X208/301
NATIONAL
QUALIFICATIONS
2010
MONDAY, 31 MAY
9.00 AM – 10.30 AM
GEOGRAPHY
HIGHER
Paper 1
Physical and
Human Environments
Six questions should be attempted, namely:
all four questions in Section A (Questions 1, 2, 3 and 4);
one question from Section B (Question 5 or Question 6);
one question from Section C (Question 7 or Question 8).
Write the numbers of the six questions you have attempted in the marks grid on the back cover of
your answer booklet.
The value attached to each question is shown in the margin.
Credit will be given for appropriate maps and diagrams, and for reference to named examples.
Questions should be answered in sentences.
Note
The reference maps and diagrams in this paper have been printed in black only: no other
colours have been used.
PB X208/301 6/13810
*X208/301*
©
Marks
SECTION A: Answer ALL questions in this section
Question 1: Atmosphere
Study Diagram Q1.
(a)
(b)
Describe the human factors that may lead to the global temperature projection
shown in the diagram.
10
Describe and explain the possible consequences of global warming.
10
4
3
2
1
Long term mean
–1
1900
1950
2000
Year
[X208/301]
Page two
2050
2100
Temperature: difference from long term mean
(° C)
Diagram Q1: Global Warming Projection
Marks
Question 2: Lithosphere
Study Diagram Q2.
Scree is a feature of both glaciated and limestone upland landscapes.
(a)
Describe and explain the conditions and processes which encourage the formation
of scree slopes.
7
Corries are landscape features in glaciated upland areas.
(b)
With the aid of annotated diagrams, explain the processes involved in the formation
of a corrie.
Diagram Q2: Scree
Bare rock
Scree slope
[Turn over
[X208/301]
Page three
9
Marks
Question 3: Population Geography
Map Q3 shows the main origins of UK immigrants during 2005/2006.
(a)
Describe and suggest reasons for the patterns shown on Map Q3.
10
(b)
With reference to a migration flow you have studied, describe the impact on either
the donor or receiving country.
6
Map Q3: Main Origins of UK Immigrants 2005/2006
[X208/301]
Page four
Marks
Question 4: Urban Geography
Study OS Map Extract number 1788/105: York (separate item), and Map Q4.
(a)
(b)
(c)
What map evidence suggests that the Central Business District of York lies within
Area A?
6
For either Area B or Area C, explain the advantages of its location and environment
for its residents.
7
Using map evidence, explain why the southward expansion of York into Area D
may create land use conflicts.
7
Map Q4: Location of urban areas in York
45
45
58
58
58
58
59
59
61
61
65
65
58
58
56
56
AREA
B
53
53
AREA A
51
51
50
50
AREA D
48
48
AREA
C
47
47
46
46
44
44
45
45
56
56
57
57
58
58
63
63
[Turn over
[X208/301]
Page five
44
44
65
65
Marks
SECTION B: Answer ONE question from this section,
ie either Question 5 or Question 6.
Question 5: Hydrosphere
Study OS Map Extract number 1788/105: York (separate item).
(a)
Meanders have formed on the River Nidd from GR 450542 to its confluence with
the River Ouse GR 513578.
Describe and explain, with the aid of a diagram or diagrams, how a meander is
formed.
(b)
8
Study the OS Map Extract and Map Q5.
“The 2000 floods were the worst in York since records began and the River Ouse reached
a height of 5·3 metres above its normal summer level.”
(BBC News, November 2000)
With the aid of map evidence, explain the physical and human factors which may
have contributed to the flooding in York after periods of extreme rainfall.
Map Q5: Flooded areas of York, 2000
Main roads
Areas flooded
[X208/301]
Page six
6
Marks
DO NOT ANSWER THIS QUESTION IF YOU HAVE
ALREADY ANSWERED QUESTION 5
Question 6: Biosphere
Study Diagram Q6 which shows some of the factors involved in vegetation succession on
sand dunes.
Explain why there is a change in vegetation cover and species as you move inland from
the beach. You should refer to named plant species in your answer.
Diagram Q6: Factors involved in sand dune succession
[Turn over
[X208/301]
Page seven
14
Marks
SECTION C: Answer ONE question from this section,
ie either Question 7 or Question 8.
Question 7: Rural Geography
“Mechanisation has led to major changes in commercial arable farming.”
(a)
(i) Suggest why farmers have invested in increased mechanisation.
(ii) Explain the impact of increased mechanisation on the environment.
(b)
8
Study Diagram Q7 which shows some of the other recent changes in commercial
arable farming.
Describe and explain two of the changes shown in Diagram Q7.
6
Diagram Q7: Recent changes in commercial arable farming
GM foods/genetic engineering
The use of contractors
Growth of organic farming
CHANGES
Soil conservation banks
Growth in demand for bio-fuels
Availability of woodland grants
[X208/301]
EU policies
Page eight
Marks
DO NOT ANSWER THIS QUESTION IF YOU HAVE
ALREADY ANSWERED QUESTION 7
Question 8: Industrial Geography
This question has been removed due to copyright restrictions.
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
[X208/301]
Page nine
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Question 5(b)—Quote is adapted from “Relief for York, for now,” which is taken from BBC
News, Saturday 4 November 2000. Reproduced by kind permission of BBC News.
[BLANK PAGE]
[BLANK PAGE]