APA Referencing – U.S. State Abbreviations
Publisher locations in the United States of America (U.S.A)
Some rules apply when referencing publisher locations within the U.S. When citing U.S.
publisher locations in your reference list, give the city and state abbreviation (American
Psychological Association, 2012, p. 187), followed by the name of the publisher. For
example:
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Publisher locations outside the U.S.
When citing publisher locations outside the U.S. in your reference list, give the city and the
country name (American Psychological Association, 2012, p. 187), followed by the name of
the publisher. For example:
Auckland, New Zealand: Oxford Press.
Abbreviated states and territories
of the United States of America
AL = Alabama
AK = Alaska
AR = Arkansas
AS = American Samoa
AZ = Arizona
CA = California
CO = Colorado
CT = Connecticut
CZ = Canal Zone
DC = District of Columbia
DE = Delaware
FL = Florida
GA = Georgia
GU = Guam
HI = Hawaii
IA = Iowa
ID = Idaho
IL = Illinois
IN = Indiana
KS = Kansas
KY = Kentucky
LA = Louisiana
MA = Massachusetts
MD = Maryland
ME = Maine
MI = Michigan
MN = Minnesota
MO = Missouri
MS = Mississippi
MT = Montana
NC = North Carolina
ND = North Dakota
NE = Nebraska
NH = New Hampshire
NJ = New Jersey
NM = New Mexico
NV = Nevada
NY = New York
OH = Ohio
OK = Oklahoma
OR = Oregon
PA = Pennsylvania
PR = Puerto Rico
RI = Rhode Island
SC = South Carolina
SD = South Dakota
TN = Tennessee
TX = Texas
UT = Utah
VA = Virginia
VI = Virgin Islands
VT = Vermont
WA = Washington
WI = Wisconsin
WV = West Virginia
WY = Wyoming
Revised November 2015