Background
0 Born Oct 27, 1858 into wealthy family
0 Asthma as a child
0 Harvard at 18  excelled in school and
athletics (marksmanship and horseback
riding)
0 Wife and mother died 1884 from illness
0  abandoned politics
0 PASSIONATE HUNTER
0 Remarried & had six kids
Political Experience
0 New York Assembly 1882
0 Civil Service commissioner
0 President of NYC Police Board
0 Assistant Secretary to Navy
0 Governor of New York 1898
War Hero and VP
0 1898-Volunteered as commander of 1st U.S.
Volunteer Cavalry
0
(ROUGH RIDERS)
http://www.history.com/videos/roosevelt-fights-in-spanish-american-war#roosevelt-fights-in-spanish-americanwar
0 Returned to become Governor of NY
0 Party bosses “kicked him upstairs” to Vice
Presidency
0 Became President after McKinley
0 assassination 1901
Progressive Leaders
(Liberals)
I. Teddy Roosevelt: 1901 – 1908 Republican
Promised a “Square Deal”
Square Deal
0 Originated during 1902 Coal Strike in which T.R.
was able to end by coming to a “Square Deal”
between the miners and company
Term used to describe various
progressive reforms sponsored by TR’s
administration
1. Reform American workplace
2. Initiate welfare legislation
3. Government regulation of industry
Progressive Leaders
(Liberals)
I.
Teddy Roosevelt: 1901 – 1908 Republican
Promised a “Square Deal”
Called the “Trustbuster”
Major Legislative Areas:
Pure Food and Drug Act
Railroad Trusts/Rebates
Conservation – Natural Resources
 Creation of National Parks
Major Legislative Areas
0 Coined the term “muckrakers”
0 The Jungle by Upton Sinclair  TR appointed commission
0 1906 Meat Inspection Act: Dictated strict cleanliness
requirements for meatpackers & created meat inspection
0 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act: Halted sale of contaminated
food and medicines and call for truth in labeling
0 Conservation: complete preservation of wilderness
0 Created 5 national parks, 18 National monuments, 51 wildlife
refuges
Trustbuster
TR Central Belief: Government had the right to regulate
big business to protect the welfare of society
0 Legislation: Sherman Antitrust Act 1890
0 Action taken: Waged suit under the Sherman Antitrust
Act against Northern Securities Company
0 Action taken: Railroad regulation, strengthen Interstate
Commerce Act
0 Legislation: Hepburn Act 1906 (limited distribution of
railroad passes aka bribes)
Progressive Leaders
(Liberals)
I.
Teddy Roosevelt: 1901 – 1908 Republican
Promised a “Square Deal”
Called the “Trustbuster”
Major Legislative Areas:
Pure Food and Drug Act
Railroad Trusts/Rebates
Conservation – Natural Resources
 Creation of National Parks
Returns to Politics as a Progressive in the election of
1912
President Taft
Progressivism Under Taft
William H. Taft: 1908 – 1912 Republican
Teddy protégé/anti-Progressive
Tariff not lowered enough
Controversy over Conservation
Republican Party Splits
I.
Conservatives Taft
Progressive T.R./Bull Moose Party
Taft Missteps
Conservation
Misstep #1
0 Payne-Aldrich Tariff:
Compromise that only
moderated higher
tariffs
0 Progressives upset
because Taft ran on
platform for lowering
tariffs
Misstep #2
0 Appointed Richard
Ballinger as secretary
of Interior
0 Opposed conservation
0 Removed 1million acres
of reserved land for
public domain
0 Fired T.R. friend
Gifford Pinchot (Chief
of the United States
Forest Service) for
publicly attacking
Ballinger’s actions
Republicans Split at Convention
0 Progressives
0 Opposed Taft:
0 Because he signed and
defended Payne-Aldrich
Tariff: compromise that only
moderated higher tariff rates
0 Seemed to oppose
conservation
0 Supported conservative boss
Joseph Cannon
0 Party: Progressive or Bull
Moose Party
0 Conservatives
0 Supported Taft:
0 Because they oppose
Progressivism,
Roosevelt & low tariffs
0 Favored business
0 Party: Republican
Party
1912 Election
0 Bull Moose Party:
Theodore Roosevelt
0 Republican: William Howard
Taft
0 Democratic: Woodrow
Wilson
0 Socialist: Eugene V. Debs
0 Support gov’t regulation
to supervise big
business
0 Favored big business,
break up trusts
0 Supported small
business & free market
0 Big business = EVIL, do
away with capitalismdistribute wealth
"No one but the President," he
said, "seems to be expected ...
to look out for the general
interests of the country."
Wilson’s New Freedom
0 New Freedom: Domestic Program aimed at attacking trusts,
tariffs, and high finance
0 Wilson’s Attack on Trusts/Monopolies
0 Clayton Antitrust Act: Strengthened Sherman Antitrust Act/ prevent
corporations from purchasing stock of other companies (if it leads to
monopoly)
0 Federal Trade Commission: “Watch dog” agency was given the
power to investigate possible violations by businesses
0 Reform Banking
0 16th Amendment: Legalized a federal income tax(tax individual
earnings and corporate profits)
0 Federal Reserve Act: Decentralized private banking
Women’s Suffrage
• Suffrage: Right to vote
• Strategies
1. Convince state legislatures
to grant women the right to
vote
2. Pursue court cases testing
the 14th
Amendment(African
American Suffrage)
Key Leaders
Susan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
drafted the amendment and
first introduced it in 1878
Carrie Chapman Catt
3. Push for national amendment granting women right
to vote.
19th Amendment
was finally ratified
in1920 and women
were given the right
to vote
Review
0 4 Goals
0 Protecting Social Welfare
0 Promoting Moral
Improvement
0 Creating Economic
Reform
0 Fostering Efficiency
0 Amendments that came
out of the Progressive
Era
0 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th
0 Theodore Roosevelt
0 Square Deal
0 William Howard Taft
0 Split the two parties
0 Woodrow Wilson
0 New Freedom
0 Woman’s suffrage
0 Key figures