Unit 2 Learning Outcomes Grade 7 CLAIMS 1-Concept and Procedures 2-Problem Solving 3-Communicating 4-Modeling and Data Analysis CLUSTERS (SBAC TARGETS) TARGET C: Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions. TARGET D: Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations. MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them Reason abstractly and quantitatively Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others Model with mathematics Use appropriate tools strategically Attend to precision Look for and make use of structure Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning STANDARDS 7th Framework Pages 24-27, 8th p.15 Benchmark Blueprint Notes Use this section to write information from the framework 7.EE.1 Apply properties of operations as strategies to add, subtract, factor, and expand linear expressions with rational coefficients. 3 SR • 7.EE.2 Understand that rewriting an expression in different forms in a problem context can shed light on the problem and how the quantities in it are related. For example, a + 0.05a = 1.05a means that “increase by 5%” is the same as “multiply by 1.05.” 3 SR 1 CR • 3 SR PT (Part A) • 7.EE.3 Solve multi-step real-life and mathematical problems posed with positive and negative rational numbers in any form (whole numbers, fractions, and decimals), using tools strategically. Apply properties of operations to calculate with numbers in any form; convert between forms as appropriate; and assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies. For example: If a woman making $25 an hour gets a 10% raise, she will make an additional 1/10 of her salary an hour, or $2.50, for a new salary of $27.50. If you want to place a towel bar 9 3/4 inches long in the center of a door that is 27 ½ inches wide, you will need to place the bar about 9 inches from each edge; this estimate can be used as a check on the exact computation. 1 • • Distribute property plays a prominent role in understanding of placement, where coefficient can be placed before or after parenthesis. Ample opportunities should be provided for students to rewrite expressions in different ways. This will grant students the ability to approach a task from multiple perspectives. Ensure that tasks include multiple forms of values to warrant student use of various strategies for problem-solving. Encourage students to explain and justify validity of solutions. Opportunities exist for mathematical practices within problem-solving. 8th TARGET D: Major: Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations. 7.EE.4 Use variables to represent quantities in a real-world or mathematical problem, and construct simple equations and inequalities to solve problems by reasoning about the quantities. a. Solve word problems leading to equations of the form px + q = r and p(x+q) = r and where p, q, and r are specific rational numbers. Solve equations of these forms fluently. Compare an algebraic solution to an arithmetic solution, identifying the sequence of the operations used in each approach. For example, the perimeter of a rectangle is 54 cm. Its length is 6 cm. What is its width? b. Solve word problems leading to inequalities of the form px + q > r or px + q < r, where p, q, and r are specific rational numbers. Graph the solution set of the inequality and interpret it in the context of the problem. For example: As a salesperson, you are paid $50 per week plus $3 per sale. This week you want your pay to be at least $100. Write an inequality for the number of sales you need to make, and describe the solutions. 8.EE.7 Solve linear equations in one variable. a. Give examples of linear equations in one variable with one solution, infinitely many solutions, or no solutions. Show which of these possibilities is the case by successively transforming the given equation into simpler forms, until an equivalent equation of the form x = a, a = a, or a = b results (where a and b are different numbers). b. Solve linear equations with rational number coefficients, including equations whose solutions require expanding expressions using the distributive property and collecting like terms. 4 SR PT (Part B) • • 4 SR PT (Part C & D) • Students solve problems that result in basic linear equations and inequalities. Opportunities exist for mathematical practices within problem-solving. Students demonstrate success with this skill by simplifying expressions into combined like terms, using properties and decomposition methods. Major (Priority)- Areas of intensive focus where students need fluent understanding and application of the core concepts. These clusters require greater emphasis than the others based on the depth of the ideas, the time that they take to master, and/or their importance to future mathematics or the demands of college and career readiness Supporting- Rethinking and linking; areas where some material is being covered, but in a way that applies core understanding; designed to support and strengthen Additional- Expose students to other subjects; may not connect tightly or explicitly to the major work of the grade 6th 6.EE.3 6.EE.4 6.EE.6 6.EE.8 6.NS.3 Benchmark Item Types and Points Grade Level Progressions 7th Accelerated 8th/8th Algebra 7.EE.1 8.EE.4 7.EE.2 8.EE.7 7.EE.3 A-CED 7.EE.4 N-Q 8.EE.7 A-SSE A-REI 17 Selected Responses (1 point each) 1 Constructed Response (2 points) 1 Performance Task with 4 parts (6 points) 2 Mathematical Task Development Purpose: At the end of the unit, students should be able to make connections with the learning of concepts and skills, problem solving, modeling, analysis, communication and reasoning. Students should be able to perform at higher levels of complexity in their thinking and application of the math content. Task Development Mathematical tasks should… • • • • • • Integrate knowledge and skills across multiple claims and targets Measure depth of understanding, research skills, complex analysis Take age appropriate development into consideration Engage students in relevant and interesting topics Have an authentic purpose and connected components Accessible to all learners Professional Learning Community will… Step 1: Consider the learning targets needed to be mastered throughout the unit. Step 2: Consider the Depth of Knowledge or level of complexity that students will need to perform. (DOK 1) Recall and Reproduction (DOK 2) Skills and Concepts/ Basic Reasoning • Recall of a fact, information or procedure • Recall or recognize fact • Recall or recognize definition • Recall or recognize term • Recall and use a simple procedure • Perform a simple algorithm. • Follow a set procedure • Apply a formula • A one-step, well-defined, and straight algorithm procedure. • Perform a clearly defined series of steps • Identify • Recognize • Use appropriate tools • Measure • Students make some decisions as to how to approach the problem • Skill/Concept • Basic Application of a skill or concept • Classify • Organize • Estimate • Make observations • Collect and display data • Compare data • Imply more than one step • Visualization Skills • Probability Skills • Explain purpose and use of experimental procedures. • Carry out experimental procedures Performance Task Expectations (DOK 3) (DOK 4) Strategic Thinking/ Extended Thinking/ Reasoning Complex Reasoning • Requires reasoning, planning using evidence and a higher level of thinking • Strategic Thinking • Freedom to make choices • Explain your thinking • Make conjectures • Cognitive demands are complex and abstract • Conjecture, plan, abstract, explain • Justify • Draw conclusions from observations • Cite evidence and develop logical arguments for concepts • Explain phenomena in terms of concepts • Performance tasks • Authentic writing • Project-based assessment • Complex, reasoning, planning, developing and thinking • Cognitive demands of the tasks are high • Work is very complex • Students make connections within the content area or among content areas • Select one approach among alternatives • Design and conduct experiments • Relate findings to concepts and phenomena To view full list of DOK descriptors, visit http://education.ky.gov/curriculum/docs/documents/cca_dok_support_808_mathematics.pdf 3 Mathematics Depth of Knowledge Levels by Norman L. Webb Level 1 (Recall) includes the recall of information such as a fact, definition, term, or a simple procedure, as well as performing a simple algorithm or applying a formula. That is, in mathematics a one-step, well-defined, and straight algorithmic procedure should be included at this lowest level. Other key words that signify a Level 1 include “identify,” “recall,” “recognize,” “use,” and “measure.” Verbs such as “describe” and “explain” could be classified at different levels depending on what is to be described and explained. Level 2 (Skill/Concept) includes the engagement of some mental processing beyond a habitual response. A Level 2 assessment item requires students to make some decisions as to how to approach the problem or activity, whereas Level 1 requires students to demonstrate a rote response, perform a well-known algorithm, follow a set procedure (like a recipe), or perform a clearly defined series of steps. Keywords that generally distinguish a Level 2 item include “classify,” “organize,” ”estimate,” “make observations,” “collect and display data,” and “compare data.” These actions imply more than one step. For example, to compare data requires first identifying characteristics of the objects or phenomenon and then grouping or ordering the objects. Some action verbs, such as “explain,” “describe,” or “interpret” could be classified at different levels depending on the object of the action. For example, if an item required students to explain how light affects mass by indicating there is a relationship between light and heat, this is considered a Level 2. Interpreting information from a simple graph, requiring reading information from the graph, also is a Level 2. Interpreting information from a complex graph that requires some decisions on what features of the graph need to be considered and how information from the graph can be aggregated is a Level 3. Caution is warranted in interpreting Level 2 as only skills because some reviewers will interpret skills very narrowly, as primarily numerical skills, and such interpretation excludes from this level other skills such as visualization skills and probability skills, which may be more complex simply because they are less common. Other Level 2 activities include explaining the purpose and use of experimental procedures; carrying out experimental procedures; making observations and collecting data; classifying, organizing, and comparing data; and organizing and displaying data in tables, graphs, and charts. Level 3 (Strategic Thinking) requires reasoning, planning, using evidence, and a higher level of thinking than the previous two levels. In most instances, requiring students to explain their thinking is a Level 3. Activities that require students to make conjectures are also at this level. The cognitive demands at Level 3 are complex and abstract. The complexity does not result from the fact that there are multiple answers, a possibility for both Levels 1 and 2, but because the task requires more demanding reasoning. An activity, however, that has more than one possible answer and requires students to justify the response they give would most likely be a Level 3. Other Level 3 activities include drawing conclusions from observations; citing evidence and developing a logical argument for concepts; explaining phenomena in terms of concepts; and using concepts to solve problems. Level 4 (Extended Thinking) requires complex reasoning, planning, developing, and thinking most likely over an extended period of time. The extended time period is not a distinguishing factor if the required work is only repetitive and does not require applying significant conceptual understanding and higher-order thinking. For example, if a student has to take the water temperature from a river each day for a month and then construct a graph, this would be classified as a Level 2. However, if the student is to conduct a river study that requires taking into consideration a number of variables, this would be a Level 4. At Level 4, the cognitive demands of the task should be high and the work should be very complex. Students should be required to make several connections—relate ideas within the content area or among content areas—and have to select one approach among many alternatives on how the situation should be solved, in order to be at this highest level. Level 4 activities include designing and conducting experiments; making connections between a finding and related concepts and phenomena; combining and synthesizing ideas into new concepts; and critiquing experimental designs. 4 Collaborative Team Planning Guide SEGMENT 1: Algebraic Expressions What do I want my students to know and be able to do? Questions to Consider • • • • • • • Application of Mathematical Practices (Behaviors/Actions) How can framework examples help make sense of mathematical tasks? How will we use number talks along with conceptual strategies to check for reasonable responses and build fluency? What tools/models are appropriate in demonstrating mastery towards the skills addressed by the standard/cluster? What misconceptions/errors do the frameworks anticipate with this particular skill set? Which correlating lessons are appropriate in rigor in alignment to clusters and standards as presented in the frameworks? What does the framework say about grade-level specific mathematical practices and implementation? What previous skills/concepts were addressed in previous grade(s) in order to make connections to current learning? Standard 7.EE.1 7.EE.2 Content Objective Language Objective Social Objective What will my students learn? What language will my students use? What will my students do as they learn? 7.EE.1 7.EE.2 5 Language Functions and Considerations Vocabulary (specialized, technical): (7.EE.1, 7.EE.2) I can use the following math words: coefficient, constant, distributive property, equivalent expressions, factor, factored form, like terms, linear expression, simplest form, simplifying the expression, term Structure/Syntax (The way words and vocabulary are used to express ideas): (7.EE.1, 7.EE.2) I will use the following sentence frame to explain my reasoning when writing equivalent expressions: The expression ____ can be simplified as ____ because ____. Example: The expression 5y + 3 + 2y can be simplified as 7y + 3 because 5y and 2y are like terms. Function (The intended use of language): (7.EE.1, 7.EE.2) I can explain my thinking about writing equivalent expressions. Language Function: Explain—Phrases or sentences to express the rationale, reasons, causes, or relationships related to one or more actions, events, ideas, or processes. (nouns, coordinating conjunctions – so, for, adverbials – therefore, subject-verb agreement) Sample Problem: Explain another approach to the representation of a + 0.05a = 1.05a. I know that _____ is the same as ______, so _______ is the same as ________. Therefore, this expression can be represented as ___________. Example: I know that 0.05a is the same as 5% of a, so a is the same as 100% of a. Therefore, this expression can be represented as a + 5% of a = 105% of a. Curricular Connections: Chapter 7 • Lesson 1 The Distributive Property • Inquiry Lab: Simplifying Algebraic Expressions • Lesson 2 Simplifying Algebraic Expressions • Lesson 3 Adding Linear Expressions • 21st Century Career in Design Engineering • Lesson 4 Subtracting Linear Expressions • Inquiry Lab: Factoring Linear Expressions • Lesson 5 Factoring Linear Expressions Unit Connections: Ready Common Core Unit 3.14 Unit 3.15 Unit Connections: iReady: Equivalent Expressions – Level F 6 Vocabulary: coefficient, constant, distributive property, equivalent expressions, factor, factored form, like terms, linear expression, simplest form, simplifying the expression, term How will we know if they have learned it? Teachers will plan and implement daily formative assessments in order to provide specific immediate feedback in the classroom. Grade level teams will develop and implement common formative assessment. Claim Claim 1 Concepts and Procedures Claim 2 Problem Solving Claim 3 Communicating Claim 4 Modeling and Data Analysis Claim Descriptor Students can explain and apply mathematical concepts and interpret and carry out mathematical procedures with precision and fluency. MPs 1-8 *5, 6, 7, 8 Students can solve a range of complex well-posed problems in pure and applied mathematics, making productive use of knowledge and problem solving strategies. Relevant Verbs: Understand, Solve, Apply, Describe, Illustrate, Interpret, Analyze Students can clearly and precisely construct viable arguments to support their own reasoning and to critique the reasoning of others. Relevant Verbs: Model, Construct, Compare, Investigate, Build, Interpret, Estimate, Analyze, Summarize, Represent, Solve, Evaluate, Extend, Apply 1-8 *1, 5, 7, 8 1-8 *3, 6 SBAC TARGET Target A Major: Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions. ( 7.EE.1-2) Target B Select and use appropriate tools strategically. Target A Test propositions or conjectures with specific examples. Target C State logical assumptions being used. Target F Base arguments on concrete referents such as objects, drawings, diagrams, and actions. (can use Targets A-G if needed) Students can analyze complex, real-world scenarios and can construct and use mathematical models to interpret and solve problems. Relevant Verbs: Understand, Explain, Justify, Prove, Derive, Assess, Illustrate, Analyze 1-8 *2, 4, 5 Target B Construct, autonomously, chains of reasoning to justify mathematical models used, interpretations made, and solutions proposed for a complex problem. *All practices may be integrated in each claim, however certain practices are emphasized above http://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/ma/cf/draft2mathfwchapters.asp http://bcsd.com/cipd/sbac-item-specification-tools-2/ 7 How will we respond when learning has not occurred? Professional Learning Communities will develop and implement Response to Intervention. How will we respond when learning has already occurred? Professional Learning Communities will develop and implement Enrichment. 8 Collaborative Team Planning Guide SEGMENT 2: Equations and Inequalities What do I want my students to know and be able to do? Questions to Consider • • • • • • • Application of Mathematical Practices (Behaviors/Actions) How can framework examples help make sense of mathematical tasks? How will we use number talks along with conceptual strategies to check for reasonable responses and build fluency? What tools/models are appropriate in demonstrating mastery towards the skills addressed by the standard/cluster? What misconceptions/errors do the frameworks anticipate with this particular skill set? Which correlating lessons are appropriate in rigor in alignment to clusters and standards as presented in the frameworks? What does the framework say about grade-level specific mathematical practices and implementation? What previous skills/concepts were addressed in previous grade(s) in order to make connections to current learning? Standard 7.EE.4 8.EE.7 Content Objective Language Objective Social Objective What will my students learn? What language will my students use? What will my students do as they learn? 7.EE.4 8.EE.7 9 Language Functions and Considerations Vocabulary (specialized, technical): (7.EE.4, 8.EE.7) I can use the following math words: empty set, equivalent expressions, inverse operations, identity, null set, solution, two-step equation Structure/Syntax (The way words and vocabulary are used to express ideas): (7.EE.4, 8.EE.7) I will use the following sentence frame the solutions of an equation: The equation ____ has (no/an infinite number of/one) solution(s) because it simplifies to ____. Example: The equation 5x + 8 = 5x + 3 has no solution because it simplifies to 8 = 3, and there is no situation where 8 and 3 are equal. Function (The intended use of language): (7.EE.4, 8.EE.7) I can explain my thinking about solving equations (using sequencing). Language Function: Sequencing—Words, phrases, or sentences to express the order of information. (nouns, adverbials – first, next, then, finally, subject-verb agreement) i.e. I can ______. First, ____. Next, _____. Then, _____. Finally, ________. Sample: Salvatore purchased a computer for $682.20. He paid $105.40 initially and will pay $20.60 per month until the computer is paid off. Solve $105.40 + $20.60x = $682.20 to find the number of months Salvatore will make payments for the computer. Example: I can use inverse operations to find the number of months Salvatore will make payments for the computer. First, I subtract the initial payment of $105.40 from each side of the equation to get $20.60x = $576.80. Next, I can divide both sides of this equation by $20.60 to isolate x, so $576.80 ÷ $20.60 = 28. Finally, since x is the number of months, the solution x = 28 means Salvatore will be making payments for his computer for 28 months. Curricular Connections: Chapter 8 • Lesson 1 Solving Equations with Rational Coefficients • Inquiry Lab: Solving Two-Step Equations • Lesson 2 Solving Two-Step Equations • Lesson 3 Writing Equations • Inquiry Lab: More Two-Step Equations • Lesson 4 More Two Step Equations • Inquiry Lab: Solving Equations with Variables on Each Side • Lesspn 5 Solving Equations with Variables on Each Side • Lesson 6 Inequalities • Lesson 7 Solving Inequalities • Lesson 8 Solving Multi-Step Equations and Inequalities Unit Connections: Ready Common Core 7th Unit 3.16 Unit 3.17 8th Unit 3.13 Unit 3.14 10 Unit Connections: iReady Using Equations to Solve Problems (Level F) Problem Solving with Inequalities (Level G) Solving Linear Equations with Rational Coefficients (Level H) Vocabulary: empty set, equivalent expressions, inverse operations, identity, null set, solution, two-step How will we know if they have learned it? Claim Claim 1 Concepts and Procedures Claim 2 Problem Solving Claim 3 Communicating Claim 4 Modeling and Data Analysis Teachers will plan and implement daily formative assessments in order to provide specific immediate feedback in the classroom. Grade level teams will develop and implement common formative assessment. Claim Descriptor MPs SBAC TARGET th Students can explain and apply mathematical concepts and interpret 1-8 7 Target F and carry out mathematical procedures with precision and fluency. *5, 6, 7, 8 Major: Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations. (7.EE.4) th 8 Target D Major: Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations. (8.EE.7) Students can solve a range of complex well-posed problems in pure 1-8 Target B and applied mathematics, making productive use of knowledge and *1, 5, 7, 8 Select and use appropriate tools strategically. problem solving strategies. Relevant Verbs: Understand, Solve, Target C Apply, Describe, Illustrate, Interpret, Analyze Interpret result in the context of a situation. Students can clearly and precisely construct viable arguments to 1-8 Target A support their own reasoning and to critique the reasoning of others. *3, 6 Test propositions or conjectures with specific examples. Relevant Verbs: Model, Construct, Compare, Investigate, Build, Target C Interpret, Estimate, Analyze, Summarize, Represent, Solve, Evaluate, State logical assumptions being used. Extend, Apply Target F Base arguments on concrete referents such as objects, drawings, diagrams, and actions. (can use Targets A-G if needed) Students can analyze complex, real-world scenarios and can construct 1-8 Target B and use mathematical models to interpret and solve problems. *2, 4, 5 Construct, autonomously, chains of reasoning to justify Relevant Verbs: Understand, Explain, Justify, Prove, Derive, Assess, mathematical models used, interpretations made, and solutions Illustrate, Analyze proposed for a complex problem. Target C State logical assumptions being used. *All practices may be integrated in each claim, however certain practices are emphasized above http://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/ma/cf/draft2mathfwchapters.asp http://bcsd.com/cipd/sbac-item-specification-tools-2/ 11 How will we respond when learning has not occurred? Professional Learning Communities will develop and implement Response to Intervention. How will we respond when learning has already occurred? Professional Learning Communities will develop and implement Enrichment. 12 G.R.R. (Gradual Release of Responsibility) Lesson Delivery Model “You do it together” collaborative component is infused throughout the Focus Lesson, Guided Instruction and Independent delivery stages. GRR Claims & Targets MP’s Instructional Lesson Sequence: Focus- Coherence- Rigor Infuse Mathematical Practices throughout lesson delivery/ learning Infuse Claims and Targets throughout lesson delivery/ learning Modeling Focused Lesson Step 1: Introduce Content, Language and Social Objective: as determined by PLC Step 2: Connect to real world problems and/or prior learning (i.e. concepts that link across grade spans, future learning, or construction justification of a concept) : • Teacher presents the problem • Teacher overtly explains purpose of strategies, tools/models, etc. for the day’s learning Engage in Collaborative Conversations and use Language Functions (Develop within PLC and embed within steps) : • The learning objective for today is ____________. • I think that we will learn about _________. • ________ reminds me of __________. • One strategy for _______ is _________. • _________________________________________________ Step 1: Introduce and Contextualize Vocabulary (Continue throughout the learning): Step 2: Model how and why the math works using Skills and Concepts along with Think A Louds: Step 3: Deconstruct the math problem and state the operations needed to solve the problem(s): • Teacher and students share thinking • Teacher asks students what is their understanding of the problem • Teacher asks students the skills needed to get to the solution • A way of thinking about solving this problem is____________. • The most important thing to remember in this problem is____________. • I believe the question is asking us to____________. • _________________________________________________ Engage in Collaborative Conversations and use Language Functions ( Develop within PLC and embed within steps): • In order to add two numbers you need to____________. • _______ and _______ are accomplished by____________. • This first step in _____ is to _______, followed by ______. ___________________________________________________ 13 Infuse Mathematical Practices throughout lesson delivery/ learning Infuse Claims and Targets throughout lesson delivery/ learning You Do Together We Do Step 1: Revisit or introduce a new real world math problems that are connected to Content, Language and Social Objective: Step 2: • • • • • Provide students with opportunities to engage in the learning process: Solving real-world problems Describing and illustrating their understanding (speaking and writing) Justifying and explaining their reasoning in solving problems (speaking and writing) Asking questions to generate mathematical thinking _________________________________________________ Step 3: Differentiation and Feedback • Provide differentiated problems and Think A Louds • Specific feedback and scaffolding • Multiple explanations for solving particular problems • Aide in the processing of the content for students (Questions, Prompts and Cues) • Assessing students’ progress and adjusting teaching • Determine student grouping or pairing • Intervene as needed (responsibility begins to shift) Engage in Collaborative Conversations and use Language Functions ( Develop within PLC and embed within steps): • Based on _____, I determined that____________. • Given that_____ we can deduce that____________. • I agree/disagree with ___ that____________. • Given that_____ we can deduce that____________. • I agree/disagree with ___ that____________. • ___________________________________________________ Step 1: Revisit Objectives. Clearly define expectations and structures for collaborative conversations. Provide appropriate Mathematical Tasks. Step 2: • • • • • • • • Teacher Role Teacher facilitates Teacher Questions, Prompts, Cues appropriately Teacher provides Corrective Feedback Provide Enrichment Opportunities as needed Student Role Students communicate thinking and understanding Students will problem solve and reason Students will process, justify, explain, prove, critique, etc. (Utilize mathematical practices) Students will use and discuss strategies to extend/deepen understanding of learning Engage in Collaborative Conversations and use Language Functions ( Develop within PLC and embed within steps): 14 Do it Alone Step 1: Provide students time to work individually or in pairs in order to assess mastery of the skills and concepts presented to them: • Teacher facilitates learning with specific immediate feedback • Teacher provides differentiation if needed • Teacher provides students with the opportunity to write, justify, and explain their reasoning (math journal) • Students practice and apply skills using curriculum/resources • Students apply problem solving strategies • ____________________________________________________ Step 2: Assess and Close • Assess the students on the learning for the lesson • Revisit the Content, Language and Social Objectives • Extend • Connect the concepts to future lessons 15
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