America`s Sweet Tooth Obsession and Its Impact on Oral

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America’s Sweet Tooth Obsession and Its Impact on Oral and Systemic Health
Resources
‡”‹…ƒǯ•™‡‡–‘‘–Š„•‡••‹‘Ƭ–•’ƒ…–‘”ƒŽƬ›•–‡‹…‡ƒŽ–Š
Karen Davis, RDH, BSDH
Sucrose: 50 %Fructose / 50% Glucose
High Fructose Corn Syrup: 45% Fructose / 55% Glucose
American Heart Association 2009 Dietary Sugar Intake & Cardiovascular
Health Scientific Statement:
x Worldwide pandemic of obesity & cardiovascular disease warrants new AHA
recommendations due to emerging evidence as to the relationship between
sugar consumption & cardiovascular health
x Sugar consumption liked with metabolic diseases, adverse health conditions,
and shortfalls of obtaining essential nutrients
x Daily consumption has increased 20% over past 35 years for Americans
x Current daily consumption greatly exceeds discretionary calorie allowances
from the US Dietary Guidelines
Average consumption of Added Sugar daily = 350 Ȃ 470 calories
Translates into 22 Ȃ 34 teaspoons daily or 88 Ȃ 136 grams daily
2009 AHA Daily Recommendations: Women 6 ½ tsps or 25 grams & for Men 8 ½
tsps or 38 grams
Added Sugars By Other Names:
HFCS
Brown Sugar
Maple Syrup
Evaporated Cane Juice
Corn Syrup
Fructose
Agave Syrup
Juice Concentrates
Sucrose
www.ycchololate.com - Xylitol flavored chocolate bars
www.dentalantioxidants.com - Clearing house for antioxidant studies
www.Periosciences.com - Localized antioxidants for the oral cavity
Low Fructose / Low GI
Blackberry
Grapefruit
Lemon / Lime
Nectarine
Raspberry
Wild Strawberry
High Fructose / High GI
Ripe Banana
Grapes
Dates
Raisins
Mango
Custard Apples
Karen Davis, RDH, BSDH * 646 Goodwin Drive Richardson, TX 75081 * 972.669.1555 *
[email protected] * www.karendavis.net
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ineedce.com
America’s Sweet Tooth Obsession and Its Impact on Oral and Systemic Health
Resources
Sugar Alcohols:
ƒ”„‘Š›†”ƒ–‡•…ƒŽŽ‡†Dz’‘Ž›‘Ž•dz
Occur naturally in plants
Not completely absorbed
Less Glycemic Index than sucrose
Fewer calories per gram
Do not promote decay
Sugar & Sugar Alcohol Comparison
Ingredient
Sucrose (sugar)
Malitol Syrup
Malitol
Xylitol
Isomalt
Sorbitol
Lactitol
Mannitol
Erythritol
Sweetness
100%
75%
75%
100%
55%
60%
35%
60%
70%
GI
60
52
36
7
9
9
6
0
0
Calories / gram
4
3
2.7
2.5
2
2.5
2
1.5
0.2
FDA Approved Sweeteners as Additives
SACCHARIN
Sweet-n-Low
1879
͵ͲͲǯ•
sweeter
100 countries
Bitter
aftertaste high
conc.
Heat stable
Added to
Aspartame in
soft drinks
Substitute &
commercial
ASPARTAME
NutraSweet
Equal
1981
ʹͲͲǯ•
sweeter
Greatest use
worldwide
Most
controversial
sweetener
Not heat stable
Must be
avoided by
those with
PKT
Substitute
NEOTAME
SUCROLOSE
Splenda
ACELSUFAME
POTASSIUM
2002
7000 Ȃ 13,000
sweeter
US, AK, UK
1998
͸ͲͲǯ•
sweeter
80+ countries
1988
ʹͲͲǯ•
sweeter
30+ countries
Cousin to
Aspartame
Chemicallyaltered
sucrose
Heat stable
Trichlorination
process
Bitter
aftertaste high
conc.
Heat stable
Blended with
other
sweeteners
Substitute &
commercial
Mostly
commercial
Heat stable
No amino acid
concern for
those with
PKT
Commercial
Karen Davis, RDH, BSDH * 646 Goodwin Drive Richardson, TX 75081 * 972.669.1555 *
[email protected] * www.karendavis.net
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America’s Sweet Tooth Obsession and Its Impact on Oral and Systemic Health
Resources
FDA GRAS Sweeteners (Generally Recognized As Safe)
ERYTHRITOL
Fruits,
fermented
foods
60-70%
STEVIA
Natural herb
Paraguay
1996
200-͵ͲͲǯ•
sweeter
2008
0.2 calories/g
Heat stable
< 50 g/day
Absorbed/not
metabolized
less GI distress
Non-caloric
Heat stable
No daily limit
Bitter
aftertaste high
concentrations
ISOMALT
Beets Ȃ
glucose &
mannitol
40-50%
SORBITOL
Stone fruits,
berries
MALTITOL
Maltose from
starches
60%
70-90%
1990
1963
2.1 calories/g
Heat stable
< 29 g/meal
Partially
absorbed &
metabolized
1986 petition
filed
2.5 calories/g
2.7 calories/g
Heat stable
Heat stable
<23 g/meal
< 100 g/day
*Large amts.
Partially
Laxative effect absorbed &
Caution w/ IBS metabolized
Caution regarding prolonged use of sorbitol, isomalt, HSH found in hard
candies and mints!
XYLITOL
Berries, oats, mushrooms, extracted from hardwood trees
100% as sweet as sucrose
1963
4 calories/g
Heat stable
>50 g/day / Kinder to GI than sorbitol, mannitol
Ear & yeast infections, Osteoporosis, Anti-cariogenic, stimulates salivary flow
Toxic to dogs
www.xylitol.org - Xylitol product guide
www.xlear.com - Mints, gum, xylitol crystals toothpaste & nose spray
www.xywater.com - Xylitol infused water
www.orahealth.com - Xylimelts
www.carifree.com - products for infants & children
www.3MESPE.com - mints & gum
www.xylishield.com - gum, mints, toothpaste, mouth rinse
2005 & 2010 US Dietary Guidelines for Americans
x
x
x
Empty calories = SOFAS: Solid Fats & Added Sugars
Limit SOFAS after nutrient-dense foods from each category are consumed
Age, Gender & Physical Activity determine recommended ranges of 8 Ȃ 20%
of empty calories from total calories
Karen Davis, RDH, BSDH * 646 Goodwin Drive Richardson, TX 75081 * 972.669.1555 *
[email protected] * www.karendavis.net
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America’s Sweet Tooth Obsession and Its Impact on Oral and Systemic Health
Resources
Example:
Females 31 Ȃ 50 / Less than 30 min. moderate exercise daily / 1800 calories
/ 160 Empty Calories
Males 31 Ȃ 50 / Less than 30 min. moderate exercise daily / 2200 calories /
265 Empty Calories
x
www.ChooseMyPlate.gov - Dz›ƒ‹Ž›Žƒdzˆ‘”›‘—””‡…‘‡†ƒ–‹‘•„ƒ•‡†
upon age, gender and physical activity
Obesity by the Stats
x >60% of the global disease burden will be associated with obesity by 2020
x US obesity doubled in adults and tripled in children in the last 3 decades
x 2/3 of population overweight with BMI: 25, or obese with BMI: 30+
x ͺͷΨ‘ˆ…Ћކ”‡™‹–Š›’‡†‹ƒ„‡–‡•ƒ”‡‘„‡•‡ǣDz‹ƒ„‡•‹–›dz
x Direct & Indirect costs from obesity >$147 billion in 2008
x Obesity associated with metabolic disorders, Type II diabetes, CVD, colon
cancer & breast cancer
Current Genomics 9:239, 2008
Systemic Impact of High Sugar Consumption
x Adverse effects on HDL & Triglyceride levels
x May worsen control of diabetes
x Compromises intake of dietary vitamin & mineral intake
Circulation 106:526, 2002
Systemic Impact of Fructose
x Increased Triglyceride levels
x Increased visceral fat mass
x Decreased insulin sensitivity
x Weight gain
x Unfavorable lipid metabolism
x Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease NAFLD
Journal of Clinical Investigation 119: 1322, 2009
Excessive Sugar Consumption
x Increases risk for Type II diabetes
x Increases blood pressure levels
x Increases risk for heart disease & stroke
x Fructose increases proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells
Journal of Cancer Research 7: 6368, 2010
Journal of American Society of Nephrology 2010
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 89: 1037, 2009
Karen Davis, RDH, BSDH * 646 Goodwin Drive Richardson, TX 75081 * 972.669.1555 *
[email protected] * www.karendavis.net
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America’s Sweet Tooth Obsession and Its Impact on Oral and Systemic Health
Resources
Most aggressive dissolution on the enamel: non-cola sodas, energy / sports drinks,
commercial lemonades and any drinks that combine fructose & citric acid
General Dentistry 53: 28, 2005
Bacterial Testing
x CRT® Bacteria by Ivoclar Vivadent www.ivoclarvivadent.us
x Tests for Strep Mutans & Lactobacilli to identify risk & implement
intervention before lesions appear
x Culture results in 2 days
x CariScreen Susceptibility Testing Meter by CariFree® www.carifree.com
x 1 minute chairside detection of Streptococci bacterial load
x ATP bioluminescence
x Assigns risk of caries between 0 Ȃ 9999. (1500 of lower considered healthy)
Salivary Testing
x Saliva Check ® by GC America
x Measures salivary production
x Resting & chewing pH
x Measures buffering capacity of saliva to minimize acidic challenges
Remineralization Reality
Remineralization is the natural repair process where calcium and phosphate form a
new sub-surface mineral coating, which is less soluble than the original surface,
especially in the presence of fluoride.
Dimensions of Dental Hygiene April 2010, 4 print
Remineralization Opportunities
AMORPHOUS CALCIUM PHOSPATE
Ȉ‹ŽŽ•†‡ˆ‡…–•
Ȉ…”‡ƒ•‡•2 bioavailability
Ȉ…”‡ƒ•‡•Ž—•–‡”
TRI-CALCIUM PHOSPHATE
ȈƒŽ…‹—Ƭ’Š‘•’Šƒ–‡™‘”•›‡”‰‹•–‹…ƒŽŽ›™‹–ŠŽ—‘”‹†‡
Ȉˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡‹‡—–”ƒŽ‘”ƒ…‹†‹…’
ȈŠƒ…‡•surface & subsurface mineralization
NOVAMIN
Ȉƒ‹•‡•’ε͹
Ȉ”‡ƒ–‡•Žƒ›‡”‘ˆŠ›†”‘šƒ’ƒ–‹–‡Ƭ”‡†—…‡••‡•‹–‹˜‹–›
Ȉ–‹‹…”‘„‹ƒŽ
Karen Davis, RDH, BSDH * 646 Goodwin Drive Richardson, TX 75081 * 972.669.1555 *
[email protected] * www.karendavis.net
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America’s Sweet Tooth Obsession and Its Impact on Oral and Systemic Health
Resources
CALCIUM PHOSPHOPEPTITE & AMORPHOUS CALCIUM PHOSPHATE Ȃ
RECALDENT®
Ȉ‹†•–‘–‘‘–ŠƬ’Žƒ“—‡
Ȉ‡‹‡”ƒŽ‹œ‡s sub-surface lesions
Ȉ‡‘˜‡•™Š‹–‡•’‘–އ•‹‘•
FLUORIDE
Ȉ†Š‡”‡•–‘’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ›†‡‹‡”ƒŽ‹œ‡†…”›•–ƒŽŽ‹–‡•
Ȉ––”ƒ…–•…ƒŽ…‹—Ƭ’Š‘•’Šƒ–‡
ȈAntimicrobial effect
CAMBRA
www.cdafoundation.org/journal - Part I October 2011 & Part II November
2011
www.ada.org
Remineralization Realtity for the MODERATE Caries Risk Patient
ƕXylitol 6-8g daily (2 pieces of gum or 2 mints 4 times/day)
ƕOTC Fluoride-containing toothpaste twice/daily
ƕ.05% fluoride rinse daily
ƕCalcium Phosphate paste for exposed roots or sensitivity
ƕSealants on pits and fissures at risk
ƕ1-2 applications of Fluoride varnish
ƕRecare exam every 4Ȃ6 months to evaluate risk
ƕBitewings 18Ȃ24 months
ƕPower toothbrush for daily plaque removal
Adapted from Dimensions of Dental Hygiene April 2010, 7 print
Remineralization Reality for the HIGH Risk Caries Patient
ƕXylitol 6-8g daily (2 pieces of gum or 2 mints 4 times/day)
ƕChlorhexidine rinse 0.12% 10 ml daily for 1 week/month
ƕ1.1% fluoride toothpaste twice daily
ƕCalcium Phosphate paste several times per day
ƕSealants on pits and fissures at risk
ƕ1-3 applications of Fluoride varnish
ƕRecare exam every 3-4 months to evaluate risk
ƕBitewings 6Ȃ18 months
ƕPower toothbrush for daily plaque removal
Adapted from Dimensions of Dental Hygiene April 2010, 7 print
Karen Davis, RDH, BSDH * 646 Goodwin Drive Richardson, TX 75081 * 972.669.1555 *
[email protected] * www.karendavis.net
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America’s Sweet Tooth Obsession and Its Impact on Oral and Systemic Health
Resources
www.brushdj.com
Tips for Gaining Control of the Sugar Binge for Improved Health
1. Read labels and decide wisely!
2. Set limits for empty calories daily
ƕReduce sugar-sweetened drinks and foods
3. Substitute sugar alcohols for sugar in foods & beverages
4. Count sugar grams throughout the day
5. Use Xylitol gum or mints following meals
6. Reduce cravings with substitution
ƕSnack on almonds, walnuts & cheese & substitute fresh fruit for desserts
7. Prepare foods with fresh herbs to increase satisfaction with meals
8. Enjoy the delectable in moderation, on occasion
9. Increase physical activity
10. Drink more water!
Karen Davis, RDH, BSDH * 646 Goodwin Drive Richardson, TX 75081 * 972.669.1555 *
[email protected] * www.karendavis.net
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