoppered
iodine flask.
b)
Remove the stopper and quickly add 3 g of potassium iodide, 2 g of sodium bicarbonate and 5
mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid.
c)
Insert the stopper gently in the flask, swirl to mix, and allow to stand in the dark for 10 min.
d)
Rinse the stopper and the inner walls of the flask with water and titrate with the sodium
thiosulfate volumetric solution (see 5.5.1.7) until a pale straw colour is obtained.
e)
Add 2 mL of the starch solution (see 5.5.1.5) and continue the titration until a blue colour is
discharged.
f)
Carry out a blank determination by repeating the procedure but omitting the potassium
dichromate.
g)
Calculate the concentration, M, of the sodium thiosulfate solution, in moles per litre, as follows:
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20.0 × 0.01667 × 6
V
2.0
=
V
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M =
be
where
V
is the volume of sodium thiosulfate solution used in the titration after the correction for
the blank, in millilitres.
Alternative methods of standardization may be used provided that they give equivalent results.
5.5.2
Procedure
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NOTE
—
5.5.2.1 Pipette 25.0 mL of the sample into a 1 000 mL volumetric flask and dilute with water up to the
mark.
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5.5.2.2 Pipette 25.0 mL of the diluted sample into a 250 mL glass-stoppered iodine flask and add 50
mL of water.
5.5.2.3 Add 2 g of potassium iodide and 10 mL of glacial acetic acid. Insert the stopper and allow to
stand in the dark for 10 mins.
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5.5.2.4 Rinse the stopper and the inner walls of the flask with water.
5.5.2.5 Titrate the liberated iodine with the standardized sodium thiosulfate solution (see 5.5.1.7) to a
pale straw yellow colour.
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5.5.2.6 Add 1 mL of starch indicator solution (see 5.5.1.5) and titrate drop by drop until the faint blue
colour changes to colourless, for at least 30 s.
5.5.2.7 Carry out a blank determination by repeating the procedure but omitting the sample.
Calculation
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5.5.3
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Calculate the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) content, C, in grams per litre, as follows:
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C = V × 59.56 × M
where
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
DEAS 295:2010
is the volume of sodium thiosulfate solution used in the titration after correction for the
blank, in millilitres;
M
is the molarity of sodium thiosulfate solution, in moles per litre.
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Check for compliance with 4.2.2.
5.6
Sodium hydroxide content
5.6.1
Reagents
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5.6.1.1 Barium chloride solution, 10 g/100 mL
Dissolve 100 g of barium chloride (BaCl2·2H2O) in water and dilute to 1 L with water. Filter the
solution if turbid.
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5.6.1.2 Hydrogen peroxide solution
Approximately 3 % (10 volumes).
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5.6.1.3 Sodium hydroxide solution, 0.4 g/100 mL
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Dissolve 0.4 g of sodium hydroxide in water, cool and dilute to 100.0 mL in a volumetric flask. Store in
a plastics container.
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5.6.1.4 Phenolphthalein indicator solution
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Dissolve 1 g of phenolphthalein in 100 mL of ethanol (95 %).
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5.6.1.5 Screened methyl orange indicator solution
Dissolve 0.2 g of methyl orange and 0.28 g of xylene cyanol FF in 100 mL of ethanol (50 %).
No
5.6.1.6 Standard hydrochloric acid solution (c (HCl) = 0.10 mol/L)
Procedure
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5.6.2
—
Dilute 8.9 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (d at 25 °C ≥ 1.160) with water. Standardize against
sodium carbonate, using the screened methyl orange as indicator.
5.6.2.1 Place 50 mL of the barium chloride solution and 40 mL of the hydrogen peroxide solution in a
250 mL conical flask.
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5.6.2.2 Add 10 drops of the phenolphthalein indicator and then add the sodium hydroxide solution
drop by drop until a permanent faint pink colour is obtained.
5.6.2.3 Immediately pipette 10 mL of the test specimen of sodium hypochlorite solution drop by drop
into the flask, taking care that the effervescence does not become excessive.
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5.6.2.4 When the effervescence subsides, swirl the flask vigorously for 1 min.
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5.6.2.5 Add another drop of phenolphthalein indicator and rapidly titrate the solution with the standard
hydrochloric acid solution (see 5.6.1.6) until the pink colour first disappears.
5.6.2.6 Do not continue the titration if the pink colour re-appears on standing.
Calculation
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5.6.3
Calculate the sodium hydroxide content, X, in grams per litre, as follows:
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
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DEAS 295:2010
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X = V × M × 4.0
is the volume of hydrochloric acid solution used in the titration, in millilitres;
M
is the concentration of the standard hydrochloric acid solution, in moles per litre.
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V
Check for compliance with 4.2.2.
5.7
Gassing rate of sodium hypochlorite
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(see Figure 1)
5.7.1
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where
Outline of method
5.7.2
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The gas evolved from a weighed sample maintained at a controlled temperature is collected and
measured volumetrically.
Apparatus
as
5.7.2.1 Water-bath and thermostatic water circulator, capable of maintaining a temperature of 37
°C.
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5.7.2.3 Graduated burette, of 50 mL capacity.
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5.7.2.2 Dreschel bottle, of 250 mL and that is externally covered to exclude light.
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5.7.2.5 Tallform beaker, of 500 mL capacity.
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5.7.2.4 Top-pan balance, capable of weighing to an accuracy of 0.1 g.
5.7.2.6 Delivery tube, of glass connected to the Dreschel bottle.
Procedure
No
5.7.3
—
5.7.3.1 Weigh out 300 g ± 0.5 g of the sample into the Dreschel bottle.
5.7.3.2 Place the Dreschel bottle in the water-bath at 37 °C ± 1° C.
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5.7.3.3 Fill the beaker with approximately 400 mL of water and immerse the end of the delivery tube
in the beaker. Check that the water does not suck back beyond the second bend in the delivery tube
5.7.3.4 Completely fill the burette with water and invert in the beaker, ensuring that no air is trapped
in the burette and that the end of the burette is well submerged in the water.
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5.7.3.5 Secure the open end of the burette over the end of the delivery tube so that the gas evolved
is trapped in the burette.
5.7.3.6 Use the burette tap to adjust the volume of water in the burette to the 50 mL mark.
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5.7.3.7 Leave the sample in the water-bath for 1 h to equilibriate to the correct temperature.
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5.7.3.8 Record the volume (V1) of gas (mL) collected in the inverted burette.
5.7.3.9 Leave the sample in the water-bath for a further 20 h and then record the total volume (V2) of
gas (mL) collected in the inverted burette.
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NOTE
Take the reading in millilitres as equivalent to the volume of gas in cubic centimetres.
5.7.3.10 Calculate the gassing rate per 20 h (see 5.7.4).
8
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
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DEAS 295:2010
Calculation
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5.7.4
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5.7.3.11 Repeat 5.7.3.1 to 5.7.3.10 (inclusive) at least once more.
Calculate the gassing rate, GR, of the gas collected, in cubic centimetres per 20 h, as follows:
GR = V2 − V1
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where
is the total volume of gas collected after 20 h, in cubic centimeters;
V2
V1
is the volume of gas collected after 1 h, in cubic centimeters.
Express the final results as an average of the calculated results for each determination.
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—
No
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Check for compliance with 4.2.2.
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Figure 1 — Apparatus for measuring the gassing rate of sodium hypochlorite
5.8
Iron content, cobalt content, copper content and nickel content
5.8.1
Apparatus
Reagents
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5.8.2
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Atomic absorption spectrometer, capable of operating under the conditions given in Table 3.
5.8.2.1 Nitric acid solution (1:1)
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Carefully add 100 mL of concentrated nitric acid (d at 25 °C ≥ 1.339) to 100 mL of water while mixing.
5.8.2.2 Hydrochloric acid
Concentrated hydrochloric acid (a mass fraction of 32 %: d at 25 °C ≥ 1.160).
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
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DEAS 295:2010
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5.8.2.3 Hydrochloric acid solution (1:1)
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Carefully add 100 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (see 5.8.2.2) to 100 mL of water while mixing.
5.8.2.4 Sodium chloride solution (30 g/L)
Dissolve 30.00 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL water in a 1 L volumetric flask, and make up to the
mark with water.
Standard solutions
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5.8.3
5.8.3.1 General
st
Prepare four standard solutions, as detailed in 5.8.3.2 to 5.8.3.5 (inclusive), that contain iron, cobalt,
copper and nickel respectively, in a concentration of 1 000 mg/L.
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5.8.3.2 Iron solution
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Dissolve exactly 1.000 g of a mass fraction of 99.99 % metallic iron in 25 mL of 1:1 hydrochloric acid
in a 150 mL tallform beaker. Leave the beaker covered with a watch glass in a water-bath until the
metallic iron is completely dissolved. Transfer quantitatively to a 1 L volumetric flask, and make up to
the mark with water.
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5.8.3.3 Cobalt solution
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Dissolve exactly 1.000 g of a mass fraction of 99.99 % metallic cobalt in a minimum volume of 1:1
nitric acid, transfer quantitatively to a 1 L volumetric flask, and make up to the mark with water.
t to
5.8.3.4 Copper solution
No
Dissolve exactly 1.000 g of a mass fraction of 99.99 % metallic copper in a minimum volume of 1:1
nitric acid, transfer quantitatively to a 1 L volumetric flask, and make up to the mark with water.
5.8.3.5 Nickel solution
—
Dissolve exactly 1,000 g of a mass fraction of 99.99 % metallic nickel in 20 mL of 1:1 nitric acid,
transfer quantitatively to a 1 L volumetric flask, and make up to the mark with water.
Commercially available standard solutions may also be used.
5.8.4
Procedure
ts
on
ly
NOTE
5.8.4.1 Instrument operating conditions
co
1
mm
en
Adjust the instrument controls to the settings given in table 3, appropriate to the element being
determined, using acetylene as the fuel for the burner, and air as the support.
Instrument setting
Table 3 — Instrument settings
2
3
4
5
a
Setting for the determination of
Cobalt
Copper
Nickel
240.7
324.7
232.0
Slit width, nm
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Lamp current, mA
5,0
7.0
3.5
3.5
Up to × 10
Up to × 10
Up to × 10
Up to × 10
ft f
or
Iron
248.3
Wavelength, nm
Dr
a
Scale expansion
a
10
Small variations in the above settings might be necessary for different instruments.
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
DEAS 295:2010
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5.8.4.2 Calibration of instrument
From the standard solutions (see 5.8.3), prepare calibration solutions as follows:
pipette 10 mL of 1 000 mg/L of iron, cobalt, copper and nickel into separate 100 mL volumetric
flasks, make up to the mark with water and mark it 100 mg/L;
b)
prepare 1 mg/L, 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L standards by pipetting 1 mL, 5 mL and 10 mL of each of
the 100 mg/L standards into separate 100 mL flasks;
c)
make up to the mark, using the 30 g/L sodium chloride solution to ensure a similar matrix to the
test specimen of sodium hypochlorite solution;
d)
as a blank, use the same 30 g/L sodium chloride solution;
e)
aspirate each solution through the instrument and read its absorbance value at the specified
settings (see Table 3); and
f)
for each element, prepare a calibration curve by plotting the concentrations of the three
standard solutions, in milligrams per litre, against their absorbance values minus the
absorbance value of the blank.
as
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a)
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5.8.4.3 Determination of iron content, cobalt content, copper content and nickel content
cit
5.8.4.3.1 Pipette 10 mL of the test specimen of sodium hypochlorite solution into a 150 mL tallform
beaker and slowly add 1 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid while stirring. (The test specimen is
treated with hydrochloric acid to remove the formed chlorine and to form sodium chloride in solution.)
NaOCl+2HCl → NaCl+H2O+Cl2
t to
be
5.8.4.3.2 Cover the beaker with a watch glass and allow the ensuing heat to complete the following
exothermic reaction:
No
5.8.4.3.3 If the solution is not clear, add another 1 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid and allow the
reaction to continue; repeat the procedure until the solution is clear.
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—
5.8.4.3.4 Allow the solution to cool and as soon it has lost all of its yellow colour and a crystalline
precipitate has formed, transfer the contents quantitatively into a 100 mL volumetric flask and make
up to the mark with water.
5.8.4.3.5 Aspirate the solution through the instrument and read its absorbance value for each
element, at the specified settings (see Table 3).
5.8.5
mm
en
NOTE
It is recommended that procedures be conducted in the following sequence:
– optimize instrument;
– read blank;
– read standards; and
– read test specimen.
Calculation
Dr
a
ft f
or
co
Calculate the concentration, Y, in milligrams per litre, of each of the four elements in the test
specimen, using the following formula:
Y =
100 × C
V
where
C
is the concentration of the element in the dilute test specimen of sodium hypochlorite
solution (as read off from the appropriate calibration curve), in milligrams per litre;
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
11
DEAS 295:2010
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is the volume of test specimen used (see 5.8.4.3.1).
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V
6
Packing and marking
6.1
Packing
an
St
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Check for compliance with 4.2.2.
Af
ri c
6.1.1 Sodium hypochlorite solutions shall be packed in containers of good fabrication and shall be
so designed, constructed and closed as to prevent deformation and leakage of the contents due to
vibration, stacking, impact or changes in environmental conditions, such as temperature, pressure or
humidity, that can be encountered during handling.
st
6.1.2 The containers and closing devices shall not be susceptible to adverse attack by the sodium
hypochlorite solution, or be liable to form dangerous compounds with the contents.
Ea
6.1.3 The closing devices shall be strong and solid to ensure that they will not be worked loose
during handling and that they will withstand the normal stress and strain of handling.
as
6.1.4 Sodium hypochlorite solutions for industrial use (except when delivered in intermediate bulk
containers (IBCs) and tankers) shall be packed in containers that comply with the relevant East
African Standards.
Marking
be
6.2
cit
ed
6.1.5 Only solutions from the same batch shall be packed in the same container and, when
relevant, in the same pack.
t to
Each container (other than an IBC and a tanker) shall bear the following information in prominent,
legible and indelible marking:
the manufacturer's name or trademark or both;
b)
the words "SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE";
c)
the nominal available sodium hypochlorite content;
d)
the batch identification (which may be given in code);
e)
the net volume of the contents;
f)
the words "STORE IN A COOL PLACE AND NOT IN DIRECT SUNLIGHT; Avoid contact with
aluminium, zinc, tin and their alloys and DO NOT mix with acids";
g)
in the case of a sodium hypochlorite solution for industrial use, the date of manufacture, and the
necessary caution labelling, "CORROSIVE";
h)
in the case of individual containers of sodium hypochlorite solutions for domestic use, the
following additional information:
mm
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on
ly
—
No
a)
co
 the instructions for use; and
ft f
or
 the words
Dr
a
"DO NOT USE BLEACH ON WOOL, SILK, RAYON AND LEATHER",
12
NOTE
Sodium hypochlorite can have a deleterious effect on certain resin-treated materials, such as creaseresistant, drip-dry, embossed and glazed fabrics. Coloured fabrics will lose their colour if their dyes are not colourfast to
hypochlorites.
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
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"DO NOT USE WITH ANY OTHER TOILET OR HOUSEHOLD CLEANER", and
"DO NOT MIX WITH ACID"; and
an
St
an
any additional information required in terms of the regulations promulgated under the current
relevant national legislation (see foreword) and by the local transportation authority.
Dr
a
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—
No
t to
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i)
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DEAS 295:2010
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
13
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DEAS 295:2010
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Annex A
(informative)
A.1
an
St
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Notes to users
The decomposition of sodium hypochlorite takes place in two main ways:
3NaOCl→2NaCl + NaClO3; and
b)
2NaOCl→2NaCl + O2.
Af
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a)
Normally, in the dark, over 90 % of the decomposition follows the chlorate-forming mechanism (see
(a)) and the remainder follows the oxygen-forming reaction (see (b)).
Ea
st
A.2
The following are some of the factors that increase the rate at which decomposition of the
solution occurs:
concentration: the rate of decomposition falls off rapidly as the solution loses strength;
b)
temperature: elevated temperatures greatly increase the rate of decomposition;
c)
metallic impurities: certain trace metallic impurities such as copper, nickel, cobalt and iron
catalyse the oxygen-forming reaction;
d)
exposure to light: the rate of both the chlorate-forming reaction and the oxygen-forming
reaction is increased by exposure to blue or ultraviolet light; and
e)
pH value of solution: sodium hypochlorite is stabilized by sodium hydroxide, and the pH value
of the solution should exceed 11.
Dr
a
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or
co
mm
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—
No
t to
be
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ed
as
a)
14
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
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DEAS 295:2010
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Annex B
(normative)
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Notes to purchasers
The following requirements shall be specified in tender invitations and in each order or contract:
the nominal concentration of the sodium hypochlorite solution (see 4.1); and
b)
whether the sodium hypochlorite solution for domestic use is to contain laundry blue (see 4.3.1).
Dr
a
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or
co
mm
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—
No
t to
be
cit
ed
as
Ea
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a)
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
15
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DEAS 295:2010
Sampling
C.1.1
General
Af
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C.1
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St
an
Sampling and compliance with this standard
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Annex C
(normative)
The following sampling procedure shall be applied in determining whether a lot submitted for
inspection and testing, complies with the relevant requirements of this standard. The sample so drawn
shall be deemed to represent the lot.
st
Definitions
Ea
C.1.2
as
C.1.2.1
defective
solution or a container that fails in one or more respects to comply with the relevant requirements of
this standard
be
cit
ed
C.1.2.2
lot
not less than 25 containers and not more than 5 000 containers (or one tanker) of sodium
hypochlorite solution bearing the same batch number, from one manufacturer, and submitted at any
one time for inspection and testing
C.2 Sample for inspection
No
t to
After inspecting the lot for compliance with clause 5, take, at random, the number of containers, as
relevant, shown in column 2 of table C.1, relative to the appropriate lot size shown in column 1.
Reserve half the containers for the determination of the characteristics other than stability (see 5.3.1),
and the other half for the determination of stability (see 5.3.2).
—
Table C.1 — Sample sizes
mm
en
ts
on
ly
1
Lot size
number of containers
25 – 50
51 – 100
101 – 500
501 – 1 500
1 501 – 5 000
2
Sample for inspection
number of containers
4
6
8
10
12
Sample for testing
C.3.1
After inspection of the sample taken in accordance with C.2 for compliance with 5.2,
take, from four levels in the tanker or at four stages during the filling of the tanker, equal
increments that make up a composite sample of about 4 L;
ft f
or
a)
co
C.3
thoroughly mix and divide this sample into two equal portions;
c)
place each portion in a 2 L amber bottle that is fitted with a ground-glass stopper, or any other
suitable inert stopper.
Dr
a
b)
16
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
DEAS 295:2010
Compliance with this standard
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St
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C.4
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C.3.2 Reserve half the containers for the determination of the characteristics other than stability
(see 5.3.1), and the other half for the determination of stability (see 5.3.2).
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—
No
t to
be
cit
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as
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The lot shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of this standard if, after inspection and
testing of the sample taken in accordance with C.1, C.2 and C.3, no defective is found.
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
17
Annex D
(normative)
an
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Quality verification of sodium hypochlorite solutions
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DEAS 295:2010
Dr
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mm
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—
No
t to
be
cit
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as
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When a purchaser requires ongoing verification of the quality of sodium hypochlorite solutions, it is
suggested that, instead of concentrating solely on evaluation of the final product, he also direct his
attention to the manufacturer's quality system. In this connection it should be noted that ISO 9001
covers the provisions of an integrated quality system.
18
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
Annex E
(normative)
E.1
an
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Water insoluble matter content of soap products
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DEAS 295:2010
Scope
Apparatus
E.2.1
Oven. A drying oven capable of being maintained at 105 ± 5 °C.
E.3
Procedure
E.3.1
Soap powders, gel soaps
as
Ea
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E.2
Af
ri c
This standard specifies a method for the determination of the water insoluble matter content of soap
products.
Scouring compounds
cit
E.3.2
ed
Thoroughly wash the residue on the glass fibre filter, retained from the determination of free alkali
content and free acid content, with hot distilled water. Dry the residue and the filter in the oven
maintained at 105 ± 5 °C, cool in a desiccator, and weigh.
Calculation
E.4.1
Soap powders, gel soaps
No
E.4
t to
be
Dry the residue and the filter, retained from the determination of alkaline salts, in the oven maintained
at 105 ± 5 °C, cool in a desiccator, and weigh. Rep eat the drying and weighing procedure until no
further loss in mass occurs.
—
Water insoluble matter content, %(m/m) =
ts
on
ly
where
A × M × 100
B ×N
A = mass of the residue, g
B = mass of the test sample used, g
mm
en
M = required minimum fatty matter content of the sample, %
N = actual fatty matter content of the sample, %.
E.4.2
Scouring compounds
A × 100
B
ft f
or
co
Water insoluble matter content, %(m/m) =
where
Dr
a
A = mass of the residue, g
B = mass of the test sample used, g.
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
19
d
DEAS 295:2010
F.1
Scope
an
St
an
Abrasive number of scouring compounds
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Annex F
(normative)
This Annex specifies a method for the evaluation of the abrasive number of scouring compounds.
Apparatus
Af
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F.2
Abrasion apparatus
st
An apparatus consisting of the following:
Container, smooth-bottomed cylindrical brass container of internal diameter 63 mm and depth
19 mm, and mounted on a base. The inside of the brass container is fitted with a clip or ring that
securely holds the cloth disc (see (d) below) flat on the bottom of the container.
b)
Stirrer, mounted directly above the brass container, and capable of operating smoothly and
continuously at 70 r/min ± 5 r/min.
c)
Brass disc, of diameter 50 mm and mass approximately 60 g, made from brass having a
Rockwell B hardness of 51 ± 1. The brass disc has one face smoothly buffed, and a screw is so
affixed to the other face as to enable the brass disc to be connected to the lower end of a
vertical shaft of mass such that the combined mass of the shaft and the brass disc is 1 800 g ±
3 g. The shaft is so attached to the mechanical stirrer that it can be freely lowered to permit the
brass disc to rest squarely on the bottom of the brass container and raised to permit the
withdrawal of the brass disc from the brass container.
d)
Cloth discs, discs of diameter 63 mm and cut from billiard table cloth.
No
t to
be
cit
ed
as
Ea
a)
Procedure
F.3.1
Accurately weigh the brass disc and attach it to the shaft of the stirrer.
F.3.2
Fit a cloth disc on the inside of the bottom of the brass container.
ts
on
ly
—
F.3
F.3.3 Mix 5.0 g of the test sample with 10 mL of water and spread the mixture evenly on the cloth
disc. Lower the brass disc on to the cloth and rotate the disc through 500 revolutions.
Raise the stirrer shaft and detach, wash, dry and weigh the brass disc.
F.3.5
Repeat the test twice, using a new cloth disc each time.
F.4
Calculation
mm
en
F.3.4
Dr
a
ft f
or
co
Calculate the mean loss in mass, in milligrams, of the three determinations and record it as the
abrasive number of the scouring compound.
20
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved
ft f
or
Dr
a
ts
on
ly
mm
en
co
—
t to
No
be
ed
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as
st
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DEAS 295:2010
© EAC 2010 — All rights reserved