School of Distance Education
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
BSc Counselling Psychology
(2011 Admission onwards)
III Semester
Core Course
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY PAPER I
Question Bank & Answer Key
Choose the correct Answer from the bracket.
1. The general pattern of growth starting from head to foot of the body
a. Proximodistal law
c. Phylogenetic function
b. Cephalocaudal Law
d. Ontogenetic Function
2. During stage 5, the adolescent will first realize the onset of …
a. an identity crisis
c. the most significant conflict a
b. role confusions
person will face
d. both A & B
3. Initiative vs. Guilt takes place during which ages?
a. 2-6
c. c) 0-1
b. b) 6-12
d. d)12-18
4. What is the term that Erikson coined?
a. Oedipus Complex
b. Self-fulfilling Prophecy
c. Identity Crisis
d. Positive Reinforcement
5. What happens if a person does not successfully resolve a crisis within a stage?
a. They regress
b. They move to the next stage without any complications
c. They move to the next stage with issues left from the previous stage
d. They do not move to the next stage
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6. Erikson is from what country?
a. Canada (North Bay)
b. USA
c. Sweden
d. Germany
7. What stage is Initiative vs. Guilt?
a. Stage 2
b. Stage 4
c. Stage 3
d. Stage 5
8.. What is Erikson most famous for?
a. Id vs. Ego
b. Identity Crisis
c. Social Learning Theory
d. Behaviorism
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9. Erik Erikson published his psychosocial development theory in the following
book?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Man and Society
War and Peace
Childhood and Society
Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone
10. Each stage in Erikson’s model of psychosocial development can be characterized
by:
a. A period of creative tension
b. An achievement scale for growth
c. A different psychological crisis
d. A and C
11. People who achieve a sense of integrity…
a. Consolidate a sense of self
b. Want to make personal changes
c. Treat themselves as the most important person in the world
d. Sink into despair
12. According to Erikson, failure to resolve the tasks of middle adulthood leads to a
sense of __________ involving a concern for one's own needs and comforts only.
a. apathy
b.self-absorption
c. despair
d. stagnation
13. A failure to develop a consistent identity results in
a. isolation
b. inferiority
c. role confusion
d. stagnation
14. Generativity refers to
a. concern for welfare of others and society as a whole.
b. the desire to have children and thereby ensure survival of the species.
c. the ability to establish adequate social and financial security.
d. active acceptance of aging and the social changes it brings.
15. The correct order of the 3 stages of human prenatal development are
a. differentiation, implantation, strengthening
b. embryo, zygote, fetus
c. embryonic, placental, umbilical
d. zygote, embryo, fetus
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16. The correct sequence of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development are
a. preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational
b. preoperational, concrete operational, sensorimotor, formal operational
c. sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
d. sensorimotor, preoperational, conventional, postconventional
17. Which of Piaget’s stages is associated with adolescence?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Formal operational
c. Preoperational
d. concrete operational
18. The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was
highlighted by
a. Erikson's psychosocial development theory
b. Piaget's cognitive development theory
c. Kohlberg's moral development theory.
d. Freud’s psychoanalytic therapy
19. Which represents the correct order of Piaget's stages of intellectual development?
a. sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational, postoperational
b. preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor
c. sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
d. preoperational, informal operational, formal operational, postoperational
20. The grasping, rooting, and sucking reflexes of infants are best described as
a. fixed action patterns.
b. instincts.
c. conditioned reflexes.
d. adaptive reflexes.
21. During the formal operations stage, children begin to
a. accurately use concepts of time, space, and number.
b. think primarily about concrete objects or situations.
c. develop the concept of object permanency.
d. think in terms of abstract principles and hypothetical possibilities.
22. Which reflex probably helps prevent falling?
a. Moro reflex
b. grasping reflex
c. rooting reflex
d. sucking reflex
23. A child is largely nonverbal, is learning to coordinate purposeful movements
with sense information, and is developing the concept of object permanence.
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The child is in Piaget's __________ stage.
a. sensorimotor
b. preoperational
c. concrete operational
d. formal operations
24. Newborn children
a. have limited sense abilities at birth and cannot feel pain at all.
b. can follow a moving object with their eyes.
c. cannot learn and must depend on the adaptive reflexes in order to
d. survive.
have extremely poor hearing.
25.
If touched on the cheek, neonates will turn their head in that direction. This is
called the
a. Moro reflex.
b. rooting reflex.
c. orientation response.
d. Babinski response.
26. Physical growth and development is called
a. readiness.
b. maturation.
c. mobility.
d. heredity.
27.
Object permanence is to sensorimotor stage as conservation and reversibility
are to
a. formal operational stage.
b. preoperational stage.
c. informal operational stage.
d. concrete operational stage.
28. Substances capable of causing birth defects are known as
a. carcinogens.
b. teratogens.
c. chorionic villi.
d. antigens.
29
Piaget is mainly known for studying
a. language development.
b. sexual development.
c. social development.
d. cognitive development.
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30. A child who thinks it gets dark so that she can sleep is demonstrating
a. object permanence.
b. imprinting.
c. deprivation dwarfism.
d. egocentrism.
31. Cephalocaudal means
a. from the center of the body to the extremities.
b. from the past to the future.
c. from the head to the toes.
d. from birth to death.
32. Each cell possesses 46 __________ that are responsible for all the genetic
information passed from parents to children.
a. genes
b. chromosomes
c. zygotes
d. gametes
33. If an infant is startled by a loud sound, it makes movements similar to an embrace.
This is called a __________ reflex.
a. grasping
b. rooting
c. Babinski
d. Moro
34 A child has learned to get his or her way with a younger sibling by using physical
intimidation. If he or she uses the same tactics on peers, this demonstrates
a. social learning.
b. classical conditioning.
c. assimilation.
d. accommodation.
35. Vygotsky's sociocultural theory suggests that a child's most important discoveries
are guided by
a. other children.
b. adults acting as tutors.
c. neither other children nor adults acting as
d. tutors.
both other children and adults acting as tutors.
36.
Proximodistal means
a. from the center of the body to the extremities.
b. from the past to the future.
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c. from the head to the toes.
d. from birth to death.
37.
38.
According to __________, all children pass through a series of distinct stages in
their intellectual development.
a. Piaget
b. Bloom
c. Watson
d. Harlow
Which of the following reflexes are related to feeding?
a. The Moro and rooting reflexes.
b. The rooting and sucking reflexes.
c. The Moro and sucking reflexes.
d. The Babinski and orienting reflexes.
39.
Developmental psychology is the study of
a. the language, personality, and emotions of children and adolescents.
b. the stages of life and the important tasks of each.
c. progressive changes in behavior and abilities from conception to death.
d. the role of maturation in the unfolding of human potential.
40.
Studies of visual perception indicate that
a. newborn babies prefer simple patterns over complex ones.
b. babies make little use of the visual sense before age 6 months.
c. infants prefer faces to colored ovals.
d. infants prefer unfamiliar faces to familiar faces.
41.
The study of changes in behavior from conception to death encompasses
a. gerontology.
b. thanatology.
c. developmental psychology.
d. social psychology.
42.
The part of a chromosome that contains "instructions" that affect a particular
process or personal characteristic is called a(n)
a. RNA.
b. gene.
c. soma.
d. protein.
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43. When a gene is __________, it must be paired with a second gene of the same type
before its effect will be expressed.
a. recessive
b. dominant
c. polygenic
d. sex-linked
44. Using existing patterns of behavior in new situations is called
a. assimilation.
b. adaptation.
c. accommodation.
d. conservation.
45. Another name for a newborn baby is a(n)
a. embryo.
b. neonate.
c. zygote.
d. fetus.
46
Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by
a. miscarriage, premature birth, and bodily defects.
b. increased birth weight.
c. genetic defects.
d. addiction to alcohol in the newborn.
47.Erik Erikson was founder of …
a. psychosocial development
b. sociological development
c. psychological development
d. both A & B
48. During the Sensorimotor Period, the most important source of information is
____.
a. language
b. emotion
c. the environment
d. vision
49. A child who failed to learn division and multiplication in grade school did not
successfully complete which of Erikson's stages of personality development?
a. autonomy vs. shame and doubt
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b. integrity vs. despair
c. industry vs. inferiority
d. initiative vs. guilt
50. According to Piaget, children would proceed through which sequence of stages
in their cognitive development?
a. sensorimotor, concrete operations, formal operations, preoperations
b. sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations
c. preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations, sensorimotor
d. sensorimotor, preoperations, formal operations, concrete operations
51. Jerry, age 67, and Al, age 65, are acquaintances. Jerry feels his life is meaningful
and enjoys his existence, but he has noticed that Al has lately withdrawn and
sees his life as a "bunch of unmet goals." These individuals illustrate which of
Erikson's stages
a. basic trust vs. mistrust
b. intimacy vs. isolation
c. generativity vs. stagnation
d. integrity vs. despair
52.A prenatal diagnostic method in which a small tube with alight source at one
end is inserted into the uterus to inspect the fetal defect
a.Ultra sound
b. Amniocentesis
c.Fetoscopy
d.Chronic villus sampling
53. -----------infants are those born three weeks or more before the pregnancy has
reached its full term
a.Preterm
b.fullterm
c.post term
d.Small term
54. The ------- part of blastocyst will become the muscle and skeletal system
a.Ectoderm
b endoderm
c.Mesoderm
d.epiderm
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55. Closing eyes to flash of light
a. Blinking
b.Grasping
c .Rooting
d. Sucking
is an example for ----------reflex
56. ------------- refers to physical skills that use large body movements, normally
involving the entire body.
a.Fine motor development
b.Gross motor development
c.Cephalocaudal
d.Proximodistal
57----------is a female sex hormone.
a. Androgen
b.TSH
c.Estrogen
d.Tropic hormone
58.----theory of aging states that Disengagement occurs when people withdraw from
roles or activities and reduce their activity levels or involvement
a. Activity theory
b. Disengagement theory
c. Life course theory
d. Continuity theory
59.
The premise of the ------- theory is that elders adapt to changes by using
strategies to maintain continuity in their lives
a. Activity theory
b. Disengagement theory
c. Life course theory
d. Continuity theory
60.The information-processing approach:
a. Analyses the different functional processes involved in cognitive development
b. Emphasizes the importance of clarity of speech and language
c. Analyses the processes involved in teaching new skills
d. Analyses the distortion of information transmission which can occur between
Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems
61.Psychoanalytic theories:
a. Assert that there is an unconscious self-actualizing force within everyone
b. Regard actions as strongly influenced by unconscious forces
c. Are strongly based on statistical evidence
d. Emphasize the underlying rationality of all human behaviour
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62. Piaget reasoned that before the individual can organize and interpret experience,
they must first:
a. Represent it mentally
b. Create schemas
c. Receive appropriate tuition
d. Intellectualize it
63.A hollow needle is inserted through the abdominal wall to obtain a sample of
fluid in the uterus.
a) Fetoscopy.
b) Amniocentesis.
c) Ultrasound.
d) Chronic villus sampling.
64
________ is a communication process designed to help couples assess their
chances of giving birth to a baby with a hereditary disorder.
a) Genetic Counselling.
b) Ultrasound.
c) Fetoscopy.
d) EEG
66. The outer layer of blastocyst is
a) Ectoderm.
b) Endoderm.
c) Mesoderm.
d) Neuron.
67. The point at which the baby can first survive called the age of -------a) Zygote.
b) Viability.
c) Embryo.
d) Fetus.
68.The ________ will become the muscle and skeletal systems.
a) Ectoderm.
b) Mesoderm.
c) Endoderm.
d) Periderm
69.________ are known as environment agents that can cause damage to the
developing fetus
a) Teratogens.
b) Chromosome.
c) DNA.
d) Gene.
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70________ is a cluster of abnormalities that appear in the offspring of mothers
who drink alcohol heavily during pregnancy.
a) Down syndrome.
b) FAS.
c) Edward syndrome.
d) Turner’s syndrome.
71According to ________ perspective, children move through a series of stages in
which they confront conflicts between biological drive and social expectations.
a) Psychoanalytic.
b) Eclectic
c) Cognitive.
d) Behavioristic
72.According to Freud Oedipus complex arises during _______ stage of
psychosocial development.
a) Phallic.
b) Oral.
c) Anal.
d) Latency.
73..According to Freud during _______ stage toilet training becomes a major issue
between parent and child.
a) Anal.
b) Phallic.
c) Oral.
d) Genital.
74.________ is known as our conscience.
a) Ego.
b) Superego.
c) ID.
d) Conscious
75________ is the largest portion of the mind, is the source of basic biological
needs and desires.
a) ID.
b) Ego.
c) Conscious.
d) Superego.
76.__________ is the Freudian structure of personality that consists of instincts,
which are an individual’s reservoir of psychic energy.
a) Superego.
b) Ego.
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c) ID.
d) Conscience.
77_________ is a defense mechanism that pushes unacceptable ID impulses
beneath awareness.
a) Repression.
b) Reaction formation.
c) Regression.
d) Projection
78. According to Freud ________ is called the executive branch of personality.
a) ID.
b) Superego.
c) Ego.
d) Projection.
79.In _______, the goal is to describe the strength of relationship between two or
more events.
a) Experimental method.
b) Correlational method.
c) Longitudinal method.
d) Cross sectional method.
80.Experimental method
experimenter.
a) Independent variable.
b) Dependent variable.
c) Experimental variable.
d) Control group.
includes
________
variable
manipulate
by
the
81. .A _______ is a comparison group that is treated in every way like the
experimental group except for the independent variable.
a) Experimental group.
b) Control group.
c) Dependent group.
d) Random group.
82________ is a strategy in which the same individuals are studied over a period
of time.
a) Cross sectional approach.
b) Longitudinal approach.
c) Sequential approach.
d) Cohort effect.
83.According to Freud in the _______ stage boys develop attachment to their
mother and girls to their father.
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a)
b)
c)
d)
Anal.
Phallic.
Latency.
Genital
84._________ is an approach which describes observed behaviour as a predictable
response to experience.
a) Behaviourism.
b) Structuralism.
c) Fucntionalism.
d) Gestalt
85. Piaget’s term for adjustment to new information about the environment.
a) Assimilation.
b) Organization.
c) Adaptation
d. Permanence
86. Eriksons theory is known as
a) Psychosocial theory development.
b) Moral theory development.
c) Socio-biological.
d) Cognitive development
87 _______ is a method in which data are collected on same person over a period
of time.
a) Longitudinal.
b) Cross sectional.
c) Sequential.
d) Experimental
88.First 2 weeks of prenatal period is ________
a) Embryonic.
b) Fetal.
c) Germinal
d) Sequential
89. The lower layer the ________ will become the digestive system, liver, pancreas,
and respiratory system.
a) Ectoderm
b) Endoderm.
c) Mesoderm
d) Periderm
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90. Social learning theory is proposed by
a) Bandura.
b) Watson.
c) Skinner.
d) Pavlov
91. Which of the following is not part of the process of conception?
a) fertilization
b)fragmentation
c) implantation
d) Ovulation
92. A normal human pregnancy lasts ca.
a) 280 days
b) 200 days
c) 320 days
d)180 days
93 During stage 2, ideally the toddler will develop an appropriate sense of
autonomy, if not he or she will then …
a) suffer from dependence
b) have little shame or doubt
c) be excessively impulsive
d) suffer from independence
94 According to Erikson’s epigenetic principles, the negative personality
tendencies that typically result from troubles during a stage of development are
usually …
a) maladjustment and maladaptive
b) maladaptive and malignant
c) malignant and maladjustment
d) malady and malignancy
95. According to Erikson, during Stage 4 …
a) peers become more important than in previous stages
b) parents exert less influence on a child’s development than ever before
c) teachers play an increasing role in a child’s development
d) all the above
96. When does a person reach the latency stage and develop a capacity for
industry?
a) when they begin to tame their imagination
b) during stage three
c) during stage four
d) both A & C
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97. During stage 5, the adolescent will first realize the onset of …
a) an identity crisis
b) role confusions
c) the most significant conflict a person will face
d) all the above
98. Children who are given unrestricted freedom …
a) develop a healthy sense of autonomy
b) are not able to be appropriately toilet trained
c) develop a sense of guilt
d) develop the impression that they are not good for anything
99. -------- Viewed the child as a tabula rasa—Latin for “blank slate.”
a) John Locke
b) Darwin
c) Stanley Hall
d) Stanley Hall
100. --------------studies combine both longitudinal and cross sectional methods in
an attempt to both shorten the length of the research and minimize developmental
assumptions.
a) Cross sectional approach.
b) Longitudinal approach.
c) Sequential approach.
d) Cohort effect
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ANSWER KEY
1.
B
26.
B
51.
D
76.
C
2.
B
27.
D
52.
C
77.
A
3.
A
28.
B
53.
A
78.
C
4.
C
29.
D
54.
C
79.
B
5.
C
30.
D
55.
A
80.
A
6.
D
31.
C
56.
B
81.
B
7.
C
32.
B
57.
C
82.
B
8.
B
33.
D
58.
B
83.
B
9.
C
34.
C
59.
D
84.
A
10. C
35.
B
60.
A
85.
C
11. A
36.
A
61.
B
86.
A
12. D
37.
A
62.
B
87.
A
13. C
38.
B
63.
B
88.
C
14. B
39.
C
64.
A
89.
C
15. D
40
C
65.
90
A
16. C
41.
C
66.
A
91.
B
17. B
42.
B
67.
B
92.
A
18. A
43.
A
68.
B
93.
A
19. C
44.
A
69.
A
94.
B
20. D
45.
B
70.
B
95.
D
21. D
46.
A
71.
A
96.
D
22. B
47.
A
72.
A
97.
D
23. A
48.
C
73.
A
98.
D
24. B
49.
C
74.
B
99.
A
25. B
50
B
75.
A
100. C
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