Bibliography - Health Alert Communications

Health Alert Communications
Communication in Life Sciences
Bibliography for
HIV/AIDS – The Fact and The Fiction
and
HIV/AIDS in South Africa – The Fact and The Fiction
Order Now!
Title:
HIV/AIDS – The Fact and The Fiction
Author:
Chris Jennings
ISBN-10:
0-936571-11-X
ISBN-13:
978-0-936571-11-9
Price:
$45.00 USD
Page Count:
200 pages
Click on Book Cover –Order Now !
Title:
HIV/AIDS in South Africa
– The Fact and The Fiction
Author:
Chris Jennings
Publisher:
Health Alert Communications
ISBN-10:
0-936571-08-X
ISBN-13:
978-0-936571-08-9
Price:
$25.00 USD
Page Count:
105 pages
Click on Book Cover –Order Now !
Also Available at Amazon.de, Amazon.ca, Amazon.co.uk, and Amazon.es
Bibliography
(APIIEG) APIiIEGI. Consensus Recommendations
for the use of Immunoglobulin Replacement
Therapy in Immune Deficiency. 2nd Edition, July
2009
ed;
2009:
http://www.apiieg.org/files/1/APIIEG%20Conse
nsus%20Recommendations%20Edition%201%2
0June%202008.pdf. Accessed May 17, 2009.
Aaby P, Ariyoshi K, Buckner M, et al. Age of wife
as a major determinant of male-to-female
transmission of HIV-2 infection: a community
study from rural West Africa. AIDS. Nov
1996;10(13):1585-1590.
Abb J. Determination of antibodies against
LAV/HTLV III: comparative evaluation of four
different commercial test kits. AIDS Res. Spring
1986;2(2):93-97.
Abb J, Deinhardt F, Eisenburg J. The risk of
transmission of hepatitis B virus using jet
injection in inoculation. J Infect Dis. Aug
1981;144(2):179.
Abouya L, Coulibaly IM, Coulibaly D, et al.
Radiologic
manifestations
of
pulmonary
tuberculosis in HIV-1 and HIV-2-infected
patients in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Tuber Lung
Dis. Oct 1995;76(5):436-440.
Abouya YL, Beaumel A, Lucas S, et al.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. An uncommon
cause of death in African patients with acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome. Am Rev Respir
Dis. Mar 1992;145(3):617-620.
Abrams DI. Clinical manifestations of HIV
infection,
including
persistent
generalized
lymphadenopathy and AIDS-related complex. J
Am Acad Dermatol. Jun 1990;22(6 Pt 2):12171222.
Abrams
DI,
Lewis
BJ,
Volberding
PA.
Lymphadenopathy: endpoint or prodrome?
Update of a 24-month prospective study. Ann N
Y Acad Sci. 1984;437:207-215.
Achrekar A, Gupta R. Informed consent for a
clinical trial in Thailand. N Engl J Med. Oct 29
1998;339(18):1331-1332.
Adam MA, Johnson LF. Estimation of adult
antiretroviral treatment coverage in South
Africa. S Afr Med J. Sep 2009;99(9):661-667.
Addanki KC, Pace DG, Bagasra O. A practice for
all seasons: male circumcision and the
prevention of HIV transmission. J Infect Dev
Ctries. 2008;2(5):328-334.
Aden O, Titti F, Nur YA, Mariani G, Verani P.
Screening for HIV infection in Somalian blood
donors. Aids. Dec 1987;1(4):257-258.
ATCG's Image with Rhesus Macaque: National
Human Genome Research Institute; 2007
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Adjei A, Lartey M, Adiku TK, et al.
Cryptosporidium oocysts in Ghanaian AIDS
patients with diarrhoea. East Afr Med J. Jul
2003;80(7):369-372.
Adjei AA, Armah HB, Gbagbo F, Boamah I, AduGyamfi C, Asare I. Seroprevalence of HHV-8,
CMV, and EBV among the general population in
Ghana,
West
Africa.
BMC
Infect
Dis.
2008;8:111.
Adjorlolo-Johnson G, De Cock KM, Ekpini E, et
al. Prospective comparison of mother-to-child
transmission of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in Abidjan,
Ivory Coast. JAMA. Aug 10 1994;272(6):462466.
Adrien A, Desrosiers M, Frappier-Davignon L,
Spitzer WO, Dupuy JM. Immunologic findings in
healthy Haitians in Montreal. CMAJ. Sep 1
1985;133(5):401-406.
Agarwal MK. Confining AIDS. Nature. Apr 9-15
1987;326(6113):538.
Agbalika F, Ferchal F, Garnier JP, Eugene M,
Bedrossian J, Lagrange PH. False-positive HIV
antigens related to emergence of a 25-30 kD
protein detected in organ recipients. AIDS. Sep
1992;6(9):959-962.
Ahmed M, Schidlovsky G, Korol W, Vidrine G,
Cicmanec JL. Occurrence of Mason-Pfizer
monkey virus in healthy rhesus monkeys.
Cancer Res. Dec 1974;34(12):3504-3508.
Alabi AS, Jaffar S, Ariyoshi K, et al. Plasma viral
load, CD4 cell percentage, HLA and survival of
HIV-1, HIV-2, and dually infected Gambian
patients. AIDS. Jul 4 2003;17(10):1513-1520.
Alaeus A. Significance of HIV-1 genetic
subtypes. Scand J Infect Dis. 2000;32(5):455463.
Albert J, Bredberg U, Chiodi F, et al. A new
human retrovirus isolate of West African origin
(SBL-6669) and its relationship to HTLV-IV,
LAV-II, and HTLV-IIIB. AIDS Res Hum
Retroviruses. Spring 1987;3(1):3-10.
Albert J, Pehrson PO, Schulman S, et al. HIV
isolation and antigen detection in infected
individuals and their seronegative sexual
partners. AIDS. Apr 1988;2(2):107-111.
Albright AV, Soldan SS, Gonzalez-Scarano F.
Pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virusinduced neurological disease. J Neurovirol. Apr
2003;9(2):222-227.
Alexander TS, Lee J, Yen-Lieberman B.
Incidence of human immunodeficiency virus
antibody in a prenatal population at a
community hospital. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol.
Jan 1999;6(1):140-141.
Page 2 of 109
Bibliography
Al-Harthi L, Owais M, Arya SK. Molecular
inhibition of HIV type 1 by HIV type 2:
effectiveness in peripheral blood mononuclear
cells. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Jan 1
1998;14(1):59-64.
Alizon M, Sonigo P, Barre-Sinoussi F, et al.
Molecular
cloning
of
lymphadenopathyassociated virus. Nature. Dec 20-1985 Jan 2
1984;312(5996):757-760.
Alizon M, Wain-Hobson S, Montagnier L, Sonigo
P. Genetic variability of the AIDS virus:
nucleotide sequence analysis of two isolates
from African patients. Cell. Jul 4 1986;46(1):6374.
Allain JP, Hodges W, Einstein MH, et al. Antibody
to HIV-1, HTLV-I, and HCV in three populations
of rural Haitians. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr.
Dec 1992;5(12):1230-1236.
Allain JP, Laurian Y, Paul DA, Senn D.
Serological markers in early stages of human
immunodeficiency
virus
infection
in
haemophiliacs.
Lancet.
Nov
29
1986;2(8518):1233-1236.
Allan JS, Coligan JE, Lee TH, et al. Immunogenic
nature of a Pol gene product of HTLV-III/LAV.
Blood. Jan 1987;69(1):331-333.
Allan JS, Short M, Taylor ME, et al. Speciesspecific
diversity
among
simian
immunodeficiency viruses from African green
monkeys. J Virol. Jun 1991;65(6):2816-2828.
Allen JR, Setlow VP. Heterosexual transmission
of HIV. A view of the future. JAMA. Sep 25
1991;266(12):1695-1696.
Allen T, Watkins D. SIV and SHIV CTL Epitopes
Identified in Macaques: Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; 1998.
Allen T, Watkins D. SIV and SHIV CTL Epitopes
Identified in Macaques: Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; 1999.
Aloisio CH, Nicholson JK. Recovery of infectious
human immunodeficiency virus from cells
treated with 1% paraformaldehyde. J Immunol
Methods. Apr 17 1990;128(2):281-285.
Altan AM. Study of HIV Family Tree Pushes Back
Origins. New York Times, February 4, 1989.
Altanerova V, Ban J, Altaner C. Induction of
immune deficiency syndrome in rabbits by
bovine
leukaemia
virus.
AIDS.
Nov
1989;3(11):755-758.
Altema R, Bright L. Only homosexual Haitians,
not all Haitians. Ann Intern Med. Dec
1983;99(6):877-878.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Alter HJ. The evolution, implications, and
applications of the hepatitis B vaccine. Jama.
Apr 23 1982;247(16):2272-2275.
Alter HJ, Eichberg JW, Masur H, et al.
Transmission of HTLV-III infection from human
plasma to chimpanzees: an animal model for
AIDS. Science. Nov 2 1984;226(4674):549-552.
Altman KA. Earliest AIDS Case is Called into
Doubt. New York Times, April 4, 1995.
Altman KA. The Doctor's World; AIDS Data
Pours In, As Studies Proliferate. New York
Times, April 23, 1985.
Altman KA. New U.S. Report Names Virus that
may cause AIDS. New York Times, April 24,
1984.
Altman KA. The Doctor's World; In Africa,
Problems Change but the Frustrations Go On.
New York Times, December 10, 1985.
Altman KA. More Data Found on AIDS in Africa.
New York Times, December 15, 1985.
Altman KA. More Data Found on AIDS in Africa.
New York Times, December 15, 1985.
Altman KA. H.I.V. Is Linked To a Subspecies Of
Chimpanzee. New York Times, February 1,
1999: Front Page.
Altman KA. Heterosexuals and AIDS: New Data
Examined. New York Times, January 22, 1985.
Altman
KA.
Rare
Cancer
seen
in
41
Homosexuals. New York Times, July 3, 1981.
Altman KA. The Doctor's World; Puzzle of
Sailor's Death Solved After 31 Years: The
Answer Is AIDS. New York Times, July 24, 1990.
Altman KA. Parts of Africa Showing H.I.V. In 1 in
4 Adults. New York Times, June 24, 1998.
Altman KA. New-found virus shown to cause
AIDS-like illness in lab monkeys. New York
Times, March 1, 1984.
Altman KA. AIDS In Africa: A Pattern of Mystery
New York Times, November 8, 1985 World
Altman KA. Linking AIDS to Africa provokes
bitter debate. New York Times, November 21,
1985;U.S.
Ameglio F, Benedetto A, Marotta P, et al. A high
proportion of sera of heroin addicts possesses
anti-HLA class I and class II reactivity. Clin
Immunol Immunopathol. Feb 1988;46(2):328334.
Ameglio F, Dolei A, Benedetto A, Sorrentino R,
Tanigaki N, Tosi R. Antibodies reactive with
nonpolymorphic epitopes on HLA molecules
interfere in screening tests for the human
Page 3 of 109
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Bibliography
Dec
Anderson WH. AIDS in Cuba. Lancet. Aug 26
1989;2(8661):512.
Ameglio F, Saba F, Bitti A, et al. Antibody
reactivity to HLA classes I and II in sera from
patients with hydatidosis. J Infect Dis. Oct
1987;156(4):673-676.
Andersson S, Norrgren H, da Silva Z, et al.
Plasma viral load in HIV-1 and HIV-2 singly and
dually infected individuals in Guinea-Bissau,
West Africa: significantly lower plasma virus set
point in HIV-2 infection than in HIV-1 infection.
Arch Intern Med. Nov 27 2000;160(21):32863293.
immunodeficiency virus.
1987;156(6):1034-1035.
J
Infect
Dis.
Amirali W, Moshiro C, Ramaiya K. Assessment of
clinical case-definition for HIV/AIDS in Tanzania.
East Afr Med J. May 2004;81(5):226-229.
Amoroso P, Izzo C, Smeraglia R, et al. Absence
of risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
infection in recipients of hepatitis B vaccine. Eur
J Epidemiol. Sep 1987;3(3):323-324.
Amundsen EJ, Eskild A, Stigum H, Smith E,
Aalen OO. Legal access to needles and
syringes/needle exchange programmes versus
HIV counselling and testing to prevent
transmission of HIV among intravenous drug
users: a comparative study of Denmark, Norway
and Sweden. Eur J Public Health. Sep
2003;13(3):252-258.
Amundsen EJ, Stigum H, Rottingen JA, Aalen
OO. Definition and estimation of an actual
reproduction number describing past infectious
disease transmission: application to HIV
epidemics among homosexual men in Denmark,
Norway and Sweden. Epidemiol Infect. Dec
2004;132(6):1139-1149.
Ancelle R, Bletry O, Baglin AC, Brun-Vezinet F,
Rey MA, Godeau P. Long incubation period for
HIV-2
infection.
Lancet.
Mar
21
1987;1(8534):688-689.
Ancelle-Park R. Expanded European AIDS case
definition. Lancet. Feb 13 1993;341(8842):441.
Anderson B, Phillips H. Adult mortality (age 1564) based on death notification data in South
Africa: 1997-2004. In: Africa SS, ed. Pretoria,
South Africa: Statistics South Africa; 2006.
Anderson RM. Mathematical and statistical
studies of the epidemiology of HIV. AIDS. Jun
1989;3(6):333-346.
Andrade VL, Avelleira JC, Marques A, Vianna FR,
Schechter M. Leprosy as cause of false-positive
results in serological assays for the detection of
antibodies to HIV-1. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact
Dis. Mar 1991;59(1):125-126.
Andreani T, Modigliani R, le Charpentier Y, et al.
Acquired
immunodeficiency
with
intestinal
cryptosporidiosis: possible transmission by
Haitian
whole
blood.
Lancet.
May
28
1983;1(8335):1187-1191.
Angarano G, Pastore G, Monno L, Santantonio T,
Luchena N, Schiraldi O. Rapid spread of HTLV-III
infection among drug addicts in Italy. Lancet.
Dec 7 1985;2(8467):1302.
Angell M. The ethics of clinical research in the
Third World. N Engl J Med. Sep 18
1997;337(12):847-849.
Anish TS, Vijaykumar K, Simi SM. Determinants
of rapid progression to immunodeficiency
syndrome among people infected with Human
Immunodeficiency Virus, Kerala, India. Indian J
Sex Transm Dis. Jan;32(1):23-29.
Anonymous. AIDS in Africa. AIDS Forsch. Jan
1987;2(1):5-25.
Ansari NA, Kombe AH, Kenyon TA, et al.
Pathology and causes of death in a series of
human immunodeficiency virus-positive and negative pediatric referral hospital admissions in
Botswana.
Pediatr
Infect
Dis
J.
Jan
2003;22(1):43-47.
Antman K, Chang Y. Kaposi's sarcoma. N Engl J
Med. Apr 6 2000;342(14):1027-1038.
Anderson RM, Medley GF. Epidemiology of HIV
infection and AIDS: incubation and infectious
periods, survival and vertical transmission.
AIDS. 1988;2 Suppl 1:S57-63.
Antoine LB, Pierre L, Page JB. Exclusion of blood
donors by country of origin and discrimination
against black foreigners in the USA. AIDS. Aug
1990;4(8):818.
Anderson RM, Medley GF, May RM, Johnson AM.
A preliminary study of the transmission
dynamics of the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV), the causative agent of AIDS. IMA J Math
Appl Med Biol. 1986;3(4):229-263.
AP. Haitians Removed from AIDS Risk List. New
York Times, April 10, 1985.
Anderson S, Bankier AT, Barrell BG, et al.
Sequence and organization of the human
mitochondrial
genome.
Nature.
Apr
9
1981;290(5806):457-465.
AP. AIDS-Related Virus Suppressed. New York
Times, September 3, 1986.
AP. 2 Fatal Diseases Focus of Inquiry. New York
Times, August 29, 1981.
Apetrei C, Becker J, Metzger M, et al. Potential
for HIV transmission through unsafe injections.
AIDS. Apr 24 2006;20(7):1074-1076.
Page 4 of 109
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Bibliography
Apetrei C, Kaur A, Lerche NW, et al. Molecular
epidemiology of simian immunodeficiency virus
SIVsm in U.S. primate centers unravels the
origin of SIVmac and SIVstm. J Virol. Jul
2005;79(14):8991-9005.
Apetrei C, Marx PA. Simian retroviral infections
in
human
beings.
Lancet.
Jul
10-16
2004;364(9429):137-138; author reply 139140.
Apetrei C, Marx PA. African lentiviruses related
to HIV. J Neurovirol. 2005;11 Suppl 1:33-49.
Apetrei C, Metzger MJ, Richardson D, et al.
Detection and partial characterization of simian
immunodeficiency virus SIVsm strains from bush
meat samples from rural Sierra Leone. J Virol.
Feb 2005;79(4):2631-2636.
Aquino-De Jesus MJ, Anders C, Miller G,
Sleasman JW, Goodenow MM, Andiman WA.
Genetically and epidemiologically related "nonsyncytium-inducing" isolates of HIV-1 display
heterogeneous growth patterns in macrophages.
J Med Virol. Jun 2000;61(2):171-180.
Arav-Boger R. Treatment for Kaposi sarcoma
herpesvirus: great challenges with promising
accomplishments.
Virus
Genes.
Apr
2009;38(2):195-203.
Arend SM, Kroon FP, van't
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
without AIDS, 1980 through 1993.
of 78 cases. Arch Intern Med.
1995;155(22):2436-2441.
Wout JW.
in patients
An analysis
Dec 11-25
Ariyoshi K, Berry N, Wilkins A, et al. A
community-based
study
of
human
immunodeficiency virus type 2 provirus load in
rural village in West Africa. J Infect Dis. Jan
1996;173(1):245-248.
Ariyoshi K, Cham F, Berry N, et al. HIV-2specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity is
inversely related to proviral load. AIDS. Jun
1995;9(6):555-559.
Ariyoshi K, Jaffar S, Alabi AS, et al. Plasma RNA
viral load predicts the rate of CD4 T cell decline
and death in HIV-2-infected patients in West
Africa. AIDS. Mar 10 2000;14(4):339-344.
Ariyoshi K, Schim van der Loeff M, Cook P, et al.
Kaposi's sarcoma in the Gambia, West Africa is
less frequent in human immunodeficiency virus
type 2 than in human immunodeficiency virus
type 1 infection despite a high prevalence of
human herpesvirus 8. J Hum Virol. Mar-Apr
1998;1(3):193-199.
Armstrong D, Gold JW, Dryjanski J, et al.
Treatment of infections in patients with the
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann
Intern Med. Nov 1985;103(5):738-743.
Arnold NL, Slade BA, Jones MM, Popovsky MA.
Donor follow-up of influenza vaccine-related
multiple viral enzyme immunoassay reactivity.
Vox Sang. 1994;67(2):191-194.
Arnold W, Baumann W. Vaccination of children
with malignant diseases with alum-absorbed
hepatitis B vaccine--Immunogenicity studies.
Scand J Infect Dis Suppl. 1983;38:33-36.
Aronoff GR, Maxwell DR, Batteiger BE, Fineberg
NS. Hepatitis B virus vaccine: a randomized trial
of a reduced dose regimen in hemodialysis
patients. Am J Kidney Dis. Sep 1985;6(3):170172.
Aronson
DL.
Pneumonia
haemophiliacs.
Lancet.
1983;2(8357):1023.
deaths
Oct
in
29
Arya SC. Performance of a rapid, on-site human
immunodeficiency virus antibody assay in public
health
settings.
J
Clin
Microbiol.
Jun
1996;34(6):1600.
Arya SK, Beaver B, Jagodzinski L, et al. New
human and simian HIV-related retroviruses
possess functional transactivator (tat) gene.
Nature. Aug 6-12 1987;328(6130):548-550.
Ascher DP, Roberts C. Determination of the
etiology of seroreversals in HIV testing by
antibody fingerprinting. J Acquir Immune Defic
Syndr. Mar 1993;6(3):241-244.
Asjo B, Kruse H. Zoonoses in the Emergence of
Human Viral Diseases. Perspectives in Medical
Virology. 2006;16:15-41.
Attia S, Egger M, Muller M, Zwahlen M, Low N.
Sexual transmission of HIV according to viral
load and antiretroviral therapy: systematic
review and meta-analysis. AIDS. Jul 17
2009;23(11):1397-1404.
Auerbach DM, Darrow WW, Jaffe HW, Curran
JW. Cluster of cases of the acquired immune
deficiency syndrome. Patients linked by sexual
contact. Am J Med. Mar 1984;76(3):487-492.
Auvert B, Sobngwi-Tambekou J, Cutler E, et al.
Effect of male circumcision on the prevalence of
high-risk human papillomavirus in young men:
results of a randomized controlled trial
conducted in Orange Farm, South Africa. J Infect
Dis. Jan 1 2009;199(1):14-19.
Auwerx J, Esnouf R, De Clercq E, Balzarini J.
Susceptibility
of
feline
immunodeficiency
virus/human immunodeficiency virus type 1
reverse
transcriptase
chimeras
to
nonnucleoside RT inhibitors. Mol Pharmacol. Jan
2004;65(1):244-251.
Ayele W, Assefa T, Lulseged S, et al. RNA
detection and subtype C assessment of HIV-1 in
infants with diarrhea in Ethiopia. Open AIDS J.
2009;3:19-23.
Page 5 of 109
Bibliography
Azocar J, Martinez C, McLane MF, Allan J, Essex
M. Lack of endemic HIV infection in Venezuela.
AIDS
Res
Hum
Retroviruses.
Summer
1987;3(2):107-108.
Bacchetti P. Estimating the Incubation Period of
AIDS by Comparing Population Infection and
Diagnosis Patterns. Journal of the American
Statistical
Association.
December
1990;85(412):1002-1008.
Bacchetti P, Moss AR. Incubation period of AIDS
in
San
Francisco.
Nature.
Mar
16
1989;338(6212):251-253.
Badri M, Ehrlich R, Pulerwitz T, Wood R,
Maartens G. Tuberculosis should not be
considered an AIDS-defining illness in areas with
a high tuberculosis prevalence. Int J Tuberc
Lung Dis. Mar 2002;6(3):231-237.
Bailey AS, Corbitt G. Was HIV present in 1959?
Lancet. Jan 20 1996;347(8995):189.
Bailey M. Occupational HIV infection risk.
Lancet. May 5 1990;335(8697):1104-1105.
Bailey M. We cannot afford an AIDS epidemic.
BMJ. Mar 23 1991;302(6778):726.
Bailey RC. Editorial comment: male circumcision
to reduce HIV acquisition--not quite yet. AIDS
Read. Mar 2005;15(3):136-137.
Baillou A, Barin F, Allain JP, et al. Human
immunodeficiency virus antigenemia in patients
with AIDS and AIDS-related disorders: a
comparison between European and Central
African
populations.
J
Infect
Dis.
Nov
1987;156(5):830-833.
Bakeera-Kitaka S, Musoke P, Downing R,
Tumwine JK. Pneumocystis carinii in children
with severe pneumonia at Mulago Hospital,
Uganda.
Ann
Trop
Paediatr.
Sep
2004;24(3):227-235.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Barbacid M, Bolognesi D, Aaronson SA. Humans
have antibodies capable of recognizing oncoviral
glycoproteins:
demonstration
that
these
antibodies are formed in response to cellular
modification of glycoproteins rather than as
consequence of exposure to virus. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A. Mar 1980;77(3):1617-1621.
Barbacid M, Long LK, Aaronson SA. Major
structural proteins of type B, type C, and type D
oncoviruses
share
interspecies
antigenic
determinants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Jan
1980;77(1):72-76.
Barin F, Andre M, Goudeau A, Coursaget P,
Maupas P. Large scale purification of hepatitis B
surface antigen (HBsAg). Ann Microbiol (Paris).
Jul 1978;129B(1):87-100.
Barin F, Cazein F, Lot F, et al. Prevalence of
HIV-2 and HIV-1 group O infections among new
HIV diagnoses in France: 2003-2006. AIDS. Nov
12 2007;21(17):2351-2353.
Barin F, Denis F, Baillou A, et al. A STLV-III
related human retrovirus, HTLV-IV: analysis of
cross-reactivity
with
the
human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV). J Virol Methods.
Aug 1987;17(1-2):55-61.
Barin F, Goudeau A, Denis F, et al. Immune
response in neonates to hepatitis B vaccine.
Lancet. Jan 30 1982;1(8266):251-253.
Barin F, M'Boup S, Denis F, et al. Serological
evidence for virus related to simian Tlymphotropic retrovirus III in residents of west
Africa. Lancet. Dec 21-28 1985;2(846970):1387-1389.
Barnes DM. AIDS: statistics but few answers.
Science. Jun 12 1987;236(4807):1423-1425.
Barnes DM. New questions about AIDS test
accuracy.
Science.
Nov
13
1987;238(4829):884-885.
Baldwin CL, Lemp JF, Barbeito MS. Biohazards
assessment in large-scale zonal centrifugation.
Appl Microbiol. Apr 1975;29(4):484-490.
Barr CE, Torosian JP. Oral manifestations in
patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex.
Lancet. Aug 2 1986;2(8501):288.
Balinska MA. Warsaw conference on emerging
infections in central and eastern Europe. Lancet.
Apr 8 2000;355(9211):1246.
Barre-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC, Rey F, et al.
Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a
patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency
syndrome
(AIDS).
Science.
May
20
1983;220(4599):868-871.
Ball SE, Hows JM, Worsley AM, et al.
Seroconversion of human T cell lymphotrophic
virus III (HTLV-III) in patients with haemophilia:
a longitudinal study. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). Jun
8 1985;290(6483):1705-1706.
Balter M. Virus from 1959 sample marks early
years
of
HIV.
Science.
Feb
6
1998;279(5352):801.
Bantebya G, Konings E. HIV infection in Uganda.
BMJ. Mar 19 1994;308(6931):789.
Barros SC, Ramos F, Duarte M, Fagulha T, Cruz
B, Fevereiro M. Genomic characterization of a
slow/low maedi visna virus. Virus Genes. Oct
2004;29(2):199-210.
Barry M, Stansfield SK, Bia FJ. Haiti and the
Hopital Albert Schweitzer. Ann Intern Med. Jun
1983;98(6):1018-1020.
Bartholomew C, Saxinger WC, Clark JW, et al.
Transmission of HTLV-I and HIV among
Page 6 of 109
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Bibliography
homosexual men in Trinidad. JAMA. May 15
1987;257(19):2604-2608.
Bartolo I, Rocha C, Bartolomeu J, et al. Highly
divergent subtypes and new recombinant forms
prevail in the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Angola: new
insights into the origins of the AIDS pandemic.
Infect Genet Evol. Jul 2009;9(4):672-682.
Baskin GB, Murphey-Corb M, Martin LN, Soike
KF, Hu FS, Kuebler D. Lentivirus-induced
pulmonary lesions in rhesus monkeys (Macaca
mulatta) infected with simian immunodeficiency
virus. Vet Pathol. Nov 1991;28(6):506-513.
Bassett MT, Mhloyi M. Women and AIDS in
Zimbabwe: the making of an epidemic. Int J
Health Serv. 1991;21(1):143-156.
Bayer H, Bienzle U, Schneider J, Hunsmann G.
HTLV-III antibody frequency and severity of
lymphadenopathy.
Lancet.
Dec
8
1984;2(8415):1347.
Bayer R, Healton C. Controlling AIDS in Cuba.
The logic of quarantine. N Engl J Med. Apr 13
1989;320(15):1022-1024.
Bayer R, Stryker J, Smith MD. Testing for HIV
infection at home. N Engl J Med. May 11
1995;332(19):1296-1299.
Bayley AC. Aggressive Kaposi's
Zambia,
1983.
Lancet.
1984;1(8390):1318-1320.
sarcoma in
Jun
16
Bayley AC, Downing RG, Cheingsong-Popov R,
Tedder RS, Dalgleish AG, Weiss RA. HTLV-III
serology distinguishes atypical and endemic
Kaposi's sarcoma in Africa. Lancet. Feb 16
1985;1(8425):359-361.
BBC. HIV origin 'found in wild chimps': BBC;
May 25, 2006.
Bchir A, Jemni L, Saadi M, Milovanovic A, Brahim
H, Catalan F. Markers of sexually transmitted
diseases in prostitutes in central Tunisia.
Genitourin Med. Dec 1988;64(6):396-397.
Beale J, Horaud F. Polio vaccine and
retroviruses. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.
Jun 29 2001;356(1410):841-843.
Beard CB, Navin TR. Molecular epidemiology of
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Emerg Infect
Dis. Apr-Jun 1996;2(2):147-150.
Beardsley T. US blood-bank tests established.
Nature. Aug 8-14 1985;316(6028):474.
Beasley RP, Hwang LY. Postnatal infectivity of
hepatitis B surface antigen-carrier mothers. J
Infect Dis. Feb 1983;147(2):185-190.
Beasley RP, Hwang LY, Lee GC, et al. Prevention
of perinatally transmitted hepatitis B virus
infections with hepatitis B virus infections with
hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B
vaccine. Lancet. Nov 12 1983;2(8359):10991102.
Beasley RP, Hwang LY, Stevens CE, et al.
Efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin for
prevention of perinatal transmission of the
hepatitis B virus carrier state: final report of a
randomized
double-blind,
placebo-controlled
trial. Hepatology. Mar-Apr 1983;3(2):135-141.
Becker JL, Hazan U, Nugeyre MT, et al.
[Infection of insect cell lines by the HIV virus, an
agent of AIDS, and a demonstration of insects of
African origin infected by this virus]. C R Acad
Sci III. 1986;303(8):303-306.
Becker JL, Hazan U, Nugeyre MT, et al.
[Infection of insect cell lines by the HIV virus, an
agent of AIDS, and a demonstration of insects of
African origin infected by this virus]. C R Acad
Sci III. 1986;303(8):303-306.
Becker ML, Spracklen FH, Becker WB. Isolation
of a lymphadenopathy-associated virus from a
patient with the acquired immune deficiency
syndrome. S Afr Med J. Aug 3 1985;68(3):144147.
Becker WB. HTLV-III infection in the RSA. S Afr
Med J. Oct 11 1986;Suppl:26-27.
Becker Y. HIV-1 induced AIDS is an allergy and
the allergen is the Shed gp120--a review,
hypothesis, and implications. Virus Genes. Apr
2004;28(3):319-331.
Becker Y. The molecular mechanism of human
resistance to HIV-1 infection in persistently
infected individuals--a review, hypothesis and
implications. Virus Genes. Aug 2005;31(1):113119.
Becker Y. The spreading of HIV-1 infection in the
human organism is caused by fractalkine
trafficking of the infected lymphocytes--a
review,
hypothesis
and
implications
for
treatment. Virus Genes. Apr 2007;34(2):93109.
Beer B, Bailes E, Sharp P, Hirsch V. Diversity
and Evolution of Primate Lentiviruses: Los
Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New
Mexico; 1999.
Beer BE, Foley BT, Kuiken CL, et al.
Characterization
of
novel
simian
immunodeficiency viruses from red-capped
mangabeys from Nigeria (SIVrcmNG409 and NG411). J Virol. Dec 2001;75(24):12014-12027.
Behets F, Bertozzi S, Kasali M, et al. Successful
use of pooled sera to determine HIV-1
seroprevalence in Zaire with development of
cost-efficiency
models.
AIDS.
Aug
1990;4(8):737-741.
Page 7 of 109
Bibliography
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Bell
DM.
Occupational
risk
of
human
immunodeficiency virus infection in healthcare
workers: an overview. Am J Med. May 19
1997;102(5B):9-15.
Bergamini F, Zanetti AR, Ferroni P, et al.
Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in staff
and patients in renal dialysis units. J Infect. Jul
1983;7 Suppl 1:35-40.
Bell
DM,
Gerberding
JL.
Human
immunodeficiency
virus
postexposure
management of healthcare workers: report of a
workshop. Am J Med. May 19 1997;102(5B):13.
Berglund O, Beckman S, Grillner L, et al. HIV
transmission by blood transfusions in Stockholm
1979-1985: nearly uniform transmission from
infected donors. Aids. Feb 1988;2(1):51-54.
Bendinelli M, Matteucci D, Friedman H.
Retrovirus-induced
acquired
immunodeficiencies.
Adv
Cancer
Res.
1985;45:125-181.
Benhamou E, Courouce AM, Jungers P, et al.
Hepatitis B vaccine: randomized trial of
immunogenicity in hemodialysis patients. Clin
Nephrol. Mar 1984;21(3):143-147.
Benn S, Rutledge R, Folks T, et al. Genomic
heterogeneity of AIDS retroviral isolates from
North America and Zaire. Science. Nov 22
1985;230(4728):949-951.
Bennett JA. AIDS. Epidemiology update. Am J
Nurs. Sep 1985;85(9):968-972.
Bennett M, Hart CA. Feline immunodeficiency
virus infection--a model for HIV and AIDS? J
Med Microbiol. Apr 1995;42(4):233-236.
Benveniste RE, Arthur LO, Tsai CC, et al.
Isolation of a lentivirus from a macaque with
lymphoma: comparison with HTLV-III/LAV and
other lentiviruses. J Virol. Nov 1986;60(2):483490.
Benveniste RE, Morton WR, Clark EA, et al.
Inoculation of baboons and macaques with
simian immunodeficiency virus/Mne, a primate
lentivirus
closely
related
to
human
immunodeficiency virus type 2. J Virol. Jun
1988;62(6):2091-2101.
Benveniste RE, Raben D, Hill RW, et al.
Molecular characterization and comparison of
simian immunodeficiency virus isolates from
macaques, mangabeys, and African green
monkeys. J Med Primatol. 1989;18(3-4):287303.
Beral V, Bull D, Darby S, et al. Risk of Kaposi's
sarcoma and sexual practices associated with
faecal contact in homosexual or bisexual men
with
AIDS.
Lancet.
Mar
14
1992;339(8794):632-635.
Beral V, Peterman TA, Berkelman RL, Jaffe HW.
Kaposi's sarcoma among persons with AIDS: a
sexually transmitted infection? Lancet. Jan 20
1990;335(8682):123-128.
Berer M. Taking on the opposition, male
circumcision and other themes. Reprod Health
Matters. May 2007;15(29):6-8.
Berkley S, Naamara W, Okware S, et al. AIDS
and HIV infection in Uganda--are more women
infected
than
men?
AIDS.
Dec
1990;4(12):1237-1242.
Bernard RP. Concerning the early and current
spread of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
and the scientific burden of proof versus the
burden of current human immunodeficiency
virus incidence. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol
Sci. Jun 29 2001;356(1410):933.
Berntorp E, Nilsson IM, Ljung R, Widell A.
Hepatitis C virus transmission by monoclonal
antibody purified factor VIII concentrate. Lancet.
Jun 23 1990;335(8704):1531-1532.
Berry N, Ariyoshi K, Jaffar S, et al. Low
peripheral blood viral HIV-2 RNA in individuals
with high CD4 percentage differentiates HIV-2
from HIV-1 infection. J Hum Virol. Nov-Dec
1998;1(7):457-468.
Berry N, Ariyoshi K, Jobe O, et al. HIV type 2
proviral
load
measured
by
quantitative
polymerase chain reaction correlates with CD4+
lymphopenia in HIV type 2-infected individuals.
AIDS
Res
Hum
Retroviruses.
Aug
1994;10(8):1031-1037.
Berry N, Jaffar S, Schim van der Loeff M, et al.
Low level viremia and high CD4% predict normal
survival in a cohort of HIV type-2-infected
villagers. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Nov 1
2002;18(16):1167-1173.
Besnier JM, Barin F, Baillou A, Liard F, Choutet
P, Goudeau A. Symptomatic HIV-2 primary
infection. Lancet. Mar 31 1990;335(8692):798.
Bethell T. The Politically Incorrect Guide to
Science Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing
2005:105-122
Bethwaite P, McLean D, Kennedy J, Pearce N.
Adult-onset acute leukemia and employment in
the meat industry: a New Zealand case-control
study.
Cancer
Causes
Control.
Sep
2001;12(7):635-643.
Beunza JJ. Global sexual behaviour. Lancet. Feb
17 2007;369(9561):556-557; author reply 557.
Bex F, Bruck C, Mammerickx M, et al. Humoral
antibody response to bovine leukemia virus
infection in cattle and sheep. Cancer Res. Mar
1979;39(3):1118-1123.
Page 8 of 109
Bibliography
Beyrer C, Baral SD, Walker D, Wirtz AL, Johns B,
Sifakis F. The expanding epidemics of HIV type 1
among men who have sex with men in low- and
middle-income
countries:
diversity
and
consistency. Epidemiol Rev. Apr 2010 2010
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Biggar RJ, Gigase PL, Melbye M, et al. ELISA
HTLV retrovirus antibody reactivity associated
with malaria and immune complexes in healthy
Africans. Lancet. Sep 7 1985;2(8454):520-523.
Biberfeld G, Bottiger B, Bredberg-Raden U, et al.
Findings in four HTLV-IV seropositive women
from
West
Africa.
Lancet.
Dec
6
1986;2(8519):1330-1331.
Biggar RJ, Johnson BK, Oster C, et al. Regional
variation in prevalence of antibody against
human T-lymphotropic virus types I and III in
Kenya, East Africa. Int J Cancer. Jun 15
1985;35(6):763-767.
Biberfeld G, Bredberg-Raden U, Bottiger B, et al.
Blood donor sera with false-positive Western
blot reactions to human immunodeficiency virus.
Lancet. Aug 2 1986;2(8501):289-290.
Biggar RJ, Melbye M, Ebbesen P, et al. Low Tlymphocyte
ratios
in
homosexual
men.
Epidemiologic evidence for a transmissible
agent. Jama. Mar 16 1984;251(11):1441-1446.
Biberfeld G, Brown F, Esparza J, et al. WHO
Working Group on Characterization of HIVRelated
Retroviruses:
criteria
for
characterization
and
proposal
for
a
nomenclature
system.
AIDS.
Sep
1987;1(3):189-190.
Biggar RJ, Melbye M, Kestems L, et al. Kaposi's
sarcoma in Zaire is not associated with HTLV-III
infection.
N
Engl
J
Med.
Oct
18
1984;311(16):1051-1052.
Biberfeld G, Thorstensson R, Bergstrom M,
Naucler A, Costa CM. Enzyme immunoassays for
the demonstration of antibodies to HIV-2SBL6669 and HTLV-IV (SIVmac). AIDS. Jun
1988;2(3):195-199.
Biggar RJ, Melbye M, Kestens L, et al.
Seroepidemiology of HTLV-III antibodies in a
remote population of eastern Zaire. Br Med J
(Clin Res Ed). Mar 16 1985;290(6471):808-810.
Biggar RJ, Nasca PC, Burnett WS. AIDS-related
Kaposi's sarcoma in New York City in 1977. N
Engl J Med. Jan 28 1988;318(4):252.
Bibollet-Ruche F, Bailes E, Gao F, et al. New
simian immunodeficiency virus infecting De
Brazza's monkeys (Cercopithecus neglectus):
evidence for a cercopithecus monkey virus
clade. J Virol. Jul 2004;78(14):7748-7762.
Birnbaum JK, Murray CJ, Lozano R. Exposing
misclassified HIV/AIDS deaths in South Africa.
Bull World Health Organ. Apr 1 2011;89(4):278285.
Bibollet-Ruche F, Gao F, Bailes E, et al.
Complete genome analysis of one of the earliest
SIVcpzPtt strains from Gabon (SIVcpzGAB2).
AIDS
Res
Hum
Retroviruses.
Dec
2004;20(12):1377-1381.
Bjoro K., Frøland SS, Yun Z, Samdal HH,
Haaland T. Hepatitis C infection in patients with
primary
hypogammaglobulinemia
after
treatment with contaminated immune globulin.
N Engl J Med. Dec 15 1994;331(24):1607-1611.
Biggar RJ. The AIDS problem in Africa. Lancet.
Jan 11 1986;1(8472):79-83.
Bjoro K. FSS. Hepatitis C and immune globulin.
N Engl J Med. May 4 1995;332(18):1236.
Biggar RJ. Possible nonspecific association
between malaria and HTLV-III/LAV. N Engl J
Med. Aug 14 1986;315(7):457-458.
Blacklaws B, Harkiss GD. Small ruminant
lentiviruses and human immunodeficiency virus:
cousins that take a long view. Curr HIV Res. Jan
2010;8(1):26-52.
Biggar RJ. AIDS in subsaharan Africa. Cancer
Detect Prev Suppl. 1987;1:487-491.
Biggar RJ. AIDS incubation in 1891 HIV
seroconverters from different exposure groups.
International Registry of Seroconverters. AIDS.
Nov 1990;4(11):1059-1066.
Biggar RJ. ERRATA - AIDS incubation in 1891
HIV seroconverters from different exposure
groups.
International
Registry
of
Seroconverters. AIDS. Feb 1991;5(2):245.
Biggar RJ, Andersen HK, Ebbesen P, et al.
Seminal fluid excretion of cytomegalovirus
related to immunosuppression in homosexual
men. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). Jun 25
1983;286(6383):2010-2012.
Blanton M, Balakrishnan K, Dumaswala U,
Zelenski K, Greenwalt TJ. HLA antibodies in
blood donors with reactive screening tests for
antibody to the immunodeficiency virus.
Transfusion. Jan-Feb 1987;27(1):118-119.
Blattner WA, Biggar RJ, Weiss SH, Clark JW,
Goedert
JJ.
Epidemiology
of
human
lymphotrophic retroviruses: an overview. Cancer
Res. Sep 1985;45(9 Suppl):4598s-4601s.
Blattner WA, Biggar RJ, Weiss SH, Melbye M,
Goedert JJ. Epidemiology of human Tlymphotropic virus type III and the risk of the
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann
Intern Med. Nov 1985;103(5):665-670.
Page 9 of 109
Bibliography
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Blattner WA, Clark JW, Gibbs WN, et al. HTLV:
epidemiology and relationship to disease.
Princess Takamatsu Symp. 1984;15:93-108.
Boncy M, Laroche AC, Liautaud B, et al. Acquired
immunodeficiency in Haitians. N Engl J Med. Jun
9 1983;308(23):1419-1420.
Blauvelt A, Glushakova S, Margolis LB. HIVinfected human Langerhans cells transmit
infection to human lymphoid tissue ex vivo.
AIDS. Apr 14 2000;14(6):647-651.
Bond C. AIDS lays waste to Uganda. New Afr.
Jul 1986(226):30-31.
Blomberg J, Vincic E, Jonsson C, Medstrand P,
Pipkorn R. Identification of regions of HIV-1 p24
reactive with sera which give "indeterminate"
results in electrophoretic immunoblots with the
help of long synthetic peptides. AIDS Res Hum
Retroviruses. Dec 1990;6(12):1363-1372.
Bloom
AL.
AIDS
in
haemophiliacs
and
homosexuals. Lancet. Jan 4 1986;1(8471):36.
Blumberg BS, Millman I, London WT. Ted
Slavin's blood and the development of HBV
vaccine. N Engl J Med. Jan 17 1985;312(3):189.
Boeri E, Giri A, Lillo F, et al. In vivo genetic
variability of the human immunodeficiency virus
type 2 V3 region. J Virol. Jul 1992;66(7):45464550.
Boerma JT, Ghys PD, Walker N. Estimates of
HIV-1 prevalence from national populationbased surveys as a new gold standard. Lancet.
Dec 6 2003;362(9399):1929-1931.
Boffey P. U.S. and French teams report AIDS
virus finds. New York Times, March 27,
1986;U.S.
Bogaerts J, Lepage P, Rouvroy D, Vandepitte J.
Cryptosporidium spp., a frequent cause of
diarrhea in Central Africa. J Clin Microbiol. Nov
1984;20(5):874-876.
Bogart LM, Wagner G, Galvan FH, Banks D.
Conspiracy beliefs about HIV are related to
antiretroviral treatment nonadherence among
african american men with HIV. J Acquir
Immune Defic Syndr. Apr
Bohler T, Mrosek V, Muller K, et al. Cross-clade
recognition of HIV-1 CAp24 by CD4+ T cells in
HIV-1-infected individuals in Burkina Faso and
Germany. Open AIDS J. 2009;3:4-7.
Boily
MC,
Anderson
RM.
Human
immunodeficiency virus transmission and the
role of other sexually transmitted diseases.
Measures of association and study design. Sex
Transm Dis. Jul-Aug 1996;23(4):312-332.
Bommer J, Deinhardt F, Jilg W, Darai D,
Andrassy K, Ritz E. [Vaccination of uremic
patients against hepatitis B]. Dtsch Med
Wochenschr. Dec 2 1983;108(48):1823-1826.
Bommer J, Ritz E, Andrassy K, et al. Effect of
vaccination schedule and dialysis on hepatitis B
vaccination response in uraemic patients. Proc
Eur Dial Transplant Assoc. 1983;20:161-168.
Bond HE, Hall WT. Separation and purification of
hepatitis-associated antigen into morphologic
types by zonal ultracentrifugation. J Infect Dis.
Mar 1972;125(3):263-268.
Boonpucknavig
S,
Ekapanyakul
G.
Autoantibodies in sera of Thai patients with
Plasmodium falciparum infection. Clin Exp
Immunol. Oct 1984;58(1):77-82.
Boonpucknavig
S,
Ekapanyakul
G.
Autoantibodies in sera of Thai patients with
Plasmodium falciparum infection. Clin Exp
Immunol. Oct 1984;58(1):77-82.
Boshoff C, Weiss RA. Epidemiology and
pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated
herpesvirus. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.
Apr 29 2001;356(1408):517-534.
Bottiger B, Palme IB, da Costa JL, Dias LF,
Biberfeld G. Prevalence of HIV-1 and HIV2/HTLV-IV infections in Luanda and Cabinda,
Angola. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr.
1988;1(1):8-12.
Boulos R, Halsey NA, Holt E, et al. HIV-1 in
Haitian women 1982-1988. The Cite Soleil/JHU
AIDS Project Team. J Acquir Immune Defic
Syndr. 1990;3(7):721-728.
Bowen
DL,
Lane
HC,
Fauci
AS.
Immunopathogenesis
of
the
acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med.
Nov 1985;103(5):704-709.
Bowers JM, Dols CL, Barreuther CJ. Diarrhea in
HIV-infected individuals: a review. AIDS Patient
Care STDS. Feb 1996;10(1):25-31.
Bowley DM, Pitcher GJ. Action is still needed to
stem heterosexual transmission of HIV in Africa.
BMJ. Jun 29 2002;324(7353):1586.
Boyce JM, Pittet D. Guideline for Hand Hygiene
in Health-Care Settings. Recommendations of
the Healthcare Infection Control Practices
Advisory
Committee
and
the
HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task
Force. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of
America/Association
for
Professionals
in
Infection Control/Infectious Diseases Society of
America. MMWR Recomm Rep. Oct 25
2002;51(RR-16):1-45, quiz CE41-44.
Boyko WJ, Schechter MT, Craib KJ, et al. The
Vancouver Lymphadenopathy-AIDS Study: 7.
Clinical and laboratory features of 87 cases of
primary
HIV
infection.
Cmaj.
Jul
15
1987;137(2):109-113.
Page 10 of 109
Bibliography
Boyle J, Burton JL. Pseudo-Kaposi sarcoma.
Lancet. Oct 18 1986;2(8512):921.
Braathen LR, Ramirez G, Kunze RO, Mork C,
Strand O. Latent infection of epidermal
Langerhans cells in HIV-positive individuals. Res
Virol. Mar-Jun 1991;142(2-3):119-121.
Bracci L, Neri P. Molecular mimicry between the
rabies virus and human immunodeficiency virus.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. May 1995;119(5):391,
393.
Braun MJ, Clements JE, Gonda MA. The visna
virus genome: evidence for a hypervariable site
in the env gene and sequence homology among
lentivirus envelope proteins. J Virol. Dec
1987;61(12):4046-4054.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
ruminant lentivirus infections from a sheep
flock: a case report. Research in Veterinary
Science. Accepted for publication 2009.
Brites C, Sampalo J, Oliveira A. HIV/human Tcell lymphotropic virus coinfection revisited:
impact on AIDS progression. AIDS Rev. Jan-Mar
2009;11(1):8-16.
Britten RJ. Divergence between samples of
chimpanzee and human DNA sequences is 5%,
counting indels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Oct 15
2002;99(21):13633-13635.
Brody S. Lack of evidence for transmission of
human immunodeficiency virus through vaginal
intercourse.
Arch
Sex
Behav.
Aug
1995;24(4):383-393.
Braun MM, Heyward WL, Curran JW. The global
epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS. Annu
Rev Microbiol. 1990;44:555-577.
Brody S. Incidence of HIV infection decreases
because of nature of epidemics. BMJ. Jan 13
1996;312(7023):125.
Bredberg-Raden U, Kiango J, Mhalu F, Biberfeld
G.
Evaluation
of
commercial
enzyme
immunoassays for anti-HIV-1 using East African
sera. Aids. Aug 1988;2(4):281-285.
Brookmeyer R. Reconstruction and future trends
of the AIDS epidemic in the United States.
Science. Jul 5 1991;253(5015):37-42.
Brede H. [Hepatitis B immunization and AIDS].
Dtsch
Med
Wochenschr.
Sep
9
1983;108(36):1374-1375.
Brede H, Deinhardt F, Habermehl K, Maass G.
Sicherheit von Impfstoffen gegen Hepatitis B.
Dtsch med Wschr. 1983;108(19):754-755.
Bremard-Oury C. Screening for antibodies to
LAV/HTLV-III in recipients of immunoglobulin
preparations.
Lancet.
May
10
1986;1(8489):1090-1092.
Brennan G, Podell MD, Wack R, et al. Neurologic
disease in captive lions (Panthera leo) with lowtiter lion lentivirus infection. J Clin Microbiol. Dec
2006;44(12):4345-4352.
Brennan RO, Durack DT. Gay compromise
syndrome. Lancet. Dec 12 1981;2(8259):13381339.
Bresee JS, Mast EE, Coleman PJ, et al. Hepatitis
C virus infection associated with administration
of intravenous immune globulin. A cohort study.
JAMA. Nov 20 1996;276(19):1563-1567.
Brindle R, Holliman R, Gilks C, Waiyaki P.
Toxoplasma antibodies in HIV-positive patients
from Nairobi. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. NovDec 1991;85(6):750-751.
Brindle R, Simani P, Newnham R, Waiyaki P,
Gilks C. No association between meningococcal
disease and human immunodeficiency virus in
adults in Nairobi, Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med
Hyg. Sep-Oct 1991;85(5):651.
Brinkhof J. Use of serology and polymerase
chain reaction for the rapid eradication of small
Brown AE, Robb M, McCutchan F. Polymerase
chain reaction for diagnosis of HIV infection. Ann
Intern Med. May 1 1997;126(9):739-740.
Brown AJ. Sequence variability in human
immunodeficiency viruses: pattern and process
in viral evolution. AIDS. 1991;5 Suppl 2:S35-42.
Brown EW, Yuhki N, Packer C, O'Brien SJ. A lion
lentivirus related to feline immunodeficiency
virus: epidemiologic and phylogenetic aspects. J
Virol. Sep 1994;68(9):5953-5968.
Brown F. Human immunodeficiency
Science. Jun 20 1986;232(4757):1486.
virus.
Brown F. Review of accidents caused by
incomplete inactivation of viruses. Dev Biol
Stand. 1993;81:103-107.
Brown LS, Jr., Mitchell JL, DeVore SL, Primm BJ.
Female intravenous drug users and perinatal
HIV transmission. N Engl J Med. Jun 1
1989;320(22):1493-1494.
Brown T, Bao L, Raftery AE, et al. Modelling HIV
epidemics in the antiretroviral era: the UNAIDS
Estimation and Projection package 2009. Sex
Transm Infect. Dec 2010;86 Suppl 2:ii3-10.
Brown T, Grassly NC, Garnett G, Stanecki K.
Improving projections at the country level: the
UNAIDS Estimation and Projection Package
2005. Sex Transm Infect. Jun 2006;82 Suppl
3:iii34-40.
Brown T, Salomon JA, Alkema L, Raftery AE,
Gouws E. Progress and challenges in modelling
country-level HIV/AIDS epidemics: the UNAIDS
Estimation and Projection Package 2007. Sex
Transm Infect. Aug 2008;84 Suppl 1:i5-i10.
Page 11 of 109
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Bibliography
Brucker G, Brun-Vezinet F, Rosenheim M, Rey
MA, Katlama C, Gentilini M. HIV-2 infection in
two homosexual men in France. Lancet. Jan 24
1987;1(8526):223.
Brunet JB, Ancelle RA. The international
occurrence of the acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome.
Ann
Intern
Med.
Nov
1985;103(5):670-674.
Brunet JB, Bouvet E, Leibowitch J, et al.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in France.
Lancet. Mar 26 1983;1(8326 Pt 1):700-701.
Brunet JB, Bouvet E, Massari V. Epidemiological
aspects
of
acquired
immune
deficiency
syndrome in France. Ann N Y Acad Sci.
1984;437:334-339.
Brun-Vezinet F, Delaporte E, Simon F, Dazza M,
Peeters M, Saimot A. Epidemiologie de l'infection
HIV-2 en Afrique. Médecine et Maladies
Infectieuses. December 1988;18(Suppl 5):698701.
Brun-Vezinet F, Jaeger G, Rouzioux C, et al.
Lack of evidence for human or simian Tlymphotropic viruses type III infection in
pygmies. Lancet. Apr 12 1986;1(8485):854.
Brun-Vezinet F, Rey MA, Katlama C, et al.
Lymphadenopathy-associated virus type 2 in
AIDS and AIDS-related complex. Clinical and
virological features in four patients. Lancet. Jan
17 1987;1(8525):128-132.
Brun-Vezinet F, Rouzioux C, Barre-Sinoussi F, et
al.
Detection
of
IgG
antibodies
to
lymphadenopathy-associated virus in patients
with AIDS or lymphadenopathy syndrome.
Lancet. Jun 9 1984;1(8389):1253-1256.
Brun-Vezinet F, Rouzioux
Prevalence of antibodies
associated retrovirus in
AIDS. Science. Oct 26
456.
C, Montagnier L, et al.
to lymphadenopathyAfrican patients with
1984;226(4673):453-
Bryant ML, Gardner MB, Marx PA, et al.
Immunodeficiency in rhesus monkeys associated
with the original Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. J
Natl Cancer Inst. Oct 1986;77(4):957-965.
Bryant ML, Marx PA, Shiigi SM, Wilson BJ,
McNulty WP, Gardner MB. Distribution of type D
retrovirus sequences in tissues of macaques
with simian acquired immune deficiency and
retroperitoneal fibromatosis. Virology. Apr 15
1986;150(1):149-160.
Bryant ML, Yamamoto J, Luciw P, et al.
Molecular comparison of retroviruses associated
with human and simian AIDS. Hematol Oncol.
Jul-Sep 1985;3(3):187-197.
Bryceson A, Tomkins A, Ridley D, et al. HIV-2associated AIDS in the 1970s. Lancet. Jul 23
1988;2(8604):221.
Bucci JG, English RV, Jordan HL, Childers TA,
Tompkins
MB,
Tompkins
WA.
Mucosally
transmitted
feline
immunodeficiency
virus
induces a CD8+ antiviral response that
correlates with reduction of cell-associated virus.
J Infect Dis. Jan 1998;177(1):18-25.
Budka
H,
Lassmann
H.
Human
Immunodeficiency Virus in Glial Cells. J Infect
Dis. 1988;157(1):203.
Bukrinsky MI, Chaplinskas SA, Syrtsev VA,
Bravkilene LA, Philippov YV. Reactivity to gagand env-related proteins in immunoblot assay is
not necessarily indicative of HIV infection. AIDS.
Oct 1988;2(5):405-406.
Bulterys M, Chao A, Bugingo G, Dushimimana A,
Duerr A. Female-to-male transmission of HIV-1.
Lancet. Oct 21 1989;2(8669):977-978.
Bulterys M, Nzabihimana E, Chao A, et al. Longterm survival among HIV-1-infected prostitutes.
Aids. Sep 1993;7(9):1269.
Burgisser P, Odier L, Schupbach J, Frei PC. First
documented case of human immunodeficiency
virus type 2 infection in an asymptomatic Swiss
subject. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. Oct
1989;8(10):889-892.
Burkala E, Poss M. Evolution of feline
immunodeficiency virus Gag proteins. Virus
Genes. Oct 2007;35(2):251-264.
Burke DS. Laboratory diagnosis of human
immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Lab Med.
Sep 1989;9(3):369-392.
Burke DS, Brundage JF, Redfield RR, et al.
Measurement of the false positive rate in a
screening program for human immunodeficiency
virus infections. N Engl J Med. Oct 13
1988;319(15):961-964.
Burke DS, Redfield RR. False-positive Western
blot tests for antibodies to HTLV-III. JAMA. Jul
18 1986;256(3):347.
Burkhardt U, Mertens T, Eggers HJ. Comparison
of two commercially available anti-HIV ELISAs:
Abbott HTLV III EIA and Du Pont HTLV IIIELISA. J Med Virol. Nov 1987;23(3):217-224.
Burns-Cox C. Voluntary counselling and testing
for HIV-1. Lancet. Jan 13 2001;357(9250):145.
Burny A, Bruck C, Cleuter Y, et al. Bovine
leukemia virus, a versatile agent with various
pathogenic effects in various animal species.
Cancer Res. Sep 1985;45(9 Suppl):4578s4582s.
Burny A, Bruck C, Cleuter Y, et al. Bovine
leukemia virus, a distinguished member of the
human T-lymphotropic virus family. Princess
Takamatsu Symp. 1984;15:219-227.
Page 12 of 109
Bibliography
Burny A, Cleuter Y, Kettmann R, et al. Bovine
leukemia: facts and hypotheses derived from
the study of an infectious cancer. Adv Vet Sci
Comp Med. 1988;32:149-170.
Burr T, Hyman JM, Myers G. The origin of
acquired
immune
deficiency
syndrome:
Darwinian or Lamarckian? Philos Trans R Soc
Lond B Biol Sci. Jun 29 2001;356(1410):877887.
Burtonboy G, Delferriere N, Mousset B,
Heusterspreute M. Isolation of a C-type
retrovirus from an HIV infected cell line. Arch
Virol. 1993;130(3-4):289-300.
Busch MP, el Amad Z, McHugh TM, Chien D,
Polito AJ. Reliable confirmation and quantitation
of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
antibody
using
a
recombinant-antigen
immunoblot
assay.
Transfusion.
Feb
1991;31(2):129-137.
Busch MP, Glynn SA. Use of blood-donor and
transfusion-recipient biospecimen repositories to
address emerging blood-safety concerns and
advance infectious disease research: the
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Biologic Specimen Repository. J Infect Dis. Jun 1
2009;199(11):1564-1566.
Busch MP, Satten GA. Time course of viremia
and antibody seroconversion following human
immunodeficiency virus exposure. Am J Med.
May 19 1997;102(5B):117-124; discussion 125116.
Butto S, Suligoi B, Fanales-Belasio E, Raimondo
M. Laboratory diagnostics for HIV infection. Ann
Ist Super Sanita. 2010;46(1):24-33.
Butto S, Verani P, Titti F, Rezza G, Sernicola L,
Rossi GB. Simultaneous seropositivity to HIV-1
and HIV-2 in Italian drug abusers. Aids. Apr
1988;2(2):139-140.
Buynak EB, Roehm RR, Tytell AA, Bertland AU,
2nd, Lampson GP, Hilleman MR. Development
and chimpanzee testing of a vaccine against
human hepatitis B. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. Apr
1976;151(4):694-700.
Buynak EB, Roehm RR, Tytell AA, Bertland AU,
2nd, Lampson GP, Hilleman MR. Vaccine against
human
hepatitis
B.
JAMA.
Jun
28
1976;235(26):2832-2834.
Bygbjerg IC. AIDS in a Danish surgeon (Zaire,
1976). Lancet. Apr 23 1983;1(8330):925.
Bygbjerg IC, Schiodt M, Bakilana PB, et al.
Usefulness of a clinical case-definition of AIDS in
East Africa. Lancet. Sep 5 1987;2(8558):569.
Bylund DJ, Ziegner UH, Hooper DG. Review of
testing for human immunodeficiency virus. Clin
Lab Med. Jun 1992;12(2):305-333.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Calabrese LH, Proffitt MR, Rehm S, et al. Lack of
correlation
between
promiscuity
and
seropositivity to HTLV-III from a low-incidence
area for AIDS. N Engl J Med. May 9
1985;312(19):1256-1257.
Calender A, Gessain A, Essex M, de The G.
Seroepidemiology of human T-cell leukemia
virus in the French West Indies: antibodies in
blood
donors
and
patients
with
lymphoproliferative diseases who do not have
AIDS. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1984;437:175-176.
Cameron DW, Padian NS. Sexual transmission of
HIV and the epidemiology of other sexually
transmitted diseases. AIDS. 1990;4 Suppl
1:S99-103.
Cameron DW, Simonsen JN, D'Costa LJ, et al.
Female to male transmission of human
immunodeficiency virus type 1: risk factors for
seroconversion in men. Lancet. Aug 19
1989;2(8660):403-407.
Campo J, Del Romero J, Castilla J, Garcia S,
Rodriguez C, Bascones A. Oral candidiasis as a
clinical marker related to viral load, CD4
lymphocyte
count
and
CD4
lymphocyte
percentage in HIV-infected patients. J Oral
Pathol Med. Jan 2002;31(1):5-10.
Cann AJ, Karn J. Molecular biology of HIV: new
insights into the virus life-cycle. AIDS. 1989;3
Suppl 1:S19-34.
Canning EU. Protozoan infections. Trans R Soc
Trop Med Hyg. 1990;84 Suppl 1:19-24.
Cannon MJ, Operskalski EA, Mosley JW, Radford
K, Dollard SC. Lack of evidence for human
herpesvirus-8 transmission via blood transfusion
in a historical US cohort. J Infect Dis. Jun 1
2009;199(11):1592-1598.
Carael M, Van de Perre PH, Lepage PH, et al.
Human immunodeficiency virus transmission
among heterosexual couples in Central Africa.
AIDS. Jun 1988;2(3):201-205.
Carme B, Mboussa J, Andzin M, Mbouni E, Mpele
P, Datry A. Pneumocystis carinii is rare in AIDS
in Central Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg.
Jan-Feb 1991;85(1):80.
Carne CA, Weller IV, Loveday C, Adler MW. From
persistent generalised lymphadenopathy to
AIDS: who will progress? Br Med J (Clin Res Ed).
Apr 4 1987;294(6576):868-869.
Carpenter S, Dobbs D. Molecular and biological
characterization of equine infectious anemia
virus Rev. Curr HIV Res. Jan 2010;8(1):87-93.
Carr J, Foley B, Leitner T, Salminen M, Korber B,
McCutchan
F.
Reference
Sequences
Representing the Principal Genetic Diversity of
HIV-1 in the Pandemic: Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; 1998.
Page 13 of 109
Bibliography
Carswell JW. HIV infection in healthy persons in
Uganda. AIDS. Dec 1987;1(4):223-227.
Carswell JW. Clinical manifestations of AIDS in
tropical
countries.
Trop
Doct.
Oct
1988;18(4):147-150.
Carswell JW, Lloyd G. Rise in prevalence of HIV
antibodies recorded at an antenatal booking
clinic
in
Kampala,
Uganda.
Aids.
Sep
1987;1(3):192-193.
Carswell JW, Lloyd G, Howells J. Prevalence of
HIV-1 in east African lorry drivers. AIDS. Nov
1989;3(11):759-761.
Carswell JW, Sewankambo N, Lloyd G, Downing
RG. How long has the AIDS virus been in
Uganda? Lancet. May 24 1986;1(8491):1217.
Carswell W. HIV in South Africa. Lancet. Jul 17
1993;342(8864):132.
Caruso BM, Dorizzi RM, Tagliaro F, et al. Rapid
discrimination between HIV-1 and HIV-2
infection. Lancet. Nov 11 1989;2(8672):11561157.
Casemore DP. Epidemiological aspects of human
cryptosporidiosis.
Epidemiol
Infect.
Feb
1990;104(1):1-28.
Castro BA, Cheng-Mayer C, Evans LA, Levy JA.
HIV heterogeneity and viral pathogenesis. AIDS.
1988;2 Suppl 1:S17-27.
Castro BA, Walker CM, Tateno M, et al. Human
immunodeficiency
virus
(HIV)
from
experimentally infected chimpanzees: isolation
and
characterization.
J
Med
Primatol.
1989;18(3-4):337-342.
Cauthen G, Bloch A, Snider D. Reported AIDS
patients with tuberculosis in the United States.
Paper presented at: Int Conf AIDS, 1990
Cavalieri F, Ruscio T, Tinoco R, Benedict S,
Davis C, Vogt PK. Characteristics of three new
avian sarcoma viruses, ASV 9, ASV 17, and ASV
25. Princess Takamatsu Symp. 1984;15:139145.
CDC. HIV transmission through transfusion --Missouri and Colorado, 2008. MMWR Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep. Oct 22;59(41):1335-1339.
CDC. Follow-up on Kaposi's sarcoma and
Pneumocystis pneumonia. MMWR Morb Mortal
Wkly Rep. Aug 28 1981;30(33):409-410.
CDC. Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis
pneumonia among homosexual men--New York
City and California. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly
Rep. Jul 3 1981;30(25):305-308.
CDC. Pneumocystis Pneumonia - Los Angeles.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. June 5
1981;30(21):250-252.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
CDC. A cluster of Kaposi's sarcoma and
Pneumocystis
carinii
pneumonia
among
homosexual male residents of Los Angeles and
Orange Counties, California. MMWR Morb Mortal
Wkly Rep. Jun 18 1982;31(23):305-307.
CDC. Epidemiologic aspects of the current
outbreak of Kaposi's sarcoma and opportunistic
infections.
N
Engl
J
Med.
Jan
28
1982;306(4):248-252.
CDC. Hepatitis B virus vaccine safety: report of
an inter-agency group. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly
Rep. Sep 3 1982;31(34):465-467.
CDC. Persistent, generalized lymphadenopathy
among homosexual males. MMWR Morb Mortal
Wkly Rep. May 21 1982;31(19):249-251.
CDC. Update on acquired immune deficiency
syndrome (AIDS)--United States. MMWR Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep. Sep 24 1982;31(37):507-508,
513-514.
CDC. Update on Kaposi's sarcoma and
opportunistic infections in previously healthy
persons--United States. MMWR Morb Mortal
Wkly Rep. Jun 11 1982;31(22):294, 300-291.
CDC. Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS), Pneumocystis
Carinii
Pneumonia
(PCP),
and
Other
Opportunistic Infections (OI): Cases Reported to
CDC as sf July 8, 1982. HIV Surveillance Report
[http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/res
ources/reports/pdf/surveillance82.pdf.
CDC. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among
persons with hemophilia A. MMWR Morb Mortal
Wkly Rep. Jul 16 1982;31(27):365-367.
CDC. Opportunistic infections and Kaposi's
sarcoma among Haitians in the United States.
MMWR
Morb
Mortal
Wkly
Rep.
Jul
9
1982;31(26):353-354, 360-351.
CDC. Possible transfusion-associated acquired
immune
deficiency
syndrome
(AIDS)
California. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Dec 10
1982;31(48):652-654.
CDC.
Unexplained
immunodeficiency
and
opportunistic infections in infants--New York,
New Jersey, California. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly
Rep. Dec 17 1982;31(49):665-667.
CDC. The safety of hepatitis B virus vaccine.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Mar 18
1983;32(10):134-136.
CDC.
Update:
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS)--United States. MMWR Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep. Aug 5 1983;32(30):389-391.
CDC. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) Weekly Surveillance Report - United
States, December 22, 1983. HIV Surveillance
Report
Page 14 of 109
Bibliography
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
[http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/res
ources/reports/pdf/surveillance83.pdf.
incidences of the syndrome. MMWR Morb Mortal
Wkly Rep. Jul 13 1984;33(27):377-379.
CDC. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS) update--United States. MMWR Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep. Jun 24 1983;32(24):309-311.
CDC.
Update:
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome--Europe. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly
Rep. Mar 22 1985;34(11):147-150, 155-146.
CDC.
Update:
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS)--United States. MMWR Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep. Sep 9 1983;32(35):465-467.
CDC. Suboptimal Response to Hepatitis B
Vaccine Given by Injection into the Buttock
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. March 01
1985;34(8):105-108,113.
CDC.
Update:
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS)--United States. MMWR Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep. Sep 9 1983;32(35):465-467.
CDC. Immunodeficiency among female sexual
partners of males with acquired immune
deficiency syndrome (AIDS) - New York. MMWR
Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Jan 7 1983;31(52):697698.
CDC. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
(AIDS) in prison inmates--New York, New
Jersey. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Jan 7
1983;31(52):700-701.
CDC. Current Trends Prevention of Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS): Report of
Inter-Agency Recommendations MMWR Morb
Mortal
Wkly
Rep.
March
04,
1983
1983;32(8):101-103.
CDC.
Update:
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS) - United States. MMWR Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep. Jan 6 1984;32(52):688-691.
CDC. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) Weekly Surveillance Report - United
States, December 31, 1984. HIV Surveillance
Report
[http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/res
ources/reports/pdf/surveillance84.pdf.
CDC.
Update:
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS)--United States. MMWR Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep. Jun 22 1984;33(24):337-339.
CDC.
Update:
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome--Europe. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly
Rep. Nov 2 1984;33(43):607-609.
CDC.
Update:
Acquired
Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS) -- United States. MMWR Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep. January 06 1984;32(52):688691.
CDC.
Update:
Acquired
Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS) -- United States MMWR Morb
Mortal
Wkly
Rep.
November
30,
1984
1984;33(47):661-664.
CDC.
Update:
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS)--United States. MMWR Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep. Jun 22 1984;33(24):337-339.
CDC. Antibodies to a retrovirus etiologically
associated with acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS) in populations with increased
CDC.
Update:
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome in the San Francisco Cohort Study,
1978-1985. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Sep
27 1985;34(38):573-575.
CDC. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) Weekly Surveillance Report - United
States, December 30, 1985. HIV Surveillance
Report
[http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/res
ources/reports/pdf/surveillance85.pdf.
CDC.
Update:
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome--United States. MMWR Morb Mortal
Wkly Rep. May 10 1985;34(18):245-248.
CDC. Revision of the case definition of acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome
for
national
reporting--United States. MMWR Morb Mortal
Wkly Rep. Jun 28 1985;34(25):373-375.
CDC.
Recommendations
for
preventing
transmission of infection with human Tlymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathyassociated virus in the workplace. MMWR Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep. Nov 15 1985;34(45):681-686,
691-685.
CDC. Leads from the MMWR. Hepatitis B
vaccine: evidence confirming lack of AIDS
transmission. JAMA. Jan 4 1985;253(1):21-22.
CDC. Update: prospective evaluation of healthcare workers exposed via the parenteral or
mucous-membrane route to blood or body fluids
from patients with acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome--United States. MMWR Morb Mortal
Wkly Rep. Feb 22 1985;34(7):101-103.
CDC. Safety of therapeutic immune globulin
preparations with respect to transmission of
human
T-lymphotropic
virus
type
III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus infection.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Apr 11
1986;35(14):231-233.
CDC. Classification system for human Tlymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathyassociated virus infections. MMWR Morb Mortal
Wkly Rep. May 23 1986;35(20):334-339.
CDC. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) Weekly Surveillance Report - United
States,
December
29,
1986.
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/reso
urces/reports/pdf/surveillance86.pdf.
Page 15 of 109
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Bibliography
CDC.
Update:
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome--United States. MMWR Morb Mortal
Wkly Rep. Jan 17 1986;35(2):17-21.
CDC. Human immunodeficiency virus infection in
the United States: a review of current
knowledge. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Dec
18 1987;36 Suppl 6:1-48.
CDC. Revision of the CDC surveillance case
definition
for
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome. Council of State and Territorial
Epidemiologists; AIDS Program, Center for
Infectious Diseases. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly
Rep. Aug 14 1987;36 Suppl 1:1S-15S.
CDC. Cases of specified notifiable disease,United
States, weeks ending April 11, 1987 and April 5,
1986 (14th Week). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly
Rep. April 17, 1987 1987;36(14):215.
CDC. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) Weekly Surveillance Report - United
States, December 28, 1987. December 28,
1987;
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/reso
urces/reports/pdf/surveillance87.pdf,
AIDS
Weekly Surveillance Report.
CDC. AIDS Weekly Surveillance Report
September 21, 1987 September 21 1987.
-
CDC. AIDS due to HIV-2 infection--New Jersey.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Jan 29
1988;37(3):33-35.
CDC. Guidelines for effective school health
education to prevent the spread of AIDS. MMWR
Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Jan 29 1988;37 Suppl
2:1-14.
CDC. Interpretation and use of the western blot
assay
for
serodiagnosis
of
human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections. MMWR
Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Jul 21 1989;38(Suppl
7):1-7.
CDC. Tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency
virus
infection:
recommendations
of
the
Advisory Committee for the Elimination of
Tuberculosis (ACET). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly
Rep. Apr 14 1989;38(14):236-238, 243-250.
CDC. Table III. Cases of specified notifiable
diseases, United States, weeks ending October
21, 1989 and October 22, 1989 (42nd Week).
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Oct 27
1989;38(42):721-724.
CDC. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Centers for Disease
Control; 1989.
CDC. U.S. AIDS cases reported through
December 1989. HIV/AIDS Surveillance [Year
End
Edition:http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillan
ce/resources/reports/pdf/surveillance89.pdf.
CDC. TABLE II. Cases of specified notifiable
diseases, United States,weeks ending April 28,
1990, and April 29, 1989 (17th Week). MMWR
Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. May 4, 1990
1990;39(17):289.
CDC. Estimates of HIV prevalence and projected
AIDS cases: summary of a workshop, October
31-November 1, 1989. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly
Rep. Feb 23 1990;39(7):110-112, 117-119.
CDC. 1993 revised classification system for HIV
infection and expanded surveillance case
definition for AIDS among adolescents and
adults.
MMWR
Recomm
Rep.
Dec
18
1992;41(RR-17):1-19.
CDC. Recommendations for prophylaxis against
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for adults and
adolescents
infected
with
human
immunodeficiency virus. MMWR Recomm Rep.
Apr 10 1992;41(RR-4):1-11.
CDC. False-positive serologic tests for human Tcell lymphotropic virus type I among blood
donors following influenza vaccination, 1992.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Mar 12
1993;42(9):173-175.
CDC. U.S. HIV and AIDS cases reported through
December 1993. HIV/AID Surveillance Report.
1993;5(5).
CDC. Case-control study of HIV seroconversion
in health-care workers after percutaneous
exposure to HIV-infected blood--France, United
Kingdom, and United States, January 1988August 1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Dec
22 1995;44(50):929-933.
CDC. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report. HIV/AIDS
Surveillance Report. 1995;7(2).
CDC. Ten leading nationally notifiable infectious
diseases--United States, 1995. MMWR Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep. Oct 18 1996;45(41):883-884.
CDC. Update: provisional Public Health Service
recommendations for chemoprophylaxis after
occupational exposure to HIV. MMWR Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep. Jun 7 1996;45(22):468-480.
CDC. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report. 1996;8(2).
CDC. Table II. Provisional cases of selected
notifiable diseases, United States, weeks ending
October 26, 1995, and October 28, 1996. MMWR
Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Nov 1 1996;45(43):954955.
CDC. 1999 USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the
prevention of opportunistic infections in persons
infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) and
Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA).
MMWR Recomm Rep. Aug 20 1999;48(RR10):1-59, 61-56.
Page 16 of 109
Bibliography
CDC. Table 16. AIDS cases, by persons’ age
category, exposure category, and sex, reported
through
December
2002—United
States.
December
2002;
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/surveillance/resources/r
eports/2002report/pdf/table16.pdf.
CDC. Emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
with extensive resistance to second-line drugs-worldwide, 2000-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly
Rep. Mar 24 2006;55(11):301-305.
CDC. Table 19 - Reported AIDS cases, by
transmission category and sex, 2007 and
cumulative—United States and dependent areas.
HIV/AIDS
Surveillance
Report
[http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/surveillance/resources/
reports/2007report/table19.htm.
Accessed
October 24, 2010.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Chaisson RE, Hopewell PC. Mycobacteria and
AIDS mortality. Am Rev Respir Dis. Jan
1989;139(1):1-3.
Chakaya JM, Bii C, Ng'ang'a L, et al.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV/AIDS
patients at an urban district hospital in Kenya.
East Afr Med J. Jan 2003;80(1):30-35.
Chakrabarti L, Guyader M, Alizon M, et al.
Sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus
from macaque and its relationship to other
human and simian retroviruses. Nature. Aug 612 1987;328(6130):543-547.
Chalifoux LV, King NW, Letvin NL. Morphologic
changes in lymph nodes of macaques with an
immunodeficiency syndrome. Lab Invest. Jul
1984;51(1):22-26.
CDC. Investigation of patients treated by an
HIV-infected
cardiothoracic
surgeon--Israel,
2007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Jan 9
2009;57(53):1413-1415.
Challakere K, Rapaport MH. False-positive
human immunodeficiency virus type I ELISA
results in low-risk subjects. West J Med. Aug
1993;159(2):214-215.
CDC.
Pneumocystis
Infection.
Laboratory
Identification of Parasites of Public Health
concern
[http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/html/pneumocys
tis.htm. Accessed September 10, 2010.
Chamberland ME, Castro KG, Haverkos HW, et
al. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the
United States: an analysis of cases outside highincidence groups. Ann Intern Med. Nov
1984;101(5):617-623.
CDC. Diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS in the
United States and Dependent Areas, 2008. Vol
20. Atlanta GA, USA: Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, Department of Health
and Human Services; 2010.
Chan CK, Alvarez Bognar F, Wong KH, et al. The
epidemiology and clinical manifestations of
human
immunodeficiency
virus-associated
tuberculosis in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J.
Jun 2010;16(3):192-198.
CDC. Vital signs: HIV testing and diagnosis
among
adults--United
States,
2001-2009.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Dec 3
2010;59(47):1550-1555.
Chandhiok N, Gangakhedkar RR. The new
evidence on male circumcision: an Indian
perspective. Reprod Health Matters. May
2007;15(29):53-56.
CDC. HIV surveillance--United States, 19812008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Jun 3
2011;60(21):689-693.
Chang SY, Bowman BH, Weiss JB, Garcia RE,
White TJ. The origin of HIV-1 isolate HTLV-IIIB.
Nature. Jun 3 1993;363(6428):466-469.
CDC, Poiesz B, Tomar R, Lehr B, J M. Hepatitis B
vaccine: evidence confirming lack of AIDS
transmission. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Dec
14 1984;33(49):685-687.
Chang Y, Ziegler J, Wabinga H, et al. Kaposi's
sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Kaposi's
sarcoma in Africa. Uganda Kaposi's Sarcoma
Study Group. Arch Intern Med. Jan 22
1996;156(2):202-204.
CDC, WHO. AIDS: 1987 revision of CDC/WHO
case definition. Bull World Health Organ.
1988;66(2):259-263, 269-273.
CDC,
WHO.
Acquired
Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS): 1987 revision of CDC/WHO
case definition. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. January
1988 1988;63(1/2):1-8.
Celum CL, Coombs RW, Jones M, et al. Risk
factors for repeatedly reactive HIV-1 EIA and
indeterminate western blots. A population-based
case-control study. Arch Intern Med. May 23
1994;154(10):1129-1137.
Charalambous S, Innes C, Muirhead D, et al.
Evaluation of a workplace HIV treatment
programme in South Africa. AIDS. Jul 2007;21
Suppl 3:S73-78.
Charmot G, Coulaud J. Role des co-facteurs
infectieux dans les infections a retrovirus en
zone
tropicale.
Médecine
et
Maladies
Infectieuses. December 1988;18(Suppl 5):702706.
Charmot G, Simon F. [HIV infection and
malaria]. Rev Prat. Oct 11 1990;40(23):21412143.
Page 17 of 109
Bibliography
Chase RA, Kessler HA, Landay AL, et al.
Sensitivity and specificity of an HIV antibody
assay. AIDS Res. Fall 1986;2(4):369-375.
Chastel C. [Viral contamination in laboratories
and hospital units]. Pathol Biol (Paris). Feb
1975;23(2):151-159.
Chattopadhya D, Aggarwal RK, Baveja UK, Doda
V, Kumari S. Evaluation of epidemiological and
serological
predictors
of
human
immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection
among high risk professional blood donors with
western blot indeterminate results. J Clin Virol.
Jul 24 1998;11(1):39-49.
Cheingsong-Popov R, Weiss RA, Dalgleish A, et
al. Prevalence of antibody to human Tlymphotropic virus type III in AIDS and AIDSrisk patients in Britain. Lancet. Sep 1
1984;2(8401):477-480.
Chen FC, Li WH. Genomic divergences between
humans and other hominoids and the effective
population size of the common ancestor of
humans and chimpanzees. Am J Hum Genet.
Feb 2001;68(2):444-456.
Chen J, Wang L, Chen JJ, et al. Detection of
antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) that recognize conformational epitopes of
glycoproteins 160 and 41 often allows for early
diagnosis of HIV infection. J Infect Dis. Aug 1
2002;186(3):321-331.
Chen YM, Jang YJ, Kanki PJ, et al. Isolation and
characterization of simian T-cell leukemia virus
type II from New World monkeys. J Virol. Feb
1994;68(2):1149-1157.
Chen Z, Luckay A, Sodora DL, et al. Human
immunodeficiency
virus
type
2
(HIV-2)
seroprevalence and characterization of a distinct
HIV-2 genetic subtype from the natural range of
simian immunodeficiency virus-infected sooty
mangabeys. J Virol. May 1997;71(5):39533960.
Chen Z, Telfer P, Reed P, et al. Isolation and
characterization
of
the
first
simian
immunodeficiency virus from a feral sooty
mangabey (Cercocebus atys) in West Africa. J
Med Primatol. May 1995;24(3):108-115.
Chen Z, Telfier P, Gettie A, et al. Genetic
characterization of new West African simian
immunodeficiency virus SIVsm: geographic
clustering of household-derived SIV strains with
human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtypes
and genetically diverse viruses from a single
feral sooty mangabey troop. J Virol. Jun
1996;70(6):3617-3627.
Chevret S, Costagliola D, Lefrere JJ, Valleron AJ.
A new approach to estimating AIDS incubation
times: results in homosexual infected men. J
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Epidemiol
Community
1992;46(6):582-586.
Health.
Dec
Chew SK. The acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome--a review of the global situation.
Singapore Med J. Apr 1989;30(2):195-198.
Chikwem JO, Ola TO, Gashau W, Chikwem SD,
Bajami M, Mambula S. Impact of health
education on prostitutes' awareness and
attitudes to
acquired immune deficiency
syndrome
(AIDS).
Public
Health.
Sep
1988;102(5):439-445.
Chin J. Public health surveillance of AIDS and
HIV infections. Bull World Health Organ.
1990;68(5):529-536.
Chin J, Lwanga SK. Estimation and projection of
adult AIDS cases: a simple epidemiological
model.
Bull
World
Health
Organ.
1991;69(4):399-406.
Chin J, Mann J. Global surveillance and
forecasting of AIDS. Bull World Health Organ.
1989;67(1):1-7.
Chin J, Mann JM. The global patterns and
prevalence of AIDS and HIV infection. AIDS.
1988;2 Suppl 1:S247-252.
Chintu C, Baboo KS, Gould SS, DuPont HL,
Murphy JR. False-positive self-reports of HIV
infection. Lancet. Mar 1 1997;349(9052):650.
Chintu C, Mudenda V, Lucas S, et al. Lung
diseases at necropsy in African children dying
from
respiratory
illnesses:
a
descriptive
necropsy
study.
Lancet.
Sep
28
2002;360(9338):985-990.
Chiphangwi J, Liomba G, Ntaba HM, et al.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection is
prevalent in Malawi. Infection. 1987;15(5):363.
Chitnis A, Rawls D, Moore J. Origin of HIV type 1
in colonial French Equatorial Africa? AIDS Res
Hum Retroviruses. Jan 1 2000;16(1):5-8.
Chiu IM, Yaniv A, Dahlberg JE, et al. Nucleotide
sequence evidence for relationship of AIDS
retrovirus to lentiviruses. Nature. Sep 26-Oct 2
1985;317(6035):366-368.
Cho MW, Lee MK, Chen CH, Matthews T, Martin
MA. Identification of gp120 regions targeted by
a highly potent neutralizing antiserum elicited in
a chimpanzee inoculated with a primary human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate. J Virol.
Oct 2000;74(20):9749-9754.
Chopra HC, Mason MM. A new virus in a
spontaneous mammary tumor of a rhesus
monkey. Cancer Res. Aug 1970;30(8):20812086.
Christiansen CB, Jessen TE, Nielsen C, StaunOlsen P. False negative anti-HIV-1/HIV-2 ELISAs
Page 18 of 109
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Bibliography
Sang.
Clements JE. Genetic regulation of the ungulate
lentiviruses. AIDS. 1991;5 Suppl 2:S15-20.
Christie JM, Healey CJ, Watson J, et al. Clinical
outcome of hypogammaglobulinaemic patients
following outbreak of acute hepatitis C: 2 year
follow
up.
Clin
Exp
Immunol.
Oct
1997;110(1):4-8.
Clerici M, Shearer GM. A TH1-->TH2 switch is a
critical step in the etiology of HIV infection.
Immunol Today. Mar 1993;14(3):107-111.
in
acute
HIV-2
infection.
1996;70(3):144-147.
Vox
Christie RB. Safety of albumin preparations
manufactured from plasma not tested for HIV
antibody. Lancet. Aug 1 1987;2(8553):283-284.
Chrystie IL, Palmer SJ, Voller A, Banatvala JE.
False-positive serology and HIV infection.
Lancet. Feb 13 1993;341(8842):441-442.
Chu SY, Peterman TA, Doll LS, Buehler JW,
Curran JW. AIDS in bisexual men in the United
States: epidemiology and transmission to
women.
Am
J
Public
Health.
Feb
1992;82(2):220-224.
Chuck S, Grant RM, Katongole-Mbidde E, Conant
M, Ganem D. Frequent presence of a novel
herpesvirus genome in lesions of human
immunodeficiency
virus-negative
Kaposi's
sarcoma. J Infect Dis. Jan 1996;173(1):248251.
Ciccaglione AR, Miceli M, Pisani G, et al.
Improving HIV-2 detection by a combination of
serological and nucleic acid amplification test
assays. J Clin Microbiol. Aug 2010;48(8):29022908.
Cimons M. U.S. Approves Sale of AZT to AIDS
Patients. Los Angeles Times. March 21, 1987.
Circulations ABo. Scientific American Circulation
- December 31, 2009. Schaumburg, IL: Audit
Bureau of Circulations; 2010.
Clark JL, Coates TJ, Lescano AG, et al. Different
positive predictive values of commercially
available
human
immunodeficiency
virus
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Clin
Vaccine Immunol. Feb 2006;13(2):302-303.
Clarke M. Two British blood tests launched.
Nature. Aug 8-14 1985;316(6028):474.
Clavel F, Guetard D, Brun-Vezinet F, et al.
Isolation of a new human retrovirus from West
African patients with AIDS. Science. Jul 18
1986;233(4761):343-346.
Clavel F, Guyader M, Guetard D, Salle M,
Montagnier L, Alizon M. Molecular cloning and
polymorphism of the human immune deficiency
virus
type
2.
Nature.
Dec
18-31
1986;324(6098):691-695.
Clavel F, Mansinho K, Chamaret S, et al. Human
immunodeficiency
virus
type
2
infection
associated with AIDS in West Africa. N Engl J
Med. May 7 1987;316(19):1180-1185.
Cleve H, Weidinger S, Gurtler LG, Deinhardt F.
AIDS: no association with the genetic systems
GC (D-binding protein), ORM (orosomucoid =
alpha-1-acid glycoprotein), and A2HS (alpha-2HS-glycoprotein). Infection. 1988;16(1):31-35.
Clotet B, Grifol M, Parra O, et al. Asymptomatic
esophageal
candidiasis
in
the
acquiredimmunodeficiency-syndrome-related
complex.
Ann Intern Med. Jul 1986;105(1):145.
CLSI. How to Define, Determine, and Utilize
Reference Intervals in the Clinical Laboratory;
Approved Guideline (NCCLS Document C28-A2).
Second Edition ed. Wayne, PA: Clinical and
Laboratory Standards Institute; 2000.
Clumeck N. Acquired immune deficiency
syndrome in Belgium. Eur J Clin Microbiol. Feb
1984;3(1):59-60.
Clumeck N. AIDS
1989;44:37-63.
in
Africa.
Immunol
Ser.
Clumeck N, Mascart-Lemone F, de Maubeuge J,
Brenez D, Marcelis L. Acquired immune
deficiency syndrome in Black Africans. Lancet.
Mar 19 1983;1(8325):642.
Clumeck N, Robert-Guroff M, Van de Perre P, et
al. Seroepidemiological studies of HTLV-III
antibody prevalence among selected groups of
heterosexual
Africans.
Jama.
Nov
8
1985;254(18):2599-2602.
Clumeck N, Sonnet J, Taelman H, Cran S,
Henrivaux P. Acquired immune deficiency
syndrome in Belgium and its relation to Central
Africa. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1984;437:264-269.
Clumeck N, Sonnet J, Taelman H, et al. Acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome in African patients.
N Engl J Med. Feb 23 1984;310(8):492-497.
Clumeck N, Taelman H, Hermans P,
Schoumacher M, De Wit S. A cluster
infection among heterosexual people
apparent risk factors. N Engl J Med.
1989;321(21):1460-1462.
Piot P,
of HIV
without
Nov 23
Coates AR, Cookson J, Barton GJ, Zvelebil MJ,
Sternberg MJ. AIDS vaccine predictions. Nature.
Apr 9-15 1987;326(6113):549-550.
Coates T, Sweat M, Gregorich S, Grinstead O.
Reducing HIV-1 in Kenya and Tanzania: Authors'
Reply. Lancet. Nov 4 2000;356(9241):16031604.
Page 19 of 109
Bibliography
Coffin J, Haase A, Levy JA, et al. Human
immunodeficiency viruses. Science. May 9
1986;232(4751):697.
Coffin J, Haase A, Levy JA, et al. What to call the
AIDS
virus?
Nature.
May
1-7
1986;321(6065):10.
Cohen J. The Duesberg phenomenon. Science.
Dec 9 1994;266(5191):1642-1644.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Colebunders R, Mann JM, Francis H, et al.
Evaluation of a clinical case-definition of
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Africa.
Lancet. Feb 28 1987;1(8531):492-494.
Colebunders R, Taelman H, Piot P. AIDS: an old
disease from Africa? Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). Sep
22 1984;289(6447):765.
Cohen J. Searching for the Epidemic's Origins.
Science. June 23 2000;288(5474):2164-2165.
Colebunders RI, Greenberg A, Nguyen-Dinh P, et
al. Evaluation of a clinical case definition of AIDS
in African children. Aids. Sep 1987;1(3):151153.
Cohen J. Epidemiology. New estimates scale
back scope of HIV/AIDS epidemic. Science. Nov
30 2007;318(5855):1360-1361.
Colvin M, Abdool Karim SS, Wilkinson D.
Migration
and
AIDS.
Lancet.
Nov
11
1995;346(8985):1303-1304.
Cohen J. HIV/AIDS. India slashes estimate of
HIV-infected
people.
Science.
Jul
13
2007;317(5835):179-181.
Committee on Government Reform SoHRaW,
108th Congress, 1st Session. SV-40 Virus: Has
Tainted Polio Vaccine Caused an Increase in
Cancer,
Hearing,
September
10,
2003
Committee
on
Government
Reform,
Subcommittee on Human Rights and Wellness;
2004.
Cohen J. HIV/AIDS. India slashes estimate of
HIV-infected
people.
Science.
Jul
13
2007;317(5835):179-181.
Cohen M, Anderson J, Swanstrom R. Acute HIV
Infection: Implications for HIV Spread, Disease
Progression, and Vaccine Development: Los
Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New
Mexico; 2005.
Cohen
MS,
Pilcher
CD.
Amplified
HIV
transmission and new approaches to HIV
prevention.
J
Infect
Dis.
May
1
2005;191(9):1391-1393.
Cohen T, Murray M, Wallengren K, Alvarez GG,
Samuel EY, Wilson D. The prevalence and drug
sensitivity of tuberculosis among patients dying
in hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a
postmortem
study.
PLoS
Med.
Jun
2010;7(6):e1000296.
Cohn RJ, MacPhail AP, Hartman E, Schwyzer R,
Sher
R.
Transfusion-related
human
immunodeficiency
virus
in
patients
with
haemophilia in Johannesburg. S Afr Med J. Dec 1
1990;78(11):653-656.
Coker R, Wood PB. Changing patterns of
Kaposi's sarcoma in N.E. Zaire. Trans R Soc Trop
Med Hyg. 1986;80(6):965-966.
Colebunders R, Francis H, Mann JM, et al. Slow
progression of illness occasionally occurs in HIV
infected Africans. Aids. May 1987;1(1):65.
Colebunders R, Mann JM, Francis H, et al.
Herpes zoster in African patients: a clinical
predictor of human immunodeficiency virus
infection. J Infect Dis. Feb 1988;157(2):314318.
Colebunders R, Mann JM, Francis H, et al.
Generalized papular pruritic eruption in African
patients with human immunodeficiency virus
infection. AIDS. Jul 1987;1(2):117-121.
Conlon CP. Clinical aspects of HIV infection in
developing countries. Br Med Bull. Jan
1988;44(1):101-114.
Conlon CP, Pinching AJ, Perera CU, Moody A,
Luo NP, Lucas SB. HIV-related enteropathy in
Zambia:
a
clinical,
microbiological,
and
histological study. Am J Trop Med Hyg. Jan
1990;42(1):83-88.
Constantine NT, van der Groen G, Belsey EM,
Tamashiro H. Sensitivity of HIV-antibody assays
determined by seroconversion panels. AIDS. Dec
1994;8(12):1715-1720.
Contreras M, Barbara JA. Routine tests for HIV
antigen. Lancet. Apr 4 1987;1(8536):807.
Contreras M, Barbara JA. Retroviruses and blood
transfusion. Baillieres Clin Haematol. Jan
1990;3(1):65-77.
Cooper DA, Gold J, Maclean P, et al. Acute AIDS
retrovirus infection. Definition of a clinical illness
associated with seroconversion. Lancet. Mar 9
1985;1(8428):537-540.
Cooper DA, Imrie AA, Penny R. Antibody
response to human immunodeficiency virus after
primary
infection.
J
Infect
Dis.
Jun
1987;155(6):1113-1118.
Corbet S, Muller-Trutwin MC, Versmisse P, et al.
env sequences of simian immunodeficiency
viruses from chimpanzees in Cameroon are
strongly
related
to
those
of
human
immunodeficiency virus group N from the same
geographic area. J Virol. Jan 2000;74(1):529534.
Corbitt G, Bailey AS. AIDS in Manchester, 1959?
Lancet. Apr 22 1995;345(8956):1058.
Page 20 of 109
Bibliography
Corbitt G, Bailey AS, Williams G. HIV infection in
Manchester,
1959.
Lancet.
Jul
7
1990;336(8706):51.
Cordes RJ, Ryan ME. Pitfalls in HIV testing.
Application and limitations of current tests.
Postgrad Med. Nov 1995;98(5):177-180, 185176, 189.
Cornelissen M, Kampinga G, Zorgdrager F,
Goudsmit J. Human immunodeficiency virus type
1 subtypes defined by env show high frequency
of recombinant gag genes. The UNAIDS Network
for HIV Isolation and Characterization. J Virol.
Nov 1996;70(11):8209-8212.
Corredor AG, St-Louis MC, Archambault D.
Molecular and biological aspects of the bovine
immunodeficiency virus. Curr HIV Res. Jan
2010;8(1):2-13.
Cosimi L, Rosenberg E. The Characterization of
HIV-1 Specific CD4+ T Helper Epitopes: Los
Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New
Mexico; 2000.
Courgnaud V, Abela B, Pourrut X, et al.
Identification of a new simian immunodeficiency
virus lineage with a vpu gene present among
different cercopithecus monkeys (C. mona, C.
cephus, and C. nictitans) from Cameroon. J
Virol. Dec 2003;77(23):12523-12534.
Courgnaud V, Pourrut X, Bibollet-Ruche F, et al.
Characterization
of
a
novel
simian
immunodeficiency virus from guereza colobus
monkeys (Colobus guereza) in Cameroon: a new
lineage in the nonhuman primate lentivirus
family. J Virol. Jan 2001;75(2):857-866.
Courouce AM. HIV-2 in blood donors and in
different risk groups in France. Lancet. May 16
1987;1(8542):1151.
Courouce AM. A prospective study of HIV-2
prevalence in France. Aids. Aug 1988;2(4):261265.
Courouce AM, Muller JY, Richard D. Falsepositive Western blot reactions to human
immunodeficiency virus in blood donors. Lancet.
Oct 18 1986;2(8512):921-922.
Coutinho RA. Hepatitis B vaccination. J Virol
Methods. Apr 1985;10(4):327-331.
Coutinho RA, Krone WJ, Smit L, et al.
Introduction of lymphadenopathy associated
virus or human T lymphotropic virus (LAV/HTLVIII) into the male homosexual community in
Amsterdam.
Genitourin
Med.
Feb
1986;62(1):38-43.
Coutinho RA, Lelie N, Albrecht-Van Lent P, et al.
Efficacy of a heat inactivated hepatitis B vaccine
in male homosexuals: outcome of a placebo
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
controlled double blind trial. Br Med J (Clin Res
Ed). Apr 23 1983;286(6374):1305-1308.
Coutinho RA, Lelie PN, Albrecht-van Lent P, et
al. Efficacy trial of heat-inactivated hepatitis B
vaccine (CLB) in male homosexuals in the
Netherlands. Dev Biol Stand. 1983;54:287-292.
Coutinho RA, Wertheim-van Dillen P, Albrechtvan Lent P, et al. Infection with cytomegalovirus
in homosexual men. Br J Vener Dis. Aug
1984;60(4):249-252.
Couturier E, Ancelle-Park RA, de Vincenzi I,
Downs AM, Brunet JB. Kaposi sarcoma as a
sexually transmitted disease. Lancet. May 5
1990;335(8697):1105.
Cox SW, Aperia K, Albert J, Wahren B.
Comparison of the sensitivities of primary
isolates of HIV type 2 and HIV type 1 to antiviral
drugs and drug combinations. AIDS Res Hum
Retroviruses. Dec 1994;10(12):1725-1729.
Cozzi Lepri A, Pezzotti P, Dorrucci M, Phillips AN,
Rezza G. HIV disease progression in 854 women
and men infected through injecting drug use and
heterosexual sex and followed for up to nine
years
from
seroconversion.
Italian
Seroconversion
Study.
BMJ.
Dec
10
1994;309(6968):1537-1542.
Craigo JK, Montelaro RC. EIAV envelope
diversity:
shaping
viral
persistence
and
encumbering vaccine efficacy. Curr HIV Res. Jan
2010;8(1):81-86.
Cribb J. The origin of acquired immune
deficiency syndrome: Can science afford to
ignore it? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Jun
29 2001;356(1410):935-938.
Crosnier J. Hepatitis B in haemodialysis:
vaccination against HBS antigen. Proc Eur Dial
Transplant Assoc. 1981;18:231-240.
Crosnier J, Jungers P, Courouce AM, et al.
Randomised placebo-controlled trial of hepatitis
B
surface
antigen
vaccine
in
french
haemodialysis units: II, Haemodialysis patients.
Lancet. Apr 11 1981;1(8224):797-800.
Crosnier J, Jungers P, Courouce AM, et al.
Randomised placebo-controlled trial of hepatitis
B
surface
antigen
vaccine
in
French
haemodialysis units: I, Medical staff. Lancet. Feb
28 1981;1(8218):455-459.
Cunningham-Rundles C, Bodian C. Common
variable
immunodeficiency:
clinical
and
immunological features of 248 patients. Clin
Immunol. Jul 1999;92(1):34-48.
Curran JW. AIDS--two years later. N Engl J Med.
Sep 8 1983;309(10):609-611.
Page 21 of 109
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Bibliography
Curran JW. The epidemiology and prevention of
the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann
Intern Med. Nov 1985;103(5):657-662.
Curran JW, Evatt BL, Lawrence DN. Acquired
immune deficiency syndrome: the past as
prologue. Ann Intern Med. Mar 1983;98(3):401403.
Curran JW, Jaffe HW, Hardy AM, Morgan WM,
Selik RM, Dondero TJ. Epidemiology of HIV
infection and AIDS in the United States. Science.
Feb 5 1988;239(4840):610-616.
Curran JW, Lawrence DN, Jaffe H, et al. Acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated
with transfusions. N Engl J Med. Jan 12
1984;310(2):69-75.
Curran JW, Morgan WM, Hardy AM, Jaffe HW,
Darrow WW, Dowdle WR. The epidemiology of
AIDS: current status and future prospects.
Science. Sep 27 1985;229(4720):1352-1357.
Curran JW, Morgan WM, Starcher ET, Hardy AM,
Jaffe HW. Epidemiological trends of AIDS in the
United States. Cancer Res. Sep 1985;45(9
Suppl):4602s-4604s.
Curran JW, Morgan WM, Starcher ET, Hardy AM,
Jaffe HW. Epidemiological trends of AIDS in the
United States. Cancer Res. Sep 1985;45(9
Suppl):4602s-4604s.
Curtis T. Possible origins of AIDS. Science. May
29 1992;256(5061):1260-1261.
Curtis T. AIDS theories.
1993;259(5091):14.
Science.
Jan
1
Cushion MT, Stringer JR. Has the name really
been changed? It has for most researchers. Clin
Infect Dis. Dec 15 2005;41(12):1756-1758.
classification. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Jun
2004;20(6):666-672.
Dan M, Rock M, Bar-Shani S, Tirelli U. HIV
antibodies in drug-addicted prostitutes. JAMA.
Feb 27 1987;257(8):1047.
Daniel H. We are all people living with AIDS:
myths and realities of AIDS in Brazil. Int J
Health Serv. 1991;21(3):539-551.
Daniel MD, King NW, Letvin NL, Hunt RD, Sehgal
PK, Desrosiers RC. A new type D retrovirus
isolated
from
macaques
with
an
immunodeficiency syndrome. Science. Feb 10
1984;223(4636):602-605.
Daniel MD, Letvin NL, King NW, et al. Isolation
of T-cell tropic HTLV-III-like retrovirus from
macaques.
Science.
Jun
7
1985;228(4704):1201-1204.
Danila
RN.
Recommendations
for
chemoprophylaxis after occupational exposure
to human immunodeficiency virus: a public
health agency perspective. Am J Med. May 19
1997;102(5B):98-101.
D'Aquila R, Williams AB, Kleber HD, Williams AE.
Prevalence of HTLV-III infection among New
Haven, Connecticut, parenteral drug abusers in
1982-1983.
N
Engl
J
Med.
Jan
9
1986;314(2):117-118.
Darrow WW, Peterman TA, Jaffe HW, Rogers MF,
Curran JW, Beral V. Kaposi's sarcoma and
exposure
to
faeces.
Lancet.
Mar
14
1992;339(8794):685.
Davenport
A,
Grant
PJ.
False-positive
autoantibodies in HIV infection. Lancet. Aug 4
1990;336(8710):317-318.
Cuthbertson B, Rennie JG, Aw D, Reid KG.
Safety of albumin preparations manufactured
from plasma not tested for HIV antibody.
Lancet. Jul 4 1987;2(8549):41.
Davis JL, Molineaux S, Clements JE. Visna virus
exhibits a complex transcriptional pattern: one
aspect of gene expression shared with the
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome retrovirus.
J Virol. May 1987;61(5):1325-1331.
Dahlberg JE. An overview of retrovirus
replication and classification. Adv Vet Sci Comp
Med. 1988;32:1-35.
Davison AG, du Bois RM. Persistent generalised
lymphadenopathy in a female in the United
Kingdom. Lancet. May 25 1985;1(8439):1223.
Daley S. AIDS Is Everywhere, but Africa Looks
Away. New York Times, December 04, 1998.
Day
S.
Prostitute
women
and
AIDS:
anthropology. AIDS. Dec 1988;2(6):421-428.
Daley S. In Zambia, the Abandoned Generation.
New York Times, September 18, 1998;World
Day
S.
Prostitute
women
and
AIDS:
anthropology. AIDS. Dec 1988;2(6):421-428.
Damond F, Descamps D, Farfara I, et al.
Quantification of proviral load of human
immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtypes A and B
using real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol. Dec
2001;39(12):4264-4268.
Day S, Ward H, Perrotta L. Prostitution and risk
of HIV: male partners of female prostitutes.
BMJ. Aug 7 1993;307(6900):359-361.
Damond F, Worobey M, Campa P, et al.
Identification of a highly divergent HIV type 2
and proposal for a change in HIV type 2
de Arazoza H, Joanes J, Lounes R, et al. The
HIV/AIDS epidemic in Cuba: description and
tentative explanation of its low HIV prevalence.
BMC Infect Dis. 2007;7:130.
Page 22 of 109
Bibliography
de Blic J, McKelvie P, Le Bourgeois M, Blanche S,
Benoist
MR,
Scheinmann
P.
Value
of
bronchoalveolar lavage in the management of
severe
acute
pneumonia
and
interstitial
pneumonitis in the immunocompromised child.
Thorax. Oct 1987;42(10):759-765.
De Cock KM. AIDS: an old disease from Africa?
Br
Med
J
(Clin
Res
Ed).
Aug
4
1984;289(6440):306-308.
De Cock KM. AIDS: an old disease from Africa?
Br
Med
J
(Clin
Res
Ed).
Nov
24
1984;289(6456):1454-1455.
De Cock KM. Epidemiology and the emergence
of human immunodeficiency virus and acquired
immune deficiency syndrome. Philos Trans R Soc
Lond B Biol Sci. Jun 29 2001;356(1410):795798.
De Cock KM, Brun-Vezinet F. Epidemiology of
HIV-2 infection. AIDS. 1989;3 Suppl 1:S89-95.
De Cock KM, Colebunders R, Francis H, et al.
Evaluation of the WHO clinical case definition for
AIDS in rural Zaire. AIDS. Jun 1988;2(3):219221.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
de Harven E. Human Endogenous Retroviruses
and AIDS Research: Confusion, Consensus, or
Science? Journal of American Physicians and
Surgeons. Fall 2010 2010;15(3):69-74.
de la Concha-Bermejillo A, Juste RA, Kretschmer
R, Aguilar Setien A. Ovine lentivirus infection: an
animal model for pediatric HIV infection? Arch
Med Res. Winter 1995;26(4):345-354.
de Lalla F, Rizzardini G, Rinaldi E, Santoro D,
Zeli PL, Verga G. HIV, HBV, delta-agent and
Treponema pallidum infections in two rural
African areas. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. JanFeb 1990;84(1):144-147.
de Lalla F, Rizzardini G, Santoro D, Galli M.
Rapid spread of HIV infection in a rural district in
central Africa. Aids. Aug 1988;2(4):317.
De Lay P. Writing on the wall for UNAIDS:
UNAIDS
replies.
BMJ.
May
31
2008;336(7655):1206.
de Lay P, Greener R, Izazola JA. Are we
spending too much on HIV? BMJ. Feb 17
2007;334(7589):345.
De Cock KM, Gnaore E, Adjorlolo G, et al. Risk of
tuberculosis in patients with HIV-I and HIV-II
infections in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. BMJ. Mar 2
1991;302(6775):496-499.
De Leys R, Vanderborght B, Vanden Haesevelde
M, et al. Isolation and partial characterization of
an unusual human immunodeficiency retrovirus
from two persons of west-central African origin.
J Virol. Mar 1990;64(3):1207-1216.
De Cock KM, Odehouri K, Colebunders RL, et al.
A comparison of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in
hospitalized patients in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.
AIDS. May 1990;4(5):443-448.
de Long R. A possible cause of acquired immune
deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other new
diseases. Med Hypotheses. Apr 1984;13(4):395397.
De Cock KM, Porter A, Odehouri K, et al. Rapid
emergence of AIDS in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
Lancet. Aug 19 1989;2(8660):408-411.
de Martino M, Tovo PA, Tozzi AE, et al. HIV-1
transmission through breast-milk: appraisal of
risk according to duration of feeding. AIDS. Sep
1992;6(9):991-997.
De Cock KM, Selik RM, Soro B, Gayle H,
Colebunders RL. For debate. AIDS surveillance
in Africa: a reappraisal of case definitions. BMJ.
Nov 9 1991;303(6811):1185-1188.
De Cock KM, Soro B, Coulibaly IM, Lucas SB.
Tuberculosis and HIV infection in sub-Saharan
Africa. JAMA. Sep 23-30 1992;268(12):15811587.
De Cock KM, Zadi F, Adjorlolo G, et al.
Retrospective study of maternal HIV-1 and HIV2 infections and child survival in Abidjan, Cote
d'Ivoire. BMJ. Feb 12 1994;308(6926):441-443.
de Graeff PA, Dankert J, de Zeeuw D, Gips CH,
van der Hem GK. Immune response to two
different hepatitis B vaccines in haemodialysis
patients:
a
2-year
follow-up.
Nephron.
1985;40(2):155-160.
De Gruttola V, Mayer KH. Assessing and
modeling heterosexual spread of the human
immunodeficiency virus in the United States.
Rev Infect Dis. Jan-Feb 1988;10(1):138-150.
de Medina M, Fletcher MA, Valledor MD, Ashman
M, Gordon AM, Schiff ER. Serological evidence
for HIV infection in Cuban immigrants in 1980.
Lancet. Jul 18 1987;2(8551):166.
de Mendoza C. Is HIV Eradication Feasible? AIDS
Rev. January-March 2009;11(1):52-53.
de Parseval A, Chatterji U, Sun P, Elder JH.
Feline immunodeficiency virus targets activated
CD4+ T cells by using CD134 as a binding
receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Aug 31
2004;101(35):13044-13049.
de Sousa J. Pandemic HIV-1: Its Old Origin and
Overlooked Mysteries. AIDS Rev. January-March
2009;11(1):52.
De Vincenzi I. Heterosexual transmission of HIV.
JAMA. Apr 8 1992;267(14):1919.
de Vincenzi I. A longitudinal study of human
immunodeficiency
virus
transmission
by
heterosexual partners. European Study Group
Page 23 of 109
Bibliography
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV. N Engl J
Med. Aug 11 1994;331(6):341-346.
viral hepatitis in Europe. J Med Virol. Nov
1985;17(3):209-217.
De
Wit
S,
Clumeck
N.
[Heterosexual
transmission of AIDS]. Rev Med Brux. Oct
1989;10(8):336-339.
Del Amo J, Petruckevitch A, Phillips AN, et al.
Spectrum of disease in Africans with AIDS in
London. AIDS. Nov 1996;10(13):1563-1569.
Dechazal L, Goussard B, Salaun JJ, Bernard J,
Zagury D. [Randomization of a population for a
clinical trial of immunization against the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)]. Med Trop
(Mars). Oct-Dec 1988;48(4):413-416.
Delaporte E, Dupont A, Merlin M, et al.
Seroepidemiological survey of HIV-1 and HIV-2
antibodies in Gabon. Aids. Apr 1988;2(2):136137.
Decosas J. Reducing HIV-1 in Kenya and
Tanzania. Lancet. Nov 4 2000;356(9241):1603.
Decosas J, Kane F, Anarfi JK, Sodji KD, Wagner
HU. Migration and AIDS. Lancet. Sep 23
1995;346(8978):826-828.
DeHart DJ. HIV testing in women with vaginal
candidiasis. Am J Med. Apr 1991;90(4):536.
DeHovitz JA, Pape JW, Boncy M, Johnson WD,
Jr. Clinical manifestations and therapy of
Isospora belli infection in patients with the
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J
Med. Jul 10 1986;315(2):87-90.
Deinhardt F. Serum markers of hepatitis viruses
in natural disease and after vaccination. Prog
Liver Dis. 1982;7:451-467.
Deinhardt F. Control of hepatitis A and B with
vaccines. Ann Clin Res. Dec 1982;14(5-6):236244.
Deinhardt F. Vaccination against viral hepatitis.
Infection. 1982;10(2):55-57.
Deinhardt F. Aspects of vaccination against
hepatitis
B;
passive-active
immunization
schedules and vaccination responses in different
age groups. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl.
1983;38:17-23.
Deinhardt F. Immunprophylaxe der Hepatitis B,
1984.
Bundesgesundhbl.
August
1984;27(8):250-251.
Deinhardt F, Abb J, Maass G. [Hepatitis B
immunization
and
AIDS].
Dtsch
Med
Wochenschr. Sep 9 1983;108(36):1375-1376.
Deinhardt F, Gust ID. Viral hepatitis. Bull World
Health Organ. 1982;60(5):661-691.
Deinhardt F, Jilg W. [Viral hepatitis and
immunoprophylaxis].
Zentralbl
Bakteriol
Mikrobiol Hyg [B]. Feb 1985;180(2-3):134-145.
Deinhardt F, Zachoval R, Jilg W, Lorbeer B,
Roggendorf M. Immune responses to active and
passive-active vaccination against hepatitis B. J
Infect. Jul 1983;7 Suppl 1:21-25.
Deinhardt F, Zuckerman AJ. Immunization
against hepatitis B: report on a WHO meeting on
Delcourt JN, Besson-Leaud M, Prat JJ, Lavaud J,
Nezelof C. [Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in
chronically immunosuppressed patients. Apropos
of
33
cases].
Arch
Fr
Pediatr.
Nov
1979;36(9):873-884.
Deng G, Su Y, Mu J, et al. Molecular basis of the
internalization of bovine immunodeficiency virus
Tat protein. Virus Genes. Feb 2008;36(1):85-94.
Denis F, Barin F, Gershy-Damet G, et al.
Prevalence
of
human
T-lymphotropic
retroviruses type III (HIV) and type IV in Ivory
Coast. Lancet. Feb 21 1987;1(8530):408-411.
Denis F, Leonard G, Mounier M, Sangare A,
Gershy-Damet G, Rey JL. Efficacy of five enzyme
immunoassays for antibody to HIV in detecting
antibody
to
HTLV-IV.
Lancet.
Feb
7
1987;1(8528):324-325.
Denis F, Leonard G, Sangare A, et al.
Comparison of 10 enzyme immunoassays for
detection
of
antibody
to
human
immunodeficiency virus type 2 in West African
sera. J Clin Microbiol. May 1988;26(5):10001004.
Depatureaux A, Leoz M, De Oliveira F, et al.
[Specific diagnosis and follow-up of HIV-1 group
O infection: RES-O data.]. Med Mal Infect. Jun
18 2010:1-8.
Derbyshire SW. WHO criticised for "inflating"
AIDS figures. AIDS Anal Afr. Dec 1995;5(6):4-5.
Derbyshire SW. AIDS is less of a health threat
than other diseases in Africa. BMJ. Sep 2
1995;311(7005):633.
Derrick JB, Buchner BK, Bouchard S, Larke RP,
McSheffrey JB, Vas SI. Response to hepatitis B
vaccine in Canadian dental students. Lancet. Jan
23 1982;1(8265):223.
Deschamps MD. AIDS in the Caribbean. Arch
AIDS Res. 1988;2(1):51-56.
Deschamps MM, Pape JW, Hafner A, Johnson
WD, Jr. Heterosexual transmission of HIV in
Haiti. Ann Intern Med. Aug 15 1996;125(4):324330.
Desmaris F, Lemaire D, Ricard-Blum S,
Chatrenet
B,
Forest
E.
Structural
characterization of the feline-immunodeficiency-
Page 24 of 109
Bibliography
virus envelope glycoprotein 36 ectodomain for
the development of new antivirals. Biochem J.
Jul 15 2005;389(Pt 2):559-567.
Desmyter J, Colaert J, De Groote G, et al.
Efficacy of heat-inactivated hepatitis B vaccine in
haemodialysis patients and staff. Double-blind
placebo-controlled
trial.
Lancet.
Dec
10
1983;2(8363):1323-1328.
Desmyter J, Colaert J, Verstraete M, Vermylen J.
Hepatitis B vaccination of hemophiliacs. Scand J
Infect Dis Suppl. 1983;38:42-45.
Desmyter J, Teuwen DE. The Jezierski papers:
live polio vaccine development in colobus
monkey cells but not chimpanzee cells in the
Belgian Congo, 1952-1958. Philos Trans R Soc
Lond B Biol Sci. Jun 29 2001;356(1410):835837.
Desrosiers RC. Origin of the human AIDS virus.
Nature. Feb 27-Mar 5 1986;319(6056):728.
Desrosiers RC, Daniel MD, Butler CV, et al.
Retrovirus D/New England and its relation to
Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. J Virol. May
1985;54(2):552-560.
Desrosiers RC, Daniel MD, Letvin NL, King NW,
Hunt RD. Origins of HTLV-4. Nature. May 14-20
1987;327(6118):107.
Desvarieux M. Questions about a placebocontrolled trial of preventive therapy for
tuberculosis in HIV-infected Ugandans. N Engl J
Med. Mar 19 1998;338(12):841; author reply
842-843.
de-The G, Gessain A, Gazzolo L, et al.
Comparative seroepidemiology of HTLV-I and
HTLV-III in the French West Indies and some
African countries. Cancer Res. Sep 1985;45(9
Suppl):4633s-4636s.
Devaux I, Alix J, Likatavicius G, et al. Human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome
(AIDS)
case
reporting in the World Health Organization
European Region in 2006. Euro Surveill. Sep 25
2008;13(39).
DeVita VT, Jr., Goodell B, Hubbard S, Geelhoed
GW, Young RC. Pneumocystis pneumonia in
patients with cancer: clinical setting. Natl Cancer
Inst Monogr. Oct 1976;43:41-47.
Dewhurst S, Sakai K, Bresser J, Stevenson M,
Evinger-Hodges MJ, Volsky DJ. Persistent
productive infection of human glial cells by
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and by
infectious molecular clones of HIV. J Virol. Dec
1987;61(12):3774-3782.
DeWys WD, Curran J, Henle W, Johnson G.
Workshop on Kaposi's sarcoma: meeting report.
Cancer Treat Rep. Jun 1982;66(6):1387-1390.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Di Guardo G. Potential human health risks
associated with animal retroviruses: some
hypotheses.
Med
Hypotheses.
Jul
1989;29(3):195-198.
Di Perri G, Cazzadori A, Concia E, Bassetti D.
Transmission of HIV-associated tuberculosis to
health-care
workers.
Lancet.
Dec
5
1992;340(8832):1412.
Di Perri G, Cruciani M, Vento S, et al. Survival
after active tuberculosis in patients with HIV
infection.
Am
Rev
Respir
Dis.
Jul
1990;142(1):258-259.
Diaz T, De Cock K, Brown T, Ghys PD, Boerma
JT. New strategies for HIV surveillance in
resource-constrained settings: an overview.
AIDS. May 2005;19 Suppl 2:S1-8.
Dickson D. AIDS fears spark row over vaccine.
Science. Jul 29 1983;221(4609):437.
Dictor MB, N. Transmissible agent of Kaposi
sarcoma. Lancet. Mar 31 1990;335(8692):797798.
Dienstag J. Safety of the hepatitis B vaccine. [
Letter ] N Engl J Med February 7, 1985
1985;312(6):376.
Dienstag JL. Toward the control of hepatitis B. N
Engl J Med. Oct 9 1980;303(15):874-876.
Dienstag JL, Silverstein MD, Mulley AG. The
cost-effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccine. J
Infect. Jul 1983;7 Suppl 1:81-84.
Dienstag JL, Stevens CE, Bhan AK, Szmuness W.
Hepatitis B vaccine administered to chronic
carriers of hepatitis b surface antigen. Ann
Intern Med. May 1982;96(5):575-579.
Dienstag JL, Werner BG, McLane MF, et al.
Absence of antibodies to HTLV-III in health
workers after hepatitis B vaccination. Jama. Aug
23-30 1985;254(8):1064-1066.
Dienstag JL, Werner BG, Polk BF, et al. Hepatitis
B vaccine in health care personnel: safety,
immunogenicity, and indicators of efficacy. Ann
Intern Med. Jul 1984;101(1):34-40.
Dietrich U, Adamski M, Kreutz R, Seipp A,
Kuhnel H, Rubsamen-Waigmann H. A highly
divergent HIV-2-related isolate. Nature. Dec 2128 1989;342(6252):948-950.
Dighe P, Korber B, Foley B. Global Variation in
the HIV-1 V3 Region Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; 1997.
DiGiovanna JJ, Safai B. Kaposi's sarcoma.
Retrospective study of 90 cases with particular
emphasis on the familial occurrence, ethnic
background and prevalence of other diseases.
Am J Med. Nov 1981;71(5):779-783.
Page 25 of 109
Bibliography
Diglio CA, Ferrer JF. Induction of syncytia by the
bovine C-type leukemia virus. Cancer Res. Mar
1976;36(3):1056-1067.
Dittmer U, Bodemer W, Hunsmann G, Voss G.
Immunization of macaque monkeys with lowand high-dose regimens of SIVmac results in
different immune responses. Immunol Today.
Feb 1994;15(2):90-91.
Dock NL, Lamberson HV, Jr., O'Brien TA, Tribe
DE, Alexander SS, Poiesz BJ. Evaluation of
atypical
human
immunodeficiency
virus
immunoblot
reactivity
in
blood
donors.
Transfusion. Sep-Oct 1988;28(5):412-418.
Dodwell S. We cannot afford an AIDS epidemic.
BMJ. Dec 1 1990;301(6763):1283.
Doll DC. Acute hypersensitivity reaction to
contrast media in two homosexuals with
generalised lymphadenopathy. Lancet. Apr 7
1984;1(8380):798-799.
Dolmans WM, van Loon AM, van den Akker R, et
al. Prevalence of HIV-1 antibody among groups
of patients and healthy subjects from a rural and
urban population in the Mwanza region,
Tanzania. AIDS. May 1989;3(5):297-299.
Dondero TJ, Curran JW. Excess deaths in Africa
from HIV: confirmed and quantified. Lancet. Apr
23 1994;343(8904):989-990.
Dondero TJ, Gill ON. Large-scale HIV serologic
surveys: what has been learned? AIDS. 1991;5
Suppl 2:S63-69.
Donegan E, Stuart M, Niland JC, et al. Infection
with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
(HIV-1) among recipients of antibody-positive
blood donations. Ann Intern Med. Nov 15
1990;113(10):733-739.
Donovan B, Bassett I, Bodsworth NJ. Male
circumcision and common sexually transmissible
diseases in a developed nation setting.
Genitourin Med. Oct 1994;70(5):317-320.
Doran
TI,
Parra
E.
False-positive
and
indeterminate human immunodeficiency virus
test results in pregnant women. Arch Fam Med.
Sep-Oct 2000;9(9):924-929.
Dorrington R, Moultrie TA. A careful look at "A
re-look at recent statistics on mortality in the
context of HIV/AIDS with particular reference to
South Africa". Curr HIV Res. Jun 2008;6(4):279285.
Douglas SD. Immunological and virological clues
for mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 and
HIV-2. JAMA. Aug 10 1994;272(6):487-488.
Douglas SD, Slade HB. Hepatitis C and immune
globulin.
N
Engl
J
Med.
May
4
1995;332(18):1235; author reply 1236-1237.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Dowdle WR. The epidemiology of AIDS. Public
Health Rep. Jul-Aug 1983;98(4):308-312.
Downs AM, Ancelle RA, Jager HJ, Brunet JB.
AIDS in Europe: current trends and short-term
predictions estimated from surveillance data,
January
1981-June
1986.
Aids.
May
1987;1(1):53-57.
Dowsett AB, Roff MA, Greenaway PJ, Elphick ER,
Farrar GH. Syncytia--a major site for the
production of the human immunodeficiency
virus? Aids. Sep 1987;1(3):147-150.
Dowsett GW, Couch M. Male circumcision and
HIV prevention: is there really enough of the
right kind of evidence? Reprod Health Matters.
May 2007;15(29):33-44.
Dritz SK. Medical aspects of homosexuality. N
Engl J Med. Feb 21 1980;302(8):463-464.
Dritz SK, Ainsworth TE, Back A, et al. Patterns of
sexually transmitted enteric diseases in a city.
Lancet. Jul 2 1977;2(8027):3-4.
Drobniewski F. AIDS and hepatitis B in the
former
Soviet
Union.
Bmj.
Jan
11
1992;304(6819):71.
du Bois RM, Branthwaite MA, Mikhail JR, Batten
JC.
Primary
Pneumocystis
carinii
and
cytomegalovirus infections. Lancet. Dec 12
1981;2(8259):1339.
Dube DK, Dube S, Erensoy S, et al. Serological
and nucleic acid analyses for HIV and HTLV
infection on archival human plasma samples
from Zaire. Virology. Jul 1994;202(1):379-389.
Dubois RE. Delayed male-to-female transmission
of human immunodeficiency virus, with a falsepositive, rapid heterophil test. J Infect Dis. Jan
1988;157(1):208.
Duesberg P. AIDS: the alternative view. Lancet.
Jun 20 1992;339(8808):1547.
Duesberg
PH.
AIDS
epidemiology:
inconsistencies with human immunodeficiency
virus and with infectious disease. Proc Natl Acad
Sci U S A. Feb 15 1991;88(4):1575-1579.
Duesberg PH, Nicholson JM, Rasnick D, Fiala C,
Bauer HH. WITHDRAWN: HIV-AIDS hypothesis
out of touch with South African AIDS - A new
perspective. Med Hypotheses. Jul 19 2009.
Dufoort G, Courouce AM, Ancelle-Park R, Bletry
O. No clinical signs 14 years after HIV-2
transmission via blood transfusion. Lancet. Aug
27 1988;2(8609):510.
DuPont HL, Marshall GD. HIV-associated
diarrhoea
and
wasting.
Lancet.
Aug
5
1995;346(8971):352-356.
Page 26 of 109
Bibliography
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Durack DT. Opportunistic infections and Kaposi's
sarcoma in homosexual men. N Engl J Med. Dec
10 1981;305(24):1465-1467.
Egberink
H,
Horzinek
MC.
Animal
immunodeficiency viruses. Vet Microbiol. Nov
1992;33(1-4):311-331.
Dutt AK, Monroe CB, Dutta HM, Prince B.
Geographical Patterns of AIDS in the United
States.
Geographical
Review.
October
1987;77(4):456-471.
Eholie S, Anglaret X. Commentary: decline of
HIV-2 prevalence in West Africa: good news or
bad
news?
Int
J
Epidemiol.
Oct
2006;35(5):1329-1330.
Dutz W, Post C, Vessal K, Kohout E. Endemic
infantile pneumocystis carinii infection: the
Shiraz study. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. Oct
1976;43:31-40.
Eholie S, Anglaret X. Commentary: decline of
HIV-2 prevalence in West Africa: good news or
bad
news?
Int
J
Epidemiol.
Oct
2006;35(5):1329-1330.
Dwyer SW. President Mbeki might have a case
on
rethinking
AIDS.
BMJ.
Jan
26
2002;324(7331):237.
Eichberg
JW,
Alter
HJ,
Dreesman
GR.
Longitudinal
study
of
HTLV-III-infected
chimpanzees by lymphocyte subpopulation
analysis. J Med Primatol. 1985;14(6):317-326.
Dybul M, Fauci AS, Bartlett JG, Kaplan JE, Pau
AK. Guidelines for using antiretroviral agents
among HIV-infected adults and adolescents. Ann
Intern Med. Sep 3 2002;137(5 Pt 2):381-433.
Eales LJ, Nye KE, Parkin JM, et al. Association of
different allelic forms of group specific
component with susceptibility to and clinical
manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus
infection. Lancet. May 2 1987;1(8540):9991002.
Eales LJ, Nye KE, Pinching AJ. Group-specific
component and AIDS: erroneous data. Lancet.
Apr 23 1988;1(8591):936.
Ebbesen P, Biggar RJ, Melbye M. AIDS in
Europe. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). Nov 5
1983;287(6402):1324-1326.
Ebersberger I, Metzler D, Schwarz C, Paabo S.
Genomewide comparison of DNA sequences
between humans and chimpanzees. Am J Hum
Genet. Jun 2002;70(6):1490-1497.
Eckholm E. AIDS in Africa: A Killer Rages On.
New York Times, September 16, 1990.
Eckholm E. AIDS-like ailment given to monkeys.
New York Times, September 27, 1985.
Edman JC, Kovacs JA, Masur H, Santi DV,
Elwood HJ, Sogin ML. Ribosomal RNA sequence
shows Pneumocystis carinii to be a member of
the fungi. Nature. Aug 11 1988;334(6182):519522.
Edwards D, Harper PG, Pain AK, Welch J,
Barbatis C, Mallinson C. Kaposi's sarcoma
associated with AIDS in a woman from Uganda.
Lancet. Mar 17 1984;1(8377):631-632.
Efrati O, Gonik U, Bielorai B, et al. Fiberoptic
bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage for
the evaluation of pulmonary disease in children
with primary immunodeficiency and cancer.
Pediatr Blood Cancer. Mar 2007;48(3):324-329.
Eigen M, Nieselt-Struwe K. How old is the
immunodeficiency virus? AIDS. 1990;4 Suppl
1:S85-93.
Elder JH, Phillips TR. Feline immunodeficiency
virus as a model for development of molecular
approaches to intervention strategies against
lentivirus
infections.
Adv
Virus
Res.
1995;45:225-247.
Elford J, Tindall B, Sharkey T. Kaposi's sarcoma
and insertive rimming. Lancet. Apr 11
1992;339(8798):938.
Elliott AM, Luo N, Tembo G, et al. Impact of HIV
on tuberculosis in Zambia: a cross sectional
study. BMJ. Sep 1 1990;301(6749):412-415.
Elm J, Desowitz R, Diwan A. Serological crossreactivities between the retroviruses HIV and
HTLV-1 and the malaria parasite Plasmodium
falciparum. P N G Med J. Mar 1998;41(1):15-22.
Elswood B, Stricker RB. Polio vaccines and the
origin of AIDS: clarification. Med Hypotheses.
Mar 1995;44(3):226.
Elswood BF, Stricker RB. Polio vaccines and the
origin
of
AIDS.
Res
Virol.
Mar-Apr
1993;144(2):175-177.
Embree JE, Njenga S, Datta P, et al. Risk factors
for postnatal mother-child transmission of HIV1. AIDS. Nov 10 2000;14(16):2535-2541.
Emmanuel JC, Smith HJ, Paterson LE. Western
blot testing among Zimbabwean HIV patients.
Vox Sang. 1988;55(4):247-248.
Engelbrecht S, de Jager GJ, van Rensburg EJ.
Evaluation of commercially available assays for
antibodies to HIV-1 in serum obtained from
South African patients infected with HIV-1
subtypes B, C, and D. J Med Virol. Nov
1994;44(3):223-228.
England R. Are we spending too much on HIV?
BMJ. Feb 17 2007;334(7589):344.
Page 27 of 109
Bibliography
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
England R. The writing is on the wall for
UNAIDS. BMJ. May 10 2008;336(7652):1072.
Evans AS. AIDS: the alternative view. Lancet.
Jun 20 1992;339(8808):1547.
England R. Slide Presentation: HIV in Africa:the
end of ‘AIDS exceptionalism’ September 2008.
Evans BA. Heterosexual transmission of HIV
infection. Lancet. May 16 1987;1(8542):1153.
England R. A strategic revolution in HIV and
global
health.
Lancet.
Jul
16
2011;378(9787):226.
Evans LA, Moreau J, Odehouri K, et al.
Characterization of a noncytopathic HIV-2 strain
with unusual effects on CD4 expression.
Science. Jun 10 1988;240(4858):1522-1525.
English M, Punt J, Mwangi I, McHugh K, Marsh
K. Clinical overlap between malaria and severe
pneumonia in Africa children in hospital. Trans R
Soc Trop Med Hyg. Nov-Dec 1996;90(6):658662.
Epstein H, Halperin D. Global sexual behaviour.
Lancet. Feb 17 2007;369(9561):557; author
reply 557.
Erdman DD, Anderson BC, Torok TJ, Finkel TH,
Anderson LJ. Possible transmission of parvovirus
B19 from intravenous immune globulin. J Med
Virol. Nov 1997;53(3):233-236.
Esparza J, Karamov E. WHO consultation on
animal models for HIV infection and AIDS,
Geneva, 28-30 March, 1988. AIDS. Jun
1988;2(3):223-225.
Essex M, Allan J, Kanki P, et al. Antigens of
human
T-lymphotropic
virus
type
III/lymphadenopathy-associated
virus.
Ann
Intern Med. Nov 1985;103(5):700-703.
Essex M, Kanki P. Reply to "Comparison of
simian immunodefiency virus isolates". Nature.
February 18, 1988 1988;331(6157):621-622.
Essex M, Kanki P, Allan J, et al. HTLV and
immunosuppression. Princess Takamatsu Symp.
1984;15:309-318.
Essex M, Kanki PJ. The origins of the AIDS virus.
Sci Am. Oct 1988;259(4):64-71.
Essuon AD, Simmons DS, Stephens TT, Richter
D, Lindley LL, Braithwaite RL. Transient
populations: linking HIV, migrant workers, and
South African male inmates. J Health Care Poor
Underserved. May 2009;20(2 Suppl):40-52.
Esteban JI, Shih JW, Tai CC, Bodner AJ, Kay JW,
Alter HJ. Importance of western blot analysis in
predicting
infectivity
of
anti-HTLV-III/LAV
positive
blood.
Lancet.
Nov
16
1985;2(8464):1083-1086.
Esteva MH, Blasini AM, Ogly D, Rodriguez MA.
False positive results for antibody to HIV in two
men with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann
Rheum Dis. Sep 1992;51(9):1071-1073.
Etkin AF, Bukrinsky MI. Heterogeneity of the
ARV-2 strain and natural isolates of the human
immunodeficiency virus. Arch Virol. 1989;108(34):271-277.
Evans LA, Moreau J, Odehouri K, et al.
Simultaneous isolation of HIV-1 and HIV-2 from
an
AIDS
patient.
Lancet.
Dec
17
1988;2(8625):1389-1391.
Evatt BL, Gomperts ED, McDougal JS, Ramsey
RB. Coincidental appearance of LAV/HTLV-III
antibodies in hemophiliacs and the onset of the
AIDS epidemic. N Engl J Med. Feb 21
1985;312(8):483-486.
Everall I, Gray F, Barnes H, Durigon M, Luthert
P, Lantos P. Neuronal loss in symptom-free HIV
infection. Lancet. Dec 5 1992;340(8832):1413.
Ewert DL, de Boer GF. Avian lymphoid leukosis:
mechanisms of lymphomagenesis. Adv Vet Sci
Comp Med. 1988;32:37-55.
Eyster ME, Goedert JJ, Sarngadharan MG, Weiss
SH, Gallo RC, Blattner WA. Development and
early natural history of HTLV-III antibodies in
persons with hemophilia. Jama. Apr 19
1985;253(15):2219-2223.
Facer CA, Bentley A, Withers M, Kataaha PK.
Malaria and ELISA HTLV-III antibody reactivity.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1986;80(2):351352.
Farmer P. AIDS and accusation: Haiti and the
geography of blame. Berkeley and Los Angeles,
California: University of California Press; 1992.
Farthing C, Gazzard B. Acute illnesses
associated with HTLV-III seroconversion. Lancet.
Apr 20 1985;1(8434):935-936.
Fassbinder W, Kuhnl P, Neumayer HH,
Offermann G, Seidl S, Schoeppe W. [Prevalence
of antibodies against LAV/HTLV-III in patients
with terminal renal insufficiency treated with
hemodialysis
and
following
renal
transplantation]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. Jul 11
1986;111(28-29):1087-1090.
Fauci AS. The syndrome of Kaposi's sarcoma
and
opportunistic
infections:
an
epidemiologically
restricted
disorder
of
immunoregulation.
Ann
Intern
Med.
Jun
1982;96(6 Pt 1):777-779.
Fauci AS, Macher AM, Longo DL, et al. NIH
conference.
Acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome: epidemiologic, clinical, immunologic,
and therapeutic considerations. Ann Intern Med.
Jan 1984;100(1):92-106.
Page 28 of 109
Bibliography
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Faust EC, Giraldo LE, Caicedo G, Bonfante R.
Human isosporosis in the Western Hemisphere.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. May 1961;10:343-349.
of natural antibodies to Mason-Pfizer monkey
virus in rhesus monkeys. Virology. May 15
1978;86(2):567-571.
Fawcett PT, Gibney KM, Doughty RA. Glove
powder and HIV ELISA tests. Lancet. May 13
1989;1(8646):1082-1083.
Fine DL, Landon JC, Pienta RJ, et al. Responses
of infant rhesus monkeys to inoculation with
Mason-Pfizer monkey virus materials. J Natl
Cancer Inst. Mar 1975;54(3):651-658.
Fayer R, Ungar BL. Cryptosporidium spp. and
cryptosporidiosis.
Microbiol
Rev.
Dec
1986;50(4):458-483.
FDA. Complete List of Donor Screening Assays
for Infectious Agents and HIV Diagnostic Assays.
http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Bloo
dBloodProducts/ApprovedProducts/LicensedProd
uctsBLAs/BloodDonorScreening/InfectiousDiseas
e/UCM080466. Accessed October 5, 2010.
Fearon M. The laboratory diagnosis of HIV
infections. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. Jan
2005;16(1):26-30.
Fenouillet E, Blanes N, Gluckman JC. Gp160 of
commercial HIV western blots is not gp160env.
Should criteria for seropositivity be revised?
AIDS. Jun 1991;5(6):770.
Fenyo E, Schuitemaker H, Asjo B, McKeating J.
The History of HIV-1 Biological Phenotypes Past,
Present, and Future: Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM; 1997.
Feorino PM, Kalyanaraman VS, Haverkos HW, et
al. Lymphadenopathy associated virus infection
of a blood donor--recipient pair with acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome. Science. Jul 6
1984;225(4657):69-72.
Feremans WW, Menu R, Goldman M, et al.
Ultrastructural demonstration of retrovirus
antigens
with
immuno-gold
staining
in
prodromal
acquired
immune
deficiency
syndrome. J Clin Pathol. Dec 1984;37(12):13991403.
Fiander A. We cannot afford an AIDS epidemic.
BMJ. Jan 26 1991;302(6770):238.
Fichtner RR, Aral SO, Blount JH, Zaidi AA,
Reynolds GH, Darrow WW. Syphilis in the United
States: 1967-1979. Sex Transm Dis. Apr-Jun
1983;10(2):77-80.
Fincher RM, de Silva M, Lobel S, Spencer M.
AIDS-related complex in a heterosexual man
seven weeks after a transfusion. N Engl J Med.
Nov 7 1985;313(19):1226-1227.
Fine D, Schochetman G. Type D primate
retroviruses: a review. Cancer Res. Oct
1978;38(10):3123-3139.
Fine DL. Mason-Pfizer monkey virus and simian
AIDS. Lancet. Feb 11 1984;1(8372):335.
Fine DL, Devare SG, Arthur LO, Charman HP,
Stephenson JR. Type D retroviruses: occurrence
Finlay F, Jones R. Diagnosis of meningococcal
septicaemia.
Lancet.
Jan
13
2001;357(9250):145.
Fipps DR, Damato JJ, Brandt B, Burke DS.
Effects of multiple freeze thaws and various
temperatures on the reactivity of human
immunodeficiency virus antibody using three
detection assays. J Virol Methods. Jun
1988;20(2):127-132.
Fipps DR, Damato JJ, Burke DS. Effects of heat
inactivation on HIV antibody screening and
confirmatory test systems. Diagn Microbiol
Infect Dis. Jun 1988;10(2):103-107.
Fischer GD, Rinaldo CR, Jr., Gbadero D, et al.
Seroprevalence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection
among children diagnosed with protein-calorie
malnutrition in Nigeria. Epidemiol Infect. Apr
1993;110(2):373-378.
Fischl
MA,
Dickinson
GM.
An
acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome among Haitians: an
update. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1984;437:325-333.
Fisk
DT,
Meshnick
S,
Kazanjian
PH.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients in
the developing world who have acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. Jan
1 2003;36(1):70-78.
Fleming AF. AIDS in Africa--an update. AIDS
Forsch. Mar 1988;3(3):116-138.
Fleming AF. Seroepidemiology of
immunodeficiency viruses in Africa.
Pharmacother. 1988;42(5):309-320.
human
Biomed
Fleming AF. AIDS in Africa. Baillieres
Haematol. Jan 1990;3(1):177-205.
Clin
Fleming AF. Opportunistic infections in AIDS in
developed and developing countries. Trans R
Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1990;84 Suppl 1:1-6.
Fleming AF. HIV and blood transfusion in subSaharan
Africa.
Transfus
Sci.
Jun
1997;18(2):167-179.
Fleming AF, Kazi AR, Schneider J, et al.
Comparison of H9/HTLV-III and ENV-80 ELISAs
as screening in tropical Africa: prevalence of
anti-LAV/HTLV-III in some Zambian patients.
AIDS-Forschung. 1986;8:434-440.
Fleming DW, Cochi SL, Steece RS, Hull HF.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in low-
Page 29 of 109
Bibliography
incidence areas. How safe is unsafe sex? JAMA.
Aug 14 1987;258(6):785-787.
Fleury HJ, Babin M, Bonnici JF, Bailly C,
Chancerel B, Le Bras M. Virus related to but not
identical with LAV/HTLV-III in Cameroon.
Lancet. Apr 12 1986;1(8485):854.
Flood JF, Smith GE, Morley JE. Modulation of
memory
processing
by
cholecystokinin:
dependence on the vagus nerve. Science. May
15 1987;236(4803):832-834.
Flora K, Schiele M, Benner K, et al. An outbreak
of acute hepatitis C among recipients of
intravenous
immunoglobulin.
Ann
Allergy
Asthma Immunol. Feb 1996;76(2):160-162.
Floyd K, Reid RA, Wilkinson D, Gilks CF.
Admission trends in a rural South African
hospital during the early years of the HIV
epidemic. JAMA. Sep 15 1999;282(11):10871091.
Foglia G, Royster GDt, Wasunna KM, et al. Use
of rapid and conventional testing technologies
for human immunodeficiency virus type 1
serologic screening in a rural Kenyan reference
laboratory.
J
Clin
Microbiol.
Aug
2004;42(8):3850-3852.
Foil LD, Issel CJ. Transmission of retroviruses by
arthropods. Annu Rev Entomol. 1991;36:355381.
Foley B. An overview of the molecular phylogeny
of lentiviruses: Los Alamos National Laboratory,
Los Alamos, New Mexico; 2000.
Folks TM. Chimpanzees as original source for
HIV. JAMA. Jan 19 2000;283(3):310.
Follansbee SE, Busch DF, Wofsy CB, et al. An
outbreak of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in
homosexual men. Ann Intern Med. Jun
1982;96(6 Pt 1):705-713.
Fomsgaard A, Johnson PR, London WT, Hirsch
VM.
Genetic
variation
of
the
SIVagm
transmembrane glycoprotein in naturally and
experimentally infected primates. AIDS. Aug
1993;7(8):1041-1047.
Fomsgaard A, Johnson PR, Nielsen C, et al.
Receptor function of CD4 structures from African
green monkey and pig-tail macaque for simian
immunodeficiency virus, SIVsm, SIVagm, and
human immunodeficiency virus type-1. Viral
Immunol. 1995;8(3):121-133.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Foucault C, Lopez O, Jourdan G, Fournel JJ,
Perret P, Gluckman JC. Double HIV-1 and HIV-2
seropositivity among blood donors. Lancet. Jul
18 1987;2(8551):165-166.
Fox CH. Possible origins of AIDS. Science. May
29 1992;256(5061):1259-1261.
Fox PC, Baum BJ. Isolation of HTLV-III virus
from saliva in AIDS. N Engl J Med. May 22
1986;314(21):1387.
Fox R, Eldred LJ, Fuchs EJ, et al. Clinical
manifestations of acute infection with human
immunodeficiency virus in a cohort of gay men.
AIDS. May 1987;1(1):35-38.
Foxall RB, Cortesao CS, Albuquerque AS, Soares
RS, Victorino RM, Sousa AE. Gag-specific CD4+
T-cell frequency is inversely correlated with
proviral load and directly correlated with
immune activation in infection with human
immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) but not
HIV-1. J Virol. Oct 2008;82(19):9795-9799.
France AJ. Changing case-definition for AIDS.
Lancet. Dec 5 1992;340(8832):1414.
Franchini G, Bosch ML. Genetic relatedness of
the human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and
2
(HIV-1,
HIV-2)
and
the
simian
immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Ann N Y Acad Sci.
1989;554:81-87.
Franchini G, Collalti E, Arya SK, et al. Genetic
analysis of a new subgroup of human and simian
T-lymphotropic retroviruses: HTLV-IV, LAV-2,
SBL-6669, and STLV-IIIAGM. AIDS Res Hum
Retroviruses. Spring 1987;3(1):11-17.
Franchini G, Fargnoli KA, Giombini F, et al.
Molecular and biological characterization of a
replication competent human immunodeficiency
type 2 (HIV-2) proviral clone. Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A. Apr 1989;86(7):2433-2437.
Franchini G, Gurgo C, Guo HG, et al. Sequence
of simian immunodeficiency virus and its
relationship to the human immunodeficiency
viruses. Nature. Aug 6-12 1987;328(6130):539543.
Franchini G, Robert-Guroff M, Aldovini A, Kan
NC, Wong-Staal F. Spectrum of natural
antibodies against five HTLV-III antigens in
infected individuals: correlation of antibody
prevalence with clinical status. Blood. Feb
1987;69(2):437-441.
Forthal D. HTLV-III antibody in East Africa. N
Engl J Med. Jul 24 1986;315(4):259-260.
Francis DP, Feorino PM, Broderson JR, et al.
Infection
of
chimpanzees
with
lymphadenopathy-associated virus. Lancet. Dec
1 1984;2(8414):1276-1277.
Foster I, Bartlett JG. Rape and subsequent
seroconversion
to
HIV.
BMJ.
Nov
18
1989;299(6710):1282.
Francis DP, Feorino PM, McDougal S, et al. The
safety of the hepatitis B vaccine. Inactivation of
the
AIDS
virus
during
routine
vaccine
Page 30 of 109
Bibliography
manufacture. JAMA. Aug 15 1986;256(7):869872.
Francis DP, Hadler SC, Thompson SE, Maynard
JE, Group CC. Preliminary Report of the CDC
Multi-Center Hepatitis B Vaccine Efficacy Trial.
In: Szmuness W, Alter HJ, Maynard JE, eds.
Viral Hepatitis: 1981 International Symposium.
Philadelphia: Franklin Institute Press; 1982:487491.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Friedman-Kien AE, Laubenstein LJ, Rubinstein P,
et al. Disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma in
homosexual men. Ann Intern Med. Jun
1982;96(6 Pt 1):693-700.
Friedman-Kien AE, Saltzman BR. Clinical
manifestations of classical, endemic African, and
epidemic AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. J
Am Acad Dermatol. Jun 1990;22(6 Pt 2):12371250.
Francis DP, Hadler SC, Thompson SE, et al.
Prevention of hepatitis B by vaccine in
homosexual men. J Infect. Jul 1983;7 Suppl
1:15-19.
Froland SS, Jenum P, Lindboe CF, Wefring KW,
Linnestad PJ, Bohmer T. HIV-1 infection in
Norwegian family before 1970. Lancet. Jun 11
1988;1(8598):1344-1345.
Francis DP, Hadler SC, Thompson SE, et al. The
prevention of hepatitis B with vaccine. Report of
the centers for disease control multi-center
efficacy trial among homosexual men. Ann
Intern Med. Sep 1982;97(3):362-366.
Froland SS, Oppedal B, Digranes S, et al.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Clinical,
immunological,
pathological,
and
microbiological studies of the first case
diagnosed in Norway. Scand J Gastroenterol
Suppl. 1985;107:82-93.
Francis DP, Jaffe HW, Fultz PN, Getchell JP,
McDougal JS, Feorino PM. The natural history of
infection with the lymphadenopathy-associated
virus/human T-lymphotropic virus type III. Ann
Intern Med. Nov 1985;103(5):719-722.
Francis HL, Mann J, Colebunders RL, et al.
Serodiagnosis of the acquired immune deficiency
syndrome by enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay compared to cellular immunologic
parameters in African AIDS patients and
controls.
Am
J
Trop
Med
Hyg.
May
1988;38(3):641-646.
Frank E, Weiss SH, Compas JC, et al. AIDS in
Haitian-Americans: a reassessment. Cancer Res.
Sep 1985;45(9 Suppl):4619s-4620s.
Frankel
LR,
Smith
DW,
Lewiston
NJ.
Bronchoalveolar
lavage
for
diagnosis
of
pneumonia in the immunocompromised child.
Pediatrics. Jun 1988;81(6):785-788.
Freeman AF, Davis J, Anderson VL, et al.
Pneumocystis jiroveci infection in patients with
hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome. Pediatrics.
Oct 2006;118(4):e1271-1275.
French N, Mujugira A, Nakiyingi J, Mulder D,
Janoff EN, Gilks CF. Immunologic and clinical
stages in HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults are
comparable and provide no evidence of rapid
progression but poor survival with advanced
disease. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Dec 15
1999;22(5):509-516.
Frenkel JK. Pneumocystis pneumonia, an
immunodeficiency-dependent disease (IDD): a
critical historical overview. J Eukaryot Microbiol.
Sep-Oct 1999;46(5):89S-92S.
Friedman-Kein A, Stevens CE. Kaposi's sarcoma
and hepatitis B vaccine [ LETTER ]. Ann Intern
Med. Nov 1982;97(5):786-787.
Frösner G, Franco E, Thomssen R. Comparison
of the immunogenicity of three different
hepatitis B vaccines. Journal of Infection. July
1983;7(Supplement 1):71.
Frösner GG. Impfung gegen Hepatitis B:
Ergebnisse der Klinischen Prufung und der
einjahrigen
Anwendung.
Monatsschr
Kinderheilkd. Jun 1984;132(6):495-498.
Fuchs D, Dierich MP, Hausen A, et al. Are
homosexuals less at risk of AIDS than
intravenous drug abusers and haemophiliacs?
Lancet. Nov 16 1985;2(8464):1130.
Fuchs D, Wachter H, Wille R. AIDS in
haemophiliacs, parenteral drug abusers, and
homosexuals. Lancet. Feb 8 1986;1(8476):324.
Fujiyama A, Watanabe H, Toyoda A, et al.
Construction and analysis of a humanchimpanzee comparative clone map. Science.
Jan 4 2002;295(5552):131-134.
Fukasawa M, Miura T, Hasegawa A, et al.
Sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus
from African green monkey, a new member of
the
HIV/SIV
group.
Nature.
Jun
2
1988;333(6172):457-461.
Fultz PN. Components of saliva inactivate human
immunodeficiency virus.
Lancet.
Nov
22
1986;2(8517):1215.
Fultz PN, Gordon TP, Anderson DC, McClure HM.
Prevalence of natural infection with simian
immunodeficiency virus and simian T-cell
leukemia virus type I in a breeding colony of
sooty
mangabey
monkeys.
AIDS.
Jul
1990;4(7):619-625.
Fultz PN, McClure HM, Anderson DC, Swenson
RB, Anand R, Srinivasan A. Isolation of a Tlymphotropic retrovirus from naturally infected
sooty mangabey monkeys (Cercocebus atys).
Page 31 of 109
Bibliography
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Jul 1986;83(14):52865290.
Fultz PN, McClure HM, Anderson DC, Switzer
WM. Identification and biologic characterization
of an acutely lethal variant of simian
immunodeficiency virus from sooty mangabeys
(SIV/SMM). AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Aug
1989;5(4):397-409.
Fultz PN, McClure HM, Swenson RB, et al.
Persistent infection of chimpanzees with human
T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathyassociated virus: a potential model for acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome. J Virol. Apr
1986;58(1):116-124.
Fultz PN, Schwiebert R, Stallworth J. AIDS-like
disease following mucosal infection of pig-tailed
macaques with SIVsmmPBj14. J Med Primatol.
May 1995;24(3):102-107.
Fultz PN, Stricker RB, McClure HM, Anderson DC,
Switzer WM, Horaist C. Humoral response to
SIV/SMM infection in macaque and mangabey
monkeys. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr.
1990;3(4):319-329.
Fultz PN, Switzer WM, Schable CA, Desrosiers
RC, Silva DP, McCormick JB. Seroprevalence of
HIV-1 and HIV-2 in Guinea Bissau in 1980. Aids.
Apr 1988;2(2):129-132.
Gagneux P, Gonder MK, Goldberg TL, Morin PA.
Gene flow in wild chimpanzee populations: what
genetic data tell us about chimpanzee
movement over space and time. Philos Trans R
Soc
Lond
B
Biol
Sci.
Jun
29
2001;356(1410):889-897.
Gaidano G, Pastore C, Gloghini A, et al.
Distribution of human herpesvirus-8 sequences
throughout the spectrum of AIDS-related
neoplasia. AIDS. Aug 1996;10(9):941-949.
Gail MH, Mark SD. Early zidovudine and survival
in HIV infection. N Engl J Med. Sep 10
1992;327(11):815; author reply 815-816.
Gaines H, von Sydow M, Pehrson PO, Lundbegh
P. Clinical picture of primary HIV infection
presenting as a glandular-fever-like illness. BMJ.
Nov 26 1988;297(6660):1363-1368.
Gajdusek DC. Pneumocystis carinii; etiologic
agent of interstitial plasma cell pneumonia of
premature and young infants. Pediatrics. Apr
1957;19(4 Part 1):543-565.
Gajdusek DC. Unconventional viruses and the
origin and disappearance of kuru. Science. Sep 2
1977;197(4307):943-960.
Gajdusek DC, Amyx HL, Gibbs CJ, Jr., et al.
Infection of chimpanzees by human Tlymphotropic retroviruses in brain and other
tissues from AIDS patients. Lancet. Jan 5
1985;1(8419):55-56.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Gajdusek DC, Amyx HL, Gibbs CJ, Jr., et al.
Transmission experiments with human Tlymphotropic retroviruses and human AIDS
tissue. Lancet. Jun 23 1984;1(8391):14151416.
Gallo R, Wong-Staal F, Montagnier L, Haseltine
WA, Yoshida M. HIV/HTLV gene nomenclature.
Nature. Jun 9 1988;333(6173):504.
Gallo RC. Reverse transcriptase, the DNA
polymerase of oncogenic RNA viruses. Nature.
Nov 26 1971;234(5326):194-198.
Gallo RC. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in
viruses and cells: views on the current state.
Blood. Jan 1972;39(1):117-137.
Gallo RC. Kaplan memorial lecture. The family of
human lymphotropic retroviruses called HTLV:
HTLV-I in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), HTLV-II in
hairy cell leukemias, and HTLV-III in AIDS.
Princess Takamatsu Symp. 1984;15:13-38.
Gallo RC. HIV-1, HHV-8, and Kaposi's sarcoma. J
Hum Virol. Mar-Apr 1998;1(3):185-186.
Gallo RC, Montagnier L. The discovery of HIV as
the cause of AIDS. N Engl J Med. Dec 11
2003;349(24):2283-2285.
Gallo RC, Salahuddin SZ, Popovic M, et al.
Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic
retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS
and at risk for AIDS. Science. May 4
1984;224(4648):500-503.
Gallo RC, Sarin PS, Gelmann EP, et al. Isolation
of human T-cell leukemia virus in acquired
immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Science.
May 20 1983;220(4599):865-867.
Gallo RC, Sliski A, Wong-Staal F. Origin of
human
T-cell
leukaemia-lymphoma
virus.
Lancet. Oct 22 1983;2(8356):962-963.
Gallo RC, Yang SS, Ting RC. RNA dependent
DNA polymerase of human acute leukaemic
cells. Nature. Dec 5 1970;228(5275):927-929.
Gann. Multinucleated giant cell formation in
cultured cells by murine leukemia virus
infection. Gann. Jun 1973;64(3):321-322.
Gao F, Bailes E, Robertson DL, et al. Origin of
HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes
troglodytes.
Nature.
Feb
4
1999;397(6718):436-441.
Gao F, Morrison SG, Robertson DL, et al.
Molecular cloning and analysis of functional
envelope genes from human immunodeficiency
virus type 1 sequence subtypes A through G.
The WHO and NIAID Networks for HIV Isolation
and
Characterization.
J
Virol.
Mar
1996;70(3):1651-1667.
Page 32 of 109
Bibliography
Gao F, Robertson DL, Morrison SG, et al. The
heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus
type 1 epidemic in Thailand is caused by an
intersubtype (A/E) recombinant of African origin.
J Virol. Oct 1996;70(10):7013-7029.
Gao F, Yue L, Robertson DL, et al. Genetic
diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type
2: evidence for distinct sequence subtypes with
differences in virus biology. J Virol. Nov
1994;68(11):7433-7447.
Gao F, Yue L, White AT, et al. Human infection
by genetically diverse SIVSM-related HIV-2 in
west
Africa.
Nature.
Aug
6
1992;358(6386):495-499.
Gao SJ, Kingsley L, Li M, et al. KSHV antibodies
among Americans, Italians and Ugandans with
and without Kaposi's sarcoma. Nat Med. Aug
1996;2(8):925-928.
Garcia-Jardon M, Bhat VG, Blanco-Blanco E,
Stepian A. Postmortem findings in HIV/AIDS
patients in a tertiary care hospital in rural South
Africa. Trop Doct. Apr 2010;40(2):81-84.
Gardiner C, Biggar RJ, Collins WE, Nkrumah FK.
Malaria in urban and rural areas of southern
Ghana: a survey of parasitaemia, antibodies,
and antimalarial practices. Bull World Health
Organ. 1984;62(4):607-613.
Gardner MB, Henderson BE, Estes JD, et al. The
epidemiology and virology of C-type virusassociated hematological cancers and related
diseases in wild mice. Cancer Res. Feb
1976;36(2 pt 2):574-581.
Gardner MB, Hu SL. SIV vaccines, 1991--a year
in review. AIDS. 1991;5 Suppl 2:S115-127.
Gardner MB, Luciw P, Lerche N, Marx P.
Nonhuman primate retrovirus isolates and AIDS.
Adv Vet Sci Comp Med. 1988;32:171-226.
Gardner MB, Luciw PA. Simian immunodeficiency
viruses and their relationship to the human
immunodeficiency viruses. AIDS. 1988;2 Suppl
1:S3-10.
Gardner MB, Luciw PA. Animal models of AIDS.
FASEB J. Dec 1989;3(14):2593-2606.
Garrett AJ, Seagroatt V, Supran EM, Habermehl
KO, Hampl H, Schild GC. Measurement of
antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus: an
international collaborative study to evaluate
WHO reference sera. Bull World Health Organ.
1988;66(2):197-202.
Garrison KE, Jones RB, Meiklejohn DA, et al. T
cell
responses
to
human
endogenous
retroviruses in HIV-1 infection. PLoS Pathog.
Nov 2007;3(11):e165.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
United States in 1968.
1988;260(14):2085-2087.
JAMA.
Oct
14
Garzino-Demo A, Moss RB, Margolick JB, et al.
Spontaneous and antigen-induced production of
HIV-inhibitory beta-chemokines are associated
with AIDS-free status. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
Oct 12 1999;96(21):11986-11991.
Gatell JM, Podzamczer D, Clotet B, Estany C,
Miro JM. Natural history of HIV infection in
European drug users. AIDS. Jun 1989;3(6):404.
Gazzolo L, Robert-Guroff M, Jennings A, et al.
Type-I and type-III HTLV antibodies in
hospitalized and out-patient Zairians. Int J
Cancer. Sep 15 1985;36(3):373-378.
Gelderblom H. Fine Structure of HIV and SIV:
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos,
New Mexico; 1997.
Gellan MC, Ison CA. Declining incidence of
gonorrhoea in London: a response to fear of
AIDS? Lancet. Oct 18 1986;2(8512):920.
Gendelman HE, Ehrlich GD, Baca LM, et al. The
inability of human immunodeficiency virus to
infect chimpanzee monocytes can be overcome
by serial viral passage in vivo. J Virol. Jul
1991;65(7):3853-3863.
Genesca J, Esteban JI, Esteban R, Hernandez
JM, Guardia J. Lack of HIV transmission after
hepatitis
B
immunoprophylaxis.
Infection.
1987;15(5):366.
Gentili G, Wirz M, Puccinelli M, Mele C, Collotti C,
Vicari G. Detection of anti-HIV antibodies in
immunoglobulin preparations: the significance of
antibodies to the HIV-envelope. Biologicals. Jul
1991;19(3):197-202.
Georges MC, Wachsmuth IK, Meunier DM, et al.
Parasitic, bacterial, and viral enteric pathogens
associated with diarrhea in the Central African
Republic. J Clin Microbiol. May 1984;19(5):571575.
Georgiades JA, Billiau A, Vanderschueren B.
Infection of human cell cultures with bovine
visna virus. J Gen Virol. Feb 1978;38(2):375381.
Gerberding JL. Postexposure prophylaxis for
human immunodeficiency virus at San Francisco
General Hospital. Am J Med. May 19
1997;102(5B):85-89.
Geretti AM. Simian immunodeficiency virus as a
model of human HIV disease. Rev Med Virol.
Jan-Mar 1999;9(1):57-67.
Gerety RJ, Tabor E. Newly licensed hepatitis B
vaccine. Known safety and unknown risks. Jama.
Feb 11 1983;249(6):745-746.
Garry RF, Witte MH, Gottlieb AA, et al.
Documentation of an AIDS virus infection in the
Page 33 of 109
Bibliography
Gerety RJ, Tabor E, Purcell RH, Tyeryar FJ.
Summary of an international workshop on
hepatitis B vaccines. J Infect Dis. Oct
1979;140(4):642-648.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
projections. Sex Transm Infect. Aug 2008;84
Suppl 1:i1-4.
Gerin JL, Holland PV, Purcell RH. Australia
antigen: large-scale purification from human
serum and biochemical studies of its proteins. J
Virol. May 1971;7(5):569-576.
Giddens WE, Jr., Tsai CC, Morton WR, Ochs HD,
Knitter
GH,
Blakley
GA.
Retroperitoneal
fibromatosis and acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome in macaques. Pathologic observations
and transmission studies. Am J Pathol. May
1985;119(2):253-263.
Gerin JL, Shih JW. Structure of HBsAg and
HBcAg. In: Vyas GN, Cohen SN, Schmid R, eds.
Viral Hepatitis: A Contemporary Assessment of
Etiology,
Epidemiology,
Pathogenesis
and
Prevention. Philadelphia: Franklin Institute
Press; 1978:147-153.
Gifford RJ, Katzourakis A, Tristem M, Pybus OG,
Winters
M,
Shafer
RW.
A
transitional
endogenous lentivirus from the genome of a
basal primate and implications for lentivirus
evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Dec 23
2008;105(51):20362-20367.
Gerin JL, Shih JW, Kaplan PM. Biophysical and
biochemical characterization of hepatitis B
antigen.
Am
J
Med
Sci.
Jul-Aug
1975;270(1):115-121.
Gigliotti F. Pneumocystis carinii: has the name
really been changed? Clin Infect Dis. Dec 15
2005;41(12):1752-1755.
Gershy-Damet GM, Koffi K, Soro B, et al.
Seroepidemiological survey of HIV-1 and HIV-2
infections in the five regions of Ivory Coast.
AIDS. Apr 1991;5(4):462-463.
Gerstoft J, Malchow-Moller A, Bygbjerg I, et al.
Severe acquired immunodeficiency in European
homosexual men. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). Jul 3
1982;285(6334):17-19.
Gerstoft J, Nielsen JO, Dickmeiss E, Ronne T,
Platz
P,
Mathiesen
L.
The
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome
(AIDS)
in
Denmark. A report from the Copenhagen study
group of AIDS on the first 20 Danish patients.
Acta Med Scand. 1985;217(2):213-224.
Gerstoft J, Petersen CS, Kroon S, et al. T
lymphocyte subsets in homosexual men from
Copenhagen.
Eur
J
Clin
Invest.
Aug
1984;14(4):301-305.
Geshekter G. Myths and Misconceptions of the
Orthodox View of AIDS in Africa. Ethics &
Politics. 2007;IX(2):330-370.
Gessain A, de The G. What is the situation of
human T cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLVII) in Africa? Origin and dissemination of
genomic subtypes. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
Hum Retrovirol. 1996;13 Suppl 1:S228-235.
Getchell JP, Hicks DR, Svinivasan A, et al.
Human immunodeficiency virus isolated from a
serum sample collected in 1976 in Central
Africa. J Infect Dis. Nov 1987;156(5):833-837.
Ghys PD, Brown T, Grassly NC, et al. The
UNAIDS Estimation and Projection Package: a
software package to estimate and project
national HIV epidemics. Sex Transm Infect. Aug
2004;80 Suppl 1:i5-9.
Ghys PD, Walker N, McFarland W, Miller R,
Garnett GP. Improved data, methods and tools
for the 2007 HIV and AIDS estimates and
Gigliotti F. Pneumocystis carinii nomenclature:
response to Cushion and Stringer. Clin Infect
Dis. Apr 15 2006;42(8):1208-1209.
Gilbert MT, Rambaut A, Wlasiuk G, Spira TJ,
Pitchenik AE, Worobey M. The emergence of
HIV/AIDS in the Americas and beyond. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A. Nov 20 2007;104(47):1856618570.
Gilden RV, Arthur LO, Robey WG, Kelliher JC,
Graham CE, Fischinger PJ. HTLV-III antibody in
a breeding chimpanzee not experimentally
exposed to the virus. Lancet. Mar 22
1986;1(8482):678-679.
Gilks C. Cancer and HIV infection. BMJ. May 25
1991;302(6787):1275.
Gilks C. AIDS, monkeys and malaria. Nature.
Nov 28 1991;354(6351):262.
Gilks C. Disease in children with HIV infection in
Abidjan [ LETTER ]. British Medical Journal. May
18 1996;312:1302.
Gilks C. Man, monkeys and malaria. Philos Trans
R
Soc
Lond
B
Biol
Sci.
Jun
29
2001;356(1410):921-922.
Gilks C, Squire B. Pneumocystis carinii
pneumonia
in
Africa.
Lancet.
Jan
13
1996;347(8994):126; author reply 126-127.
Gilks CF. What use is a clinical case definition for
AIDS
in
Africa?
BMJ.
Nov
9
1991;303(6811):1189-1190.
Gilks
CF.
Improving
HIV/AIDS
disease
surveillance in low-income countries. AIDS. Dec
1997;11(15):1881-1882.
Gilks CF, Brindle RJ, Otieno LS, et al.
Extrapulmonary and disseminated tuberculosis
in HIV-1-seropositive patients presenting to the
acute medical services in Nairobi. AIDS. Oct
1990;4(10):981-985.
Page 34 of 109
Bibliography
Gilks CF, Brindle RJ, Otieno LS, et al. Lifethreatening bacteraemia in HIV-1 seropositive
adults admitted to hospital in Nairobi, Kenya.
Lancet. Sep 1 1990;336(8714):545-549.
Gilks CF, Ojoo SA, Brindle RJ. Non-opportunistic
bacterial infections in HIV-seropositive adults in
Nairobi, Kenya. AIDS. 1991;5 Suppl 1:S113116.
Gilks CF, Otieno LS, Brindle RJ, et al. The
presentation and outcome of HIV-related
disease
in
Nairobi.
Q
J
Med.
Jan
1992;82(297):25-32.
Gill MJ, Rachlis A, Anand C. Five cases of
erroneously diagnosed HIV infection. CMAJ. Dec
15 1991;145(12):1593-1595.
Gilmore NJ, Beaulieu R, Steben M, Laverdiere M.
AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Can Med Assoc J. Jun 1 1983;128(11):12811284.
Giraldo G, Beth E, Henle W, et al. Antibody
patterns to herpesviruses in Kaposi's sarcoma.
II. Serological association of American Kaposi's
sarcoma with cytomegalovirus. Int J Cancer.
Aug 15 1978;22(2):126-131.
Giraldo G, Beth E, Kourilsky FM, et al. Antibody
patterns to herpesviruses in kaposi's sarcoma:
serological association of european kaposi's
sarcoma with cytomegalovirus. Int J Cancer.
May 15 1975;15(5):839-848.
Giraldo G, Beth E, Kyalwazi SK. Etiological
implications on Kaposi's sarcoma. Antibiot
Chemother. 1981;29:12-31.
Giri A, Slattery JP, Heneine W, et al. The tax
gene
sequences
form
two
divergent
monophyletic lineages corresponding to types I
and
II
of
simian
and
human
T-cell
leukemia/lymphotropic viruses. Virology. Apr 28
1997;231(1):96-104.
Gladstone P. AIDS progression: protection by
TH1 lymphokines in different HLA-DR genotypes.
Immunol Today. Aug 1993;14(8):417-418.
Glauser
MP,
Francioli
P.
Clinical
and
epidemiological survey of acquired immune
deficiency syndrome in Europe. Eur J Clin
Microbiol. Feb 1984;3(1):55-58.
Gnaore E, De Cock KM, Gayle H, et al.
Prevalence of and mortality from HIV type 2 in
Guinea Bissau, West Africa. Lancet. Aug 26
1989;2(8661):513.
Gnaore E, Sassan-Morokro M, Kassim S, et al. A
comparison of clinical features in tuberculosis
associated
with
infection
with
human
immunodeficiency viruses 1 and 2. Trans R Soc
Trop Med Hyg. Jan-Feb 1993;87(1):57-59.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Gnaore E, Sassan-Morokro M, Kassim S, et al. A
comparison of clinical features in tuberculosis
associated
with
infection
with
human
immunodeficiency viruses 1 and 2. Trans R Soc
Trop Med Hyg. Jan-Feb 1993;87(1):57-59.
Gocke DJ, Raska K, Jr., Pollack W, Schwartzer T.
HTLV-III
antibody
in
commercial
immunoglobulin.
Lancet.
Jan
4
1986;1(8471):37-38.
Godfrey SE. Heterosexual transmission of HIV.
JAMA. Apr 8 1992;267(14):1917; author reply
1918-1919.
Godfrey-Faussett P, Mwinga A, Hosp M,
Baggaley R, Porter J, Msiska R. Tuberculosis and
slim
disease
in
Africa.
BMJ.
Nov
5
1994;309(6963):1230-1231.
Gody M, Ouattara SA, de The G. Clinical
experience of AIDS in relation to HIV-1 and HIV2 infection in a rural hospital in Ivory Coast,
West Africa. AIDS. Dec 1988;2(6):433-436.
Goedert JJ. Infectious and genetic factors in
AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma. Lancet. Mar 3
1990;335(8688):547.
Goedert JJ, Biggar RJ, Weiss SH, et al. Threeyear incidence of AIDS in five cohorts of HTLVIII-infected risk group members. Science. Feb
28 1986;231(4741):992-995.
Goedert JJ, Biggar RJ, Winn DM, et al.
Decreased helper T lymphocytes in homosexual
men. I. Sexual contact in high-incidence areas
for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Am J Epidemiol. May 1985;121(5):629-636.
Goedert JJ, Biggar RJ, Winn DM, et al.
Decreased helper T lymphocytes in homosexual
men. II. Sexual practices. Am J Epidemiol. May
1985;121(5):637-644.
Goedert JJ, Gallo RC. Epidemiological evidence
that HTLV-III is the AIDS agent. Eur J Epidemiol.
Sep 1985;1(3):155-159.
Gojobori T, Moriyama EN, Ina Y, et al.
Evolutionary origin of human and simian
immunodeficiency viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U
S A. Jun 1990;87(11):4108-4111.
Goldberg B. Origin of AIDS. Lancet. Jun 20
1992;339(8808):1548.
Goldberg B, Stricker RB. HIV protease and the
pathogenesis of AIDS. Res Virol. Nov-Dec
1996;147(6):375-379.
Goldberg B, Stricker RB. Bridging the gap:
human diploid cell strains and the origin of
AIDS. J Theor Biol. Jun 21 2000;204(4):497503.
Page 35 of 109
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Bibliography
Golden JA. No increased incidence of AIDS in
recipients of hepatitis B vaccine [ Letter ]. N
Engl J Med. May 12 1983;308(19):1163.
Goldman AS, Goldman LR, Goldman DA. What
caused
the
epidemic
of
Pneumocystis
pneumonia in European premature infants in the
mid-20th
century?
Pediatrics.
Jun
2005;115(6):e725-736.
Goldmeier
D,
Linch
D,
Mellars
BJ.
Immunocompromise syndrome in homosexual
men. Prevalence of possible risk factors and
screening for the prodrome using an accurate
white cell count. Br J Vener Dis. Apr
1983;59(2):127-130.
Goldstein S, Ourmanov I, Brown CR, et al. Wide
range of viral load in healthy african green
monkeys
naturally
infected
with
simian
immunodeficiency
virus.
J
Virol.
Dec
2000;74(24):11744-11753.
Gomes P, Taveira NC, Pereira JM, Antunes F,
Ferreira MO, Lourenco MH. Quantitation of
human immunodeficiency virus type 2 DNA in
peripheral blood mononuclear cells by using a
quantitative-competitive PCR assay. J Clin
Microbiol. Feb 1999;37(2):453-456.
Gonda MA. Molecular genetics and structure of
the human immunodeficiency virus. J Electron
Microsc Tech. Jan 1988;8(1):17-40.
paramyxovirus fusion proteins. AIDS Res Hum
Retroviruses. Fall 1987;3(3):245-252.
Goodgame RW. AIDS in Uganda--clinical and
social features. N Engl J Med. Aug 9
1990;323(6):383-389.
Goodman C, Emmons W, Newton J. Misdiagnosis
of HIV infection. Ann Intern Med. Oct 5
1999;131(7):547; author reply 547-548.
Gordon MA, Graham SM. Invasive salmonellosis
in Malawi. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2008;2(6):438442.
Gordon
Silvestri
Learned
Hosts?:
Alamos,
S, Pandrea I, Dunham R, Apetrei C,
G. The Call of the Wild: What Can Be
from Studies of SIV Infection of Natural
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los
New Mexico; 2005. LA-UR 06-0680.
Gore SM. Transmission of HIV. BMJ. Jun 6
1992;304(6840):1506-1507.
Gorman C. When Did AIDS Begin? Time. New
York, NY; February 16, 1998.
Gorny M, Zolla-Pazner S. Human Monoclonal
Antibodies that Neutralize HIV-1. Los Alamos
National Laboratory,Los Alamos, New Mexico
2004. LA-UR 04-8162.
Gosden RG. AIDS and malaria experiments.
Nature. Jan 23 1992;355(6358):305.
Gonda MA, Braun MJ, Carter SG, et al.
Characterization and molecular cloning of a
bovine
lentivirus
related
to
human
immunodeficiency virus. Nature. Nov 26-Dec 2
1987;330(6146):388-391.
Gottlieb GJ, Ragaz A, Vogel JV, et al. A
preliminary
communication
on
extensively
disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma in young
homosexual men. Am J Dermatopathol. Summer
1981;3(2):111-114.
Gonda MA, Braun MJ, Clements JE, et al. Human
T-cell lymphotropic virus type III shares
sequence homology with a family of pathogenic
lentiviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Jun
1986;83(11):4007-4011.
Gottlieb GS, Hawes SE, Agne HD, et al. Lower
levels of HIV RNA in semen in HIV-2 compared
with HIV-1 infection: implications for differences
in transmission. AIDS. Apr 4 2006;20(6):895900.
Gonda MA, Wong-Staal F, Gallo RC, Clements
JE, Gilden RV. Heteroduplex mapping in the
molecular analysis of the human T-cell leukemia
(lymphotropic) viruses. Cancer Res. Sep
1985;45(9 Suppl):4553s-4558s.
Gottlieb GS, Sow PS, Hawes SE, et al. Molecular
epidemiology of dual HIV-1/HIV-2 seropositive
adults from Senegal, West Africa. AIDS Res Hum
Retroviruses. Jul 2003;19(7):575-584.
Gonda MA, Wong-Staal F, Gallo RC, Clements
JE, Narayan O, Gilden RV. Sequence homology
and morphologic similarity of HTLV-III and visna
virus, a pathogenic lentivirus. Science. Jan 11
1985;227(4683):173-177.
Gottlieb GS, Sow PS, Hawes SE, et al. Equal
plasma viral loads predict a similar rate of CD4+
T cell decline in human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) type 1- and HIV-2-infected individuals
from Senegal, West Africa. J Infect Dis. Apr 1
2002;185(7):905-914.
Gonder MK, Oates JF, Disotell TR, Forstner MR,
Morales JC, Melnick DJ. A new west African
chimpanzee
subspecies?
Nature.
Jul
24
1997;388(6640):337.
Gottlieb MS. Pneumocystis pneumonia--Los
Angeles. Am J Public Health. Jun 1981;30:250252.
Gonzalez-Scarano F, Waxham MN, Ross AM,
Hoxie JA. Sequence similarities between human
immunodeficiency
virus
gp41
and
Gottlieb MS, Schroff R, Schanker HM, et al.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal
candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual
men: evidence of a new acquired cellular
Page 36 of 109
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Bibliography
10
HIV/AIDS in Africa. AIDS. 1997;11 Suppl B:S4354.
Göttlinger H. HIV-1 Gag: a Molecular Machine
Driving Viral Particle Assembly and Release: Los
Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New
Mexico; 2001. LA-UR 02-2877.
Grant AD, Djomand G, Smets P, et al. Profound
immunosuppression across the spectrum of
opportunistic disease among hospitalized HIVinfected adults in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. AIDS.
Sep 1997;11(11):1357-1364.
immunodeficiency. N Engl
1981;305(24):1425-1431.
J
Med.
Dec
Goudsmit J. Malnutrition and concomitant
herpesvirus infection as a possible cause of
immunodeficiency syndrome in Haitian infants.
N Engl J Med. Sep 1 1983;309(9):554-555.
Goudsmit J. Alternative view on AIDS. Lancet.
May 23 1992;339(8804):1289-1290.
Goudsmit J, Houwers DJ, Smit L, Nauta IM.
LAV/HTLV-III gag gene product p24 shares
antigenic determinants with equine infectious
anemia virus but not with visna virus or caprine
arthritis
encephalitis
virus.
Intervirology.
1986;26(3):169-173.
Goudsmit J, Martin M. AIDS 1990. Virology:
overview. AIDS. 1990;4 Suppl 1:S39-40.
Gould S. Ever Since Darwin. New York: Norton;
1977.
Gracey M, Stone DE, Suharjono, Sunoto.
Isolation
of
Candida
species
from
the
gastrointestinal tract in malnourished children.
Am J Clin Nutr. Apr 1974;27(4):345-349.
Grady GF. Passive immunization against viral
hepatitis-- status and prospects. Am J Med Sci.
Sep-Oct 1975;270(2):369-374.
Grady GF, Lee VA, Prince AM, et al. Hepatitis B
immune globulin for accidental exposures
among medical personnel: final report of a
multicenter controlled trial. J Infect Dis. Nov
1978;138(5):625-638.
Graham NM, Zeger SL, Park LP, et al. The
effects on survival of early treatment of human
immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med.
Apr 16 1992;326(16):1037-1042.
Graham SM. Non-tuberculosis opportunistic
infections and other lung diseases in HIVinfected infants and children. Int J Tuberc Lung
Dis. Jun 2005;9(6):592-602.
Graham SM, Mtitimila EI, Kamanga HS, Walsh
AL, Hart CA, Molyneux ME. Clinical presentation
and outcome of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
in
Malawian
children.
Lancet.
Jan
29
2000;355(9201):369-373.
Graham SM, Mtitimila EI, Kamanga HS, Walsh
AL, Hart CA, Molyneux ME. ERRATUM - Clinical
presentation and outcome of Pneumocystis
carinii pneumonia in Malawian children. Lancet.
Jan 29 2000;355(9201):369-373.
Grant AD, Djomand G, De Cock KM. Natural
history and spectrum of disease in adults with
Grant AD, Kaplan JE, De Cock KM. Preventing
opportunistic
infections
among
human
immunodeficiency
virus-infected
adults
in
African countries. Am J Trop Med Hyg. Dec
2001;65(6):810-821.
Grantham P, Perrin P. AIDS virus and HTLV-I
differ in codon choices. Nature. Feb 27-Mar 5
1986;319(6056):727-728.
Grassly NC, Morgan M, Walker N, et al.
Uncertainty in estimates of HIV/AIDS: the
estimation and application of plausibility bounds.
Sex Transm Infect. Aug 2004;80 Suppl 1:i3138.
Grassly NC, Xiang Z, Ariyoshi K, et al. Mortality
among human immunodeficiency virus type 2positive villagers in rural Guinea-Bissau is
correlated with viral genotype. J Virol. Oct
1998;72(10):7895-7899.
Gravell M, London WT, Hamilton RS, et al.
Transmission of simian AIDS with type D
retrovirus
isolate.
Lancet.
Feb
11
1984;1(8372):334-335.
Gravell M, London WT, Hamilton RS, Stone G,
Monzon M. Infection of macaque monkeys with
simian immunodeficiency virus from African
green monkeys: virulence and activation of
latent infection. J Med Primatol. 1989;18(34):247-254.
Gravell M, London WT, Houff SA, et al.
Transmission
of
simian
acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) with blood
or
filtered
plasma.
Science.
Jan
6
1984;223(4631):74-76.
Gravell M, London WT, Lecatsas G, Hamilton RS,
Houff SA, Sever JL. Transmission of simian
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS)
with type D retrovirus isolated from saliva or
urine.
Proc
Soc
Exp
Biol
Med.
Dec
1984;177(3):491-494.
Gray RH, Wawer MJ, Serwadda D, Kigozi G. The
role of male circumcision in the prevention of
human papillomavirus and HIV infection. J Infect
Dis. Jan 1 2009;199(1):1-3.
Greco RS. Haiti and the stigma of AIDS. Lancet.
Aug 27 1983;2(8348):515-516.
Greenberg AE, Coulibaly IM, Kadio A, et al.
Impact of the 1994 expanded World Health
Organization AIDS case definition on AIDS
surveillance
in
university
hospitals
and
Page 37 of 109
Bibliography
tuberculosis centers in Cote d'Ivoire. AIDS. Dec
1997;11(15):1867-1872.
Greenberg AE, Schable CA, Sulzer AJ, Collins
WE, Phuc N-D. Evaluation of serological crossreactivity between antibodies to Plasmodium
and
HTLV-III/LAV.
Lancet.
Aug
2
1986;2(8501):247-249.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Grob PJ, Joller-Jemelka HI, Rickenbach M.
[Preventive hepatitis B vaccination]. Ther
Umsch. Mar 1983;40(3):220-224.
Grob PJ, Rickenbach M, Steffen R, et al.
Hepatitis B vaccination campaign in a low
endemicity area. Eur J Clin Microbiol. Aug
1985;4(4):408-411.
Greenberg AE, Thomas PA, Landesman SH, et
al. The spectrum of HIV-1-related disease
among outpatients in New York City. AIDS. Aug
1992;6(8):849-859.
Grob PJ, Rickenbach M, Wagner S, Pelzer JO. An
account of a pilot hepatitis B vaccination
programme for high-risk individuals in Zurich. J
Infect. Jul 1983;7 Suppl 1:85-92.
Greenberg AE, Wiktor SZ, Decock KM, Smith P,
Jaffe HW, Dondero TJ, Jr. HIV-2 and Natural
Protection Against HIV-1 Infection. Science. Jun
28 1996;272(5270):1959a.
Grob PJ, Rickenbach M, Wagner S, Steffen R,
Gutzwiller F. Hepatitis B vaccination of high-risk
individuals in the canton of Zurich. Eur J Clin
Microbiol. Aug 1983;2(4):309-315.
Greenblatt RM, Lukehart SA, Plummer FA, et al.
Genital ulceration as a risk factor for human
immunodeficiency virus infection. Aids. Feb
1988;2(1):47-50.
Groenewald P, Bradshaw D, Dorrington R,
Bourne D, Laubscher R, Nannan N. Identifying
deaths from AIDS in South Africa: an update.
AIDS. Apr 29 2005;19(7):744-745.
Greenfield WR. Night of the living dead II: slow
virus
encephalopathies
and
AIDS:
do
necromantic zombiists transmit HTLV-III/LAV
during voodooistic rituals? JAMA. Oct 24-31
1986;256(16):2199-2200.
Groenewald P, Nannan N, Bourne D, Laubscher
R, Bradshaw D. Identifying deaths from AIDS in
South Africa. AIDS. Jan 28 2005;19(2):193-201.
Greenhouse P. Female-to-female transmission of
HIV. Lancet. Aug 15 1987;2(8555):401-402.
Greensfelder L. Infectious diseases. Polio
outbreak raises questions about vaccine.
Science. Dec 8 2000;290(5498):1867-1869.
Greenson JK, Belitsos PC, Yardley JH, Bartlett
JG. AIDS enteropathy: occult enteric infections
and duodenal mucosal alterations in chronic
diarrhea.
Ann
Intern
Med.
Mar
1
1991;114(5):366-372.
Greenwood BM, Whittle HC. Kaposi's sarcoma in
Zambia. Lancet. Apr 7 1984;1(8380):798.
Gregson S, Nyamukapa C, Lopman B, et al.
Critique of early models of the demographic
impact of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa based
on contemporary empirical data from Zimbabwe.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Sep 11
2007;104(37):14586-14591.
Griffiths PD. Virus infections in patients with
AIDS. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1990;84
Suppl 1:7-8.
Grob P. Hepatitis B vaccination of renal
transplant and hemodialysis patients. Scand J
Infect Dis Suppl. 1983;38:28-32.
Grob PJ, Binswanger U, Zaruba K, et al.
Immunogenicity of a hepatitis B subunit vaccine
in hemodialysis and in renal transplant
recipients. Antiviral Res. Mar 1983;3(1):43-52.
Groopman JE, Chen FW, Hope JA, et al.
Serological characterization of HTLV-III infection
in AIDS and related disorders. J Infect Dis. Apr
1986;153(4):736-742.
Groopman JE, Salahuddin SZ, Sarngadharan
MG, et al. HTLV-III in saliva of people with
AIDS-related complex and healthy homosexual
men at risk for AIDS. Science. Oct 26
1984;226(4673):447-449.
Gross RL, Newberne PM. Role of nutrition in
immunologic
function.
Physiol
Rev.
Jan
1980;60(1):188-302.
Gross RL, Osdin N, Fong L, Newberne PM. I.
Depressed immunological function in zincdeprived rats as measured by mitogen response
of spleen, thymus, and peripheral blood. Am J
Clin Nutr. Jun 1979;32(6):1260-1266.
Grundy MS, Cartwright-Taylor L, Lundin L, Thors
C, Huldt G. Antibodies against Entamoeba
histolytica in human milk and serum in Kenya. J
Clin Microbiol. May 1983;17(5):753-758.
Grunnet N, Jersild C, Georgsen J. Photometric
reading of anti-HTLV-III ELISA kits. Lancet. Dec
7 1985;2(8467):1302.
Gschnait F, Schmidt BL, Schwarz T, Heinz FX,
Kunz C. [HIV (HTLV III/LAV) serology:
experiences based on more than 42,000 tests].
Wien Klin Wochenschr. Aug 7 1987;99(15):536539.
Guerin JM, Malebranche R, Elie R, et al. Acquired
immune deficiency syndrome: specific aspects of
the disease in Haiti. Ann N Y Acad Sci.
1984;437:254-263.
Page 38 of 109
Bibliography
Gueudin M, Damond F, Braun J, et al.
Differences in proviral DNA load between HIV-1and HIV-2-infected patients. AIDS. Jan 11
2008;22(2):211-215.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Hadden SG. Providing citizens with information
about health effects of hazardous chemicals. J
Occup Med. Jun 1989;31(6):528-534.
Guinee VF. Heterosexual transmission of HIV.
JAMA. Apr 8 1992;267(14):1918; author reply
1918-1919.
Hadler SC, Francis DP, Maynard JE, et al. Longterm immunogenicity and efficacy of hepatitis B
vaccine in homosexual men. N Engl J Med. Jul
24 1986;315(4):209-214.
Gumbo FZ, Kurewa NE, Kandawasvika GQ, et al.
Rising mother-to-child HIV transmission in a
resource-limited breastfeeding population. Trop
Doct. Apr;40(2):70-73.
Hahn BH, Kong LI, Lee SW, et al. Relation of
HTLV-4 to simian and human immunodeficiencyassociated
viruses.
Nature.
Nov
12-18
1987;330(6144):184-186.
Gunby P. Hepatitis B vaccines show promise in
early
human
trials.
Jama.
Mar
9
1977;237(19):2022-2025.
Hahn BH, Shaw GM, De Cock KM, Sharp PM.
AIDS as a zoonosis: scientific and public health
implications.
Science.
Jan
28
2000;287(5453):607-614.
Gunby P. Clinical trial of vaccine for type B
hepatitis to begin next month. Jama. Mar 9
1979;241(10):979-980.
Guo HG, Franchini G, Collalti E, et al. Structure
of the long terminal repeat of simian
lymphotropic virus type III (African green
monkey) and its relatedness to that of HIV.
AIDS
Res
Hum
Retroviruses.
Summer
1987;3(2):177-185.
Gurgo C, Gallo RC. Human retroviruses: HTLV-I,
II, and III and their association with leukemia
and AIDS. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1987;511:350369.
Gurtler LG, Eberle J, Lorbeer B, Deinhardt F.
Sensitivity and specificity of commercial ELISA
kits for screening anti-LAV/HTLV III. J Virol
Methods. Jan 1987;15(1):11-23.
Gurtler LG, Wernicke D, Eberle J, Zoulek G,
Deinhardt
F,
Schramm
W. Increase
in
prevalence of anti-HTLV-III in haemophiliacs.
Lancet. Dec 1 1984;2(8414):1275-1276.
Gurtler LG, Zekeng L, Simon F, et al. Reactivity
of five anti-HIV-1 subtype O specimens with six
different anti-HIV screening ELISAs and three
immunoblots. J Virol Methods. Feb 1995;51(23):177-183.
Gurtler LG, Zekeng L, Tsague JM, et al. HIV-1
subtype
O:
epidemiology,
pathogenesis,
diagnosis, and perspectives of the evolution of
HIV. Arch Virol Suppl. 1996;11:195-202.
Guyader M, Emerman M, Sonigo P, Clavel F,
Montagnier L, Alizon M. Genome organization
and
transactivation
of
the
human
immunodeficiency virus type 2. Nature. Apr 1622 1987;326(6114):662-669.
Haitian-Americans TCSGoAi. Risk factors for
AIDS among Haitians residing in the United
States. Evidence of heterosexual transmission.
The Collaborative Study Group of AIDS in
Haitian-Americans.
JAMA.
Feb
6
1987;257(5):635-639.
Hall RF, Pursell AR, Cole JR, Jr., Youmans BC. A
propagating epizootic of equine infectious
anemia on a horse farm. J Am Vet Med Assoc.
Nov 1 1988;193(9):1082-1084.
Halperin DT, Epstein H. Concurrent sexual
partnerships help to explain Africa's high HIV
prevalence: implications for prevention. Lancet.
Jul 3-9 2004;364(9428):4-6.
Halperin DT, Weiss HA, Hayes R, et al. Response
to Ronald Gray, Male circumcision and HIV
acquisition and transmission: cohort studies in
Rakai, Uganda ( 2000, 14:2371-2381). AIDS.
Mar 29 2002;16(5):810-812; author reply 809810.
Hamori E, Varga G. DNA sequence (H) curves of
the human immunodeficiency virus 1 and some
related viral genomes. DNA. Jun 1988;7(5):371378.
Hampar B, Rand KH, Lerner RA, et al. Formation
of syncytia in human lymphoblastoid cells
infected with type C viruses. Virology. Oct
1973;55(2):453-463.
Hansmann A, Schim van der Loeff MF, Kaye S,
et al. Baseline plasma viral load and CD4 cell
percentage predict survival in HIV-1- and HIV-2infected women in a community-based cohort in
The Gambia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Mar
1 2005;38(3):335-341.
Gwanzura L. Pneumocystis Carinii: Pneumonia
in Zimbabwe. East Afr Med J. 1996;73(5):S38.
Hanson S, Hanson C. HIV control in low-income
countries in sub-Saharan Africa: are the right
things done? Glob Health Action. 2008;1.
Gyorkey F, Melnick F, Gyorkey P. Human
Immunodeficiency Virus in Glial Cells: Reply. J
Infect Dis. 1988;157(1).
Hapke MR. AIDS in monkeys and men. Lancet.
May 14 1983;1(8333):1097-1098.
Page 39 of 109
Bibliography
Hardy AM, Allen JR, Morgan WM, Curran JW. The
incidence rate of acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome in selected populations. JAMA. Jan 11
1985;253(2):215-220.
Hardy AM, Starcher ET, 2nd, Morgan WM, et al.
Review
of
death
certificates
to
assess
completeness of AIDS case reporting. Public
Health Rep. Jul-Aug 1987;102(4):386-391.
Harries A. Some clinical aspects of HIV infection
in Africa. Afr Health. Jul 1991;13(5):25-26.
Harries A. Some clinical aspects of HIV infection
in Africa. Afr Health. Jul 1992;14(5):10-11.
Harries
AD.
Tuberculosis
and
human
immunodeficiency virus infection in developing
countries. Lancet. Feb 17 1990;335(8686):387390.
Harries AD, Dye C. Tuberculosis. Ann Trop Med
Parasitol. Jul-Sep 2006;100(5-6):415-431.
Harries T. AIDS: an update. Afr Health. May
1996;18(4):17-19.
Harris C, Small CB, Klein RS, et al.
Immunodeficiency in female sexual partners of
men with the acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome.
N
Engl
J
Med.
May
19
1983;308(20):1181-1184.
Harris JE. Improved short-term survival of AIDS
patients initially diagnosed with Pneumocystis
carinii pneumonia, 1984 through 1987. JAMA.
Jan 19 1990;263(3):397-401.
Hartigan PM, Hamilton JD, Simberkoff MS. Early
zidovudine and survival in HIV infection. The
Veterans Affairs AIDS Cooperative Studies
Group.
N
Engl
J
Med.
Sep
10
1992;327(11):814-815; author reply 815-816.
Harward MP, Kaiser DL, Fedson DS. Acceptance
of hepatitis B vaccine by medical and surgical
residents.
J
Gen
Intern
Med.
Mar-Apr
1988;3(2):150-155.
Hasegawa A, Tsujimoto H, Maki N, et al.
Genomic divergence of HIV-2 from Ghana. AIDS
Res Hum Retroviruses. Dec 1989;5(6):593-604.
Haseltine WA, Sodroski J, Rosen C. Structure
and function of human leukemia and AIDS
viruses.
Princess
Takamatsu
Symp.
1984;15:187-196.
Hatfield D, Feng YX, Lee BJ, Rein A, Levin JG,
Oroszlan S. Chromatographic analysis of the
aminoacyl-tRNAs
which
are
required
for
translation of codons at and around the
ribosomal frameshift sites of HIV, HTLV-1, and
BLV. Virology. Dec 1989;173(2):736-742.
Havens PL. Postexposure prophylaxis in children
and adolescents for nonoccupational exposure to
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
human immunodeficiency virus. Pediatrics. Jun
2003;111(6 Pt 1):1475-1489.
Haverkos HW, Battjes RJ. Female-to-male
transmission
of
HIV.
JAMA.
Oct
14
1992;268(14):1855; author reply 1856-1857.
Haverkos HW, Drotman DP. Prevalence of
Kaposi's sarcoma among patients with AIDS. N
Engl J Med. Jun 6 1985;312(23):1518.
Havlichek DH, Jr., Hage-Korban E. False-positive
HIV diagnosis by HIV-1 plasma viral load
testing.
Ann
Intern
Med.
Nov
16
1999;131(10):794.
Hawes SE, Critchlow CW, Sow PS, et al. Incident
high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in
Senegalese women with and without human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV2. J Natl Cancer Inst. Jan 18 2006;98(2):100109.
Hayakawa F, Imada K, Towatari M, Saito H. Lifethreatening human parvovirus B19 infection
transmitted by intravenous immune globulin. Br
J Haematol. Sep 2002;118(4):1187-1189.
Hayes RJ, White RG. Amplified HIV transmission
during early-stage infection. J Infect Dis. Feb 15
2006;193(4):604-605; author reply 605-606.
Hayflick L, Plotkin S. Bridging the gap-a reply. J
Theor Biol. Dec 21 2000;207(4):577-578.
Hayward JJ, Rodrigo AG. Molecular epidemiology
of feline immunodeficiency virus in the domestic
cat (Felis catus). Vet Immunol Immunopathol.
Mar 15 2010;134(1-2):68-74.
He W, Neil S, Kulkarni H, et al. Duffy antigen
receptor for chemokines mediates transinfection of HIV-1 from red blood cells to target
cells and affects HIV-AIDS susceptibility. Cell
Host Microbe. Jul 17 2008;4(1):52-62.
Healey DS, Bolton WV. Apparent HIV-1
glycoprotein reactivity on western blot in
uninfected
blood
donors.
AIDS.
May
1993;7(5):655-658.
Healey DS, Maskill WJ, Neate EV, Beaton F, Gust
ID. A preliminary evaluation of five HIV antigen
detection assays. J Virol Methods. Jun
1988;20(2):115-125.
Heeney JL, Rutjens E, Verschoor EJ, et al.
Transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus
SIVcpz and the evolution of infection in the
presence and absence of concurrent human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in
chimpanzees. J Virol. Jul 2006;80(14):72087218.
Heidecker G, Lerche NW, Lowenstine LJ, et al.
Induction of simian acquired immune deficiency
syndrome (SAIDS) with a molecular clone of a
Page 40 of 109
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Bibliography
type D SAIDS retrovirus.
1987;61(10):3066-3071.
J
Virol.
Oct
Heijtink RA, De Jong P, Schalm SW, Masurel N.
Hepatitis B vaccination in Down's syndrome and
other mentally retarded patients. Hepatology.
Jul-Aug 1984;4(4):611-614.
Heijtink RA, Kruining J, Bakker M, Schalm SW.
Immune response after vaccination with
recombinant hepatitis B vaccine as compared to
that after plasma-derived vaccine. Antiviral Res.
1985;Suppl 1:273-279.
Heijtink RA, Kruining J, Schalm SW, Masurel N.
Comparison of two techniques for detecting
antibody to HBsAg during a hepatitis B vaccine
study. J Virol Methods. Apr 1985;10(4):333339.
Heijtink RA, Schalm SW. Immune response after
vaccination with two hepatitis B vaccines
differing in antigenic composition. Neth J Med.
1983;26(4):95-98.
Heijtink
RA,
Schalm
SW.
[Hepatitis
B
immunization in Dutch hospitals]. Ned Tijdschr
Geneeskd. Feb 16 1985;129(7):291-294.
Heijtink RA, Weber YA, Mazel JA. Hepatitis B
vaccination in newborn babies. Lancet. May 28
1988;1(8596):1226.
HEIN R, MCCUE J, MOZEN MM, ROUSELL RH.
Elimination of human immunodeficiency virus
from immunoglobulin preparations. Lancet. May
24 1986;1(8491):1217-1218.
Heinz FX, Kunz C, Barrett N. [Comparison of two
ELISA kits for the demonstration of antibodies
against
LAV/HTLV-III].
Zentralbl
Bakteriol
Mikrobiol Hyg A. Apr 1987;264(1-2):196-200.
Hemelaar J, Gouws E, Ghys PD, Osmanov S.
Global and regional distribution of HIV-1 genetic
subtypes and recombinants in 2004. AIDS. Oct
24 2006;20(16):W13-23.
Henderson DK, Fahey BJ, Willy M, et al. Risk for
occupational
transmission
of
human
immunodeficiency
virus
type
1
(HIV-1)
associated with clinical exposures. A prospective
evaluation.
Ann
Intern
Med.
Nov
15
1990;113(10):740-746.
Henderson LE, Benveniste RE, Sowder R,
Copeland TD, Schultz AM, Oroszlan S. Molecular
characterization of gag proteins from simian
immunodeficiency virus (SIVMne). J Virol. Aug
1988;62(8):2587-2595.
Henig M. AIDS - A New Disease's Deadly
Odyssey. New York Times Magazine, February 6,
1983.
Hennigar GR, Vinijchaikul K, Roque AL, Lyons
HA. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an adult.
Report of a case.
1961;35:353-364.
Am
J
Clin
Pathol.
Apr
Henrickson RV, Maul DH, Lerche NW, et al.
Clinical
features
of
simian
acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) in rhesus
monkeys. Lab Anim Sci. Apr 1984;34(2):140145.
Henrickson RV, Maul DH, Osborn KG, et al.
Epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency in
rhesus
monkeys.
Lancet.
Feb
19
1983;1(8321):388-390.
Hersh BS, Popovici F, Apetrei RC, et al. Acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome
in
Romania.
Lancet. Sep 14 1991;338(8768):645-649.
Hess JL, Pyper JM, Clements JE. Nucleotide
sequence and transcriptional activity of the
caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus long terminal
repeat. J Virol. Nov 1986;60(2):385-393.
Hessol NA, Koblin BA, van Griensven GJ, et al.
Progression of human immunodeficiency virus
type 1 (HIV-1) infection among homosexual
men in hepatitis B vaccine trial cohorts in
Amsterdam, New York City, and San Francisco,
1978-1991.
Am
J
Epidemiol.
Jun
1
1994;139(11):1077-1087.
Hessol NA, Lifson AR, O'Malley PM, Doll LS, Jaffe
HW, Rutherford GW. Prevalence, incidence, and
progression of human immunodeficiency virus
infection in homosexual and bisexual men in
hepatitis B vaccine trials, 1978-1988. Am J
Epidemiol. Dec 1989;130(6):1167-1175.
Heyward WL, Curran JW. The epidemiology of
AIDS in the U.S. Sci Am. Oct 1988;259(4):7281.
Higgins JR, Pedersen NC, Carlson JR. Detection
and differentiation by sandwich enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
of
human
T-cell
lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathyassociated
virusand
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome-associated
retroviruslike clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol.
Sep 1986;24(3):424-430.
Higgs JM. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis:
iron deficiency and the effects of iron therapy.
Proc R Soc Med. Aug 1973;66(8):802-804.
Hilleman M, Buynak EB, McAuliffe VJ, McLean
AA, Provost P, Tytell AA. Hepatitis A and
Hepatitis B Vaccines. In: Szmuness W, Alter HJ,
Maynard JE, eds. Viral Hepatitis: 1981
International Symposium. Philadelphia: Franklin
Institute Press; 1982:385-397.
Hilleman MR. Vaccines for the decade of the
1980s and beyond. S Afr Med J. May 8
1982;61(19):691-698.
Page 41 of 109
Bibliography
Hilleman MR. Whither immunization against viral
infections?
Ann
Intern
Med.
Dec
1984;101(6):852-858.
Hilleman MR. Virus vaccines. Nature. Jan 17-23
1985;313(5999):176.
Hilleman MR, Bertland AU, Buynak EB, et al.
Clinical and laboratory studies of HBsAg Vaccine.
In: Vyas GN, Cohen SN, Schmid R, eds. Viral
Hepatitis:
A Contemporary Assessment of
Etiology,
Epidemiology,
Pathogenesis
and
Prevention. Philadelphia: Franklin Institute
Press; 1978:525-537.
Hilleman MR, Buynak EB, Roehm RR, Tytell AA,
Bertland AU, Lampson GP. Purified and
inactivated human hepatitis B vaccine: progress
report.
Am
J
Med
Sci.
Sep-Oct
1975;270(2):401-404.
Hilleman MR, McAleer WJ, Buynak EB, McLean
AA. The preparation and safety of hepatitis B
vaccine. J Infect. Jul 1983;7 Suppl 1:3-8.
Hilleman MR, McAleer WJ, Buynak EB, McLean
AA. Quality and safety of human hepatitis B
vaccine. Dev Biol Stand. 1983;54:3-12.
Hillis DM. How to resolve the debate on the
origin
of
AIDS.
Science.
Sep
15
2000;289(5486):1877-1878.
Hillis DM. AIDS. Origins of HIV. Science. Jun 9
2000;288(5472):1757-1759.
Hillman R, Taylor-Robinson D, O'Mara N. Rape
and subsequent seroconversion to HIV. BMJ. Oct
28 1989;299(6707):1100.
Hira SK, Ngandu N, Wadhawan D, et al. Clinical
and epidemiological features of HIV infection at
a referral clinic in Zambia. J Acquir Immune
Defic Syndr. 1990;3(1):87-91.
Hirsch V, Riedel N, Kornfeld H, Kanki PJ, Essex
M, Mullins JI. Cross-reactivity to human Tlymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathyassociated virus and molecular cloning of simian
T-cell lymphotropic virus type III from African
green monkeys. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Dec
1986;83(24):9754-9758.
Hirsch V, Riedel N, Mullins JI. The genome
organization of STLV-3 is similar to that of the
AIDS
virus
except
for
a
truncated
transmembrane
protein.
Cell.
May
8
1987;49(3):307-319.
Hirsch VM, Dapolito G, Johnson PR, et al.
Induction of AIDS by simian immunodeficiency
virus from an African green monkey: speciesspecific variation in pathogenicity correlates with
the extent of in vivo replication. J Virol. Feb
1995;69(2):955-967.
Hirsch VM, Dapolito G, McGann C, Olmsted RA,
Purcell RH, Johnson PR. Molecular cloning of SIV
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
from sooty mangabey monkeys. J Med Primatol.
1989;18(3-4):279-285.
Hirsch VM, Dapolito GA, Goldstein S, et al. A
distinct African lentivirus from Sykes' monkeys.
J Virol. Mar 1993;67(3):1517-1528.
Hirsch VM, McGann C, Dapolito G, et al.
Identification of a new subgroup of SIVagm in
tantalus
monkeys.
Virology.
Nov
1993;197(1):426-430.
Hirsch VM, Olmsted RA, Murphey-Corb M, Purcell
RH, Johnson PR. An African primate lentivirus
(SIVsm) closely related to HIV-2. Nature. Jun 1
1989;339(6223):389-392.
Hirschel B. Early zidovudine and survival in HIV
infection.
N
Engl
J
Med.
Sep
10
1992;327(11):814; author reply 815-816.
Hjalgrim H, Melbye M, Pukkala E, et al.
Epidemiology of Kaposi's sarcoma in the Nordic
countries before the AIDS epidemic. Br J Cancer.
Nov 1996;74(9):1499-1502.
Hladik W, Musinguzi J, Kirungi W, et al. The
estimated burden of HIV/AIDS in Uganda, 20052010. AIDS. Feb 19 2008;22(4):503-510.
Ho DD, Schooley RT, Rota TR, et al. HTLV-III in
the semen and blood of a healthy homosexual
man. Science. Oct 26 1984;226(4673):451-453.
Hofer CB, Harrison LH, Struchiner CJ, et al.
Acute retrovirus syndrome among prospectively
identified homosexual men with incident HIV
infection in Brazil. Projecto Praca Onze Study
Group. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Oct 1
2000;25(2):188-191.
Hoffman E, Slade M. Rare Cancer
Homosexuals. New York Times, July 5, 1981.
in
Hoffmann CJ, Fielding KL, Charalambous S, et
al. Antiretroviral therapy using zidovudine,
lamivudine, and efavirenz in South Africa:
tolerability and clinical events. AIDS. Jan 2
2008;22(1):67-74.
Hofman P, Nelson AM. The pathology induced by
highly active antiretroviral therapy against
human immunodeficiency virus: an update. Curr
Med Chem. 2006;13(26):3121-3132.
Hogan DR, Zaslavsky AM, Hammitt JK, Salomon
JA. Flexible epidemiological model for estimates
and short-term projections in generalised
HIV/AIDS epidemics. Sex Transm Infect. Dec
2010;86 Suppl 2:ii84-92.
Holland HK, Spivak JL. The haematological
manifestations of acquired immune deficiency
syndrome.
Baillieres
Clin
Haematol.
Jan
1990;3(1):103-114.
Holland P, Golosova T, Szmuness W, et al. Viral
hepatitis markers in Soviet and American blood
Page 42 of 109
Bibliography
donors. Transfusion. Sep-Oct 1980;20(5):504510.
Holland PV, Richards CA, Teghtmeyer JR, et al.
Anti-HTLV-III
testing
of
blood
donors:
reproducibility and confirmability of commercial
test kits. Transfusion. Jul-Aug 1985;25(4):395397.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Hooper E. Experimental oral polio vaccines and
acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Philos
Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Jun 29
2001;356(1410):803-814.
Hooper E, Hamilton WD. 1959 Manchester case
of syndrome resembling AIDS. Lancet. Nov 16
1996;348(9038):1363-1365.
Hollander H. Cerebrospinal fluid normalities and
abnormalities in individuals infected with human
immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis. Oct
1988;158(4):855-858.
Hoover DR, Saah A, Bacellar H, et al. The
progression of untreated HIV-1 infection prior to
AIDS.
Am
J
Public
Health.
Nov
1992;82(11):1538-1541.
Hollinger FB. Hepatitis B vaccines--to switch or
not
to
switch.
Jama.
May
15
1987;257(19):2634-2636.
Hopkins SG, DiGiacomo RF, Evermann JF, Parish
SM, Ferrer JF. Trauma and rectal transmission of
bovine leukemia virus in cattle. J Infect Dis. Nov
1988;158(5):1133-1134.
Hollinger FB, Adam E, Heiberg D, Melnick JL.
Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in a Young
Adult Population. In: Szmuness W, Alter HJ,
Maynard JE, eds. Viral Hepatitis: 1981
International Symposium. Philadelphia: Franklin
Institute Press; 1982:451-466.
Hollins
PJ,
Hoffbrand
BI,
Haffajee
IM.
Toxoplasma encephalitis in a raw steak eater.
Postgrad Med J. Jun 1972;48(560):384-385.
Holman CD, Cameron PV, Bucens MR, Keller AJ,
Machin
J,
McNulty
JC.
Population-based
epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus
infection
in
Western
Australia.
Western
Australian AIDS Advisory Committee. Med J
Aust. Apr 3 1989;150(7):362-364, 367, 370.
Holmberg K, Meyer RD. Fungal infections in
patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex.
Scand J Infect Dis. 1986;18(3):179-192.
Holmes
CB,
Losina
E,
Walensky
RP,
Yazdanpanah Y, Freedberg KA. Review of human
immunodeficiency
virus
type
1-related
opportunistic infections in sub-Saharan Africa.
Clin Infect Dis. Mar 1 2003;36(5):652-662.
Holmes EC. When HIV spread afar. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A. Nov 20 2007;104(47):1835118352.
Holmgren B, Aaby P, Jensen H, Larsen O, da
Silva Z, Lisse IM. Increased prevalence of
retrovirus infections among older women in
Africa. Scand J Infect Dis. 1999;31(5):459-466.
Homma T, Kanki PJ, King NW, Jr., et al.
Lymphoma in macaques: association with virus
of human T lymphotrophic family. Science. Aug
17 1984;225(4663):716-718.
Hooper E. Sailors and star-bursts, and the
arrival
of
HIV.
BMJ.
Dec
20-27
1997;315(7123):1689-1691.
Hooper E. Search for the origin of HIV and AIDS.
Science. Aug 18 2000;289(5482):1140-1141.
Horne KC, Li X, Jacobson LP, et al. Duffy antigen
polymorphisms do not alter progression of HIV
in African Americans in the MACS cohort. Cell
Host Microbe. May 8 2009;5(5):415-417; author
reply 418-419.
Horner PJ, Moss FM. Tuberculosis in HIV
infection.
Int
J
STD
AIDS.
May-Jun
1991;2(3):162-167.
Horowitz LG. Polio, hepatitis B and AIDS: an
integrative theory on a possible vaccine induced
pandemic.
Med
Hypotheses.
May
2001;56(5):677-686.
Horsburgh CR, Jr., Holmberg SD. The global
distribution of human immunodeficiency virus
type 2 (HIV-2) infection. Transfusion. Mar-Apr
1988;28(2):192-195.
Hospedales J. Heterosexual
infection.
Rev
Infect
1989;11(4):663-665.
spread
Dis.
of HIV
Jul-Aug
Houn HY, Pappas AA, Walker EM, Jr. Status of
current
clinical
tests
for
human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV): applications and
limitations.
Ann
Clin
Lab
Sci.
Sep-Oct
1987;17(5):279-285.
Hourfar MK, Mayr-Wohlfart U, Themann A, et al.
Recipients potentially infected with parvovirus
B19 by red blood cell products. Transfusion. Jul
16 2010:1-8.
Hoxie JA, Haggarty BS, Bonser SE, Rackowski
JL, Shan H, Kanki PJ. Biological characterization
of
a
simian
immunodeficiency
virus-like
retrovirus (HTLV-IV): evidence for CD4associated molecules required for infection. J
Virol. Aug 1988;62(8):2557-2568.
Hoyer B, van de Velde N, Goodman M, Roberts
R. Examination of hominid evolution by DNA
sequence
homology.
Journal
of
Human
Evolution. 1972;1(6):645-649
Hrdy DB. Cultural practices contributing to the
transmission of human immunodeficiency virus
Page 43 of 109
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Bibliography
Nov-Dec
Hughes-Davies L, Spittle M. Cancer and HIV
infection. BMJ. Jun 8 1991;302(6789):1399.
Hrdy DB, Carlson JR, Friedlaender JS. Absence
of antibodies to HTLV-III on Bougainville (Papua
New
Guinea).
Med
J
Aust.
Jun
23
1986;144(13):723.
Hughes-Davies L, Spittle M. Cancer and HIV
infection_Bound to increase. BMJ. Mar 23
1991;302(6778):673-674.
in
Africa.
Rev
Infect
1987;9(6):1109-1119.
Dis.
Hsia J. False-positive ELISA for human
immunodeficiency
virus
after
influenza
vaccination. J Infect Dis. Apr 1993;167(4):989990.
Hu DJ, Dondero TJ, Rayfield MA, et al. The
emerging genetic diversity of HIV. The
importance of global surveillance for diagnostics,
research, and prevention. JAMA. Jan 17
1996;275(3):210-216.
Huang LJ, Liu CY, Chu SC, et al. Predictive value
of two commercial human immunodeficiency
virus
serological
tests
in
cases
with
indeterminate Western blot results. J Microbiol
Immunol Infect. Jun 2006;39(3):219-224.
Hudson CP. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in
Africa. Lancet. Jan 13 1996;347(8994):126;
author reply 126-127.
Hudson CP, Hennis AJ, Kataaha P, et al. Risk
factors for the spread of AIDS in rural Africa:
evidence
from
a
comparative
seroepidemiological survey of AIDS, hepatitis B
and syphilis in southwestern Uganda. Aids. Aug
1988;2(4):255-260.
Huet T, Cheynier R, Meyerhans A, Roelants G,
Wain-Hobson S. Genetic organization of a
chimpanzee lentivirus related to HIV-1. Nature.
May 24 1990;345(6273):356-359.
Hughes JF, Skaletsky H, Pyntikova T, et al.
Chimpanzee and human Y chromosomes are
remarkably divergent in structure and gene
content. Nature. Jan 28 2010;463(7280):536539.
Hughes WT. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. N
Engl J Med. Dec 22 1977;297(25):1381-1383.
Hughes WT. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis.
Chest. Jun 1984;85(6):810-813.
Hughes WT. Pneumocystis carinii versus
Pneumocystis jirovecii (jiroveci) Frenkel. Clin
Infect Dis. Apr 15 2006;42(8):1211-1212;
author reply 1212-1214.
Hughes WT, Feldman S, Aur RJ, Verzosa MS,
Hustu
HO,
Simone
JV.
Intensity
of
immunosuppressive therapy and the incidence of
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. Cancer. Dec
1975;36(6):2004-2009.
Hughes WT, Price RA, Sisko F, et al. Proteincalorie malnutrition. A host determinant for
Pneumocystis carinii infection. Am J Dis Child.
Jul 1974;128(1):44-52.
Huminer D, Rosenfeld JB, Pitlik SD. AIDS in the
pre-AIDS era. Rev Infect Dis. Nov-Dec
1987;9(6):1102-1108.
Huminer D, Rosenfeld JB, Pitlik SD. HIV infection
in 1968. JAMA. Apr 21 1989;261(15):21982199.
Hunsmann G. HTLV-III antibody positive blood
donors. Lancet. May 25 1985;1(8439):1223.
Hunsmann G, Schneider J, Bayer H, Jurkiewicz
E, Yamamoto N. Structural and epidemiological
features of primate lymphotropic retroviruses.
Princess Takamatsu Symp. 1984;15:109-118.
Hunsmann G, Schneider J, Wendler I, Fleming
AF. HTLV positivity in Africans. Lancet. Oct 26
1985;2(8461):952-953.
Hunt CW. Migrant labor and sexually transmitted
disease: AIDS in Africa. J Health Soc Behav. Dec
1989;30(4):353-373.
Hunt M. Teaming up against AIDS. New York
Times, March 2, 1986;U.S.
Hunt RD, Blake BJ, Chalifoux LV, Sehgal PK,
King NW, Letvin NL. Transmission of naturally
occurring lymphoma in macaque monkeys. Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A. Aug 1983;80(16):50855089.
Hunter DJ. AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: the
epidemiology of heterosexual transmission and
the prospects for prevention. Epidemiology. Jan
1993;4(1):63-72.
Hunter DJ, Maggwa BN, Mati JK, Tukei PM,
Mbugua
S.
Sexual
behavior,
sexually
transmitted diseases, male circumcision and risk
of HIV infection among women in Nairobi,
Kenya. AIDS. Jan 1994;8(1):93-99.
Hunter E. gp41, A Multifunctional Protein
Involved in HIV Entry and Pathogenesis: Los
Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New
Mexico; 1997.
Hunter JB, Menitove JE. HLA antibodies detected
by ELISA HTLV-III antibody kits. Lancet. Aug 17
1985;2(8451):397.
Hutt MS. Kaposi's sarcoma. Br Med Bull. Oct
1984;40(4):355-358.
Hutter G, Nowak D, Mossner M, et al. Long-term
control of HIV by CCR5 Delta32/Delta32 stemcell transplantation. N Engl J Med. Feb 12
2009;360(7):692-698.
Page 44 of 109
Bibliography
Hymes KB, Cheung T, Greene JB, et al. Kaposi's
sarcoma in homosexual men-a report of eight
cases. Lancet. Sep 19 1981;2(8247):598-600.
Ikeogu MO, Wolf B, Mathe S. Pulmonary
manifestations
in
HIV
seropositivity
and
malnutrition in Zimbabwe. Arch Dis Child. Feb
1997;76(2):124-128.
Ilaria G, Jacobs JL, Polsky B, et al. Detection of
HIV-1 DNA sequences in pre-ejaculatory fluid.
Lancet. Dec 12 1992;340(8833):1469.
Imam N, Carpenter CC, Mayer KH, Fisher A,
Stein M, Danforth SB. Hierarchical pattern of
mucosal candida infections in HIV-seropositive
women. Am J Med. Aug 1990;89(2):142-146.
Innocenti P, Sauvaigo S, Teoule R, Seigneurin
JM. Lack of HIV tat-gene amplification in blood
monocytes compared to T lymphocytes. Res
Virol. Mar-Jun 1991;142(2-3):87-93.
Inungu J, MaloneBeach E, Betts J. Male
circumcision and the risk of HIV infection. AIDS
Read. Mar 2005;15(3):130-131, 135, 138.
Isaacman SH. Positive HIV antibody test results
after treatment with hepatitis B immune
globulin. JAMA. Jul 14 1989;262(2):209.
Isaksson B, Albert J, Chiodi F, Furucrona A,
Krook A, Putkonen P. AIDS two months after
primary
human
immunodeficiency
virus
infection. J Infect Dis. Oct 1988;158(4):866868.
Ishikawa K, Tsujimoto H, Nakai M, et al.
Isolation and characterization of HIV-2 from an
AIDS
patient
in
Ghana.
AIDS.
Oct
1988;2(5):383-388.
Israel Z, Bose M, Rodrigues J, Aramkalle B,
Athalye N, Pavri KM. Absence of antibodies to
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in health
workers after hepatitis B vaccination. J Assoc
Physicians India. Feb 1988;36(2):179.
Issel CJ, McManus JM, Hagius SD, Foil LD,
Adams WV, Jr., Montelaro RC. Equine infectious
anemia: prospects for control. Dev Biol Stand.
1990;72:49-57.
Itoua-Ngaporo A. [Clinical aspects of AIDS in
Africa]. Rev Prat. Oct 11 1990;40(23):21362140.
Iweala OI. HIV diagnostic tests: an overview.
Contraception. Aug 2004;70(2):141-147.
Izopet J, Poggi C, Dussaix E, et al. Assessment
of a standardized reverse-transcriptase PCR
assay for quantifying HIV-1 RNA in plasma and
serum. J Virol Methods. Jul 1996;60(2):119129.
Jack A. Disease research funds neglect big
killers Financial Times. February 4, 2009.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Jackson GG, Perkins JT, Rubenis M, et al.
Passive
immunoneutralization
of
human
immunodeficiency
virus
in
patients
with
advanced
AIDS.
Lancet.
Sep
17
1988;2(8612):647-652.
Jackson JB, Balfour HH, Jr. Practical diagnostic
testing for human immunodeficiency virus. Clin
Microbiol Rev. Jan 1988;1(1):124-138.
Jackson JB, Parsons JS, Nichols LS, Knoble N,
Kennedy S, Piwowar EM. Detection of human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibody
by western blotting and HIV-1 DNA by PCR in
patients with AIDS. J Clin Microbiol. May
1997;35(5):1118-1121.
Jackson JB, Piwowar EM, Parsons J, et al.
Detection of (HIV-1) DNA and RNA sequences in
HIV-1 antibody-positive blood donors in Uganda
by the Roche AMPLICOR assay. J Clin Microbiol.
Apr 1997;35(4):873-876.
Jacobs RM, Smith HE, Gregory B, Valli VE,
Whetstone CA. Detection of multiple retroviral
infections in cattle and cross-reactivity of bovine
immunodeficiency-like
virus
and
human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteins using
bovine and human sera in a western blot assay.
Can J Vet Res. Oct 1992;56(4):353-359.
Jacobson IM, Dienstag JL, Zachoval R, Hanrahan
BA, Watkins E, Rubin RH. Lack of effect of
hepatitis B vaccine on T-cell phenotypes. N Engl
J Med. Oct 18 1984;311(16):1030-1032.
Jacobson LP, Kirby AJ, Polk S, et al. Changes in
survival
after
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS): 1984-1991. Am J Epidemiol.
Dec 1 1993;138(11):952-964.
Jaffar S, Wilkins A, Ngom PT, et al. Rate of
decline of percentage CD4+ cells is faster in
HIV-1 than in HIV-2 infection. J Acquir Immune
Defic
Syndr
Hum
Retrovirol.
Dec
15
1997;16(5):327-332.
Jaffe HW, Bregman DJ, Selik RM. Acquired
immune deficiency syndrome in the United
States: the first 1,000 cases. J Infect Dis. Aug
1983;148(2):339-345.
Jaffe HW, Choi K, Thomas PA, et al. National
case-control study of Kaposi's sarcoma and
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual
men: Part 1. Epidemiologic results. Ann Intern
Med. Aug 1983;99(2):145-151.
Jaffe HW, Darrow WW, Echenberg DF, et al. The
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a
cohort of homosexual men. A six-year follow-up
study. Ann Intern Med. Aug 1985;103(2):210214.
Jaffe HW, Hardy AM, Morgan WM, Darrow WW.
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in gay
Page 45 of 109
Bibliography
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
men. Ann Intern Med. Nov 1985;103(5):662664.
monkey. Cancer Res. Sep 1970;30(9):23882393.
Jaffe HW, Sarngadharan MG, DeVico AL, et al.
Infection with HTLV-III/LAV and transfusionassociated
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome. Serologic evidence of an association.
Jama. Aug 9 1985;254(6):770-773.
Jenwitheesuk E, Liu T. Single phylogenetic
reconstruction method is insufficient to clarify
relationships between patient isolates in HIV-1
transmission case' by Jenwitheesuk and Liu.
AIDS. Apr 29 2005;19(7):743-744.
Jaleco AC, Covas MJ, Pinto LA, Victorino RM.
Distinct alterations in the distribution of
CD45RO+ T-cell subsets in HIV-2 compared with
HIV-1 infection. AIDS. Dec 1994;8(12):16631668.
Jewkes R, Dunkle K, Nduna M, et al. Factors
associated with HIV sero-positivity in young,
rural South African men. Int J Epidemiol. Dec
2006;35(6):1455-1460.
Jama H, Grillner L, Biberfeld G, et al. Sexually
transmitted viral infections in various population
groups in Mogadishu, Somalia. Genitourin Med.
Oct 1987;63(5):329-332.
James JJ, Morgenstern MA, Hatten JA. HTLVIII/LAV-antibody-positive soldiers in Berlin. N
Engl J Med. Jan 2 1986;314(1):55-56.
Janoff EN, Reller LB. Cryptosporidium species, a
protean protozoan. J Clin Microbiol. Jun
1987;25(6):967-975.
Janssens W, Fransen K, Peeters M, et al.
Phylogenetic analysis of a new chimpanzee
lentivirus SIVcpz-gab2 from a wild-captured
chimpanzee from Gabon. AIDS Res Hum
Retroviruses. Sep 1994;10(9):1191-1192.
Jason JM, Evatt BL, Chorba TL, Ramsey RB.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in
hemophiliacs.
Scand
J
Haematol
Suppl.
1984;40:349-356.
Jason JM, McDougal JS, Dixon G, et al. HTLVIII/LAV antibody and immune status of
household contacts and sexual partners of
persons with hemophilia. Jama. Jan 10
1986;255(2):212-215.
Jeang KT, Chang Y, Berkhout B, Hammarskjold
ML, Rekosh D. Regulation of HIV expression:
mechanisms of action of Tat and Rev. AIDS.
1991;5 Suppl 2:S3-14.
Jenkins P, Malthouse SR, Banghan CA, Parkin
JM, Pinching AJ. AIDS: the African connection.
Br
Med
J
(Clin
Res
Ed).
Apr
27
1985;290(6477):1284-1285.
Jenkins WM, Macfarlane TW, Ferguson MM,
Mason DK. Nutritional deficiency in oral
candidosis. Int J Oral Surg. Aug 1977;6(4):204210.
Jennings C. Redefining the Size, Scope, and
Scale of the AIDS Epidemic by Forensic Review
of the Medical Literature. Cambridge, MA
January 2011.
Jensen EM, Zelljadt I, Chopra HC, Mason MM.
Isolation and propagation of a virus from a
spontaneous mammary carcinoma of a rhesus
Jilg W, Deinhardt F. Immunoprophylaxe der
Virushepatitis.
Dtsch
Med
Wochenschr.
1985;110(18):728-730.
Jilg W, Deinhardt F. Vaccination against hepatitis
B--the current situation. Infection. May-Jun
1986;14(3):100-101.
Jilg W, Delhoune C, Deinhardt F, et al. Hepatitis
B surface antigen (HBsAg) subtype-specific
antibodies in persons vaccinated against
hepatitis B. J Med Virol. 1984;13(2):171-178.
Jilg W, Schmidt M, Deinhardt F. Immune
responses to late booster doses of hepatitis B
vaccine. J Med Virol. Nov 1985;17(3):249-254.
Jilg W, Schmidt M, Deinhardt F. Vaccination
against hepatitis B: comparison of three
different vaccination schedules. J Infect Dis. Nov
1989;160(5):766-769.
Jilg W, Schmidt M, Deinhardt F. Decline of antiHBs after hepatitis B vaccination and timing of
revaccination.
Lancet.
Jan
20
1990;335(8682):173-174.
Jilg W, Schmidt M, Deinhardt F, Zachoval R.
Hepatitis B vaccination: how long does
protection
last?
Lancet.
Aug
25
1984;2(8400):458.
Jilg W, Schmidt M, Zachoval R, Deinhardt F.
[Persistence of antibodies against hepatitis B
surface antigens after vaccination against
hepatitis B]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. Feb 8
1985;110(6):205-209.
Jin MJ, Hui H, Robertson DL, et al. Mosaic
genome structure of simian immunodeficiency
virus from west African green monkeys. EMBO J.
Jun 15 1994;13(12):2935-2947.
Jindal R, Solomon M, Burrows L. False positive
tests for HIV in a woman with lupus and renal
failure.
N
Engl
J
Med.
Apr
29
1993;328(17):1281-1282.
Jochelson K, Mothibeli M, Leger JP. Human
immunodeficiency virus and migrant labor in
South Africa. Int J Health Serv. 1991;21(1):157173.
Page 46 of 109
Bibliography
John TJ, Babu PG, Jayakumari H, Simoes EA.
Prevalence of HIV infection in risk groups in
Tamilnadu,
India.
Lancet.
Jan
17
1987;1(8525):160-161.
John TJ, Ninan GT, Rajagopalan MS, et al.
Epidemic hepatitis B caused by commercial
human immunoglobulin. Lancet. May 19
1979;1(8125):1074.
Johns A. Poland: drug abuse in Eastern Europe.
Lancet. Jan 5 1991;337(8732):38-39.
Johnson AM, Laga M. Heterosexual transmission
of HIV. AIDS. 1988;2 Suppl 1:S49-56.
Johnson ES. Mortality from non-malignant
diseases among women in the meat industry. Br
J Ind Med. Jan 1987;44(1):60-63.
Johnson ES. Mortality among nonwhite men in
the meat industry. J Occup Med. Mar
1989;31(3):270-272.
Johnson ES, Fischman HR, Matanoski GM,
Diamond E. Occurrence of cancer in women in
the meat industry. Br J Ind Med. Sep
1986;43(9):597-604.
Johnson NM. Pneumonia in the acquired immune
deficiency syndrome. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed).
May 4 1985;290(6478):1299-1301.
Johnson PR, Fomsgaard A, Allan J, et al. Simian
immunodeficiency viruses from African green
monkeys display unusual genetic diversity. J
Virol. Mar 1990;64(3):1086-1092.
Johnson PR, Gravell M, Allan J, et al. Genetic
diversity among simian immunodeficiency virus
isolates from African green monkeys. J Med
Primatol. 1989;18(3-4):271-277.
Johnson PR, Hirsch VM. Pathogenesis of AIDS:
the non-human primate model. AIDS. 1991;5
Suppl 2:S43-48.
Johnson PR, Montefiori DC, Goldstein S, et al.
Inactivated whole SIV vaccine in macaques:
evaluation
of
protective
efficacy
against
challenge with cell-free virus or infected cells.
AIDS
Res
Hum
Retroviruses.
Aug
1992;8(8):1501-1505.
Johnson W. Pruritic skin eruption in the acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome: arthropod bites?
Arch Dermatol. Apr 1990;126(4):539.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Norwegian patients infected in the
Virology. Apr 28 1997;231(1):43-47.
1960s.
Jones JL, Hanson DL, Chu SY, Fleming PL, Hu
DJ, Ward JW. Surveillance of AIDS-defining
conditions in the United States. Adult/Adolescent
Spectrum of HIV Disease Project Group. AIDS.
Oct 1994;8(10):1489-1493.
Jouault T, Chapuis F, Bahraoui E, Gluckman JC.
Infection of monocytic cells by HIV1: combined
role of FcR and CD4. Res Virol. Mar-Jun
1991;142(2-3):183-188.
Julg B, Reddy S, van der Stok M, et al. Lack of
Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines: no
influence on HIV disease progression in an
African treatment-naive population. Cell Host
Microbe. May 8 2009;5(5):413-415; author
reply 418-419.
Jungkind DL, DiRenzo SA, Young SJ. Effect of
using heat-inactivated serum with the Abbott
human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III
antibody
test.
J
Clin
Microbiol.
Feb
1986;23(2):381-382.
Jupp PG, Lyons SF. Experimental assessment of
bedbugs
(Cimex
lectularius
and
Cimex
hemipterus) and mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti
formosus)
as
vectors
of
human
immunodeficiency
virus.
Aids.
Sep
1987;1(3):171-174.
Jurkiewicz E, Hunsmann G, Hayami M, Ohta Y,
Schmitz H, Schneider J. Serological and
structural comparison of immunodeficiency
viruses from man, African green monkey, rhesus
monkey and sooty mangabey. Z Naturforsch C.
May-Jun 1988;43(5-6):449-454.
Kakinuma S, Motokawa K, Hohdatsu T,
Yamamoto JK, Koyama H, Hashimoto H.
Nucleotide sequence of feline immunodeficiency
virus: classification of Japanese isolates into two
subtypes which are distinct from non-Japanese
subtypes. J Virol. Jun 1995;69(6):3639-3646.
Kaleebu P, Cheingsong-Popov R, Callow D, et al.
Comparative humoral responses to HIV-1
p24gag and gp120env in subjects from East
Africa and the UK. AIDS. Aug 1991;5(8):10151019.
Kalter SS, Heberling RL. Biohazards and simian
viruses. Bibl Haematol. 1975(40):759-769.
Johnson WE. A proviral puzzle with a prosimian
twist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Dec 23
2008;105(51):20051-20052.
Kalyanaraman VS, Sarngadharan MG, RobertGuroff M, Miyoshi I, Golde D, Gallo RC. A new
subtype of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLVII) associated with a T-cell variant of hairy cell
leukemia. Science. Nov 5 1982;218(4572):571573.
Jonassen TO, Stene-Johansen K, Berg ES, et al.
Sequence analysis of HIV-1 group O from
Kamiya Y, Mtitimila E, Broadhead R, Brabin B,
Hart CA. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in
Johnson WD, Jr., Pape JW. AIDS in Haiti.
Immunol Ser. 1989;44:65-78.
Page 47 of 109
Bibliography
Africa. Lancet. Apr 20 1996;347(9008):11141115.
Kamradt T, Niese D, Vogel F. Slim disease
(AIDS). Lancet. Dec 21-28 1985;2(846970):1425.
Kandathil AJ, Ramalingam S, Kannangai R,
David S, Sridharan G. Molecular epidemiology of
HIV. Indian J Med Res. Apr 2005;121(4):333344.
Kanki P. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2
(HIV-2). AIDS Rev. 1999;1:101-108.
Kanki P, M'Boup S, Marlink R, et al. Prevalence
and
risk
determinants
of
human
immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in
west African female prostitutes. Am J Epidemiol.
Oct 1 1992;136(7):895-907.
Kanki PJ. West African human retroviruses
related to STLV-III. Aids. Sep 1987;1(3):141145.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Kanki PJ, M'Boup S, Ricard D, et al. Human Tlymphotropic virus type 4 and the human
immunodeficiency virus in West Africa. Science.
May 15 1987;236(4803):827-831.
Kanki PJ, McLane MF, King NW, Jr., et al.
Serologic identification and characterization of a
macaque T-lymphotropic retrovirus closely
related
to
HTLV-III.
Science.
Jun
7
1985;228(4704):1199-1201.
Kanki PJ, Travers KU, S MB, et al. Slower
heterosexual spread of HIV-2 than HIV-1.
Lancet. Apr 16 1994;343(8903):943-946.
Kannagi M, Yetz JM, Letvin NL. In vitro growth
characteristics of simian T-lymphotropic virus
type III. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Oct
1985;82(20):7053-7057.
Kannangai R, Ramalingam S, Prakash KJ, et al.
Molecular
confirmation
of
human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2 in HIVseropositive subjects in south India. Clin Diagn
Lab Immunol. Nov 2000;7(6):987-989.
Kanki PJ, Allan J, Barin F, et al. Absence of
antibodies to HIV-2/HTLV-4 in six central African
nations. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Fall
1987;3(3):317-322.
Kant S, Murmu LR. HIV-positive blood donors:
can India afford to inform? Lancet. Aug 7
1993;342(8867):379.
Kanki PJ, Alroy J, Essex M. Isolation of Tlymphotropic retrovirus related to HTLV-III/LAV
from wild-caught African green monkeys.
Science. Nov 22 1985;230(4728):951-954.
Kaplan EH, Heimer R. HIV incidence among New
Haven needle exchange participants: updated
estimates from syringe tracking and testing
data. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum
Retrovirol. Oct 1 1995;10(2):175-176.
Kanki PJ, Barin F, M'Boup S, et al. New human
T-lymphotropic retrovirus related to simian Tlymphotropic virus type III (STLV-IIIAGM).
Science. Apr 11 1986;232(4747):238-243.
Karpas A, Maayan S, Raz R. Lack of antibodies
to adult T-cell leukaemia virus and to AIDS virus
in Israeli Falashas. Nature. Feb 27-Mar 5
1986;319(6056):794.
Kanki PJ, Barin F, M'Boup S, Essex M.
Relationship of simian T-lymphotropic virus type
III to human retroviruses in Africa. Antibiot
Chemother. 1987;38:21-27.
Kashala O, Marlink R, Ilunga M, et al. Infection
with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
(HIV-1) and human T cell lymphotropic viruses
among leprosy patients and contacts: correlation
between HIV-1 cross-reactivity and antibodies to
lipoarabinomannan.
J
Infect
Dis.
Feb
1994;169(2):296-304.
Kanki PJ, Eisen G, Travers KU, et al. Response:
HIV-2 and Natural Protection Against HIV-1
Infection.
Science.
Jun
28
1996;272(5270):1959b-1960b.
Kanki PJ, Hamel DJ, Sankale JL, et al. Human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes differ in
disease
progression.
J
Infect
Dis.
Jan
1999;179(1):68-73.
Kanki PJ, Hopper JR, Essex M. The origins of
HIV-1 and HTLV-4/HIV-2. Ann N Y Acad Sci.
1987;511:370-375.
Kanki PJ, Kurth R, Becker W, Dreesman G,
McLane MF, Essex M. Antibodies to simian Tlymphotropic retrovirus type III in African green
monkeys and recognition of STLV-III viral
proteins by AIDS and related sera. Lancet. Jun 8
1985;1(8441):1330-1332.
Kasolo FC, Spinks J, Bima H, Bates M, Gompels
UA. Diverse genotypes of Kaposi's sarcoma
associated herpesvirus (KSHV) identified in
infant blood infections in African childhood-KS
and HIV/AIDS endemic region. J Med Virol. Oct
2007;79(10):1555-1561.
Kassa E, Rinke de Wit TF, Hailu E, et al.
Evaluation of the World Health Organization
staging system for HIV infection and disease in
Ethiopia: association between clinical stages and
laboratory
markers.
AIDS.
Feb
25
1999;13(3):381-389.
Kassler WJ, Haley C, Jones WK, Gerber AR,
Kennedy EJ, George JR. Performance of a rapid,
on-site human immunodeficiency virus antibody
Page 48 of 109
Bibliography
assay in a public health setting. J Clin Microbiol.
Nov 1995;33(11):2899-2902.
Katlama C, Leport C, Matheron S, et al. Acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Africans.
Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 1984;64(4):379-389.
Katner HP, Pankey GA. Evidence for a EuroAmerican origin of human immunodeficiency
virus
(HIV).
J
Natl
Med
Assoc.
Oct
1987;79(10):1068-1072.
Katz LM, Dodd RY. Human herpesvirus-8: what
(not)
to
do
redux?
Transfusion.
May
2010;50(5):959-962.
Kawabata S, Miller CJ, Lehner T, et al. Induction
of Th2 cytokine expression for p27-specific IgA B
cell responses after targeted lymph node
immunization with simian immunodeficiency
virus antigens in rhesus macaques. J Infect Dis.
Jan 1998;177(1):26-33.
Kawakami T, Sherman L, Dahlberg J, et al.
Nucleotide
sequence
analysis
of
equine
infectious anemia virus proviral DNA. Virology.
Jun 1987;158(2):300-312.
Kawamura M, Ishikawa K, Mingle JA, et al.
Immunological reactivities of Ghanaian sera with
HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency
virus SIVagm. AIDS. Sep 1989;3(9):609-611.
Kawamura M, Yamazaki S, Ishikawa K, Kwofie
TB, Tsujimoto H, Hayami M. HIV-2 in west Africa
in 1966. Lancet. Feb 18 1989;1(8634):385.
Kay LA. Immunology of human skin and
susceptibility to HIV infection. Lancet. Jul 18
1987;2(8551):166.
Keele BF, Jones JH, Terio KA, et al. Increased
mortality and AIDS-like immunopathology in
wild chimpanzees infected with SIVcpz. Nature.
Jul 23 2009;460(7254):515-519.
Keele BF, Van Heuverswyn F, Li Y, et al.
Chimpanzee reservoirs of pandemic and
nonpandemic
HIV-1.
Science.
Jul
28
2006;313(5786):523-526.
Kelly DA, Hallett RJ, Saeed A, Morgan G,
Levinsky RJ, Strobel S. Prolonged survival and
late presentation of vertically transmitted HIV
infection
in
childhood.
Lancet.
Apr
4
1987;1(8536):806-807.
Kelly GE, Stanley BS, Weller IV. The natural
history of human immunodeficiency virus
infection: a five year study in a London cohort of
homosexual
men.
Genitourin
Med.
Aug
1990;66(4):238-243.
Kempf C, Jentsch P, Barre-Sinoussi FB, et al.
Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) by low pH and pepsin [ LETTER ]. J Acquir
Immune Defic Syndr. 1991;4(8):828-830.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Kempf C, Jentsch P, Poirier B, et al. Virus
inactivation during production of intravenous
immunoglobulin.
Transfusion.
Jun
1991;31(5):423-427.
Kengeya-Kayondo JF, Seeley JA, Kajura-Bajenja
E, et al. Recognition, treatment seeking
behaviour and perception of cause of malaria
among rural women in Uganda. Acta Trop. Dec
1994;58(3-4):267-273.
Kenny DF, Garsia RJ, Gatenby PA, Basten A.
Identification of biological false positives in antiHIV antibody tests. Aids. May 1987;1(1):63-64.
Kent KA. Neutralising epitopes of simian
immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein. J
Med Primatol. May 1995;24(3):145-149.
Keou FX, Belec L, Esunge PM, Cancre N,
Gresenguet G. World Health Organization clinical
case definition for AIDS in Africa: an analysis of
evaluations.
East
Afr
Med
J.
Oct
1992;69(10):550-553.
Kessler HA, Blaauw B, Spear J, Paul DA, Falk LA,
Landay A. Diagnosis of human immunodeficiency
virus infection in seronegative homosexuals
presenting with an acute viral syndrome. Jama.
Sep 4 1987;258(9):1196-1199.
Kestens L, Biggar RJ, Melbye M, Bodner AJ, De
Feyter
M,
Gigase
PL.
Absence
of
immunosuppression in healthy subjects from
eastern Zaire who are positive for HTLV-III
antibody.
N
Engl
J
Med.
Jun
6
1985;312(23):1517-1518.
Kestens L, Melbye M, Biggar RJ, et al. Endemic
African Kaposi's sarcoma is not associated with
immunodeficiency. Int J Cancer. Jul 15
1985;36(1):49-54.
Kestler HW, 3rd, Li Y, Naidu YM, et al.
Comparison of simian immunodeficiency virus
isolates. Nature. Feb 18 1988;331(6157):619622.
Khan AS, Galvin TA, Lowenstine LJ, Jennings
MB, Gardner MB, Buckler CE. A highly divergent
simian
immunodeficiency
virus
(SIVstm)
recovered from stored stump-tailed macaque
tissues. J Virol. Dec 1991;65(12):7061-7065.
Kibedi W. AIDS: an African viewpoint. Dev
Forum. Mar 1987;15(2):1, 6.
Kidan KG, Fantahun M, Azeze B. Seroprevalence
of human immunodeficiency virus infection and
its association with syphilis seropositivity among
antenatal clinic attenders at Debretabor Rural
Hospital, Ethiopia. East Afr Med J. Sep
1995;72(9):579-583.
Killewo J, Nyamuryekunge K, Sandstrom A, et
al. Prevalence of HIV-1 infection in the Kagera
Page 49 of 109
Bibliography
region of Tanzania: a population-based study.
AIDS. Nov 1990;4(11):1081-1085.
King
NW.
Simian
models
of
acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): a review.
Vet Pathol. Jul 1986;23(4):345-353.
King NW, Hunt RD, Letvin NL. Histopathologic
changes in macaques with an acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Am J
Pathol. Dec 1983;113(3):382-388.
Kirchhoff F, Jentsch KD, Stuke A, Mous J,
Hunsmann G. Genomic divergence of an HIV-2
from a German AIDS patient probably infected
in Mali. AIDS. Sep 1990;4(9):847-857.
Kitchen LW, Barin F, Sullivan JL, et al. Aetiology
of AIDS--antibodies to human T-cell leukaemia
virus (type III) in haemophiliacs. Nature. Nov
22-28 1984;312(5992):367-369.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Kloser PC, Mangia AJ, Leonard J, et al. HIV-2associated AIDS in the United States. The first
case. Arch Intern Med. Aug 1989;149(8):18751877.
Klug A. Introductory remarks. Philos Trans R Soc
Lond B Biol Sci. Jun 29 2001;356(1410):783784.
Knight SC, Macatonia SE. Effect of HIV on
antigen presentation by dendritic cells and
macrophages. Res Virol. Mar-Jun 1991;142(23):123-128.
Koblin BA, Morrison JM, Taylor PE, Stoneburner
RL, Stevens CE. Mortality trends in a cohort of
homosexual men in New York City, 1978-1988.
Am J Epidemiol. Sep 15 1992;136(6):646-656.
Koenig R. HIV infection in the Dominican
Republic. JAMA. Jul 3 1987;258(1):47.
Klarkowski DB, Wazome JM, Lokuge KM, Shanks
L, Mills CF, O'Brien DP. The evaluation of a rapid
in situ HIV confirmation test in a programme
with a high failure rate of the WHO HIV two-test
diagnostic
algorithm.
PLoS
One.
2009;4(2):e4351.
Koerper MA, Kaminsky LS, Levy JA. Differential
prevalence of antibody to AIDS-associated
retrovirus in haemophiliacs treated with Factor
VIII
concentrate
versus
cryoprecipitate:
recovery of infectious virus. Lancet. Feb 2
1985;1(8423):275.
Klatzmann D, Cavaille-Coll M, Brunet JB, et al.
Immune status of AIDS patients in France:
relationship with lymphadenopathy associated
virus tropism. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1984;437:228237.
Kohler H, Arnold W, Renschin G, Dormeyer HH,
Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH. Active hepatitis B
vaccination of dialysis patients and medical staff.
Kidney Int. Jan 1984;25(1):124-128.
Klein RS, Harris CA, Small CB, Moll B, Lesser M,
Friedland GH. Oral candidiasis in high-risk
patients as the initial manifestation of the
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J
Med. Aug 9 1984;311(6):354-358.
Kleinman S, Anton-Guirigis H, Culver BD, Taylor
TH, Prince HE, Kaplan HS. Anti-HTLV III ELISA
and Western blot testing in a blood donor
population: implications for donor notification.
Vox Sang. 1986;51(2):143-147.
Kleinman S, Busch MP, Hall L, et al. Falsepositive HIV-1 test results in a low-risk
screening setting of voluntary blood donation.
Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study. JAMA.
Sep 23-30 1998;280(12):1080-1085.
Kleinman S, Fitzpatrick L, Secord K, Wilke D.
Follow-up testing and notification of anti-HIV
Western blot atypical (indeterminant) donors.
Transfusion. May-Jun 1988;28(3):280-282.
Kline RL, Dada A, Blattner W, Quinn TC.
Diagnosis and differentiation of HIV-1 and HIV-2
infection by two rapid assays in Nigeria. J Acquir
Immune Defic Syndr. Jun 1994;7(6):623-626.
Kling HM, Shipley TW, Patil S, Morris A, Norris
KA.
Pneumocystis
colonization
in
immunocompetent and simian immunodeficiency
virus-infected cynomolgus macaques. J Infect
Dis. Jan 1 2009;199(1):89-96.
Koito A, Hattori T, Matsushita S, et al.
Conserved immunogenic region of a major core
protein
(p24)
of
human
and
simian
immunodeficiency viruses. AIDS Res Hum
Retroviruses. Dec 1988;4(6):409-417.
Kokkotou EG, Sankale JL, Mani I, et al. In vitro
correlates of HIV-2-mediated HIV-1 protection.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Jun 6
2000;97(12):6797-6802.
Kolata G. Boy's 1969 Death Suggests AIDS
invaded U.S. Several Times. New York Times,
October 28, 1987.
Kong LI, Lee SW, Kappes JC, et al. West African
HIV-2-related human retrovirus with attenuated
cytopathicity.
Science.
Jun
10
1988;240(4858):1525-1529.
KONOTEY-AHULU. Group specific component and
HIV
infection.
Lancet.
May
30
1987;1(8544):1267-1269.
Konotey-Ahulu
FI.
AIDS
in
Africa:
misinformation and disinformation. Lancet. Jul
25 1987;2(8552):206-207.
Konotey-Ahulu FI. Clinical epidemiology, not
seroepidemiology, is the answer to Africa's AIDS
problem. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). Jun 20
1987;294(6587):1593-1594.
Page 50 of 109
Bibliography
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Koprowski H. Live poliomyelitis virus vaccines.
Present status and problems for the future.
Jama. Dec 23 1961;178:1151-1155.
Kroegel C, Hess G. Routes of HIV-2 transmission
in
western
Europe.
Lancet.
May
16
1987;1(8542):1150-1151.
Koprowski H. AIDS and the polio vaccine.
Science. Aug 21 1992;257(5073):1024, 10261027, 1463.
Krogstad P. Molecular biology of the human
immunodeficiency virus: current and future
targets for intervention. Semin Pediatr Infect
Dis. Oct 2003;14(4):258-268.
Koprowski H, Jervis GA, Norton TW. Immune
responses in human volunteers upon oral
administration of a rodent-adapted strain of
poliomyelitis
virus.
Am
J
Hyg.
Jan
1952;55(1):108-124.
Krohn K, Ranki A, Lusso P, et al. Proliferative Tcell response to HIV envelope glycoprotein in
immunized and infected primates and human
beings. J Med Primatol. 1989;18(3-4):363-369.
Korber B, Loussert-Ajakai I, Blouin J, Saragosti
S. A Comparison of HIV-1 Group M and Group O
Functional and Immunogenic Domains in the
Gag p24 Protein and the C2V3 Region of the
Envelope
Protein:
Los
Alamos
National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; 1996.
Krugman S. Present status of hepatitis B vaccine
Monogr Paediatr. 1979;11:21-29.
Korber B, Muldoon M, Theiler J, et al. Timing the
ancestor of the HIV-1 pandemic strains. Science.
Jun 9 2000;288(5472):1789-1796.
Krugman S. Worldwide strategy to control
hepatitis B. J Infect. Jul 1983;7 Suppl 1:105106.
Koretz
RL.
Weight
loss
in
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome:
wasting
or
wanting
not?
Gastroenterology.
Apr
1996;110(4):1316-1317.
Krugman S, Giles JP. Viral hepatitis. New light
on
an
old
disease.
Jama.
May
11
1970;212(6):1019-1029.
Kornfeld H, Riedel N, Viglianti GA, Hirsch V,
Mullins JI. Cloning of HTLV-4 and its relation to
simian and human immunodeficiency viruses.
Nature. Apr 9-15 1987;326(6113):610-613.
Kovacs JA, Gill VJ, Meshnick S, Masur H. New
insights into transmission, diagnosis, and drug
treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
JAMA. Nov 21 2001;286(19):2450-2460.
Kpatinde F. [Prostitution and AIDS. The party
continues, the scourge advances]. Jeune Afr.
Dec 2 1987(1404):52-55.
Kramer MA, Aral SO, Curran JW. Self-reported
behavior patterns of patients attending a
sexually transmitted disease clinic. Am J Public
Health. Sep 1980;70(9):997-1000.
Krantz I, Ahlberg BM. Circumcision and HIV.
Lancet. Mar 18 1995;345(8951):730.
Krebs F, Hogan T, Quiterio S, Gartner S,
Wigdahl B. Lentiviral LTR-directed Expression,
Sequence Variation, and Disease Pathogenesis:
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos,
New Mexico; 2001. LA-UR 02-2877.
Kreiss JK, Kitchen LW, Prince HE, Kasper CK,
Essex M. Antibody to human T-lymphotropic
virus type III in wives of hemophiliacs. Evidence
for heterosexual transmission. Ann Intern Med.
May 1985;102(5):623-626.
Kreiss JK, Koech D, Plummer FA, et al. AIDS
virus infection in Nairobi prostitutes. Spread of
the epidemic to East Africa. N Engl J Med. Feb
13 1986;314(7):414-418.
Krugman S. The development of a vaccine
against hepatitis B. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl.
1983;38:9-12.
Krugman S, Giles JP. Viral hepatitis, type B (MS2-strain). Further observations on natural
history and prevention. N Engl J Med. Apr 12
1973;288(15):755-760.
Krugman S, Giles JP, Hammond J. Hepatitis
virus: effect of heat on the infectivity and
antigenicity of the MS-1 and MS-2 strains. J
Infect Dis. Nov 1970;122(5):432-436.
Krugman S, Giles JP, Hammond J. Viral
hepatitis, type B (MS-2 strain) prevention with
specific hepatitis B immune serum globulin.
JAMA. Dec 13 1971;218(11):1665-1670.
Krugman S, Giles JP, Hammond J. Viral
hepatitis, type B (MS-2 strain). Studies on active
immunization. JAMA. Jul 5 1971;217(1):41-45.
Krugman S, Holley HP, Jr., Davidson M,
Simberkoff MS, Matsaniotis N. Immunogenic
effect of inactivated hepatitis B vaccine:
comparison of 20 microgram and 40 microgram
doses. J Med Virol. 1981;8(2):119-121.
Krugman S, Overby LR, Mushahwar IK, Ling CM,
Frosner GG, Deinhardt F. Viral hepatitis, type B.
Studies on natural history and prevention reexamined.
N
Engl
J
Med.
Jan
18
1979;300(3):101-106.
Kuhnl P, Seidl S, Holzberger G. HLA DR4
antibodies cause positive HTLV-III antibody
ELISA
results.
Lancet.
May
25
1985;1(8439):1222-1223.
Kuhnl P, Seidl S, Ray V, Kulkarni AG, Mba EC,
Chandanayingyong D. Human immunodeficiency
virus antibody screening in blood donors from
Page 51 of 109
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Bibliography
Sang.
workers and animal handlers. J Med Primatol.
1989;18(3-4):167-174.
Kumar P, Hui HX, Kappes JC, et al. Molecular
characterization of an attenuated human
immunodeficiency virus type 2 isolate. J Virol.
Feb 1990;64(2):890-901.
Lal RB, Chakrabarti S, Yang C. Impact of genetic
diversity of HIV-1 on diagnosis, antiretroviral
therapy & vaccine development. Indian J Med
Res. Apr 2005;121(4):287-314.
Kuno H, Ikeda H, Takeuchi M, Yoshida T. A
simple and rapid reverse transcriptase assay for
the detection of retroviruses in cell cultures.
Cytotechnology. May 1999;29(3):221-227.
Lalleman M. Transmission du Virus HIV 1 de la
mere a L'enfant a Brazzavile (Congo). Mddecine
et
Maladies
Infectieuses.
December
1988;18(Suppl 5):787.
Kurth R, Wong-Staal F. AIDS 92/93. Virology:
overview. AIDS. 1993;7 Suppl 1:S1-2.
Lamey
B,
Melameka
N.
[Clinical
and
epidemiologic aspects of cryptococcosis in
Kinshasa. Apropos of 15 personal cases]. Med
Trop (Mars). Sep-Oct 1982;42(5):507-511.
India, Nigeria and
1987;52(3):203-205.
Thailand.
Vox
Kuvin SF. AIDS and malaria experiments.
Nature. Jan 23 1992;355(6358):305.
Kwaga
JK,
Umoh
JU,
Odoba
MB.
Cryptosporidium infections in humans with
gastroenteritis in Zaria, Nigeria. Epidemiol
Infect. Aug 1988;101(1):93-97.
Lacey CJ, Waugh MA. AIDS: an old disease from
Africa? Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). Aug 25
1984;289(6443):496.
Lackner AA, Schiodt M, Armitage GC, et al.
Mucosal epithelial cells and Langerhans cells are
targets for infection by the immunosuppressive
type D retrovirus simian AIDS retrovirus
serotype 1. J Med Primatol. 1989;18(3-4):195207.
Laco GS, Fitzgerald MC, Morris GM, Olson AJ,
Kent SB, Elder JH. Molecular analysis of the
feline
immunodeficiency
virus
protease:
generation of a novel form of the protease by
autoproteolysis and construction of cleavageresistant
proteases.
J
Virol.
Jul
1997;71(7):5505-5511.
Lafrado LJ, Dezzutti CS, Lewis MG, Olsen RG.
Immunodeficiency in latent feline leukemia virus
infections. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. May
1989;21(1):39-46.
L'Age-Stehr J, Kunze R, Koch MA. AIDS in West
Germany. Lancet. Dec 10 1983;2(8363):13701371.
Lai-Goldman M, McBride JH, Howanitz PJ,
Rodgerson DO, Miles JA, Peter JB. Presence of
HTLV-III antibodies in immune serum globulin
preparations.
Am
J
Clin
Pathol.
May
1987;87(5):635-639.
Lairmore MD, Akita GY, Russell HI, DeMartini JC.
Replication and cytopathic effects of ovine
lentivirus strains in alveolar macrophages
correlate with in vivo pathogenicity. J Virol. Dec
1987;61(12):4038-4042.
Lairmore MD, Kaplan JE, Daniel MD, et al.
Guidelines for the prevention of simian
immunodeficiency virus infection in laboratory
Lampe AS, Pieterse-Bruins HJ, Egter van
Wissekerke JC. Wearing gloves as cause of
false-negative HIV tests. Lancet. Nov 12
1988;2(8620):1140-1141.
Lamptey
PR.
Reducing
heterosexual
transmission of HIV in poor countries. BMJ. Jan
26 2002;324(7331):207-211.
Landesman SH, Vieira J. Acquired immune
deficiency syndrome (AIDS). A review. Arch
Intern Med. Dec 1983;143(12):2307-2309.
Lange J, Goudsmit J. Decline of antibody
reactivity to HIV core protein secondary to
increased production of HIV antigen. Lancet. Feb
21 1987;1(8530):448.
Lange JM, Parry JV, de Wolf F, Mortimer PP,
Goudsmit J. Diagnostic value of specific IgM
antibodies in primary HIV infection. Aids. Feb
1988;2(1):31-35.
Lange JM, van den Berg H, Dooren LJ, Vossen
JM, Kuis W, Goudsmit J. HTLV-III/LAV infection
in nine children infected by a single plasma
donor: clinical outcome and recognition patterns
of
viral
proteins.
J
Infect
Dis.
Jul
1986;154(1):171-174.
Lange WR. HIV infection in the Dominican
Republic. JAMA. Jul 3 1987;258(1):46-47.
Lange WR, Jaffe JH. AIDS in Haiti. N Engl J Med.
May 28 1987;316(22):1409-1410.
Langedijk JP, Vos WF, van Doornum GJ, Rotman
HA, Meloen RH, Huisman JG. Identification of
cross-reactive epitopes recognized by HIV-1
false-positive sera. AIDS. Dec 1992;6(12):15471548.
Langer G. Discordance between sexual behavior
and self-reported sexual identity. Ann Intern
Med. Apr 3 2007;146(7):539; author reply 540531.
Lantin JP, Graf I, Frei PC. Serological diagnosis
of HIV infection: incidence, outcome and
significance of partial reactions found in western
Page 52 of 109
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Bibliography
blot
analysis.
Clin
1989;76(3):332-336.
Exp
Immunol.
Jun
Laplanche A, Courouce AM, Benhamou E,
Jungers P, Crosnier J. Responses to hepatitis B
vaccine. Lancet. Jan 23 1982;1(8265):222.
Larke N. Male circumcision, HIV and sexually
transmitted infections: a review. Br J Nurs. May
27-Jun 9 2010;19(10):629-634.
Larke RP, Bouchard SA, Buchner BK, Derrick JB,
McSheffrey JB, Vas SI. Hepatitis B and the
dental profession: response to hepatitis B
vaccine in Canadian dental personnel. A study
by the Canadian Red Cross Collaborative Group.
J Infect. Jul 1983;7 Suppl 1:27-33.
Larouze B, Schaffar-Deshayes L, Blesonski S, et
al. Antibodies to HTLV-I p24 in African and
Portuguese populations. Cancer Res. Sep
1985;45(9 Suppl):4630s-4632s.
Larson A. The social epidemiology of Africa's
AIDS epidemic. Journal of the Royal African
Society 1990;89:5–27.
Larson E. Effects of handwashing agent,
handwashing frequency, and clinical area on
hand flora. Am J Infect Control. Apr
1984;12(2):76-82.
Lasky LA, Groopman JE, Fennie CW, et al.
Neutralization of the AIDS retrovirus by
antibodies
to
a
recombinant
envelope
glycoprotein.
Science.
Jul
11
1986;233(4760):209-212.
Laub R, Strengers P. Parvoviruses and blood
products.
Pathol
Biol
(Paris).
Jun
2002;50(5):339-348.
Laurence J. Update: HIV-1 gene nomenclature.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Dec 1988;4(6):viiviii.
Laurence
J,
Saunders
A,
Kulkosky
J.
Characterization and clinical association of
antibody inhibitory to HIV reverse transcriptase
activity. Science. Mar 20 1987;235(4795):15011504.
Lawrence DN, Jason JM, Bouhasin JD, et al.
HTLV-III/LAV antibody status of spouses and
household contacts assisting in home infusion of
hemophilia
patients.
Blood.
Sep
1985;66(3):703-705.
Lazzarin A, Uberti Foppa C, Crocchiolo P, Verani
P, Varnier O, Salvi D. Risk of HIV-related
diseases in heterosexuals importing infection
from Zaire. Eur J Epidemiol. Mar 1988;4(1):131132.
Le Guenno B, Jean P, Peghini M, et al.
Increasing HIV-2-associated AIDS in Senegal.
Lancet. Oct 24 1987;2(8565):972-973.
Le Guenno BM, Barabe P, Griffet PA, et al. HIV-2
and HIV-1 AIDS cases in Senegal: clinical
patterns and immunological perturbations. J
Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1991;4(4):421427.
Leal E, Villanova FE. Diversity of HIV-1 subtype
B: implications to the origin of BF recombinants.
PLoS One. 2010
LeBlanc RP, Simard M, Flegel KM, Gilmore NJ.
Opportunistic infections and acquired cellular
immune deficiency among Haitian immigrants in
Montreal.
Can
Med
Assoc
J.
Dec
1
1983;129(11):1205-1209.
Leclerc-Madlala S. Transactional Sex and the
Pursuit
of
Modernity.
Social
Dynamics.
2003;29(2):213-233.
Lee CA, Webster A, Griffiths PD, Kernoff PB.
Symptomless HIV infection after more than ten
years. Lancet. Feb 17 1990;335(8686):425-426.
Lee DA, Eby WC, Molinaro GA. HIV false
positivity after hepatitis B vaccination. Lancet.
Apr 25 1992;339(8800):1060.
Lee GC, Hwang LY, Beasley RP, Chen SH, Lee
TY. Immunogenicity of hepatitis B virus vaccine
in healthy Chinese neonates. J Infect Dis. Sep
1983;148(3):526-529.
Lee JH, Hong KJ, Wang JS, Kim SS, Kee MK.
Estimation of hospital-based HIV seroprevalence
as a nationwide scale by novel method; 20022008 in Korea. BMC Public Health.10:739.
Lee TH, Coligan JE, Essex M. Human T-cell
leukemia virus specific antigens. Princess
Takamatsu Symp. 1984;15:197-203.
Lee TH, Coligan JE, Homma T, McLane MF,
Tachibana N, Essex M. Human T-cell leukemia
virus-associated membrane antigens: identity of
the major antigens recognized after virus
infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Jun
1984;81(12):3856-3860.
Leendertz FH, Boesch C, Junglen S, Pauli G,
Ellerbrok H. Characterization of a new simian Tlymphocyte virus type 1 (STLV-1) in a wild living
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) from Ivory
Coast: evidence of a new STLV-1 group? AIDS
Res Hum Retroviruses. Mar 2003;19(3):255258.
Leentvaar-Kuijpers A, Dekker MM, Coutinho RA,
Dekker EE, Keeman JN, Ansink-Schipper MC.
Needlestick injuries, surgeons, and HIV risks.
Lancet. Mar 3 1990;335(8688):546-547.
Lefrere JJ, Courouce AM, Lucotte G, et al.
Follow-up of subjects with isolated and
persistent anti-core (anti-p24 or anti-p17)
Page 53 of 109
Bibliography
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
antibodies to HIV. Aids. Aug 1988;2(4):287290.
lupus erythematosus]. Salud Publica Mex. JanFeb 1990;32(1):15-19.
Lefrere JJ, Eme D, Even P, et al. HIV infection
and Gc: absence of relationship. AIDS. Dec
1987;1(4):258-259.
Leonidas JR. AIDS and the alleged Haitian
connection.
N
Y
State
J
Med.
Nov
1985;85(11):664.
Leitner T, Dazza MC, Ekwalanga M, Apetrei C,
Saragosti
S.
Sequence
diversity
among
chimpanzee simian immunodeficiency viruses
(SIVcpz) suggests that SIVcpzPts was derived
from SIVcpzPtt through additional recombination
events. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Sep
2007;23(9):1114-1118.
Leonidas JR, Hyppolite N. Haiti and the acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med.
Jun 1983;98(6):1020-1021.
Leitner T, Korber K, Robertson D, Gao F, Hahn
B. Updated Proposal of Reference Sequences of
HIV-1 Genetic Subtypes: Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; 1997.
Lejon V, Ngoyi DM, Ilunga M, et al. Low
specificities of HIV diagnostic tests caused by
Trypanosoma
brucei
gambiense
sleeping
sickness. J Clin Microbiol. Aug 2010;48(8):28362839.
Lelie PN, Reesink HW, de Jong-van Manen ST,
Dees
PJ,
Reerink-Brongers
EE.
Immune
response to a heat-inactivated hepatitis B
vaccine in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Enhancement of the response by increasing the
dose of hepatitis B surface antigen from 3 to 27
micrograms.
Arch
Intern
Med.
Feb
1985;145(2):305-309.
Lelie PN, Reesink HW, Huisman H. Evaluation of
three second-generation and three confirmatory
assays
for
antibodies
to
human
immunodeficiency
virus.
Vox
Sang.
1988;54(2):84-91.
Lemey P, Pybus OG, Rambaut A, et al. The
molecular population genetics of HIV-1 group O.
Genetics. Jul 2004;167(3):1059-1068.
Lemey P, Pybus OG, Wang B, Saksena NK,
Salemi M, Vandamme AM. Tracing the origin and
history of the HIV-2 epidemic. Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A. May 27 2003;100(11):6588-6592.
Lemon
SM,
Scott
RM,
Bancroft
WH.
Subcutaneous administration of inactivated
hepatitis B vaccine by automatic jet injection. J
Med Virol. 1983;12(2):129-136.
Lepage P, Van de Perre P. Nosocomial
transmission of HIV in Africa: what tribute is
paid to contaminated blood transfusions and
medical
injections?
Infect
Control
Hosp
Epidemiol. May 1988;9(5):200-203.
Lepage P, Van de Perre P, Carael M, et al.
Postnatal transmission of HIV from mother to
child. Lancet. Aug 15 1987;2(8555):400.
Lepage P, van de Perre P, Dabis F, et al.
Evaluation and simplification of the World Health
Organization clinical case definition for paediatric
AIDS. AIDS. Apr 1989;3(4):221-225.
Lerche NW, Henrickson RV, Maul DH, Gardner
MB. Epidemiologic aspects of an outbreak of
acquired immunodeficiency in rhesus monkeys
(Macaca
mulatta).
Lab
Anim
Sci.
Apr
1984;34(2):146-150.
Lerche NW, Switzer WM, Yee JL, et al. Evidence
of infection with simian type D retrovirus in
persons occupationally exposed to nonhuman
primates. J Virol. Feb 2001;75(4):1783-1789.
Leroux C, Cruz JC, Mornex JF. SRLVs: a genetic
continuum of lentiviral species in sheep and
goats with cumulative evidence of cross species
transmission. Curr HIV Res. Jan 2010;8(1):94100.
Lesbordes JL, Martin PM, Ravisse P, GeorgesCourbot
MC,
Georges
AJ.
Clinical
and
histopathological aspects of Kaposi's sarcoma in
Africa: relationship with HIV serology. Ann Inst
Pasteur Virol. Apr-Jun 1988;139(2):197-203.
Letvin NL, Aldrich WR, King NW, Blake BJ, Daniel
MD, Hunt RD. Experimental transmission of
macaque AIDS by means of inoculation of
macaque lymphoma tissue. Lancet. Sep 10
1983;2(8350):599-602.
Lemp GF, Payne SF, Neal D, Temelso T,
Rutherford GW. Survival trends for patients with
AIDS. JAMA. Jan 19 1990;263(3):402-406.
Letvin NL, Daniel MD, Sehgal PK, et al.
Experimental infection of rhesus monkeys with
type D retrovirus. J Virol. Nov 1984;52(2):683686.
Lena P, Luciw P. Simian immunodeficiency virus
in kidney cell cultures from highly infected
rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Philos Trans
R
Soc
Lond
B
Biol
Sci.
Jun
29
2001;356(1410):845-847.
Letvin NL, Daniel MD, Sehgal PK, et al. Induction
of AIDS-like disease in macaque monkeys with
T-cell tropic retrovirus STLV-III. Science. Oct 4
1985;230(4721):71-73.
Leo-Amador GE, Ramirez-Rodriguez JM, GalvanVillegas F, Perla-Navarro AV. [Antibodies against
human immunodeficiency virus in generalized
Letvin NL, Eaton KA, Aldrich WR, et al. Acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome in a colony of
Page 54 of 109
Bibliography
macaque monkeys. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
May 1983;80(9):2718-2722.
Letvin NL, Hunt RD. An acquired immune
deficiency syndrome of macaque monkeys. Ann
N Y Acad Sci. 1984;437:121-130.
Letvin NL, King NW. Clinical and pathologic
features of an acquired immune deficiency
syndrome (AIDS) in macaque monkeys. Adv Vet
Sci Comp Med. 1984;28:237-265.
Levine AS. The epidemic of acquired immune
dysfunction in homosexual men and its
sequelae--opportunistic
infections,
Kaposi's
sarcoma, and other malignancies: an update
and interpretation. Cancer Treat Rep. Jun
1982;66(6):1391-1395.
Levine PH. The acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome in persons with hemophilia. Ann
Intern Med. Nov 1985;103(5):723-726.
Levine WC, Pope V, Bhoomkar A, et al. Increase
in endocervical CD4 lymphocytes among women
with
nonulcerative
sexually
transmitted
diseases. J Infect Dis. Jan 1998;177(1):167174.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Li WH, Saunders MA. News and views: the
chimpanzee
and
us.
Nature.
Sep
1
2005;437(7055):50-51.
Li Y, Naidu Y, Fultz P, Daniel MD, Desrosiers RC.
Genetic diversity of simian immunodeficiency
virus. J Med Primatol. 1989;18(3-4):261-269.
Liautaud B, Laroche C, Duvivier J, PeanGuichard C. [Kaposi's sarcoma in Haiti: unknown
reservoir or a recent appearance?]. Ann
Dermatol Venereol. 1983;110(3):213-219.
Liautaud B, Pape J, Pamphile M. Le SIDA dans
les caraibes Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses.
December 1988;18(Suppl 5):687-697.
Liautaud B, Pape JW, DeHovitz JA, et al. Pruritic
skin lesions. A common initial presentation of
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch
Dermatol. May 1989;125(5):629-632.
Lifson AR, Darrow WW, Hessol NA, et
Kaposi's sarcoma in a cohort of homosexual
bisexual men. Epidemiology and analysis
cofactors.
Am
J
Epidemiol.
1990;131(2):221-231.
al.
and
for
Feb
Levy JA, Cheng-Mayer C, Dina D, Luciw PA.
AIDS retrovirus (ARV-2) clone replicates in
transfected human and animal fibroblasts.
Science. May 23 1986;232(4753):998-1001.
Lifson AR, Hilton JF, Westenhouse JL, et al. Time
from HIV seroconversion to oral candidiasis or
hairy leukoplakia among homosexual and
bisexual men enrolled in three prospective
cohorts. AIDS. Jan 1994;8(1):73-79.
Levy JA, Pan LZ, Beth-Giraldo E, et al. Absence
of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency
virus in sera from Africa prior to 1975. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A. Oct 1986;83(20):7935-7937.
Lifson AR, Rutherford GW, Jaffe HW. The natural
history of human immunodeficiency virus
infection. J Infect Dis. Dec 1988;158(6):13601367.
Levy RM, Janssen RS, Bush TJ, Rosenblum ML.
Neuroepidemiology
of
acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome. J Acquir Immune
Defic Syndr. 1988;1(1):31-40.
Liitsola K, Holmstrom P, Laukkanen T, BrummerKorvenkontio H, Leinikki P, Salminen MO.
Analysis of HIV-1 genetic subtypes in Finland
reveals good correlation between molecular and
epidemiological data. Scand J Infect Dis.
2000;32(5):475-480.
Lewis MG, Zack PM, Elkins WR, Jahrling PB.
Infection of rhesus and cynomolgus macaques
with a rapidly fatal SIV (SIVSMM/PBj) isolate
from sooty mangabeys. AIDS Res Hum
Retroviruses. Sep 1992;8(9):1631-1639.
Lewis P, Nduati R, Kreiss JK, et al. Cell-free
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in breast
milk. J Infect Dis. Jan 1998;177(1):34-39.
Leynaert B, Downs AM, de Vincenzi I.
Heterosexual
transmission
of
human
immunodeficiency virus: variability of infectivity
throughout the course of infection. European
Study Group on Heterosexual Transmission of
HIV. Am J Epidemiol. Jul 1 1998;148(1):88-96.
Li SL, Kaaya EE, Feichtinger H, et al.
Monocyte/macrophage giant cell disease in SIVinfected cynomolgus monkeys. Res Virol. MarJun 1991;142(2-3):173-182.
Limper AH. Pneumocystis nomenclature. Clin
Infect Dis. Apr 15 2006;42(8):1210-1211;
author reply 1212-1214.
Lindboe CF, Froland SS, Wefring KW, et al.
Autopsy findings in three family members with a
presumably
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome of unknown etiology. Acta Pathol
Microbiol
Immunol
Scand
A.
Mar
1986;94(2):117-123.
Ling B, Apetrei C, Pandrea I, et al. Classic AIDS
in a sooty mangabey after an 18-year natural
infection. J Virol. Aug 2004;78(16):8902-8908.
Lisse IM, Poulsen AG, Aaby P, Knudsen K, Dias
F. Serial CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte counts and
associated mortality in an HIV-2-infected
population in Guinea-Bissau. J Acquir Immune
Defic
Syndr
Hum
Retrovirol.
Dec
1
1996;13(4):355-362.
Page 55 of 109
Bibliography
Lisse IM, Poulsen AG, Aaby P, et al.
Immunodeficiency
in
HIV-2
infection:
a
community study from Guinea-Bissau. AIDS.
Dec 1990;4(12):1263-1266.
Liu W, Worobey M, Li Y, et al. Molecular ecology
and natural history of simian foamy virus
infection in wild-living chimpanzees. PLoS
Pathog. Jul 2008;4(7):e1000097.
Lo B, Steinbrook RL, Cooke M, Coates TJ,
Walters EJ, Hulley SB. Voluntary screening for
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
Weighing the benefits and harms. Ann Intern
Med. May 1 1989;110(9):727-733.
Locatelli S, Liegeois F, Lafay B, et al. Prevalence
and
genetic
diversity
of
simian
immunodeficiency virus infection in wild-living
red colobus monkeys (Piliocolobus badius
badius) from the Tai forest, Cote d'Ivoire SIVwrc
in wild-living western red colobus monkeys.
Infect Genet Evol. Jan 2008;8(1):1-14.
Lodi S, Guiguet M, Costagliola D, Fisher M, de
Luca A, Porter K. Kaposi sarcoma incidence and
survival among HIV-infected homosexual men
after HIV seroconversion. J Natl Cancer Inst. Jun
2 2010;102(11):784-792.
London WT. Epidemiologic lessons from viral
hepatitis B. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1984;437:100105.
London WT, Sever JL, Madden DL, et al.
Experimental transmission of simian acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome
(SAIDS)
and
Kaposi-like skin lesions. Lancet. Oct 15
1983;2(8355):869-873.
Lopez-Jimenez J, Odriozola J, Perez-Oteyza J,
Garcia-Larana J. Hepatitis C and immune
globulin.
N
Engl
J
Med.
May
4
1995;332(18):1235-1236.
Louie B, Wong E, Klausner JD, et al. Assessment
of rapid tests for detection of human
immunodeficiency virus-specific antibodies in
recently infected individuals. J Clin Microbiol. Apr
2008;46(4):1494-1497.
LOVEDAY C, HOFFMAN PN, COOKSON BD,
QUINN N, TORRE D. HIV disease and sport.
Lancet. Jun 23 1990;335(8704):1532.
Low-Beer D. The distribution of early acquired
immune
deficiency
syndrome
cases
and
conditions for the establishment of new
epidemics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.
Jun 29 2001;356(1410):927-931.
Lowenstine LJ, Pedersen NC, Higgins J, et al.
Seroepidemiologic survey of captive Old-World
primates for antibodies to human and simian
retroviruses, and isolation of a lentivirus from
sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys). Int J
Cancer. Oct 15 1986;38(4):563-574.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Lucas S, De Cock KM. Disease in children with
HIV infection in Abidjan [ LETTER ]. British
Medical Journal. May 18 1996;312:1302-1303.
Lucas SB. AIDS in Africa--clinicopathological
aspects. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg.
1988;82(6):801-802.
Lucas SB. Missing infections in AIDS. Trans R
Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1990;84 Suppl 1:34-38.
Lucas SB, De Cock KM, Hounnou A, et al.
Contribution of tuberculosis to slim disease in
Africa BMJ. Jun 11 1994;308(6943):1531-1533.
Lucas SB, De Cock KM, Peacock C, Diomande M,
Kadio A. Effect of HIV infection on the incidence
of lymphoma in Africa. East Afr Med J. May
1996;73(5 Suppl):S29-30.
Lucas SB, Fine PE, Sterne JA, et al. Infection
with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
among leprosy patients in Zaire. J Infect Dis.
Feb 1995;171(2):502-504.
Lucas SB, Hounnou A, Koffi K, Beaumel A,
Andoh J, De Cock KM. Pathology of paediatric
human immunodeficiency virus infections in
Cote d'Ivoire. East Afr Med J. May 1996;73(5
Suppl):S7-8.
Lucas SB, Hounnou A, Peacock C, et al. The
mortality and pathology of HIV infection in a
west African city. AIDS. Dec 1993;7(12):15691579.
Lucas SB, Peacock CS, Hounnou A, et al.
Disease in children infected with HIV in Abidjan,
Cote
d'Ivoire.
Bmj.
Feb
10
1996;312(7027):335-338.
Luckay A, Chen Z, Sodora DL, et al. Human
immunodeficiency
virus
type
2
(HIV-2)
seroprevalence and characterization of a distinct
HIV-2 genetic subtype from the natural range of
simian immunodeficiency virus-infected sooty
mangabeys. J Virol. May 1997;71(5):39533960.
Ludlam CA. AIDS: the alternative view. Lancet.
Jun 20 1992;339(8808):1547-1548.
Ludlam CA, Tucker J, Steel CM, et al. Human Tlymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection
in seronegative haemophiliacs after transfusion
of factor VIII. Lancet. Aug 3 1985;2(8449):233236.
Luft S, Seme K, Poljak M. Laboratory diagnosis
of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Acta
Dermatoven APA. 2004;13(2):43-49.
Lui KJ, Darrow WW, Rutherford GW, 3rd. A
model-based estimate of the mean incubation
period for AIDS in homosexual men. Science.
Jun 3 1988;240(4857):1333-1335.
Page 56 of 109
Bibliography
Lui KJ, Lawrence DN, Morgan WM, Peterman TA,
Haverkos HW, Bregman DJ. A model-based
approach for estimating the mean incubation
period
of
transfusion-associated
acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A. May 1986.
Lusso P, di Marzo Veronese F, Ensoli B, et al.
Expanded HIV-1 cellular tropism by phenotypic
mixing with murine endogenous retroviruses.
Science. Feb 16 1990;247(4944):848-852.
Lusso P, Di Marzo Veronese F, Ensoli B, et al. In
Reply: Pseudotypes in HIV-Infected Mice.
Science. Nov 23 1990;250(4984):1153-1154.
Lutz H. Feline retroviruses: a brief review. Vet
Microbiol. Jun 1990;23(1-4):131-146.
Lwanda J. HIV funding: debate misses the point.
BMJ. Mar 3 2007;334(7591):439.
Ly TD, Martin L, Daghfal D, et al. Seven human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigen-antibody
combination
assays:
evaluation
of
HIV
seroconversion
sensitivity
and
subtype
detection.
J
Clin
Microbiol.
Sep
2001;39(9):3122-3128.
Lyamuya EF, Matee MI, Kasubi M, Scheutz F.
Immunoglobulin profile in HIV-1 infected
children in Dar es Salaam. East Afr Med J. Jul
1999;76(7):370-375.
Lynch RM, Shen T, Gnanakaran S, Derdeyn CA.
Appreciating HIV type 1 diversity: subtype
differences in Env. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses.
Mar 2009;25(3):237-248.
Lyons HA, Vinijchaikul K, Hennigar GR.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia unassociated
with other disease. Clinical and pathological
studies. Arch Intern Med. Dec 1961;108:929936.
Lyons SF, Clausen L, Schoub BD. HIV-2-induced
AIDS
in
southern
Africa.
AIDS.
Oct
1988;2(5):406-407.
Lyons SF, Jupp PG, Schoub BD. Survival of HIV
in the common bedbug. Lancet. Jul 5
1986;2(8497):45.
Lyons SF, McGillivray GM, Coppin AP, Schoub
BD. Limitations of enzyme immunoassay tests
for detection of HTLV-III/LAV antibodies. S Afr
Med J. Oct 12 1985;68(8):575-576.
Lyons SF, Schoub BD, McGillivray GM, Sher R.
Sero-epidemiology of HTLV-III antibody in
southern Africa. S Afr Med J. Jun 15
1985;67(24):961-962.
Lyons SF, Schoub BD, McGillivray GM, Sher R,
Dos Santos L. Lack of evidence of HTLV-III
endemicity in southern Africa. N Engl J Med. May
9 1985;312(19):1257-1258.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Mabey DC, Tedder RS, Hughes AS, et al. Human
retroviral infections in The Gambia: prevalence
and clinical features. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). Jan
9 1988;296(6615):83-86.
Mac Kenzie WR, Davis JP, Peterson DE, Hibbard
AJ, Becker G, Zarvan BS. Multiple false-positive
serologic tests for HIV, HTLV-1, and hepatitis C
following influenza vaccination, 1991. JAMA. Aug
26 1992;268(8):1015-1017.
Macek C. AIDS transmission: what about the
hepatitis
B
vaccine?
Jama.
Feb
11
1983;249(6):685-686.
MacNeil A, Sarr AD, Sankale JL, Meloni ST,
Mboup S, Kanki P. Direct evidence of lower viral
replication
rates
in
vivo
in
human
immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infection
than in HIV-1 infection. J Virol. May
2007;81(10):5325-5330.
Macqueen KM. The epidemiology of HIV
transmission: trends, structure and dynamics.
Annu Rev Anthropol. 1994;23:509-526.
Madden DL, Tzan NR, Roman GC, et al. HIV and
HTLV-I antibody studies: pregnant women in the
1960s, patients with AIDS, homosexuals, and
individuals with tropical spastic paraparesis. Yale
J Biol Med. Nov-Dec 1987;60(6):569-574.
Maddon PJ, Dalgleish AG, McDougal JS, Clapham
PR, Weiss RA, Axel R. The T4 gene encodes the
AIDS virus receptor and is expressed in the
immune system and the brain. Cell. Nov 7
1986;47(3):333-348.
Madhi SA, Cutland C, Ismail K, O'Reilly C,
Mancha A, Klugman KP. Ineffectiveness of
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis and
the importance of bacterial and viral coinfections
in African children with Pneumocystis carinii
pneumonia.
Clin
Infect
Dis.
Nov
1
2002;35(9):1120-1126.
Madhi SA, Petersen K, Madhi A, Khoosal M,
Klugman KP. Increased disease burden and
antibiotic resistance of bacteria causing severe
community-acquired lower respiratory tract
infections in human immunodeficiency virus type
1-infected children. Clin Infect Dis. Jul
2000;31(1):170-176.
Madhok R, Forbes CD. HIV-1 infection in
haemophilia. Baillieres Clin Haematol. Jan
1990;3(1):79-101.
Mahe C, Kaleebu P, Ojwiya A, Whitworth JA.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Western
blot: revised diagnostic criteria with fewer
indeterminate results for epidemiological studies
in Africa. Int J Epidemiol. Oct 2002;31(5):985990.
Page 57 of 109
Bibliography
Maher D. Tuberculosis is important problem in
children with HIV infection in sub-Saharan
Africa. Bmj. Aug 31 1996;313(7056):562-563.
Mahieux R, Horal P, Mauclere P, et al. Human Tcell lymphotropic virus type 1 gag indeterminate
western blot patterns in Central Africa:
relationship to Plasmodium falciparum infection.
J Clin Microbiol. Nov 2000;38(11):4049-4057.
Mahomed AG, Murray J, Klempman S, et al.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV infected
patients from South Africa. East Afr Med J. Feb
1999;76(2):80-84.
Makubalo L, Netshidzivhani P, Mahlasela L, du
Plessis R. National HIV and Syphilis Antenatal
Sero-Prevalence Survey in South Africa 2003
2004.
Malamba SS, Wagner HU, Maude G, et al. Risk
factors for HIV-1 infection in adults in a rural
Ugandan community: a case-control study.
AIDS. Feb 1994;8(2):253-257.
Malan R. AIDS In Africa: In Search of the Truth.
Rolling Stone; November 22, 2001:70, 71, 72,
74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 82, 100, 102.
Malebranche R, Arnoux E, Guerin JM, et al.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with
severe gastrointestinal manifestations in Haiti.
Lancet. Oct 15 1983;2(8355):873-878.
Malin A. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in
Africa. Lancet. Jan 13 1996;347(8994):126;
author reply 126-127.
Malin AS, Gwanzura LK, Klein S, Robertson VJ,
Musvaire P, Mason PR. Pneumocystis carinii
pneumonia in Zimbabwe. Lancet. Nov 11
1995;346(8985):1258-1261.
Malnick SD. HIV-associated diarrhoea and
wasting. Lancet. Nov 11 1995;346(8985):1304.
Malope BI, MacPhail P, Mbisa G, et al. No
evidence of sexual transmission of Kaposi's
sarcoma herpes virus in a heterosexual South
African
population.
AIDS.
Feb
19
2008;22(4):519-526.
Mancuso R, Biffi R, Valli M, et al. HHV8 a
subtype is associated with rapidly evolving
classic Kaposi's sarcoma. J Med Virol. Dec
2008;80(12):2153-2160.
Mandelbrot L, Heard I, Henrion-Geant E, Henrion
R. Natural conception in HIV-negative women
with HIV-infected partners. Lancet. Mar 22
1997;349(9055):850-851.
Mangla B. India: HIV-positive blood donors.
Lancet. Jun 12 1993;341(8859):1527-1528.
Mann J, Quinn TC, Piot P, et al. Condom use and
HIV infection among prostitutes in Zaire. N Engl
J Med. Feb 5 1987;316(6):345.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Mann J, Snider DE, Jr., Francis H, et al.
Association between HTLV-III/LAV infection and
tuberculosis
in
Zaire.
JAMA.
Jul
18
1986;256(3):346.
Mann JM, Bila K, Colebunders RL, et al. Natural
history of human immunodeficiency virus
infection
in
Zaire.
Lancet.
Sep
27
1986;2(8509):707-709.
Mann JM, Francis H, Davachi F, et al. Human
immunodeficiency
virus
seroprevalence
in
pediatric patients 2 to 14 years of age at Mama
Yemo Hospital, Kinshasa, Zaire. Pediatrics. Oct
1986;78(4):673-677.
Mann JM, Francis H, Davachi F, et al. Risk
factors for human immunodeficiency virus
seropositivity among children 1-24 months old
in
Kinshasa,
Zaire.
Lancet.
Sep
20
1986;2(8508):654-657.
Mann JM, Francis H, Quinn T, et al. Surveillance
for AIDS in a central African city. Kinshasa,
Zaire. Jama. Jun 20 1986;255(23):3255-3259.
Mann JM, Francis H, Quinn TC, et al. HIV
seroprevalence among hospital workers in
Kinshasa, Zaire. Lack of association with
occupational
exposure.
JAMA.
Dec
12
1986;256(22):3099-3102.
Mann JM, Francis H, Quinn TC, et al. HIV
seroincidence in a hospital worker population:
Kinshasa, Zaire. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. Sep
1986;66(3):245-250.
Mann JM, Nzilambi N, Piot P, et al. HIV infection
and associated risk factors in female prostitutes
in Kinshasa, Zaire. Aids. Aug 1988;2(4):249254.
Mann JM, Quinn TC, Francis H, et al. Prevalence
of HTLV-III/LAV in household contacts of
patients with confirmed AIDS and controls in
Kinshasa, Zaire. Jama. Aug 8 1986;256(6):721724.
Mansfield KG, Lerch NW, Gardner MB, Lackner
AA. Origins of simian immunodeficiency virus
infection in macaques at the New England
Regional Primate Research Center. J Med
Primatol. May 1995;24(3):116-122.
Mansson F, Alves A, Silva ZJ, et al. Trends of
HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence among pregnant
women in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa: possible
effect of the civil war 1998 1999. Sex Transm
Infect. Oct 2007;83(6):463-467.
Mansson F, Biague A, da Silva ZJ, et al.
Prevalence and incidence of HIV-1 and HIV-2
before, during and after a civil war in an
occupational cohort in Guinea-Bissau, West
Africa. AIDS. Jul 31 2009;23(12):1575-1582.
Marcus R. Surveillance of health care workers
exposed to blood from patients infected with the
Page 58 of 109
Bibliography
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med.
Oct 27 1988;319(17):1118-1123.
Martin M, Weiss RA. AIDS 1989. Virology:
overview. AIDS. 1989;3 Suppl 1:S3-4.
Marino S, Kirschner DE. The human immune
response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in lung
and lymph node. J Theor Biol. Apr 21
2004;227(4):463-486.
Martin PW, Burger DR, Caouette S, Goldstein
AS, Peetoom F. Importance of confirmatory tests
after strongly positive HTLV-III screening tests.
N Engl J Med. Jun 12 1986;314(24):1577.
Markham PD, Gallo RC. Infectious primate type
C virus proviral DNA in productively infected
cells. J Virol. Mar 1978;25(3):936-939.
Martinez-Cajas JL, Pai NP, Klein MB, Wainberg
MA. Differences in resistance mutations among
HIV-1 non-subtype B infections: a systematic
review of evidence (1996-2008). J Int AIDS Soc.
2009;12(1):11.
Markovitz DM. Infection with the human
immunodeficiency virus type 2. Ann Intern Med.
Feb 1 1993;118(3):211-218.
Markovitz DM. Infection with the human
immunodeficiency virus type 2. Ann Intern Med.
Feb 1 1993;118(3):211-218.
Marlink R. Lessons from the second AIDS virus,
HIV-2. AIDS. Jun 1996;10(7):689-699.
Marlink R, Kanki P, Thior I, et al. Reduced rate
of disease development after HIV-2 infection as
compared
to
HIV-1.
Science.
Sep
9
1994;265(5178):1587-1590.
Marlink RG, Essex M. Africa and the biology of
human immunodeficiency virus. Jama. May 15
1987;257(19):2632-2633.
Marlink RG, Ricard D, M'Boup S, et al. Clinical,
hematologic, and immunologic cross-sectional
evaluation of individuals exposed to human
immunodeficiency virus type-2 (HIV-2). AIDS
Res Hum Retroviruses. Apr 1988;4(2):137-148.
Marmor M, Friedman-Kien AE, Laubenstein L, et
al. Risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma in
homosexual
men.
Lancet.
May
15
1982;1(8281):1083-1087.
Marquart KH, Muller HA, Brede HD. HIV-2 in
West Germany. Aids. Apr 1988;2(2):141.
Marquart KH, Muller HA, Sailer J, Moser R. Slim
disease
(AIDS).
Lancet.
Nov
23
1985;2(8465):1186-1187.
Marrero OP. AIDS in Cuba. Lancet. Aug 8
1992;340(8815):374.
Marschner IC, Collier AC, Coombs RW, et al. Use
of changes in plasma levels of human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA to assess
the clinical benefit of antiretroviral therapy. J
Infect Dis. Jan 1998;177(1):40-47.
Marshall MM, Naumovitz D, Ortega Y, Sterling
CR. Waterborne protozoan pathogens. Clin
Microbiol Rev. Jan 1997;10(1):67-85.
Martin B. The burden of proof and the origin of
acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Philos
Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Jun 29
2001;356(1410):939-943.
Martinez-Steele E, Awasana AA, Corrah T, et al.
Is HIV-2- induced AIDS different from HIV-1associated AIDS? Data from a West African
clinic. AIDS. Jan 30 2007;21(3):317-324.
Martino R, Muniz-Diaz E, Arilla M, et al.
Combined
autoimmune
cytopenias.
Haematologica. Jul-Aug 1995;80(4):305-310.
Marx J. Concerns raised about mouse models for
AIDS. Science. Feb 16 1990;247(4944):809.
Marx
JL.
New
disease
community.
Science.
1982;217(4560):618-621.
baffles
Aug
medical
13
Marx JL. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
abroad. The new immune deficiency disease is
now found in several countries: links to Central
Africa and Haiti may provide clues to its origin.
Science. Dec 2 1983;222(4627):998-999.
Marx JL. A virus by any other name. Science.
Mar 22 1985;227(4693):1449-1451.
Marx JL. AIDS virus has new name--perhaps.
Science. May 9 1986;232(4751):699-700.
Marx PA, Alcabes PG, Drucker E. Serial human
passage of simian immunodeficiency virus by
unsterile injections and the emergence of
epidemic human immunodeficiency virus in
Africa. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Jun 29
2001;356(1410):911-920.
Marx PA, Apetrei C, Drucker E. AIDS as a
zoonosis? Confusion over the origin of the virus
and the origin of the epidemics. J Med Primatol.
Oct 2004;33(5-6):220-226.
Marx PA, Bryant ML, Osborn KG, et al. Isolation
of a new serotype of simian acquired immune
deficiency syndrome type D retrovirus from
Celebes black macaques (Macaca nigra) with
immune
deficiency
and
retroperitoneal
fibromatosis. J Virol. Nov 1985;56(2):571-578.
Marx PA, Li Y, Lerche NW, et al. Isolation of a
simian immunodeficiency virus related to human
immunodeficiency virus type 2 from a west
African pet sooty mangabey. J Virol. Aug
1991;65(8):4480-4485.
Page 59 of 109
Bibliography
Marx PA, Maul DH, Osborn KG, et al. Simian
AIDS: isolation of a type D retrovirus and
transmission of the disease. Science. Mar 9
1984;223(4640):1083-1086.
Marx PA, Osborn KG, Henrickson RV, Gardner
MB. Virus isolation studies in simian AIDS.
Lancet. Feb 18 1984;1(8373):403.
Marx PA, Pedersen NC, Lerche NW, et al.
Prevention of simian acquired immune deficiency
syndrome with a formalin-inactivated type D
retrovirus vaccine. J Virol. Nov 1986;60(2):431435.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Mathez D, Leibowitch J, Catalan P, Essex M,
Zaguri D. HTLV and AIDS in France. Lancet. Apr
7 1984;1(8380):799.
Matondo
P.
Case
definitions
for
AIDS
surveillance
in
Africa.
BMJ.
Jan
4
1992;304(6818):54.
Matondo P. Kaposi's sarcoma and faecal-oral
exposure. Lancet. Jun 13 1992;339(8807):1490.
Matsaniotis. Immune responses to hepatitis B
vaccine
[LETTER].
Lancet.
Jan
24
1981;1(8213):210-211.
Mastro
TD,
Satten
GA,
Nopkesorn
T,
Sangkharomya S, Longini IM, Jr. Probability of
female-to-male transmission of HIV-1 in
Thailand. Lancet. Jan 22 1994;343(8891):204207.
Matsaniotis
N,
Kattamis
C,
Laskari
S,
Dionysopoulou E, Liapaki C. Immunogenicity and
efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in normal children
and in patients with thalassaemia. J Infect. Jul
1983;7 Suppl 1:57-61.
Masuda T, Tsujimoto H, Ishikawa K, et al.
Reactivities of antibodies to HIV and SIV in
human sera in Kenya, Gabon, and Ghana.
Lancet. Feb 6 1988;1(8580):297.
Maul DH, Lerche NW, Osborn KG, et al.
Pathogenesis of simian AIDS in rhesus
macaques inoculated with the SRV-1 strain of
type D retrovirus. Am J Vet Res. Apr
1986;47(4):863-868.
Masur H, Michelis MA, Greene JB, et al. An
outbreak of community-acquired Pneumocystis
carinii pneumonia: initial manifestation of
cellular immune dysfunction. N Engl J Med. Dec
10 1981;305(24):1431-1438.
Masur H, Michelis MA, Wormser GP, et al.
Opportunistic infection in previously healthy
women. Initial manifestations of a communityacquired cellular immunodeficiency. Ann Intern
Med. Oct 1982;97(4):533-539.
Matee MI, Lyamuya EF, Mbena EC, et al.
Prevalence
of
transfusion-associated
viral
infections and syphilis among blood donors in
Muhimbili Medical Centre, Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania. East Afr Med J. Mar 1999;76(3):167171.
Mathe G. Is the AIDS virus responsible for the
disease? Biomed Pharmacother. 1992;46(1):12.
Matheron S, Courpotin C, Simon F, et al. Vertical
transmission
of
HIV-2.
Lancet.
May
5
1990;335(8697):1103-1104.
Matheron S, Di Maria H, Dormont D, et al.
Transmission verticale du HIV 2 : Cinq
observations Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses.
December 1988;18(Suppl 5):787.
Matheron S, Pueyo S, Damond F, et al. Factors
associated with clinical progression in HIV-2
infected-patients: the French ANRS cohort.
AIDS. Dec 5 2003;17(18):2593-2601.
Mathez D, Leibovitch J, Sultan Y, Maisonneuve
P. LAV/HTLV-III seroconversion and disease in
hemophiliacs treated in France. N Engl J Med.
Jan 9 1986;314(2):118-119.
Maupas P, Chiron JP, Barin F, et al. Efficacy of
hepatitis B vaccine in prevention of early HBsAg
carrier state in children. Controlled trial in an
endemic area (Senegal). Lancet. Feb 7
1981;1(8215):289-292.
May M, Gompels M, Delpech V, et al. Impact of
late diagnosis and treatment on life expectancy
in people with HIV-1: UK Collaborative HIV
Cohort (UK CHIC) Study. BMJ. 2011;343:d6016.
May RM, Anderson RM. Transmission dynamics
of
HIV
infection.
Nature.
Mar
12-18
1987;326(6109):137-142.
Mayanja B, Morgan D, Ross A, Whitworth J. The
burden of mucocutaneous conditions and the
association with HIV-1 infection in a rural
community in Uganda. Trop Med Int Health. May
1999;4(5):349-354.
Mayer HB, Wanke CA. Diagnostic strategies in
HIV-infected patients with diarrhea. AIDS. Dec
1994;8(12):1639-1648.
Mayer KH, Anderson
transmission.
Infect
1995;4(4):273-284.
DJ. Heterosexual
Agents
Dis.
HIV
Dec
Mayer V, Shor-Posner G, Baum MK. Czech and
Slovak Federal Republic: not too late to slow
HIV-1
spread.
Lancet.
May
9
1992;339(8802):1162.
Mayor S. Aid money is wasted on private
healthcare programmes in poor countries, says
Oxfam. BMJ. 2009;338:b667.
Mazel JA, Heijtink RA, Schalm SW, et al.
[Combined passive and active immunization of
Page 60 of 109
Bibliography
infants of HbsAg-positive mothers]. Ned Tijdschr
Geneeskd. Mar 30 1985;129(13):590-594.
Mazel JA, Schalm SW, de Gast BC, et al.
Passive-active immunisation of neonates of
HBsAg positive carrier mothers: preliminary
observations. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). Feb 18
1984;288(6416):513-515.
Mazel JA, Schalm SW, Ypma TD. [Hepatitis B
immunoprophylaxis; vaccination of newborn
infants]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. Aug 25
1984;128(34):1620-1622.
Mbubaegbu C. AIDS in Africa. Inflationary
statistics distort the truth. BMJ. Jun 19
1993;306(6893):1691.
Mbugua GG, Muthami LN, Mutura CW, et al.
Epidemiology of HIV infection among long
distance truck drivers in Kenya. East Afr Med J.
Aug 1995;72(8):515-518.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
McCormick JB, Krebs JW, Mitchell SW, et al.
Isolation of human immune deficiency virus from
African AIDS patients and from persons without
AIDS or IgG antibody to human immune
deficiency virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg. Jan
1987;36(1):102-106.
McCray E. Occupational risk of the acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome among health care
workers.
N
Engl
J
Med.
Apr
24
1986;314(17):1127-1132.
McCune JM, Namikawa R, Shih CC, Rabin L,
Kaneshima H. Pseudotypes in HIV-infected mice.
Science. Nov 23 1990;250(4984):1152-1154.
McDaid LM, Weiss HA, Hart GJ. Circumcision
among men who have sex with men in Scotland:
limited potential for HIV prevention. Sex Transm
Infect. Jun 30 2010:1-3.
Mbulaiteye SM, Goedert JJ. Transmission of
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in subSaharan Africa. AIDS. Feb 19 2008;22(4):535537.
McDermid JM, van der Loeff MF, Jaye A, et al.
Mortality in HIV infection is independently
predicted by host iron status and SLC11A1 and
HP genotypes, with new evidence of a genenutrient interaction. Am J Clin Nutr. Jul
2009;90(1):225-233.
McArthur JC, Haughey N, Gartner S, et al.
Human
immunodeficiency
virus-associated
dementia: an evolving disease. J Neurovirol. Apr
2003;9(2):205-221.
McDonald MI, Hamilton JD, Durack DT. Hepatitis
B surface antigen could harbour the infective
agent
of
AIDS.
Lancet.
Oct
15
1983;2(8355):882-884.
McAuliffe VJ, Purcell RH, Gerin JL. Type B
hepatitis: a review of current prospects for a
safe and effective vaccine. Rev Infect Dis. MayJun 1980;2(3):470-492.
McDougal JS, Kennedy MS, Nicholson JK, et al.
Antibody response to human immunodeficiency
virus in homosexual men. Relation of antibody
specificity, titer, and isotype to clinical status,
severity of immunodeficiency, and disease
progression. J Clin Invest. Aug 1987;80(2):316324.
McBurney SP, Ross TM. Viral sequence diversity:
challenges for AIDS vaccine designs. Expert Rev
Vaccines. Nov 2008;7(9):1405-1417.
McClure HM, Anderson DC, Fultz PN, Ansari AA,
Lockwood E, Brodie A. Spectrum of disease in
macaque monkeys chronically infected with
SIV/SMM. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. May
1989;21(1):13-24.
McClure HM, Keeling ME, Custer RP, Marshak
RR, Abt DA, Ferrer JF. Erythroleukemia in two
infant chimpanzees fed milk from cows naturally
infected with the bovine C-type virus. Cancer
Res. Oct 1974;34(10):2745-2757.
McClure
HM,
Novembre
FJ.
Simian
immunodeficiency virus variants: threat of new
lentiviruses. Am J Med Sci. Jan 1996;311(1):3033.
McClure MO, Schulz TF. Origin of HIV. BMJ. May
13 1989;298(6683):1267-1268.
McClure MO, Schulz TF, Tedder RS, et al.
Inoculation of New World primates with the
human immunodeficiency virus. J Med Primatol.
1989;18(3-4):329-335.
McHardy J, Williams EH, Geser A, de-The G,
Beth E, Giraldo G. Endemic Kaposi's sarcoma:
incidence and risk factors in the West Nile
District of Uganda. Int J Cancer. Feb 15
1984;33(2):203-212.
McHugh TM, Stites DP, Busch MP, Krowka JF,
Stricker RB, Hollander H. Relation of circulating
levels of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
antigen, antibody to p24, and HIV-containing
immune complexes in HIV-infected patients. J
Infect Dis. Nov 1988;158(5):1088-1091.
McIlwain JC. It's only numbers. BMJ. Mar 3
2007;334(7591):439.
McKeating JA, Willey RL. Structure and function
of the HIV envelope. AIDS. 1989;3 Suppl 1:S3541.
McLean AA. Development of vaccines against
hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Rev Infect Dis. JulAug 1986;8(4):591-598.
McLean AA, Buynak EB, Kuter BJ, Hilleman MR,
West DJ. Clinical Experience with Hepatitis B
Vaccine. In: Millman I, Eisenstein TK, Blumberg
Page 61 of 109
Bibliography
BS, eds. Hepatitis B: The Virus, the Disease, and
the Vaccine. New York, London: Plenum Press;
1984:149-159.
McLean AA, Hilleman MR, McAleer WJ, Buynak
EB. Summary of worldwide clinical experience
with H-B-Vax (B, MSD). J Infect. Jul 1983;7
Suppl 1:95-104.
McLean AA, Shaw R, Jr. Hepatitis B vaccine. Ann
Intern Med. Sep 1982;97(3):451.
McLeod DT, Neill P, Gwanzura L, et al.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with
AIDS in Central Africa. Respir Med. May
1990;84(3):225-228.
McLeod DT, Neill P, Robertson VJ, et al.
Pulmonary diseases in patients infected with the
human immunodeficiency virus in Zimbabwe,
Central Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. SepOct 1989;83(5):694-697.
McMurray DN. Cell-mediated immunity in
nutritional deficiency. Prog Food Nutr Sci.
1984;8(3-4):193-228.
McNeil D. AIDS Stalking Africa's Struggling
Economies. New York Times, November 15,
1998;World.
McNeil D. Precursor to H.I.V. Was in Monkeys for
Millenniums. New York Times, September 16,
2010.
McNeil Jr. D. Faulty Condoms Thwart AIDS Fight
in Africa. New York Times, December 27, 1998.
McNeil Jr. D. The World; AIDS in Africa: The
Silent Stalker. New York Times, December 27,
1998.
McQuillan GM, Kruszon-Moran D, Kottiri BJ, et
al. Prevalence of HIV in the US household
population: the National Health and Nutrition
Examination Surveys, 1988 to 2002. J Acquir
Immune Defic Syndr. Apr 15 2006;41(5):651656.
Meda HA, Diallo B, Buchet JP, et al. Epidemic of
fatal encephalopathy in preschool children in
Burkina Faso and consumption of unripe ackee
(Blighia
sapida)
fruit.
Lancet.
Feb
13
1999;353(9152):536-540.
Meda N, Gautier-Charpentier L, Soudre RB, et
al. Serological diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus in Burkina Faso: reliable,
practical strategies using less expensive
commercial test kits. Bull World Health Organ.
1999;77(9):731-739.
Medley GF, Anderson RM, Cox DR, Billard L.
Incubation period of AIDS in patients infected
via blood transfusion. Nature. Aug 20-26
1987;328(6132):719-721.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Meduri GU, Stover DE, Greeno RA, Nash T,
Zaman MB. Bilateral bronchoalveolar lavage in
the diagnosis of opportunistic pulmonary
infections. Chest. Nov 1991;100(5):1272-1276.
Medvedev ZA. AIDS virus infection: a Soviet
view of its origin [ LETTER ]. J R Soc Med. Aug
1986;79(8):494-495.
Melbye M. The natural history of human T
lymphotropic virus-III infection: the cause of
AIDS. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). Jan 4
1986;292(6512):5-12.
Melbye M, Biggar RJ, Ebbesen P, Andersen HK,
Vestergaard BF. Lifestyle and antiviral antibody
studies among homosexual men in Denmark.
Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand [B]. Oct
1983;91(5):357-364.
Melbye M, Biggar RJ, Ebbesen P, et al.
Seroepidemiology of HTLV-III antibody in Danish
homosexual men: prevalence, transmission, and
disease outcome. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). Sep 8
1984;289(6445):573-575.
Melbye M, Cook PM, Hjalgrim H, et al. Risk
factors
for
Kaposi's-sarcoma-associated
herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) seropositivity in a
cohort of homosexual men, 1981-1996. Int J
Cancer. Aug 12 1998;77(4):543-548.
Melbye M, Froebel KS, Madhok R, et al. HTLV-III
seropositivity
in
European
haemophiliacs
exposed to Factor VIII concentrate imported
from the USA. Lancet. Dec 22 1984;2(84178418):1444-1446.
Melbye M, Njelesani EK, Bayley A, et al.
Evidence for heterosexual transmission and
clinical
manifestations
of
human
immunodeficiency virus infection and related
conditions in Lusaka, Zambia. Lancet. Nov 15
1986;2(8516):1113-1115.
Meldrum J. AIDS virus nomenclature. Nature.
Jun 12-18 1986;321(6071):644.
Meldrum
KC.
Bovine
encephalopathy.
Lancet.
1990;335(8692):797.
spongiform
Mar
31
Mele A, Verani P, Caprilli F, et al. High
prevalence
of
antibodies
to
human
immunodeficiency virus in heterosexual persons
attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in
Italy. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. Mar
1989;8(3):238-241.
Meles H, Wolday D, Fontanet A, et al.
Indeterminate human immunodeficiency virus
Western blot profiles in ethiopians with
discordant screening-assay results. Clin Diagn
Lab Immunol. Jan 2002;9(1):160-163.
Mellor A. Who Should be Immunised against
Hepatitis B? [ LETTER ]. British Dental Journal.
August 10 1985:71.
Page 62 of 109
Bibliography
Melo J, Nilsson C, Mondlane J, et al. Comparison
of the performance of rapid HIV tests using
samples
collected
for
surveillance
in
Mozambique.
J
Med
Virol.
Dec
2009;81(12):1991-1998.
Melo MG, Santos BR, De Cassia Lira R, et al.
Sexual
transmission
of
HIV-1
among
serodiscordant couples in Porto Alegre, southern
Brazil. Sex Transm Dis. Nov 2008;35(11):912915.
Meloni ST, Sankale JL, Hamel DJ, et al.
Molecular
epidemiology
of
human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 sub-subtype A3
in Senegal from 1988 to 2001. J Virol. Nov
2004;78(22):12455-12461.
Mendenhall CL, Roselle GA, Grossman CJ,
Rouster SD, Weesner RE. False positive tests for
HTLV-III antibodies in alcoholic patients with
hepatitis.
N
Engl
J
Med.
Apr
3
1986;314(14):921-922.
Meric AL. The safety of the hepatitis B vaccine.
Jama. Jan 16 1987;257(3):315-316.
Merino F, Robert-Guroff M, Clark J, BiondoBracho M, Blattner WA, Gallo RC. Natural
antibodies to human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
virus in healthy Venezuelan populations. Int J
Cancer. Oct 15 1984;34(4):501-506.
Merino N, Sanchez RL, Munoz A, Prada G, Garcia
CF, Polk BF. HIV-1, sexual practices, and contact
with foreigners in homosexual men in Colombia,
South America. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr.
1990;3(4):330-334.
Merson MH. Ethics of placebo-controlled trials of
zidovudine to prevent the perinatal transmission
of HIV in the Third World. N Engl J Med. Mar 19
1998;338(12):836; author reply 840-831.
Merten OW. Virus contaminations of cell cultures
- A biotechnological view. Cytotechnology. Jul
2002;39(2):91-116.
Metayer C, Johnson ES, Rice JC. Nested casecontrol study of tumors of the hemopoietic and
lymphatic systems among workers in the meat
industry.
Am
J
Epidemiol.
Apr
15
1998;147(8):727-738.
Metroka CE, Cunningham-Rundles S, Krim M, et
al. Generalized lymphadenopathy in homosexual
men: an update of the New York experience.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1984;437:400-411.
Meuwissen JH, Tauber I, Leeuwenberg AD,
Beckers PJ, Sieben M. Parasitologic and serologic
observations of infection with Pneumocystis in
humans. J Infect Dis. Jul 1977;136(1):43-49.
Meyer KB, Pauker SG. Screening for HIV: can we
afford the false positive rate? N Engl J Med. Jul
23 1987;317(4):238-241.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Mhalu F, Bredberg-Raden U, Mbena E, et al.
Prevalence of HIV infection in healthy subjects
and groups of patients in Tanzania. Aids. Dec
1987;1(4):217-221.
Mhalu FS, Lyamuya E. Human immunodeficiency
virus infection and AIDS in east Africa:
challenges and possibilities for prevention and
control. East Afr Med J. Jan 1996;73(1):13-19.
Mhiri C, Belec L, Di Costanzo B, Georges A,
Gherardi R. The slim disease in African patients
with AIDS. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. May-Jun
1992;86(3):303-306.
Michail-Merianou V, Tzivaras A, Piperi-Lowes L,
Kattamis C, Ladis V, Papadakou-Lagogianni R.
False-positive HTLV-III antibody tests in
multitransfused patients with thalassaemia.
Lancet. Mar 22 1986;1(8482):678.
Migali E, Mariotti D, Lovari A, Tenani T, Imperiali
P, Ozzola G. HIV-1: absence of infection in
subjects with indeterminate western blot.
Allergol
Immunopathol
(Madr).
Mar-Apr
1993;21(2):61-65.
Mildvan D, Mathur U, Enlow RW, et al.
Opportunistic infections and immune deficiency
in homosexual men. Ann Intern Med. Jun
1982;96(6 Pt 1):700-704.
Miles
SA.
Pathogenesis
of
human
immunodeficiency
virus-related
Kaposi's
sarcoma. Curr Opin Oncol. Oct 1992;4(5):875882.
Miller B, Stansfield SK, Zack MM, et al. The
syndrome
of
unexplained
generalized
lymphadenopathy in young men in New York
City. Is it related to the acquired immune
deficiency
syndrome?
Jama.
Jan
13
1984;251(2):242-246.
Miller KD, Gibbs RD, Mulligan MM, Nutman TB,
Francis DP. Intradermal hepatitis B virus
vaccine: immunogenicity and side-effects in
adults. Lancet. Dec 24-31 1983;2(836566):1454-1456.
Miller PJ. Update: hepatitis B vaccine "the FDA
approved the new vaccine on November 17,
1981". Infect Control. Jan-Feb 1982;3(1):76-77.
Miller R. Pneumocystis pneumonia in humans is
caused by P jiroveci not P carinii. Thorax. Jan
2004;59(1):83; author reply 83-84.
Miller RA, Collier AC, Buchanan TM, Handsfield
HH. Seroepidemiologic screening for antibodies
to LAV/HTLV-III in Sri Lanka, 1980-1982. N Engl
J Med. Nov 21 1985;313(21):1352-1353.
Millett GA, Flores SA, Marks G, Reed JB, Herbst
JH. Circumcision status and risk of HIV and
sexually transmitted infections among men who
have sex with men: a meta-analysis. JAMA. Oct
8 2008;300(14):1674-1684.
Page 63 of 109
Bibliography
Milman G. HIV research in the SCID mouse:
biosafety considerations. Science. Nov 23
1990;250(4984):1152.
Mindel
A,
Sutherland
S.
Antibodies
to
cytomegalovirus
in
homosexual
and
heterosexual men attending an STD clinic. Br J
Vener Dis. Jun 1984;60(3):189-192.
Minnis AM, Padian NS. Effectiveness of female
controlled barrier methods in preventing
sexually transmitted infections and HIV: current
evidence and future research directions. Sex
Transm Infect. Jun 2005;81(3):193-200.
Minnis AM, Padian NS. Effectiveness of female
controlled barrier methods in preventing
sexually transmitted infections and HIV: current
evidence and future research directions. Sex
Transm Infect. Jun 2005;81(3):193-200.
Mitsuya H, Matsushita S, Yarchoan R, Broder S.
Protection of T cells against infectivity and
cytopathic effect of HTLV-III in vitro. Princess
Takamatsu Symp. 1984;15:277-288.
Miura T, Tsujimoto H, Fukasawa M, Ohta Y,
Honjo S, Hayami M. Genetic analysis and
infection of SIVAGM and SIVMND. J Med
Primatol. 1989;18(3-4):255-259.
Mnyika KS, Klepp KI, Kvale G, Nilssen S, Kissila
PE, Ole-King'ori N. Prevalence of HIV-1 infection
in urban, semi-urban and rural areas in Arusha
region, Tanzania. AIDS. Oct 1994;8(10):14771481.
Mocroft A, Katlama C, Johnson AM, et al. AIDS
across Europe, 1994-98: the EuroSIDA study.
Lancet. Jul 22 2000;356(9226):291-296.
Mocroft A, Youle M, Phillips AN, et al. The
incidence of AIDS-defining illnesses in 4883
patients with human immunodeficiency virus
infection. Royal Free/Chelsea and Westminster
Hospitals Collaborative Group. Arch Intern Med.
Mar 9 1998;158(5):491-497.
Mohammed I, Harry TO, Nasidi A. HIV-2 in West
Africa
in
1966.
Lancet.
May
20
1989;1(8647):1137.
Mohammed I, Nasidi A, Chikwem JO, et al. HIV
infection in Nigeria. Aids. Feb 1988;2(1):61-62.
Mohar A, Romo J, Salido F, et al. The spectrum
of clinical and pathological manifestations of
AIDS in a consecutive series of autopsied
patients in Mexico. AIDS. May 1992;6(5):467473.
Molbak K, Lauritzen E, Fernandes D, Bottiger B,
Biberfeld G. Antibodies to HTLV-IV associated
with chronic, fatal illness resembling "slim"
disease. Lancet. Nov 22 1986;2(8517):12141215.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Molinert HT, Galban Garcia E, Rodriguez Cruz R.
Prevalence
of
infection
with
human
immunodeficiency virus in Cuba. Bull Pan Am
Health Organ. 1989;23(1-2):62-67.
Molinert HT, Galban Garcia E, Rodriguez Cruz R.
Prevalence
of
infection
with
human
immunodeficiency virus in Cuba. Bull Pan Am
Health Organ. 1989;23(1-2):62-67.
Molinert HT, Galban Garcia E, Rodriguez Cruz R.
Prevalence
of
infection
with
human
immunodeficiency virus in Cuba. Bull Pan Am
Health Organ. 1989;23(1-2):62-67.
Montagnier L, Chermann JC, Barre-Sinoussi F, et
al. Lymphadenopathy associated virus and its
etiological role in AIDS. Princess Takamatsu
Symp. 1984;15:319-331.
Montagnier L, Clavel F, Krust B, et al.
Identification and antigenicity of the major
envelope glycoprotein of lymphadenopathyassociated
virus.
Virology.
Jul
15
1985;144(1):283-289.
Montagnier L, Dauguet C, Axler C, et al. A new
type of retrovirus isolated from patients
presenting with lymphadenopathy and acquired
immune deficiency syndrome: Structural and
antigenic relatedness with equine infectious
anaemia virus. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur.
Virologie. 1984;135(1):119-131, 133-134.
Montagnier L, Gruest J, Chamaret S, et al.
Adaptation of lymphadenopathy associated virus
(LAV) to replication in EBV-transformed B
lymphoblastoid cell lines. Science. Jul 6
1984;225(4657):63-66.
Montano SM, Sanchez JL, Laguna-Torres A, et
al. Prevalences, genotypes, and risk factors for
HIV transmission in South America. J Acquir
Immune Defic Syndr. Sep 1 2005;40(1):57-64.
Montero A, Ciardi MC, Casella ML, Grazziutti M,
Schujman L, Bussi E. Chronic indeterminate
western blot in a patient with AIDS and massive
proteinuria. AIDS. May 1993;7(5):742-743.
Montgomery ET, Cheng H, van der Straten A, et
al. Acceptability and use of the diaphragm and
Replens lubricant gel for HIV prevention in
Southern
Africa.
AIDS
Behav.
Jun
2010;14(3):629-638.
Montoro E, Diaz R, Echemendia M, Valdivia JA.
Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis in
patients with AIDS in Cuba. Mem Inst Oswaldo
Cruz. Mar-Apr 1996;91(2):191.
Moodley D, Bobat RA, Coovadia HM, Doorasamy
T, Munsamy S, Gouws E. Lymphocyte subset
changes between 3 and 15 months of age in
infants born to HIV-seropositive women in South
Page 64 of 109
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Bibliography
Africa.
Trop
Med
1997;2(5):415-421.
Int
Health.
May
Moore JD, Cone EJ, Alexander SS, Jr. HTLV-III
seropositivity in 1971-1972 parenteral drug
abusers--a case of false positives for evidence of
viral exposure? N Engl J Med. May 22
1986;314(21):1387-1388.
Moore JP, Nara PL. The role of the V3 loop of
gp120 in HIV infection. AIDS. 1991;5 Suppl
2:S21-33.
Moore RD, Chaisson RE. Natural history of
opportunistic disease in an HIV-infected urban
clinical cohort. Ann Intern Med. Apr 1
1996;124(7):633-642.
Morris A, Lundgren JD, Masur H, et al. Current
epidemiology of Pneumocystis pneumonia.
Emerg Infect Dis. Oct 2004;10(10):1713-1720.
Morris L, Distenfeld A, Amorosi E, Karpatkin S.
Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura in
homosexual men. Ann Intern Med. Jun
1982;96(6 Pt 1):714-717.
Morris L, Ledwaba J, Hunt G, et al. Surveillance
for transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in South
Africa. Communicable Diseases Surveillance
Bulletin. 2009;7(2).
Morrow RH, Colebunders RL, Chin J. Interactions
of HIV infection with endemic tropical diseases.
AIDS. 1989;3 Suppl 1:S79-87.
Moran M, Guzman J, Ropars AL, et al. Neglected
disease research and development: how much
are we really spending? PLoS Med. Feb 3
2009;6(2):e1000030.
Morrow WJ, Wharton M, Lau D, Levy JA. Small
animals
are
not
susceptible
to
human
immunodeficiency virus infection. J Gen Virol.
Aug 1987;68 ( Pt 8):2253-2257.
Morell A, Barandun S, Locher G. HTLV-III
seroconversion in a homosexual patient with
common variable immunodeficiency. N Engl J
Med. Aug 14 1986;315(7):456-457.
Mortimer PP, Jesson WJ, Vandervelde EM,
Pereira MS. Prevalence of antibody to human T
lymphotropic virus type III by risk group and
area, United Kingdom 1978-84. Br Med J (Clin
Res Ed). Apr 20 1985;290(6476):1176-1178.
Moreno S, Miralles C, Negredo E, et al. Disorders
of body fat distribution in HIV-1-infected
patients. AIDS Rev. Jul-Sep 2009;11(3):126134.
Morgan D, Malamba SS, Maude GH, et al. An
HIV-1 natural history cohort and survival times
in rural Uganda. AIDS. Apr 1997;11(5):633640.
Morgan D, Malamba SS, Orem J, Mayanja B,
Okongo M, Whitworth JA. Survival by AIDS
defining condition in rural Uganda. Sex Transm
Infect. Jun 2000;76(3):193-197.
Morgan D, Maude GH, Malamba SS, et al. HIV-1
disease progression and AIDS-defining disorders
in
rural
Uganda.
Lancet.
Jul
26
1997;350(9073):245-250.
Morgan G, Wilkins HA, Pepin J, Jobe O, Brewster
D, Whittle H. AIDS following mother-to-child
transmission
of
HIV-2.
AIDS.
Sep
1990;4(9):879-882.
Mortimer PP, Parry JV, Mortimer JY. Which antiHTLV III/LAV assays for screening and
confirmatory
testing?
Lancet.
Oct
19
1985;2(8460):873-877.
Morton WR, Kuller L, Benveniste RE, et al.
Transmission of the simian immunodeficiency
virus SIVmne in macaques and baboons. J Med
Primatol. 1989;18(3-4):237-245.
Morvan J, Carteron B, Laroche R, Bouillet E,
Teyssou R, Blanchard de Vaucouleurs F. [A seroepidemiologic survey of HIV infection in Burundi
between 1980 and 1981]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot
Filiales. Jan 1989;82(1):130-140.
Moses P, Moses J. Haiti and the Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Ann Intern Med.
October 1 1983;99(4):565.
Moses S. Male circumcision: a new approach to
reducing HIV transmission. CMAJ. Oct 13
2009;181(8):E134-135.
Morgan
WM,
Curran
JW.
Acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome: current and future
trends.
Public
Health
Rep.
Sep-Oct
1986;101(5):459-465.
Moses S, Nagelkerke NJ, Blanchard J. Analysis of
the scientific literature on male circumcision and
risk for HIV infection. Int J STD AIDS. Sep
1999;10(9):626-628.
Morin PA, Moore JJ, Chakraborty R, Jin L,
Goodall J, Woodruff DS. Kin selection, social
structure, gene flow, and the evolution of
chimpanzees.
Science.
Aug
26
1994;265(5176):1193-1201.
Moses S, Plummer FA, Nagelkerke NJ. Reducing
HIV-1 in Kenya and Tanzania. Lancet. Nov 4
2000;356(9241):1602.
Morozov VA, Lagaye S, Lyakh L, ter Meulen J.
Type D retrovirus markers in healthy Africans
from
Guinea.
Res
Virol.
Nov-Dec
1996;147(6):341-351.
Moskowitz LB, Kory P, Chan JC, Haverkos HW,
Conley FK, Hensley GT. Unusual causes of death
in Haitians residing in Miami. High prevalence of
opportunistic
infections.
JAMA.
Sep
2
1983;250(9):1187-1191.
Page 65 of 109
Bibliography
Moss AR, Bacchetti P. Natural history of HIV
infection. AIDS. Feb 1989;3(2):55-61.
Moss AR, Bacchetti P, Gorman M, et al. AIDS in
the "gay" areas of San Francisco. Lancet. Apr 23
1983;1(8330):923-924.
Moss AR, Bacchetti P, Osmond D, et al.
Incidence of the acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome in San Francisco, 1980-1983. J Infect
Dis. Jul 1985;152(1):152-161.
Moss AR, McCallum G, Volberding PA, Bacchetti
P, Dritz S. Mortality associated with mode of
presentation in the acquired immune deficiency
syndrome.
J
Natl
Cancer
Inst.
Dec
1984;73(6):1281-1284.
Mota-Miranda A, Gomes H, Marques R, et al.
HIV-2 infection with a long asymptomatic
period. J Infect. Sep 1995;31(2):163-164.
Mpfizi BI, Kamamfu G, Muhirwa G, Floch JJ,
Aubry P. Pneumocystis carinii: a review. East Afr
Med J. Jan 1995;72(1):64-68.
Msamanga GI, Fawzi WW. The double burden of
HIV infection and tuberculosis in sub-Saharan
Africa. N Engl J Med. Sep 18 1997;337(12):849851.
Muesing MA, Smith DH, Cabradilla CD, Benton
CV, Lasky LA, Capon DJ. Nucleic acid structure
and
expression
of
the
human
AIDS/lymphadenopathy retrovirus. Nature. Feb
7-13 1985;313(6002):450-458.
Mugerwa RD, Marum LH, Serwadda D. Human
immunodeficiency virus and AIDS in Uganda.
East Afr Med J. Jan 1996;73(1):20-26.
Muir D, White D, King J, Verlander N, Pillay D.
Predictive value of the ultrasensitive HIV viral
load assay in clinical practice. J Med Virol. Aug
2000;61(4):411-416.
Mulcahy F, Kelly G, Tynan M. The natural history
of HIV infection in women attending a sexually
transmitted disease clinic in Dublin. Genitourin
Med. Apr 1994;70(2):81-83.
Mulder C. Human AIDS virus not from monkeys.
Nature. Jun 2 1988;333(6172):396.
Mulder C. Virology. A case of mistaken nonidentity. Nature. Feb 18 1988;331(6157):562563.
Mulder D, Nunn A, Kamali A, Kengeya-Kayondo
J. Decreasing HIV-1 seroprevalence in young
adults in a rural Ugandan cohort. BMJ. Sep 30
1995;311(7009):833-836.
Mulder D, Smith P. AIDS in Africa. HIV is having
a
profound
impact.
BMJ.
Jun
19
1993;306(6893):1691.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Mulder DW, Nunn AJ, Kamali A, Nakiyingi J,
Wagner HU, Kengeya-Kayondo JF. Two-year
HIV-1-associated mortality in a Ugandan rural
population.
Lancet.
Apr
23
1994;343(8904):1021-1023.
Mulder DW, Nunn AJ, Wagner HU, Kamali A,
Kengeya-Kayondo JF. HIV-1 incidence and HIV1-associated mortality in a rural Ugandan
population cohort. AIDS. Jan 1994;8(1):87-92.
Muller MC, Saksena NK, Nerrienet E, et al.
Simian immunodeficiency viruses from central
and western Africa: evidence for a new speciesspecific lentivirus in tantalus monkeys. J Virol.
Mar 1993;67(3):1227-1235.
Muller O. Reducing HIV-1 in Kenya and
Tanzania. Lancet. Nov 4 2000;356(9241):1604.
Müller O, Moser R, Alexander P. AIDS in Africa.
N
Engl
J
Med.
March
21,
1991
1991;324(12):847-848.
Muller R, Deinhardt F. [Vaccination against
hepatitis B: expectations and experiences].
Internist (Berl). Nov 1983;24(11):632-637.
Muller-Trutwin MC, Corbet S, Souquiere S, et al.
SIVcpz from a naturally infected Cameroonian
chimpanzee: biological and genetic comparison
with HIV-1 N. J Med Primatol. Aug 2000;29(34):166-172.
Mullins
JI,
Hoover
EA,
Overbaugh
J,
Quackenbush SL, Donahue PR, Poss ML. FeLVFAIDS-induced immunodeficiency syndrome in
cats.
Vet
Immunol
Immunopathol.
May
1989;21(1):25-37.
Muñoz A, Wang MC, Bass S, et al. Acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-free time
after human immunodeficiency virus type 1
(HIV-1) seroconversion in homosexual men.
Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group. Am J
Epidemiol. Sep 1989;130(3):530-539.
Murila FV, Macharia WM, Wafula EM. Iron
deficiency anaemia in children of a peri-urban
health
facility.
East
Afr
Med
J.
Sep
1999;76(9):520-523.
Murphey-Corb M, Martin LN, Rangan SR, et al.
Isolation of an HTLV-III-related retrovirus from
macaques with simian AIDS and its possible
origin in asymptomatic mangabeys. Nature. May
22-28 1986;321(6068):435-437.
Murphy EL, Gibbs WN, Figueroa JP, et al. Human
immunodeficiency
virus
and
human
Tlymphotropic virus type I infection among
homosexual men in Kingston, Jamaica. J Acquir
Immune Defic Syndr. 1988;1(2):143-149.
Murphy S, Kitchen V, Harris JR, Forster SM.
Rape and subsequent seroconversion to HIV.
BMJ. Sep 16 1989;299(6701):718.
Page 66 of 109
Bibliography
Murphy S, Munday PE, Jeffries DJ. Rape and
subsequent seroconversion to HIV. BMJ. Jan 13
1990;300(6717):118.
Murphy S, Munday PE, Jeffries DJ. Rape and
subsequent seroconversion to HIV. BMJ. Jan 13
1990;300(6717):118.
Murray CJ. World tuberculosis burden. Lancet.
Apr 28 1990;335(8696):1043-1044.
Murray HW, Jacobs JL, Bovbjerg DH. Accessory
cell function of AIDS monocytes. J Infect Dis.
Oct 1987;156(4):696.
Murray JF. Pulmonary complications of HIV-1
infection among adults living in Sub-Saharan
Africa.
Int
J
Tuberc
Lung
Dis.
Aug
2005;9(8):826-835.
Mutimura E, Anastos K, Zheng L, Cohen M,
Binagwaho A, Kotler DP. Effect of HIV infection
on body composition and fat distribution in
Rwandan women. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS
Care (Chic Ill). May-Jun 2010;9(3):173-178.
Muylle L, Vranckx P, Peetermans ME. No HTLVIII antibodies after HBV vaccination. N Engl J
Med. Feb 27 1986;314(9):581.
Mwachari CW, Shepherd BE, Cleopa O,
Odhiambo JA, Cohen CR. Mortality and burden
of disease in a cohort of HIV-seropositive adults
in Nairobi, Kenya. Int J STD AIDS. Feb
2004;15(2):120-126.
Mwambete KD, Justin-Temu M, Peter S.
Prevalence and management of intestinal
helminthiasis among HIV-infected patients at
Muhimbili National Hospital. J Int Assoc
Physicians AIDS Care (Chic Ill). May-Jun
2010;9(3):150-156.
Mwangi JW. HIV-associated lymphoma: report of
three
cases.
East
Afr
Med
J.
Mar
1999;76(3):176-177.
Myers G, MacInnes K, Korber B. The emergence
of simian/human immunodeficiency viruses.
AIDS
Res
Hum
Retroviruses.
Mar
1992;8(3):373-386.
Mylonakis E, Paliou M, Greenbough TC,
Flaningan TP, Letvin NL, Rich JD. Report of a
false-positive HIV test result and the potential
use of additional tests in establishing HIV
serostatus. Arch Intern Med. Aug 14-28
2000;160(15):2386-2388.
Myrmel H, Haukenes G. False-positive band in
the gp41 region in anti-HIV western blotting.
APMIS. Oct 1988;96(10):950-951.
Myskowski PL, Romano JF, Safai B. Kaposi's
sarcoma in young homosexual men. Cutis. Jan
1982;29(1):31-34.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Nabel G, Baltimore D. An inducible transcription
factor
activates
expression
of
human
immunodeficiency virus in T cells. Nature. Apr
16-22 1987;326(6114):711-713.
Nadai Y, Eyzaguirre LM, Sill A, et al. HIV-1
epidemic in the Caribbean is dominated by
subtype B. PLoS One. 2009;4(3):e4814.
Nagafuchi S, Kashiwagi S. Reversal by
intradermal
hepatitis
B
vaccination
of
unresponsiveness to HBsAg. Lancet. Dec 26
1987;2(8574):1522-1523.
Nagelkerke NJ, Plummer FA, Holton D, et al.
Transition dynamics of HIV disease in a cohort of
African prostitutes: a Markov model approach.
AIDS. Aug 1990;4(8):743-747.
Nahlen BL, Chu SY, Nwanyanwu OC, Berkelman
RL, Martinez SA, Rullan JV. HIV wasting
syndrome in the United States. AIDS. Feb
1993;7(2):183-188.
Nahmias AJ, Weiss J, Yao X, et al. Evidence for
human infection with an HTLV III/LAV-like virus
in Central Africa, 1959. Lancet. May 31
1986;1(8492):1279-1280.
Nahon JL. Birth of 'human-specific' genes during
primate evolution. Genetica. Jul 2003;118(23):193-208.
Najera R, Echevarria JM, Varela JM, de Andres
R, de la Loma A. HTLV-III antibody testing in
Spain. Lancet. Oct 5 1985;2(8458):783.
Nandi JS, Bhavalkar-Potdar
CG. A novel type D simian
infecting
the
Indian
(Semnopithecus entellus).
2000;277(1):6-13.
V, Tikute S, Raut
retrovirus naturally
Hanuman
langur
Virology. Nov 10
Nara P, Hatch W, Kessler J, Kelliher J, Carter S.
The biology of human immunodeficiency virus-1
IIIB infection in the chimpanzee: in vivo and in
vitro correlations. J Med Primatol. 1989;18(34):343-355.
Nara PL, Robey WG, Arthur LO, et al. Persistent
infection
of
chimpanzees
with
human
immunodeficiency virus: serological responses
and properties of reisolated viruses. J Virol. Oct
1987;61(10):3173-3180.
Narain J.
Caribbean.
1990(10):7.
AIDS
Action.
Apr
Narain JP, Hull B, Hospedales CJ, Mahabir S,
Bassett DC. Epidemiology of AIDS and HIV
infection in the Caribbean. Bull Pan Am Health
Organ. 1989;23(1-2):42-49.
Narayan O, Clements JE, Strandberg JD, Cork
LC, Griffin DE. Biological characterization of the
virus causing leukoencephalitis and arthritis in
goats. J Gen Virol. Sep 1980;50(1):69-79.
Page 67 of 109
Bibliography
Narayan O, Zink MC. Role of macrophages in
lentivirus infections. Adv Vet Sci Comp Med.
1988;32:129-148.
Nathanson N, Langmuir AD. The Cutter Incident.
Poliomyelitis
Following
FormaldehydeInactivated Poliovirus Vaccination in the United
States During the Spring of 1955. Ii.
Relationship of Poliomyelitis to Cutter Vaccine.
Am J Hyg. Jul 1963;78:29-60.
Naucler A, Albino P, Da Silva AP, Andreasson PA,
Andersson S, Biberfeld G. HIV-2 infection in
hospitalized patients in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.
AIDS. Mar 1991;5(3):301-304.
Naucler
A,
Andreasson
PA,
Costa
CM,
Thorstensson R, Biberfeld G. HIV-2-associated
AIDS and HIV-2 seroprevalence in Bissau,
Guinea-Bissau. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr.
1989;2(1):88-93.
Nawar E, Mbulaiteye SM, Gallant JE, et al. Risk
factors for Kaposi's sarcoma among HHV-8
seropositive homosexual men with AIDS. Int J
Cancer. Jun 10 2005;115(2):296-300.
Nawar EW, Cole SR, Farzadegan H, et al. Sexual
activity and Kaposi's sarcoma among human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human
herpesvirus
type 8-coinfected
men.
Ann
Epidemiol. Jul 2008;18(7):517-521.
NCCLS. How to Define and Determine Reference
Intervals in the Clinical Laboratory; Approved
Guideline (NCCLS document C28-A2). Second
Edition ed. Wayne, Pennsylvania Clinical and
Laboratory Standards Institute; 2000.
Ndour M, Sow PS, Coll-Seck AM, et al. AIDS
caused by HIV1 and HIV2 infection: are there
clinical differences? Results of AIDS surveillance
1986-97 at Fann Hospital in Dakar, Senegal.
Trop Med Int Health. Oct 2000;5(10):687-691.
Neale TJ, Dagger J, Fong R, et al. False positive
anti-HTLV III serology. N Z Med J. Oct 23
1985;98(789):914.
Neel C, Etienne L, Li Y, et al. Molecular
epidemiology of simian immunodeficiency virus
infection in wild-living gorillas. J Virol. Feb
2010;84(3):1464-1476.
Neequaye AR, Neequaye J, Mingle JA, Adjei DO.
Preponderance of females with AIDS in Ghana.
Lancet. Oct 25 1986;2(8513):978.
NEJM. Information for Adversiters: New England
Journal
of
Medicine;
2010:http://www.nejmadsales.org/html/circulati
on.html.
Nelson AM, Perriens JH, Kapita B, et al. A clinical
and pathological comparison of the WHO and
CDC case definitions for AIDS in Kinshasa,
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Zaire: is passive surveillance valid? AIDS. Sep
1993;7(9):1241-1245.
Nelson LJ. International travel restrictions and
the AIDS epidemic. Am J Int Law. Jan
1987;81(1):230-236.
Nelson PN, Carnegie PR, Martin J, et al.
Demystified. Human endogenous retroviruses.
Mol Pathol. Feb 2003;56(1):11-18.
Nelson S. Aids origin 'discovered' BBC; February
1, 1999.
Nelson-Rees WA. Responsibility for truth in
research. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Jun
29 2001;356(1410):849-851.
Nemeth A, Bygdeman S, Sandstrom E, Biberfeld
G. Early case of acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome in a child from Zaire. Sex Transm Dis.
Apr-Jun 1986;13(2):111-113.
Neppert J, Gohring S, Schneider W, Wernet P.
No evidence of LAV infection in the Republic of
Liberia, West Africa, in the year 1973. Blut. Aug
1986;53(2):115-117.
Nerrienet
E,
Meertens
L,
Kfutwah
A,
Foupouapouognigni Y, Gessain A. Molecular
epidemiology of simian T-lymphotropic virus
(STLV) in wild-caught monkeys and apes from
Cameroon: a new STLV-1, related to human Tlymphotropic virus subtype F, in a Cercocebus
agilis. J Gen Virol. Dec 2001;82(Pt 12):29732977.
Nerrienet E, Santiago ML, Foupouapouognigni Y,
et al. Simian immunodeficiency virus infection in
wild-caught chimpanzees from cameroon. J
Virol. Jan 2005;79(2):1312-1319.
Newman J, Watts S, Okello R, Watts S, Shannon
G, Pyle G. On "The Origin and Diffusion of AIDS"
by Shannon and Pyle. Annals of the Association
of
American
Geographers.
June
1990;80(2):300-304.
Newmark P. Variations of AIDS virus relatives.
Nature. Apr 9-15 1987;326(6113):548.
Ng VL. Serological diagnosis with recombinant
peptides/proteins. Clin Chem. Oct 1991;37(10 Pt
1):1667-1668.
N'Galy B, Ryder RW. Epidemiology of HIV
infection in Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr.
1988;1(6):551-558.
N'Galy B, Ryder RW, Bila K, et al. Human
immunodeficiency
virus
infection
among
employees in an African hospital. N Engl J Med.
Oct 27 1988;319(17):1123-1127.
Ngare DK, Muttunga JN. Prevalence of
malnutrition in Kenya. East Afr Med J. Jul
1999;76(7):376-380.
Page 68 of 109
Bibliography
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Ngugi EN, Plummer FA, Simonsen JN, et al.
Prevention
of
transmission
of
human
immunodeficiency virus in Africa: effectiveness
of condom promotion and health education
among
prostitutes.
Lancet.
Oct
15
1988;2(8616):887-890.
encephalitis.
1948.
Nguyen-Dinh P, Greenberg AE, Mann JM, et al.
Absence of association between Plasmodium
falciparum
malaria
and
human
immunodeficiency virus infection in children in
Kinshasa, Zaire. Bull World Health Organ.
1987;65(5):607-613.
Nkengasong JN, Kestens L, Ghys PD, et al. Dual
infection with human immunodeficiency virus
type 1 and type 2: impact on HIV type 1 viral
load and immune activation markers in HIVseropositive female sex workers in Abidjan,
Ivory Coast. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Sep
20 2000;16(14):1371-1378.
Nickle DC, Rolland M, Jensen MA, et al. Coping
with viral diversity in HIV vaccine design. PLoS
Comput Biol. Apr 27 2007;3(4):e75.
Nicol I, Messinger D, Dubouch P, et al. Use of
Old
World
monkeys
for
acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome research. J Med
Primatol. 1989;18(3-4):227-236.
Nicolosi A, Correa Leite ML, Musicco M, Arici C,
Gavazzeni G, Lazzarin A. The efficiency of maleto-female
and
female-to-male
sexual
transmission of the human immunodeficiency
virus: a study of 730 stable couples. Italian
Study Group on HIV Heterosexual Transmission.
Epidemiology. Nov 1994;5(6):570-575.
Niedecken H, Lutz G, Bauer R, Kreysel HW.
Langerhans cell as primary target and vehicle for
transmission
of
HIV.
Lancet.
Aug
29
1987;2(8557):519-520.
Niedrig M, Rabanus JP, L'Age Stehr J,
Gelderblom HR, Pauli G. Monoclonal antibodies
directed against human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) gag proteins with specificity for conserved
epitopes
in
HIV-1,
HIV-2
and
simian
immunodeficiency virus. J Gen Virol. Aug
1988;69 ( Pt 8):2109-2114.
Nielsen C, Pedersen C, Lundgren JD, Gerstoft J.
Biological properties of HIV isolates in primary
HIV infection: consequences for the subsequent
course of infection. AIDS. Aug 1993;7(8):10351040.
Nielson CM, Schiaffino MK, Dunne EF, Salemi JL,
Giuliano
AR.
Associations
between
male
anogenital human papillomavirus infection and
circumcision by anatomic site sampled and
lifetime number of female sex partners. J Infect
Dis. Jan 1 2009;199(1):7-13.
NIMS/NACO. Technical Report:
India HIV
Estimates 2006. In: Welfare NIoMSaMoHaF, ed.
New Dehli, India; 2007.
Nishimura Y, Nakamura S, Goto N, et al.
Molecular
characterization
of
feline
immunodeficiency
virus
genome
obtained
directly from organs of a naturally infected cat
with marked neurological symptoms and
Arch
Virol.
1996;141(10):1933-
Nkengasong JN, Janssens W, Heyndrickx L, et
al. Genotypic subtypes of HIV-1 in Cameroon.
AIDS. Oct 1994;8(10):1405-1412.
Nkengasong JN, Peeters M, Ndumbe P, et al.
Cross-neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1ANT70
and HIV-1IIIB in sera of African and Belgian
HIV-1-infected
individuals.
AIDS.
Aug
1994;8(8):1089-1096.
Noel GE. Another case of AIDS in the pre-AIDS
era. Rev Infect Dis. May-Jun 1988;10(3):668669.
Noireau F. HIV transmission from monkey to
man. Lancet. Jun 27 1987;1(8548):1498-1499.
Nooter K, Bentvelzen P. Primate type-C
oncoviruses. Biochim Biophys Acta. Nov 26
1980;605(4):461-487.
Norman C. Africa and the origin of AIDS.
Science. Dec 6 1985;230(4730):1141.
Norrgren H, Andersson S, Biague AJ, et al.
Trends and interaction of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in
Guinea-Bissau, west Africa: no protection of
HIV-2 against HIV-1 infection. AIDS. Apr 16
1999;13(6):701-707.
Norrgren H, Cardoso AN, da Silva ZJ, et al.
Increased prevalence of HIV-2 infection in
hospitalized patients with severe bacterial
diseases in Guinea-Bissau. Scand J Infect Dis.
1997;29(5):453-459.
Norrgren H, Da Silva ZJ, Andersson S, et al.
Clinical features, immunological changes and
mortality in a cohort of HIV-2-infected
individuals in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. Scand J
Infect Dis. 1998;30(4):323-329.
Norrgren H, Marquina S, Leitner T, et al. HIV-2
genetic variation and DNA load in asymptomatic
carriers and AIDS cases in Guinea-Bissau. J
Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. Sep
1 1997;16(1):31-38.
Norris J. Writing on the wall for UNAIDS:
Consequences of mythology. BMJ. May 31
2008;336(7655):1206.
Notarangelo LD. Primary immunodeficiencies. J
Allergy Clin Immunol. Feb 2010;125(2 Suppl
2):S182-194.
Page 69 of 109
Bibliography
Novembre FJ, De Rosayro J, O'Neil SP, Anderson
DC, Klumpp SA, McClure HM. Isolation and
characterization of a neuropathogenic simian
immunodeficiency virus derived from a sooty
mangabey. J Virol. Nov 1998;72(11):88418851.
Novembre FJ, Hirsch VM, McClure HM, Fultz PN,
Johnson PR. SIV from stump-tailed macaques:
molecular
characterization
of
a
highly
transmissible primate lentivirus. Virology. Feb
1992;186(2):783-787.
Novick DM, Des Jarlais DC, Kreek MJ, et al.
Specificity of antibody tests for human
immunodeficiency virus in alcohol and parenteral
drug abusers with chronic liver disease. Alcohol
Clin Exp Res. Oct 1988;12(5):687-690.
Nowinski RC, Edynak E, Sarkar NH. Serological
and structural properties of Mason-Pfizer
monkey virus isolated from the mammary tumor
of a Rhesus monkey. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
Jul 1971;68(7):1608-1612.
Nsubuga
P,
Mugerwa
R,
Nsibambi
J,
Sewankambo N, Katabira E, Berkley S. The
association of genital ulcer disease and HIV
infection at a dermatology-STD clinic in Uganda.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1990;3(10):10021005.
Nunn AJ, Biryahwaho B, Downing RG, van der
Groen G, Ojwiya A, Mulder DW. Algorithms for
detecting antibodies to HIV-1: results from a
rural
Ugandan
cohort.
AIDS.
Aug
1993;7(8):1057-1061.
Nunn AJ, Kengeya-Kayondo JF, Malamba SS,
Seeley JA, Mulder DW. Risk factors for HIV-1
infection in adults in a rural Ugandan
community: a population study. AIDS. Jan
1994;8(1):81-86.
Nunn AJ, Mulder DW, Kamali A, Ruberantwari A,
Kengeya-Kayondo JF, Whitworth J. Mortality
associated with HIV-1 infection over five years in
a rural Ugandan population: cohort study. BMJ.
Sep 27 1997;315(7111):767-771.
Nunn P, Githui W, Gathua S. Tuberculosis and
HIV infection in Kenya. Ann Intern Med. Feb 1
1991;114(3):252-253.
Nunn P, Kibuga D, Elliott A, Gathua S. Impact of
human immunodeficiency virus on transmission
and severity of tuberculosis. Trans R Soc Trop
Med Hyg. 1990;84 Suppl 1:9-13.
Nunn P, Odhiambo J, Elliott A. Tuberculosis and
HIV
infection.
Lancet.
Apr
28
1990;335(8696):1044.
Nuttall P, Pratt R, Nuttall L, Daly C. Falsepositive results with HIV ELISA kits. Lancet. Aug
30 1986;2(8505):512-513.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Nwanyanwu OC, Nahlen BL, Stehr-Green JK,
Berkelman RL. AIDS cases with wasting
syndrome who meet the CDC surveillance
criteria. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Aug
1993;6(8):966-967.
Nyambi PN, Nkengasong J, Lewi P, et al.
Multivariate
analysis
of
human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralization
data. J Virol. Sep 1996;70(9):6235-6243.
Nyambi PN, Willems B, Janssens W, et al. The
neutralization relationship of HIV type 1, HIV
type 2, and SIVcpz is reflected in the genetic
diversity that distinguishes them. AIDS Res Hum
Retroviruses. Jan 1 1997;13(1):7-17.
Nzilambi N, De Cock KM, Forthal DN, et al. The
prevalence
of
infection
with
human
immunodeficiency virus over a 10-year period in
rural
Zaire.
N
Engl
J
Med.
Feb
4
1988;318(5):276-279.
Oaks JL, McGuire TC, Ulibarri C, Crawford TB.
Equine infectious anemia virus is found in tissue
macrophages during subclinical infection. J Virol.
Sep 1998;72(9):7263-7269.
Obaro S. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in
Malawian
children.
Lancet.
Jun
10
2000;355(9220):2074-2075.
Obel AO, Sharif SK, McLigeyo SO, Gitonga E,
Shah MV, Gitau W. Acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome in an African. East Afr Med J. Sep
1984;61(9):724-726.
O'Brien F. AIDS epidemic in Africa. Channel four
tackles
controversy.
BMJ.
May
15
1993;306(6888):1337.
O'Brien PH, Brasfield RD. Kaposi's sarcoma.
Cancer. Nov 1966;19(11):1497-1502.
O'Brien TR, George JR, Epstein JS, Holmberg
SD, Schochetman G. Testing for antibodies to
human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in the
United States. MMWR Recomm Rep. Jul 17
1992;41(RR-12):1-8.
O'Brien TR, George JR, Holmberg SD. Human
immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection in the
United States. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and
public health implications. JAMA. May 27
1992;267(20):2775-2779.
O'Brien TR, Kedes D, Ganem D, et al. Evidence
for concurrent epidemics of human herpesvirus
8 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in
US homosexual men: rates, risk factors, and
relationship to Kaposi's sarcoma. J Infect Dis.
Oct 1999;180(4):1010-1017.
Odehouri K, De Cock KM, Krebs JW, et al. HIV-1
and HIV-2 infection associated with AIDS in
Abidjan,
Cote
d'Ivoire.
AIDS.
Aug
1989;3(8):509-512.
Page 70 of 109
Bibliography
O'Donovan D, Ariyoshi K, Milligan P, et al.
Maternal plasma viral RNA levels determine
marked
differences
in
mother-to-child
transmission rates of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in The
Gambia. MRC/Gambia Government/University
College London Medical School working group on
mother-child transmission of HIV. AIDS. Mar 10
2000;14(4):441-448.
Oettle AG. Geographical and racial differences in
the frequency of Kaposi's sarcoma as evidence
of environmental or genetic causes. Acta Unio
Int Contra Cancrum. 1962;18:330-363.
O'Farrell N. AIDS and the witch doctor. Lancet.
Jul 18 1987;2(8551):166-167.
O'Farrell N. Transmission of HIV: genital
ulceration, sexual behaviour, and circumcision.
Lancet. Nov 11 1989;2(8672):1157.
O'Farrell N, Egger M. Circumcision in men and
the prevention of HIV infection: a 'metaanalysis' revisited. Int J STD AIDS. Mar
2000;11(3):137-142.
Offenstadt G, Pinta P, Hericord P, et al. Multiple
opportunistic infection due to AIDS in a
previously healthy black woman from Zaire. N
Engl J Med. Mar 31 1983;308(13):775.
Ogunsanya TI, Rotimi VO, Adenuga A. A study of
the aetiological agents of childhood diarrhoea in
Lagos,
Nigeria.
J
Med
Microbiol.
Jan
1994;40(1):10-14.
Ogura H, Paulsen J, Bauer H. Crossneutralization of ovine and bovine C-type
leukemia virus-induced syncytia formation.
Cancer Res. May 1977;37(5):1486-1489.
O'Hearn EM. Profiles of Pioneer Women
Scientists. Washington, DC: Acropolis Books Let;
1985:150-159, 160-169.
Ohta Y, Masuda T, Tsujimoto H, et al. Isolation
of simian immunodeficiency virus from African
green monkeys and seroepidemiologic survey of
the virus in various non-human primates. Int J
Cancer. Jan 15 1988;41(1):115-122.
O'Keefe EA, Wood R. AIDS in Africa. Scand J
Gastroenterol Suppl. 1996;220:147-152.
Okello DO, Sewankambo N, Goodgame R, et al.
Absence of bacteremia with Mycobacterium
avium-intracellulare in Ugandan patients with
AIDS. J Infect Dis. Jul 1990;162(1):208-210.
Okonjo-Iweala N, Osafo-Kwaako P. Improving
health statistics in Africa. Lancet. Nov 3
2007;370(9598):1527-1528.
Okpara RA, Akinsete I, Williams EE, Schneider J,
Wendler I, Hunsmann G. Antibodies to human
immunodeficiency
virus
(HTLV-III/LAV)
in
people from Lagos and Cross River States of
Nigeria. Acta Haematol. 1988;79(2):91-93.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Okpara RA, Williams E, Schneider J, Wendler I,
Hunsmann G. Antibodies to human T-cell
leukemia virus types I and III in blood donors
from Calabar, Nigeria. Ann Intern Med. Jan
1986;104(1):132.
Oksenhendler E, Harzic M, Le Roux JM, Rabian
C, Clauvel JP. HIV infection with seroconversion
after a superficial needlestick injury to the
finger. N Engl J Med. Aug 28 1986;315(9):582.
Okubo S, Yasunaga K. Significance of viral coinfections by HIV, HTLV-1, Epstein-Barr virus
and
cytomegalovirus
for
immunological
conditions in Japanese hemophiliacs. Aids. Aug
1988;2(4):318-319.
Olayinka BA, Obi CL. Symptomatic HIV-infection
in infants according to serostatus of mothers
during pregnancy. East Afr Med J. Oct
1999;76(10):566-570.
Oldham LJ, Moulsdale HJ, Mortimer PP, Tedder
RS, Morgan-Capner P. How sensitive are the
commercial assays for anti-HTLV III/LAV? J Med
Virol. Jan 1987;21(1):75-79.
O'Leary JJ. Seeking the cause of Kaposi's
sarcoma. Nat Med. Aug 1996;2(8):862-863.
O'Leary JJ, Kennedy MM, McGee JO. Kaposi's
sarcoma associated herpes virus (KSHV/HHV 8):
epidemiology, molecular biology and tissue
distribution. Mol Pathol. Feb 1997;50(1):4-8.
Olsen SJ, Chang Y, Moore PS, Biggar RJ, Melbye
M. Increasing Kaposi's sarcoma-associated
herpesvirus seroprevalence with age in a highly
Kaposi's sarcoma endemic region, Zambia in
1985. Aids. Oct 1 1998;12(14):1921-1925.
Olumide YM. Nutritional dermatoses in Nigeria.
Int J Dermatol. Jan 1995;34(1):11-16.
Onafuwa-Nuga A, Telesnitsky A. The remarkable
frequency of human immunodeficiency virus
type 1 genetic recombination. Microbiol Mol Biol
Rev.
Sep
2009;73(3):451-480,
Table
of
Contents.
Onipede AO, Idigbe O, Ako-Nai AK, et al. Seroprevalence of HIV antibodies in tuberculosis
patients in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. East Afr Med J. Mar
1999;76(3):127-132.
Operskalski EA, Stram DO, Busch MP, et al. Role
of viral load in heterosexual transmission of
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by blood
transfusion recipients. Transfusion Safety Study
Group.
Am
J
Epidemiol.
Oct
15
1997;146(8):655-661.
Opravil M, Ledergerber B, Furrer H, et al. Clinical
efficacy of early initiation of HAART in patients
with asymptomatic HIV infection and CD4 cell
count > 350 x 10(6) /l. AIDS. Jul 5
2002;16(10):1371-1381.
Page 71 of 109
Bibliography
Orege PA, Fine PE, Lucas SB, et al. A case
control study on human immunodeficiency virus1 (HIV-1) infection as a risk factor for
tuberculosis and leprosy in western Kenya.
Tuber Lung Dis. Dec 1993;74(6):377-381.
Orgain JC. HIV/AIDS: a global epidemic. J Natl
Med Assoc. Jul 2000;92(7):313-314.
Oroszlan S, Copeland TD, Rice NR, et al.
Structural and antigenic characterization of the
proteins of human T-cell leukemia viruses and
their relationships to the gene products of other
retroviruses.
Princess
Takamatsu
Symp.
1984;15:147-157.
Oroszlan S, Sarngadharan MG, Copeland TD,
Kalyanaraman VS, Gilden RV, Gallo RC. Primary
structure analysis of the major internal protein
p24 of human type C T-cell leukemia virus. Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A. Feb 1982;79(4):12911294.
O'Shea S, Chrystie I, Cranston R, et al.
Problems in the interpretation of HIV-1 viral load
assays using commercial reagents. J Med Virol.
Jun 2000;61(2):187-194.
Osmanov S, Pattou C, Walker N, Schwardlander
B, Esparza J. Estimated global distribution and
regional spread of HIV-1 genetic subtypes in the
year 2000. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Feb 1
2002;29(2):184-190.
Osmond D, Bacchetti P, Chaisson RE, et al. Time
of exposure and risk of HIV infection in
homosexual partners of men with AIDS. Am J
Public Health. Aug 1988;78(8):944-948.
Osterhaus A. Catastrophes after crossing species
barriers. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Jun
29 2001;356(1410):791-793.
Osterrieth PM. Vaccine could not have been
prepared in Stanleyville. Philos Trans R Soc Lond
B Biol Sci. Jun 29 2001;356(1410):839.
Otu AA. Kaposi's sarcoma and HTLV-III: a study
in Nigerian adult males. J R Soc Med. Sep
1986;79(9):510-514.
Otu AA. Antibody to the AIDS virus in Kaposi's
sarcoma in Nigeria. J Surg Oncol. Mar
1988;37(3):152-155.
Owen SM, Yang C, Spira T, et al. Alternative
algorithms for human immunodeficiency virus
infection diagnosis using tests that are licensed
in the United States. J Clin Microbiol. May
2008;46(5):1588-1595.
Owens DK, Holodniy M, Garber AM, et al.
Polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of
HIV infection in adults. A meta-analysis with
recommendations for clinical practice and study
design.
Ann
Intern
Med.
May
1
1996;124(9):803-815.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Owino EA, McLigeyo SO, Gathua SN, Nyong'o A.
Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus
infection: its impact on the diagnostic yields in
exudative pleural effusions at the Kenyatta
National Hospital, Nairobi. East Afr Med J. Sep
1996;73(9):575-578.
Oxman AD, Lavis JN, Fretheim A. Use of
evidence in WHO recommendations. Lancet. May
8 2007:1883–1889.
Ozanne G, Fauvel M. Performance and reliability
of
five
commercial
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay kits in screening for antihuman immunodeficiency virus antibody in highrisk
subjects.
J
Clin
Microbiol.
Aug
1988;26(8):1496-1500.
Padian N, Marquis L, Francis DP, et al. Male-tofemale transmission of human immunodeficiency
virus. JAMA. Aug 14 1987;258(6):788-790.
Padian N, Shiboski SC, Jewell NP. Heterosexual
transmission
of
HIV.
JAMA.
Apr
8
1992;267(14):1918-1919.
Padian N, Shiboski SC, Jewell NP. Female-tomale transmission of HIV. JAMA. Oct 14
1992;268(14):1856-1857.
Padian NS. Sexual histories of heterosexual
couples with one HIV-infected partner. Am J
Public Health. Aug 1990;80(8):990-991.
Padian NS, Shiboski SC, Glass SO, Vittinghoff E.
Heterosexual
transmission
of
human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in northern
California: results from a ten-year study. Am J
Epidemiol. Aug 15 1997;146(4):350-357.
Padian NS, Shiboski SC, Jewell NP. The effect of
number of exposures on the risk of heterosexual
HIV
transmission.
J
Infect
Dis.
May
1990;161(5):883-887.
Padian NS, Shiboski SC, Jewell NP. Female-tomale transmission of human immunodeficiency
virus. JAMA. Sep 25 1991;266(12):1664-1667.
Pagano L, Gleissner B, Fianchi L. Breakthrough
zygomycosis and voriconazole. J Infect Dis. Oct
15 2005;192(8):1496-1497; author reply 1497.
Page-Bodkin
K,
Tappero
J,
Samuel
M,
Winkelstein W. Kaposi's sarcoma and faecal-oral
exposure. Lancet. Jun 13 1992;339(8807):1490.
Pahwa S. Human immunodeficiency virus
infection
in
children:
nature
of
immunodeficiency,
clinical
spectrum
and
management. Pediatr Infect Dis J. May 1988;7(5
Suppl):S61-71.
Paillaud E, Merlier I, Dupeyron C, Scherman E,
Poupon J, Bories PN. Oral candidiasis and
nutritional deficiencies in elderly hospitalised
patients. Br J Nutr. Nov 2004;92(5):861-867.
Page 72 of 109
Bibliography
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Palca J. Virus nomenclature: controversy over
AIDS virus extends to name. Nature. May 1-7
1986;321(6065):3.
vaccination of sexual partners of acute viral
hepatitis patients. J Infect. Jul 1983;7 Suppl
1:63-67.
Palca J. Settlement on AIDS finally reached
between US and Pasteur. Nature. Apr 9-15
1987;326(6113):533.
Papaevangelou G, Roumeliotou-Karayannis A,
Vissoulis C, Richardson SC, Krugman S.
Immunogenicity of a five-microgram dose of
hepatitis B vaccine. J Med Virol. Jan
1985;15(1):65-69.
Palca J. The sobering geography of AIDS.
Science. Apr 19 1991;252(5004):372-373.
Pallangyo KJ, Mbaga IM, Mugusi F, et al. Clinical
case definition of AIDS in African adults. Lancet.
Oct 24 1987;2(8565):972.
Palmas W. Misdiagnosis of HIV infection. Ann
Intern Med. Oct 5 1999;131(7):546-547; author
reply 547-548.
Pandrea I, Silvestri G, Apetrei C. AIDS in african
nonhuman primate hosts of SIVs: a new
paradigm of SIV infection. Curr HIV Res. Jan
2009;7(1):57-72.
Pandrea IV, Gautam R, Ribeiro RM, et al. Acute
loss of intestinal CD4+ T cells is not predictive of
simian immunodeficiency virus virulence. J
Immunol. Sep 1 2007;179(5):3035-3046.
Pang S, Shlesinger Y, Daar ES, Moudgil T, Ho
DD, Chen IS. Rapid generation of sequence
variation during primary HIV-1 infection. AIDS.
May 1992;6(5):453-460.
Panlilio AL, Cardo DM, Grohskopf LA, Heneine W,
Ross CS. Updated U.S. Public Health Service
guidelines for the management of occupational
exposures to HIV and recommendations for
postexposure prophylaxis. MMWR Recomm Rep.
Sep 30 2005;54(RR-9):1-17.
Papadopulos-Eleopulos E. Reappraisal of AIDS-is the oxidation induced by the risk factors the
primary
cause?
Med
Hypotheses.
Mar
1988;25(3):151-162.
Papadopulos-Eleopulos
E,
Turner
VF,
Papadimitriou JM. Is a positive western blot
proof of HIV infection? Biotechnology (N Y). Jun
1993;11(6):696-707.
Papaevangelou G. Vaccination against hepatitis
B sexual contacts of contagious patients. Scand
J Infect Dis Suppl. 1983;38:37-41.
Papaevangelou G, Roumeliotou-Karayannis A,
Kallinikos G. The risk of AIDS after hepatitis
vaccination [ Letter ]. Jama. May 24-31
1985;253(20):2960-2961.
Papaevangelou G, Roumeliotou-Karayannis A,
Kallinikos G, Politou K. Lack of antibodies to
LAV/HTLV-III in hepatitis B vaccine recipients.
Eur J Epidemiol. Dec 1985;1(4):323-325.
Papaevangelou G, Roumeliotou-Karayannis A,
Tassopoulos N, Kolaitis N, Contoyannis P,
Krugman
S.
Post-exposure
hepatitis
B
Papaevangelou G, Roumeliotou-Karayannis A,
Vissoulis C, Stathopoulou P, Kolaitis N, Krugman
S. Safety and immunogenicity of a further
reduced dose (10 mcg) of the hepatitis B
vaccine. Dev Biol Stand. 1983;54:209-215.
Papaevangelou G, Roumeliotou-Karayannis A,
Vissoulis C, Stathopoulou P, Kolaitis N, Krugman
S. Reduction of the dose of hepatitis B vaccine. J
Infect. Jul 1983;7 Suppl 1:69-70.
Papaevangelou GJ. Risk of AIDS in recipients of
hepatitis B vaccine. [ Letter ] N Engl J Med
February 7, 1985 1985;312(6):376-377.
Papaevangelou GJ, Vissoulis CG, RoumeliotouKarayannis AJ, Kolaitis N, Krugman S.
Comparison of safety and immunogenicity of
ADW and AYW hepatitis B vaccines. J Med Virol.
1982;9(3):231-236.
Papathanasopoulos MA, Hunt GM, Tiemessen CT.
Evolution and diversity of HIV-1 in Africa--a
review. Virus Genes. 2003;26(2):151-163.
Pape JW, Farmer P, Koenig S, Fitzgerald D,
Wright P, Johnson W. The epidemiology of AIDS
in Haiti refutes the claims of Gilbert et al. Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A. Mar 11 2008;105(10):E13.
Pape JW, Johnson W. Epidemiology of AIDS in
the Caribbean. In: Piot P, Mann J, eds. Balliere's
Clinical Tropical. Medicine and Communicable
Diseases. Vol 3; 1988:31-42.
Pape JW, Liautaud B, Thomas F, et al. The
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Haiti.
Ann Intern Med. Nov 1985;103(5):674-678.
Pape JW, Liautaud B, Thomas F, et al.
Characteristics
of
the
acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Haiti. N
Engl J Med. Oct 20 1983;309(16):945-950.
Pape JW, Liautaud B, Thomas F, et al. Risk
factors associated with AIDS in Haiti. Am J Med
Sci. Jan 1986;291(1):4-7.
Pape JW, Stanback ME, Pamphile M, et al.
Prevalence of HIV infection and high-risk
activities in Haiti. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr.
1990;3(10):995-1001.
Papsidero LD, Poiesz BJ, Montagna RA.
Monoclonal
antibody
identifies
a
highly
conserved and immunodominant epitope of the
human immunodeficiency virus transmembrane
protein. Hybridoma. Apr 1988;7(2):117-128.
Page 73 of 109
Bibliography
Parekh BS, Pau CP, Granade TC, et al.
Oligomeric
nature
of
transmembrane
glycoproteins of HIV-2: procedures for their
efficient dissociation and preparation of Western
blots for diagnosis. AIDS. Aug 1991;5(8):10091013.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
consequences
for
subsequent
course
of
infection. BMJ. Jul 15 1989;299(6692):154-157.
Pedersen NC. Feline retrovirus infections. Dev
Biol Stand. 1990;72:149-155.
Parkin DM, Nambooze S, Wabwire-Mangen F,
Wabinga HR. Changing cancer incidence in
Kampala, Uganda, 1991-2006. Int J Cancer. Mar
1;126(5):1187-1195.
Pedersen NC, Lowenstine L, Marx P, et al. The
causes of false-positives encountered during the
screening of old-world primates for antibodies to
human and simian retroviruses by ELISA. J Virol
Methods. Nov 1986;14(3-4):213-228.
Parkin DM, Sitas F, Chirenje M, Stein L, Abratt
R, Wabinga H. Part I: Cancer in Indigenous
Africans--burden, distribution, and
trends.
Lancet Oncol. Jul 2008;9(7):683-692.
Pedersen NC, Yamamoto JK, Ishida T, Hansen H.
Feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Vet
Immunol Immunopathol. May 1989;21(1):111129.
Parkin DM, Wabinga H, Nambooze S, WabwireMangen F. AIDS-related cancers in Africa:
maturation of the epidemic in Uganda. AIDS.
Dec 24 1999;13(18):2563-2570.
HIV Modeling and Projection. Bangkok, Thailand;
2011.
Parratt D. Nutrition and immunity. Proc Nutr
Soc. May 1980;39(2):133-140.
Parrish CR, O'Connell PH, Evermann JF,
Carmichael LE. Natural variation of canine
parvovirus.
Science.
Nov
29
1985;230(4729):1046-1048.
Peeters M. Recombinant HIV Sequences: Their
Role in the Global Epidemic: Los Alamos
National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico;
2000.
Peeters M. Cross-species transmissions of simian
retroviruses in Africa and risk for human health.
Lancet. Mar 20 2004;363(9413):911-912.
Parry JV, Richmond J, Edwards N, Noone A.
Spurious malarial antibodies in HIV infection.
Lancet. Dec 5 1992;340(8832):1412-1413.
Peeters M, Courgnaud V. Overview of Primate
Lentiviruses and Their Evolution in Non-human
Primates in Africa: Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; 2002. LAUR 03-3564.
Pasko MT, Bartholomew WR, Beam TR, Jr.,
Amsterdam D, Cunningham EE. Long-term
evaluation of the hepatitis B vaccine (HeptavaxB) in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis.
Apr 1988;11(4):326-331.
Peeters M, Courgnaud V, Abela B, et al. Risk to
human health from a plethora of simian
immunodeficiency viruses in primate bushmeat.
Emerg Infect Dis. May 2002;8(5):451-457.
Pathela P, Hajat A, Schillinger J, Blank S, Sell R,
Mostashari F. Discordance between sexual
behavior and self-reported sexual identity: a
population-based survey of New York City men.
Ann Intern Med. Sep 19 2006;145(6):416-425.
Peeters M, Fransen K, Delaporte E, et al.
Isolation and characterization of a new
chimpanzee lentivirus (simian immunodeficiency
virus isolate cpz-ant) from a wild-captured
chimpanzee. AIDS. May 1992;6(5):447-451.
Pau CP, Granade TC, Parekh B, et al.
Misidentification of HIV-2 proteins by western
blots. Lancet. Mar 9 1991;337(8741):616-617.
Peeters M, Honore C, Huet T, et al. Isolation and
partial characterization of an HIV-related virus
occurring naturally in chimpanzees in Gabon.
AIDS. Oct 1989;3(10):625-630.
Paul DA, Falk LA, Kessler HA, et al. Correlation
of serum HIV antigen and antibody with clinical
status in HIV-infected patients. J Med Virol. Aug
1987;22(4):357-363.
Payne K. HIV infection in the Dominican
Republic. JAMA. Jul 3 1987;258(1):46-47.
Pear R. Health Chief Calls AIDS Battle 'No. 1
Priority'. New York Times, May 25, 1983
Peeters M, Janssens W, Fransen K, et al.
Isolation of simian immunodeficiency viruses
from two sooty mangabeys in Cote d'Ivoire:
virological and genetic characterization and
relationship to other HIV type 2 and SIVsm/mac
strains. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Oct
1994;10(10):1289-1294.
Pearlman ES, Ballas SK. False-positive human
immunodeficiency virus screening test related to
rabies vaccination. Arch Pathol Lab Med. Aug
1994;118(8):805-806.
Peeters M, Nkengasong J, Willems B, et al.
Antibodies to V3 loop peptides derived from
chimpanzee lentiviruses and the divergent HIV1ANT-70 isolate in human sera from different
geographic
regions.
AIDS.
Dec
1994;8(12):1657-1661.
Pedersen C, Lindhardt BO, Jensen BL, et al.
Clinical course of primary HIV infection:
Pellow D. STDs and AIDS in Ghana. Genitourin
Med. Dec 1994;70(6):418-423.
Page 74 of 109
Bibliography
Pepin J, Morgan G, Dunn D, et al. HIV-2-induced
immunosuppression among asymptomatic West
African prostitutes: evidence that HIV-2 is
pathogenic, but less so than HIV-1. AIDS. Oct
1991;5(10):1165-1172.
Pepin J, Plamondon M, Alves AC, Beaudet M,
Labbe AC. Parenteral transmission during
excision and treatment of tuberculosis and
trypanosomiasis may be responsible for the HIV2 epidemic in Guinea-Bissau. AIDS. Jun 12
2006;20(9):1303-1311.
Perez LG, Davis GL, Hunter E. Mutants of the
Rous sarcoma virus envelope glycoprotein that
lack the transmembrane anchor and cytoplasmic
domains: analysis of intracellular transport and
assembly
into
virions.
J
Virol.
Oct
1987;61(10):2981-2988.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Phair J, Hoover D, Huprikar J, et al. The
significance
of
western
blot
assays
indeterminate for antibody to HIV in a cohort of
homosexual/bisexual men. The Multicenter AIDS
Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Oct
1992;5(10):988-992.
Phair JP, Wolinsky S. Diagnosis of infection with
the human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect
Dis. Jul 1992;15(1):13-16.
Phanuphak P. Ethical issues in studies in
Thailand of the vertical transmission of HIV. N
Engl J Med. Mar 19 1998;338(12):834-835.
Phillips
A,
Johnson
A.
Female-to-male
transmission
of
HIV.
JAMA.
Oct
14
1992;268(14):1855-1856; author reply 18561857.
Perk K. Ungulate lentiviruses: pathogenesis and
relationship to AIDS. Adv Vet Sci Comp Med.
1988;32:97-128.
Phillips AN. Response: HIV-2 and Natural
Protection Against HIV-1 Infection. Science. Jun
28 1996;272(5270):1961-1962.
Perkins HA. More on transmission of HIV by
blood transfusion. N Engl J Med. Feb 16
1989;320(7):463.
Phillips JI, Sher R. Kaposi's sarcoma in different
populations in South Africa. S Afr Med J. May 16
1987;71(10):615-619.
Peterlin BM, Luciw PA. Molecular biology of HIV.
AIDS. 1988;2 Suppl 1:S29-40.
Phillips KA, Flatt SJ, Morrison KR, Coates TJ.
Potential use of home HIV testing. N Engl J Med.
May 11 1995;332(19):1308-1310.
Peterman TA, Beral V, Berkelman RL, Jaffe HW.
Kaposi's sarcoma among persons with AIDS: a
sexually transmitted infection? Lancet. Jan 20
1990;335(8682):123-128.
Peterman TA, Curran JW. Sexual transmission of
human immunodeficiency virus. JAMA. Oct 2431 1986;256(16):2222-2226.
Peterman TA, Drotman DP, Curran JW.
Epidemiology of the acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS). Epidemiol Rev. 1985;7:1-21.
Peterman TA, Lang GR, Mikos NJ, et al. HTLVIII/LAV infection in hemodialysis patients. JAMA.
May 2 1986;255(17):2324-2326.
Peterman TA, Stoneburner RL, Allen JR, Jaffe
HW,
Curran
JW.
Risk
of
human
immunodeficiency
virus
transmission
from
heterosexual adults with transfusion-associated
infections. JAMA. Jan 1 1988;259(1):55-58.
Petricciani JC. Licensed tests for antibody to
human T-lymphotropic virus type III. Sensitivity
and
specificity.
Ann
Intern
Med.
Nov
1985;103(5):726-729.
Petricciani JC, Epstein JS. The effects of the
AIDS epidemic on the safety of the nation's
blood supply. Public Health Rep. May-Jun
1988;103(3):236-241.
Pezzella M, Caprilli F, Vonesch N, et al. Detection
of HIV genome in HIV antibody negative men.
Genitourin Med. Oct 1989;65(5):293-299.
Philpot CR, Harcourt C, Edwards J, Grealis A.
Human immunodeficiency virus and female
prostitutes, Sydney 1985. Genitourin Med. Jun
1988;64(3):193-197.
Philpot CR, Harcourt C, Edwards J, Grealis A.
Human immunodeficiency virus and female
prostitutes, Sydney 1985. Genitourin Med. Jun
1988;64(3):193-197.
PHLSCDSC. Surveillance of the acquired immune
deficiency syndrome in the United Kingdom,
January 1982-July 1983. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed).
Aug 6 1983;287(6389):407-408.
Phuphuakrat A, Auewarakul P. Functional
variability of Rev response element in HIV-1
primary
isolates.
Virus
Genes.
Jan
2005;30(1):23-29.
Pica F, Volpi A. Transmission of human
herpesvirus 8: an update. Curr Opin Infect Dis.
Apr 2007;20(2):152-156.
Picchio GR, Muchinik GR, Bouzas MB, et al. HIV
isolations
in
Argentina.
AIDS.
Jun
1988;2(3):228-229.
Piedade J, Venenno T, Prieto E, et al.
Longstanding presence of HIV-2 infection in
Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Acta Trop. Sep 18
2000;76(2):119-124.
Pieniazek D, Yang C, Lal R. Phylogenetic
Analysis of gp41 Envelope of HIV-1 Groups M, N,
Page 75 of 109
Bibliography
and O: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los
Alamos, New Mexico; 1998.
Pifer LL, Hughes WT, Stagno S, Woods D.
Pneumocystis carinii infection: evidence for high
prevalence in normal and immunosuppressed
children. Pediatrics. Jan 1978;61(1):35-41.
Piguet V, Trono D. A Structure-function Analysis
of the Nef Protein of Primate Lentiviruses: Los
Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New
Mexico; 1999.
Pilcher CD, Christopoulos KA, Golden M. Public
health rationale for rapid nucleic acid or p24
antigen tests for HIV. J Infect Dis. Apr 15
2010;201 Suppl 1:S7-15.
Pilon VA, Echols RM, Celo JS, Elmendorf SL.
Disseminated Pneumocystis carinii infection in
AIDS.
N
Engl
J
Med.
May
28
1987;316(22):1410-1411.
Pinching A. Bacteraemias in HIV-positive
patients. Lancet. Oct 6 1990;336(8719):877878.
Pinching AJ. The acquired immune deficiency
syndrome.
Clin
Exp
Immunol.
Apr
1984;56(1):1-13.
Pinching AJ. AIDS and Africa: lessons for us all.
J R Soc Med. Sep 1986;79(9):501-503.
Pinching AJ. Clinical aspects of AIDS and HIV
infection in the developed world. Br Med Bull.
Jan 1988;44(1):89-100.
Pinching AJ, McManus TJ, Jeffries DJ, et al.
Studies
of
cellular
immunity
in
male
homosexuals in London. Lancet. Jul 16
1983;2(8342):126-130.
Pinkerton SD, Martin JN, Roland ME, Katz MH,
Coates TJ, Kahn JO. Cost-effectiveness of
postexposure prophylaxis after sexual or
injection-drug
exposure
to
human
immunodeficiency virus. Arch Intern Med. Jan 12
2004;164(1):46-54.
Pinter A, Honnen WJ, Tilley SA, et al. Oligomeric
structure of gp41, the transmembrane protein of
human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol.
Jun 1989;63(6):2674-2679.
Pinto LA, Landay AL, Berzofsky JA, Kessler HA,
Shearer GM. Immune response to human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in healthcare
workers
occupationally
exposed
to
HIVcontaminated blood. Am J Med. May 19
1997;102(5B):21-24.
Piot P, Carael M. Epidemiological and sociological
aspects of HIV-infection in developing countries.
Br Med Bull. Jan 1988;44(1):68-88.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Piot P, Colebunders R. Clinical manifestations
and the natural history of HIV infection in adults.
West J Med. Dec 1987;147(6):709-712.
Piot P, Eyckmans L. Epidemiologie de l'infection
HIV-2 en Afrique. Médecine et Maladies
Infectieuses. December 1988;18(Suppl 5):682686.
Piot P, Kreiss JK, Ndinya-Achola JO, et al.
Heterosexual transmission of HIV. Aids. Dec
1987;1(4):199-206.
Piot P, Laga M. Prostitutes: a high risk group for
HIV
infection?
Soz
Praventivmed.
1988;33(7):336-339.
Piot P, Plummer FA, Mhalu FS, Lamboray JL,
Chin J, Mann JM. AIDS: an international
perspective.
Science.
Feb
5
1988;239(4840):573-579.
Piot P, Plummer FA, Rey MA, et al. Retrospective
seroepidemiology of AIDS virus infection in
Nairobi
populations.
J
Infect
Dis.
Jun
1987;155(6):1108-1112.
Piot P, Quinn TC, Taelman H, et al. Acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome in a heterosexual
population
in
Zaire.
Lancet.
Jul
14
1984;2(8394):65-69.
Piszkiewicz D. HTLV-III antibodies after immune
globulin. Jama. Jan 16 1987;257(3):316.
Piszkiewicz D, Mankarious S, Holst S, Dillon K.
HIV antibodies in commercial immune globulins.
Lancet. Jun 7 1986;1(8493):1327.
Pitchenik AE. Tuberculosis control and the AIDS
epidemic in developing countries. Ann Intern
Med. Jul 15 1990;113(2):89-91.
Pitchenik AE, Fischl MA, Dickinson GM, et al.
Opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma
among Haitians: evidence of a new acquired
immunodeficiency state. Ann Intern Med. Mar
1983;98(3):277-284.
Pitchenik AE, Shafron RD, Glasser RM, Spira TJ.
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the
wife of a hemophiliac. Ann Intern Med. Jan
1984;100(1):62-65.
Pitchenik AE, Spira TJ, Elie R, et al. Prevalence
of HTLV-III/LAV antibodies among Haitians. N
Engl J Med. Jun 27 1985;312(26):1705-1706.
Piwowar-Manning EM, Tustin NB, Sikateyo P, et
al. Validation of rapid HIV antibody tests in 5
African countries. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS
Care (Chic Ill). May-Jun 2010;9(3):170-172.
Plantier JC, Leoz M, Dickerson JE, et al. A new
human immunodeficiency virus derived from
gorillas. Nat Med. Aug 2009;15(8):871-872.
Page 76 of 109
Bibliography
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Platt B, Szmuness. Hepatitis B vaccine [ Letter ]
N Engl J Med. Feb 5 1981;304(6):363-364.
zoonoses of wildlife origin. Int J Parasitol. Oct
2005;35(11-12):1279-1294.
Plotkin SA. Untruths and consequences: the
false hypothesis linking CHAT type 1 polio
vaccination
to
the
origin
of
human
immunodeficiency virus. Philos Trans R Soc Lond
B Biol Sci. Jun 29 2001;356(1410):815-823.
Pontes HA, Neto NC, Ferreira KB, et al. Oral
manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency: a case
report. J Can Dent Assoc. Sep 2009;75(7):533537.
Plotkin SA, Lebrun A, Koprowski H. Vaccination
with the CHAT strain of type 1 attenuated
poliomyelitis virus in Leopoldville. Belgian
Congo. 2. Studies of the safety and efficacy of
vaccination.
Bull
World
Health
Organ.
1960;22:215-234.
Plotkin SA, Loupi E, Blondeau C. False-positive
human immunodeficiency virus screening test
related to rabies vaccination. Arch Pathol Lab
Med. Aug 1995;119(8):679.
Plotkin SA, Teuwen DE, Prinzie A, Desmyter J.
Postscript relating to new allegations made by
Edward Hooper at The Royal Society Discussion
Meeting on 11 September 2000. Philos Trans R
Soc
Lond
B
Biol
Sci.
Jun
29
2001;356(1410):825-829.
Poiesz BJ, Ruscetti FW, Gazdar AF, Bunn PA,
Minna JD, Gallo RC. Detection and isolation of
type C retrovirus particles from fresh and
cultured lymphocytes of a patient with
cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A. Dec 1980;77(12):7415-7419.
Pokrovskii VI, Pokrovskii VV, Potekaev NS,
Karetkina E, Astaf'eva NV. [The first case of
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in an
USSR citizen]. Ter Arkh. 1988;60(7):10-14.
Pokrovskii VV, Eramova I. [The penetration of
HIV into the population of Moscow homosexuals
and its spread]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol
Immunobiol. May 1990(5):18-22.
Pokrovskii VV, Mazus AI, Akimov AI. [An
anonymous survey of the population for
antibodies to the virus causing AIDS]. Zh
Mikrobiol
Epidemiol
Immunobiol.
Mar
1989(3):53-57.
Poleski MH. Kaposi's sarcoma and hepatitis B
vaccine [ LETTER ]. Ann Intern Med. Nov
1982;97(5):786-787.
Poli
G,
Pantaleo
G,
Fauci
AS.
Immunopathogenesis
of
human
immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Infect Dis.
Aug 1993;17 Suppl 1:S224-229.
Pollard DR, Gill P, Day A. The group-specific
protein marker: a possible indicator of syphilis,
not human immunodeficiency virus infection.
CMAJ. Jun 1 1988;138(11):1013-1015.
Polley L. Navigating parasite webs and parasite
flow: emerging and re-emerging parasitic
Popovic M, Sarin PS, Robert-Gurroff M, et al.
Isolation and transmission of human retrovirus
(human t-cell leukemia virus). Science. Feb 18
1983;219(4586):856-859.
Popovic M, Sarngadharan MG, Read E, Gallo RC.
Detection, isolation, and continuous production
of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from
patients with AIDS and pre-AIDS. Science. May
4 1984;224(4648):497-500.
Popovsky M, Lenes B, Buenano A, McDonald H.
HIV-2 seroprevalence in targeted blood donors:
1990-1991
(abstract
S178).
Transfusion
1991;31(suppl):49S.
Popper SJ, Sarr AD, Gueye-Ndiaye A, Mboup S,
Essex ME, Kanki PJ. Low plasma human
immunodeficiency virus type 2 viral load is
independent of proviral load: low virus
production
in
vivo.
J
Virol.
Feb
2000;74(3):1554-1557.
Popper SJ, Sarr AD, Travers KU, et al. Lower
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2
viral load reflects the difference in pathogenicity
of HIV-1 and HIV-2. J Infect Dis. Oct
1999;180(4):1116-1121.
Post MJ, Chan JC, Hensley GT, Hoffman TA,
Moskowitz
LB,
Lippmann
S. Toxoplasma
encephalitis in Haitian adults with acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome:
a
clinicalpathologic-CT correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol.
May 1983;140(5):861-868.
Potterat JJ, Phillips L, Muth JB. Lying to military
physicians about risk factors for HIV infections.
JAMA. Apr 3 1987;257(13):1727.
Potts KE, Kalish ML, Bandea CI, et al. Genetic
diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type
1 strains in Kinshasa, Zaire. AIDS Res Hum
Retroviruses. Jul 1993;9(7):613-618.
Poulsen AG, Aaby P, Jensen H, Dias F. Risk
factors for HIV-2 seropositivity among older
people in Guinea-Bissau. A search for the early
history of HIV-2 infection. Scand J Infect Dis.
2000;32(2):169-175.
Poulsen AG, Aaby P, Larsen O, et al. 9-year HIV2-associated mortality in an urban community in
Bissau,
west
Africa.
Lancet.
Mar
29
1997;349(9056):911-914.
Poulsen AG, Kvinesdal B, Aaby P, et al.
Prevalence of and mortality from human
immunodeficiency virus type 2 in Bissau, West
Africa. Lancet. Apr 15 1989;1(8642):827-831.
Page 77 of 109
Bibliography
Povolotsky J, Polsky B, Laurence J, Jindal R,
Rozon-Solomon M, Burrows L. Withdrawal of
conclusion: false positive tests for HIV in a
woman with lupus. N Engl J Med. Sep 29
1994;331(13):881-882.
Power MD, Marx PA, Bryant ML, Gardner MB,
Barr PJ, Luciw PA. Nucleotide sequence of SRV1, a type D simian acquired immune deficiency
syndrome
retrovirus.
Science.
Mar
28
1986;231(4745):1567-1572.
Powers KA, Poole C, Pettifor AE, Cohen MS.
Rethinking the heterosexual infectivity of HIV-1:
a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet
Infect Dis. Sep 2008;8(9):553-563.
Prat JJ, Besson-Leaud M, Lavaud J, Cloup M,
Nezelof C. Diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii
pneumonia using an endobronchial brushing
technique. A report on twenty-one cases in
immunocompromised children. Eur J Pediatr.
1980;133(1):41-45.
Press A. Study Suggests AIDS Virus Didn't Come
From Monkeys. New York Times, June 2, 1988.
Price RW, Brew BJ. The AIDS dementia complex.
J Infect Dis. Nov 1988;158(5):1079-1083.
Prince A.M. HB. Hepatitis C and immune
globulin.
N
Engl
J
Med.
May
4
1995;332(18):1236.
Prince AM, Brotman B, Lee DH, Andrus L,
Valinsky J, Marx P. Lack of evidence for HIV type
1-related SIVcpz infection in captive and wild
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in West
Africa. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Jun 10
2002;18(9):657-660.
Prince AM, John V, Betsy B, Nobuo H, Van den
Ende M. Comparative Evaluations of Hepatitis B
Vaccines in Chimpanzees and in Man. In: Vyas
GN, Cohen SN, Schmid R, eds. Viral Hepatitis:
A Contemporary Assessment of Etiology,
Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Prevention.
Philadelphia: Franklin Institute Press; 1978:507523.
Prince AM, Piet MP, Horowitz B. Effect of Cohn
fractionation conditions on infectivity of the
AIDS
virus.
N
Engl
J
Med.
Feb
6
1986;314(6):386-387.
Prince AM, Szmuness W, Mann MK, et al.
Hepatitis B immune globulin: final report of a
controlled, multicenter trial of efficacy in
prevention of dialysis-associated hepatitis. J
Infect Dis. Feb 1978;137(2):131-144.
Prince AM, Szmuness W, Woods KR, Grady GF.
Antibody
against
serum-hepatitis
antigen.
Prevalence and potential use as immune serum
globulin in prevention of serum-hepatitis
infections.
N
Engl
J
Med.
Oct
21
1971;285(17):933-938.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Proffitt MR, Yen-Lieberman B. Laboratory
diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus
infection. Infect Dis Clin North Am. Jun
1993;7(2):203-219.
Prozesky OW, Stevens CE, Szmuness W, et al.
Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in
newborns. J Infect. Jul 1983;7 Suppl 1:53-55.
Prozesky OW, Szmuness W, Stevens CE, et al.
Baseline epidemiological studies for a hepatitis B
vaccine trial in Kangwane. S Afr Med J. Nov 26
1983;64(23):891-893.
Purcell RH, Gerin JL. Hepatitis B subunit vaccine:
a preliminary report of safety and efficacy tests
in chimpanzees. Am J Med Sci. Sep-Oct
1975;270(2):395-399.
Purcell RH, Gerin JL. Hepatitis B vaccines. On
the threshold. Am J Clin Pathol. Jul 1978;70(1
Suppl):159-169.
Putkonen P, Albert J, Karlsson A, et al. Group
specific component and susceptibility to HIV
infection and progression to AIDS. Scand J
Infect Dis. 1988;20(1):11-14.
Putney SD, Matthews TJ, Robey WG, et al.
HTLV-III/LAV-neutralizing antibodies to an E.
coli-produced fragment of the virus envelope.
Science. Dec 12 1986;234(4782):1392-1395.
Pybus OG, Charleston MA, Gupta S, Rambaut A,
Holmes EC, Harvey PH. The epidemic behavior
of the hepatitis C virus. Science. Jun 22
2001;292(5525):2323-2325.
Pyrgos V, Shoham S, Roilides E, Walsh TJ.
Pneumocystis pneumonia in children. Paediatr
Respir Rev. Dec 2009;10(4):192-198.
Qiu M, Liu X, Jiang Y, et al. Current HIV-2
diagnostic
strategy
overestimates
HIV-2
prevalence in China. J Med Virol. May
2009;81(5):790-797.
Qu L, Jenkins F, Triulzi DJ. Human herpesvirus 8
genomes and seroprevalence in United States
blood
donors.
Transfusion.
May
2010;50(5):1050-1056.
Quagliarello V. The Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome: current status. Yale J Biol Med. SepDec 1982;55(5-6):443-452.
Quinn TC, Mann JM, Curran JW, Piot P. AIDS in
Africa: an epidemiologic paradigm. Science. Nov
21 1986;234(4779):955-963.
Quinn TC, Piot P, McCormick JB, et al. Serologic
and immunologic studies in patients with AIDS
in North America and Africa. The potential role
of infectious agents as cofactors in human
immunodeficiency virus infection. Jama. May 15
1987;257(19):2617-2621.
Page 78 of 109
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Bibliography
Quinnan GV, Jr., Siegel JP, Epstein JS,
Manischewitz
JF,
Barnes
S,
Wells
MA.
Mechanisms of T-cell functional deficiency in the
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann
Intern Med. Nov 1985;103(5):710-714.
Ratner L, Philpott T, Trowbridge DB. Nucleotide
sequence analysis of isolates of human Tlymphotropic
virus
type
1
of
diverse
geographical
origins.
AIDS
Res
Hum
Retroviruses. Nov 1991;7(11):923-941.
Rabkin CS, Goedert JJ. Risk of non-Hodgkin
lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual
men. Lancet. Jul 28 1990;336(8709):248-249.
Ravera M, Reggiori A, Cocozza E, Andreata M,
Ciantia F. Kaposi's sarcoma and AIDS in
Uganda: its frequency and gastrointestinal
distribution.
Ital
J
Gastroenterol.
Sep
1994;26(7):329-333.
Raccurt CP, Brasseur P, Verdier RI, et al.
[Human cryptosporidiosis and Cryptosporidium
spp. in Haiti]. Trop Med Int Health. Jun
2006;11(6):929-934.
Raftery M, Muller A, Schonrich G. Herpesvirus
homologues of cellular genes. Virus Genes.
2000;21(1-2):65-75.
Ragni MV, Kingsley LA, Zhou SJ. The effect of
antiviral therapy on the natural history of human
immunodeficiency virus infection in a cohort of
hemophiliacs. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr.
1992;5(2):120-126.
Ramaiah RS. AIDS in India. Lancet. Jul 4
1992;340(8810):58.
Ramalingaswami. India: national plan for AIDS
control. Lancet. May 9 1992;339(8802):11621163.
Ramjee G, Gouws E. Prevalence of HIV among
truck drivers visiting sex workers in KwaZuluNatal, South Africa. Sex Transm Dis. Jan
2002;29(1):44-49.
Rangan SR. C-type
nonhuman primates.
1974;24(1):193-203.
oncogenic viruses of
Lab Anim Sci. Feb
Ranki A, Kurki P, Riepponen S, Stephansson E.
Antibodies to retroviral proteins in autoimmune
connective tissue disease. Relation to clinical
manifestations
and
ribonucleoprotein
autoantibodies.
Arthritis
Rheum.
Dec
1992;35(12):1483-1491.
Ransohoff DF, Feinstein AR. Problems of
spectrum and bias in evaluating the efficacy of
diagnostic tests. N Engl J Med. Oct 26
1978;299(17):926-930.
Ravn P, Lundgren JD, Kjaeldgaard P, et al.
Nosocomial outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in
AIDS patients. BMJ. Feb 2 1991;302(6771):277280.
Rawling A. The AIDS Virus Dispute: Awarding
Priority for the Discovery of the Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus
(HIV).
Science,
Technology,
&
Human
Values.
Summer
1994;19(3):342-360.
Rayfield M, De Cock K, Heyward W, et al. Mixed
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in
an individual: demonstration of both HIV type 1
and type 2 proviral sequences by using
polymerase chain reaction. J Infect Dis. Dec
1988;158(6):1170-1176.
Razvi S, Schneider L, Jonas MM, CunninghamRundles
C.
Outcome
of
intravenous
immunoglobulin-transmitted hepatitis C virus
infection in primary immunodeficiency. Clin
Immunol. Dec 2001;101(3):284-288.
Redfield RR, Markham PD, Salahuddin SZ,
Wright DC, Sarngadharan MG, Gallo RC.
Heterosexually acquired HTLV-III/LAV disease
(AIDS-related complex and AIDS). Epidemiologic
evidence for female-to-male transmission. JAMA.
Oct 18 1985;254(15):2094-2096.
Redfield RR, Wright DC, Tramont EC. The Walter
Reed staging classification for HTLV-III/LAV
infection. N Engl J Med. Jan 9 1986;314(2):131132.
Rees
M.
AIDS
incubation
haemophiliacs.
Nature.
1988;332(6162):312.
period
Mar
in
24
Ras GJ, Simson IW, Anderson R, Prozesky OW,
Hamersma
T.
Acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome. A report of 2 South African cases. S
Afr Med J. Jul 23 1983;64(4):140-142.
Reeves JD, Doms RW. Human immunodeficiency
virus type 2. J Gen Virol. Jun 2002;83(Pt
6):1253-1265.
Ratner L, Gallo RC, Wong-Staal F. HTLV-III,
LAV, ARV are variants of same AIDS virus.
Nature. Feb 21-27 1985;313(6004):636-637.
Reichert CM, O'Leary TJ, Levens DL, Simrell CR,
Macher AM. Autopsy pathology in the acquired
immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Pathol. Sep
1983;112(3):357-382.
Ratner L, Haseltine W, Patarca R, et al.
Complete nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus,
HTLV-III.
Nature.
Jan
24-30
1985;313(6000):277-284.
Reid A, Dedicoat M, Lalloo D, Gilks CF. Trends in
adult medical admissions in a rural South African
hospital between 1991 and 2002. J Acquir
Immune Defic Syndr. Sep 1 2005;40(1):53-56.
Page 79 of 109
Bibliography
Reinacher
M.
Diseases
associated
with
spontaneous feline leukemia virus (FeLV)
infection in cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol.
May 1989;21(1):85-95.
Rekart ML. Writing on the wall for UNAIDS: Let's
use our tools creatively. BMJ. May 31
2008;336(7655):1206.
Reniers G, Araya T, Davey G, et al. Steep
declines in population-level AIDS mortality
following the introduction of antiretroviral
therapy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. AIDS. Feb 20
2009;23(4):511-518.
Rennie JS, Hutcheon AW, MacFarlane TW,
MacDonald DG. The role of iron deficiency in
experimentally-induced oral candidosis in the
rat. J Med Microbiol. Aug 1983;16(3):363-369.
Renwick N, Schulz T, Goudsmit J. Kaposi’s
Sarcoma and Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated
Herpesvirus/Human
Herpesvirus
8:
An
Overview: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los
Alamos, New Mexico; 1999.
Requejo HI. Worldwide molecular epidemiology
of HIV. Rev Saude Publica. Apr 2006;40(2):331345.
Resneck JS, Jr., Van Beek M, Furmanski L, et al.
Etiology of pruritic papular eruption with HIV
infection
in
Uganda.
JAMA.
Dec
1
2004;292(21):2614-2621.
Reuters. Panel: Impure Polio Shots May Have
Caused Cancer. Yahoo News. Tuesday, October
22 2002.
Reuters. U.N. Agency Says there may be 50,000
cases of AIDS in Africa. New York Times, June 6,
1986.
Rey F, Salaun D, Lesbordes JL, et al. HIV-I and
HIV-II double infection in Central African
Republic. Lancet. Dec 13 1986;2(8520):13911392.
Rey MA, Girard PM, Harzic M, Madjar JJ, BrunVezinet F, Saimot AG. HIV-1 and HIV-2 double
infection in French homosexual male with AIDSrelated complex (Paris, 1985). Lancet. Feb 14
1987;1(8529):388-389.
Rey-Cuille MA, Berthier JL, Bomsel-Demontoy
MC, et al. Simian immunodeficiency virus
replicates to high levels in sooty mangabeys
without
inducing
disease.
J
Virol.
May
1998;72(5):3872-3886.
Rezza G, Andreoni M, Dorrucci M, et al. Human
herpesvirus 8 seropositivity and risk of Kaposi's
sarcoma and other acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome-related diseases. J Natl Cancer Inst.
Sep 1 1999;91(17):1468-1474.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Rezza G, Greco D. AIDS: drug addicts,
homosexual males and international travel. Aids.
Sep 1987;1(3):191.
Rezza G, Ippolito G, Marasca G, Greco D. AIDS
in Italy. Lancet. Sep 15 1984;2(8403):642.
Ribeiro TT, Brites C, Moreira ED, Jr., et al.
Serologic validation of HIV infection in a tropical
area. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. Mar
1993;6(3):319-322.
Ribera EF, Dutka AJ. Polyneuropathy associated
with administration of hepatitis B vaccine. N
Engl J Med. Sep 8 1983;309(10):614-615.
Ricard D, Wilkins A, N'Gum PT, et al. The effects
of HIV-2 infection in a rural area of GuineaBissau. AIDS. Jul 1994;8(7):977-982.
Rice NR, Stephens RM, Burny A, Gilden RV. The
gag and pol genes of bovine leukemia virus:
nucleotide sequence and analysis. Virology. Apr
30 1985;142(2):357-377.
Rich JD, Merriman NA, Mylonakis E, et al.
Misdiagnosis of HIV infection by HIV-1 plasma
viral load testing: a case series. Ann Intern Med.
Jan 5 1999;130(1):37-39.
Rich V. AIDS: Poland's minister for prophylaxis.
Nature.
September
12,
1985
1985;317(6033):100.
Rich V. Poland: no sympathy for AIDS patients.
Lancet. May 9 1992;339(8802):1163.
Rich V. Poland: HIV testing for inpatients?
Lancet. Jun 12 1993;341(8859):1527.
Richman DD, McCutchan JA, Spector SA.
Detecting human immunodeficiency virus RNA in
peripheral blood mononuclear cells by nucleic
acid
hybridization.
J
Infect
Dis.
Nov
1987;156(5):823-827.
Rieder HL, Cauthen GM, Bloch AB, et al.
Tuberculosis and acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome--Florida. Arch Intern Med. Jun
1989;149(6):1268-1273.
Rigby R. Out of control.
1995;310(6992):1475.
BMJ.
Jun
3
Righter J. Five cases of erroneously diagnosed
HIV infection. CMAJ. Apr 1 1992;146(7):1152.
Risbud A. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
& sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Indian J
Med Res. Apr 2005;121(4):369-376.
Rivas P. WHO Releases New HIV Guidelines
Aimed at Resource-Limited Settings. AIDS Rev.
January-March 2010;12(1):62-63.
Rizza CR, Spooner RJ. Treatment of haemophilia
and related disorders in Britain and Northern
Ireland during 1976-80: report on behalf of the
directors of haemophilia centres in the United
Page 80 of 109
Bibliography
Kingdom. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). Mar 19
1983;286(6369):929-933.
Robb ML, Khambaroong C, Nelson KE. Studies in
Thailand of the vertical transmission of HIV. N
Engl J Med. Mar 19 1998;338(12):843-844.
Robbins KE, Lemey P, Pybus OG, et al. U.S.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 epidemic:
date of origin, population history, and
characterization of early strains. J Virol. Jun
2003;77(11):6359-6366.
Robert-Guroff M, Aldrich K, Muldoon R, et al.
Cross-neutralization of human immunodeficiency
virus type 1 and 2 and simian immunodeficiency
virus isolates. J Virol. Jun 1992;66(6):36023608.
Robert-Guroff M, Oleske JM, Connor EM, Epstein
LG, Minnefor AB, Gallo RC. Relationship between
HTLV-III neutralizing antibody and clinical status
of
pediatric
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex
cases. Pediatr Res. Jun 1987;21(6):547-550.
Robert-Guroff M, Weiss SH, Giron JA, et al.
Prevalence of antibodies to HTLV-I, -II, and -III
in intravenous drug abusers from an AIDS
endemic
region.
JAMA.
Jun
13
1986;255(22):3133-3137.
Roberts K. Ideas & Trends; Breakthroughs In
AIDS Research. New York Times, March 30,
1986;U.S.
Roberts L. Infectious disease. Vaccine-related
polio outbreak in Nigeria raises concerns.
Science. Sep 28 2007;317(5846):1842.
Roberts L. Public health. Type 2 poliovirus back
from the dead in Nigeria. Science. Aug 7
2009;325(5941):660-661.
Robertson D, Anderson J, Bradac J, et al. HIV-1
Nomenclature Proposal: Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; 1999.
Robertson D, Gao F, Hahn B. Intersubtype
Recombinant HIV-1 Sequences: Los Alamos
National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico;
1997.
Robertson DL, Sharp PM, McCutchan FE, Hahn
BH. Recombination in HIV-1. Nature. Mar 9
1995;374(6518):124-126.
Robey WG, Safai B, Oroszlan S, et al.
Characterization of envelope and core structural
gene products of HTLV-III with sera from AIDS
patients. Science. May 3 1985;228(4699):593595.
Rodrigo JM, Serra MA, Aguilar E, del Olmo JA,
Gimeno V, Aparisi L. HTLV-III antibodies in drug
addicts
in
Spain.
Lancet.
Jul
20
1985;2(8447):156-157.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Rodriguez SK, Sarr AD, MacNeil A, et al.
Comparison
of
heterologous
neutralizing
antibody responses of human immunodeficiency
virus type 1 (HIV-1)- and HIV-2-infected
Senegalese patients: distinct patterns of breadth
and magnitude distinguish HIV-1 and HIV-2
infections. J Virol. May 2007;81(10):5331-5338.
Rodriquez L, Dewhurst S, Sinangil F, Merino F,
Godoy G, Volsky DJ. Antibodies to HTLV-III/LAV
among
aboriginal
Amazonian
Indians
in
Venezuela. Lancet. Nov 16 1985;2(8464):10981100.
Rogers MF, Morens DM, Stewart JA, et al.
National case-control study of Kaposi's sarcoma
and
Pneumocystis
carinii
pneumonia
in
homosexual men: Part 2.Laboratory results. Ann
Intern Med. Aug 1983;99(2):151-158.
Rogers MF, Thomas PA, Starcher ET, Noa MC,
Bush TJ, Jaffe HW. Acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome in children: report of the Centers for
Disease Control National Surveillance, 1982 to
1985. Pediatrics. Jun 1987;79(6):1008-1014.
Rojko
J,
Essex
M,
Trainin
Z.
Feline
leukemia/sarcoma
viruses
and
immunodeficiency. Adv Vet Sci Comp Med.
1988;32:57-96.
Rolfe
M.
HIV-2
and
its
neurological
manifestations. S Afr Med J. Aug 1994;84(8 Pt
1):503-505.
Rolfe M, Wels KH. Kaposi's sarcoma in Zambian
children. Aids. Dec 1987;1(4):259-260.
Romieu I, Marlink R, Kanki P, M'Boup S, Essex
M. HIV-2 link to AIDS in West Africa. J Acquir
Immune Defic Syndr. 1990;3(3):220-230.
Rompalo AM, Astemborski J, Schoenbaum E, et
al. Comparison of clinical manifestations of HIV
infection among women by risk group, CD4+ cell
count, and HIV-1 plasma viral load. HER Study
Group. HIV Epidemiology Research. J Acquir
Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. Apr 15
1999;20(5):448-454.
Ron IG, Kuten A, Wigler N, et al. Classical
disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV-negative
patients; an unusually indolent subtype. Br J
Cancer. Oct 1993;68(4):775-776.
Ronalds CJ, Grint PC, Hardiman AE. Anti-HIV
testing on urgent specimens. Lancet. Feb 7
1987;1(8528):323-324.
Ronalds CJ, Grint PC, Kangro HD. Disinfection
and inactivation of HTLV-III/LAV. J Infect Dis.
May 1986;153(5):996-997.
Rook GA, Onyebujoh P, Stanford JL. TH1/TH2
switching and loss of CD4+ T cells in chronic
infections:
an
immunoendocrinological
hypothesis not exclusive to HIV. Immunol
Today. Nov 1993;14(11):568-569.
Page 81 of 109
Bibliography
Roques P, Robertson DL, Souquiere S, et al.
Phylogenetic characteristics of three new HIV-1
N strains and implications for the origin of group
N. AIDS. Jul 2 2004;18(10):1371-1381.
Rosen FS. The acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome
(AIDS).
J
Clin
Invest.
Jan
1985;75(1):1-3.
Rosenberg MJ, Weiner JM. Prostitutes and AIDS:
a health department priority? Am J Public
Health. Apr 1988;78(4):418-423.
Rossi G, Tucci A, Cariani E, Ravaggi A, Rossini A,
Radaeli E. Outbreak of hepatitis C virus infection
in patients with hematologic disorders treated
with intravenous immunoglobulins: different
prognosis according to the immune status.
Blood. Aug 1 1997;90(3):1309-1314.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Rutherford GW, Lifson AR, Hessol NA, et al.
Course of HIV-I infection in a cohort of
homosexual and bisexual men: an 11 year
follow
up
study.
BMJ.
Nov
24
1990;301(6762):1183-1188.
Rutter DA, Evans CG. Aerosol hazards from
some clinical laboratory apparatus. Br Med J.
Mar 4 1972;1(800):594-597.
Ryder RW, Ndilu M, Hassig SE, et al.
Heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 among
employees and their spouses at two large
businesses in Zaire. AIDS. Aug 1990;4(8):725732.
Saag MS, Britz J. Asymptomatic blood donor
with a false positive HTLV-III Western blot. N
Engl J Med. Jan 9 1986;314(2):118.
Rossiter MW. Women Scientists in America
Before Affirmative Action: 1940-1972. Women
Scientists in America Before Affirmative Action:
1940-1972. Baltimore and London: The John
Hopkins University Press; 1995:288-289.
Saal F, Sidibe S, Alves-Cardoso E, et al. Anti
HIV-2 serological screening in Portuguese
populations native from or having had close
contact with Africa. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses.
1987;3(4):341-343.
Rothman S. Some clinical aspects of Kaposi's
sarcoma in the European and North American
populations. Acta Unio Int Contra Cancrum.
1962;18:364-371.
Sabino EC, Delwart E, Lee TH, Mayer A, Mullins
JI, Busch MP. Identification of low-level
contamination of blood as basis for detection of
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA in
anti-HIV-negative specimens. J Acquir Immune
Defic Syndr. Aug 1994;7(8):853-859.
Roumeliotou A, Nestoridou E, Economidou I, et
al. Diagnostic value of HIV-Ag testing and antip24 titers in HIV carriers and AIDS patients.
Aids. Feb 1988;2(1):64.
Roumeliotou-Karayannis A, Papaevangelou G,
Tassopoulos N, Richardson SC, Krugman S.
Post-exposure active immunoprophylaxis of
spouses of acute viral hepatitis B patients.
Vaccine. Mar 1985;3(1):31-34.
Roy S, Portnoy J, Wainberg MA. Need for caution
in interpretation of Western Blot tests for HIV.
JAMA. Feb 27 1987;257(8):1047.
Royce RA, Sena A, Cates W, Jr., Cohen MS.
Sexual transmission of HIV. N Engl J Med. Apr
10 1997;336(15):1072-1078.
Rozenbaum W, Coulaud JP, Saimot AG,
Klatzmann D, Mayaud C, Carette MF. Multiple
opportunistic infection in a male homosexual in
France. Lancet. Mar 6 1982;1(8271):572-573.
Rubin H. Etiology of AIDS. Science. Jun 10
1988;240(4858):1389-1390.
Ruffini DD, Madhi SA. The high burden of
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in African HIV1-infected children hospitalized for severe
pneumonia. AIDS. Jan 4 2002;16(1):105-112.
Russian DA, Kovacs JA. Pneumocystis carinii in
Africa: an emerging pathogen? Lancet. Nov 11
1995;346(8985):1242-1243.
Sacks H, Rose D, Chalmers T. The risk of AIDS
after hepatitis vaccination [ LETTER ]. Jama.
May 24-31 1985;253(20):2960-2961.
Safai B. Kaposi's sarcoma: a review of the
classical and epidemic forms. Ann N Y Acad Sci.
1984;437:373-382.
Safai B, Good RA. Kaposi's sarcoma: a review
and recent developments. CA Cancer J Clin. JanFeb 1981;31(1):2-12.
Safai B, Johnson KG, Myskowski PL, et al. The
natural history of Kaposi's sarcoma in the
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann
Intern Med. Nov 1985;103(5):744-750.
Safai B, Mike V, Giraldo G, Beth E, Good RA.
Association of Kaposi's sarcoma with second
primary malignancies: possible etiopathogenic
implications. Cancer. Mar 15 1980;45(6):14721479.
Sagata N, Ikawa Y. BLV and HTLV-I: their
unique genomic structures and evolutionary
relationship.
Princess
Takamatsu
Symp.
1984;15:229-240.
Sagata N, Yasunaga T, Ohishi K, TsuzukuKawamura J, Onuma M, Ikawa Y. Comparison of
the entire genomes of bovine leukemia virus and
human
T-cell
leukemia
virus
and
characterization of their unidentified open
reading
frames.
EMBO
J.
Dec
20
1984;3(13):3231-3237.
Page 82 of 109
Bibliography
Saiki RK, Gelfand DH, Stoffel S, et al. Primerdirected enzymatic amplification of DNA with a
thermostable DNA polymerase. Science. Jan 29
1988;239(4839):487-491.
Saimot A, Matheron S, Brun-Vezinet F.
Manifestations cliniques de l'infection HIV-2
Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses. December
1988;18(Suppl 5):707-712.
Saimot AG,
2/LAV-2 in
1978) who
Lancet. Mar
Coulaud JP, Mechali D, et al. HIVPortuguese man with AIDS (Paris,
had served in Angola in 1968-74.
21 1987;1(8534):688.
Saitou N, Nei M. The neighbor-joining method: a
new method for reconstructing phylogenetic
trees. Mol Biol Evol. Jul 1987;4(4):406-425.
Salahuddin SZ, Groopman JE, Markham PD, et
al. HTLV-III in symptom-free seronegative
persons.
Lancet.
Dec
22
1984;2(84178418):1418-1420.
Salgado M. HLA-C - A New Factor Influencing
HIV Disease Progression. AIDS Rev. JanuaryMarch 2010;12(1):61.
Salomon J, Gakidou E, Murray J. Methods for
Modeling the HIV/AIDS Epidemic In SubSaharan Africa: UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on
Global HIV/AIDS and STD Surveillance.
Salomon JA, Murray CJ. Modelling HIV/AIDS
epidemics
in
sub-Saharan
Africa
using
seroprevalence data from antenatal clinics. Bull
World Health Organ. 2001;79(7):596-607.
Saltzman RL, Peterson PK. Immunodeficiency of
the
elderly.
Rev
Infect
Dis.
Nov-Dec
1987;9(6):1127-1139.
Samaranayake LP. Nutritional factors and oral
candidosis. J Oral Pathol. Feb 1986;15(2):6165.
Samie A, Guerrant RL, Barrett L, Bessong PO,
Igumbor EO, Obi CL. Prevalence of intestinal
parasitic and bacterial pathogens in diarrhoeal
and non-diarroeal human stools from Vhembe
district, South Africa. J Health Popul Nutr. Dec
2009;27(6):739-745.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Santiago ML, Bibollet-Ruche F, Bailes E, et al.
Amplification
of
a
complete
simian
immunodeficiency virus genome from fecal RNA
of
a
wild
chimpanzee.
J
Virol.
Feb
2003;77(3):2233-2242.
Santiago ML, Lukasik M, Kamenya S, et al. Foci
of endemic simian immunodeficiency virus
infection in wild-living eastern chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes
schweinfurthii).
J
Virol.
Jul
2003;77(13):7545-7562.
Santiago ML, Range F, Keele BF, et al. Simian
immunodeficiency virus infection in free-ranging
sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys atys) from
the Tai Forest, Cote d'Ivoire: implications for the
origin of epidemic human immunodeficiency
virus type 2. J Virol. Oct 2005;79(19):1251512527.
Sarin PS, Gallo RC. Lymphotropic retroviruses of
animals and man. Adv Vet Sci Comp Med.
1988;32:227-250.
Sarmati L. HHV-8 infection in African children.
Herpes. Aug 2004;11(2):50-53.
Sarngadharan MG, DeVico AL, Bruch L,
Schupbach J, Gallo RC. HTLV-III: the etiologic
agent of AIDS. Princess Takamatsu Symp.
1984;15:301-308.
Sarngadharan MG, diMarzo Veronese F, Lee S,
Gallo RC. Immunological properties of HTLV-III
antigens recognized by sera of patients with
AIDS and AIDS-related complex and of
asymptomatic carriers of HTLV-III infection.
Cancer Res. Sep 1985;45(9 Suppl):4574s4577s.
Sarngadharan MG, Popovic M, Bruch L,
Schupbach J, Gallo RC. Antibodies reactive with
human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV-III) in
the serum of patients with AIDS. Science. May 4
1984;224(4648):506-508.
Sarr AD, Hamel DJ, Thior I, et al. HIV-1 and
HIV-2 dual infection: lack of HIV-2 provirus
correlates with low CD4+ lymphocyte counts.
AIDS. Jan 22 1998;12(2):131-137.
Satcher D. The global HIV/AIDS epidemic. JAMA.
Apr 28 1999;281(16):1479.
Sanchez-Pescador R, Power MD, Barr PJ, et al.
Nucleotide sequence and expression of an AIDSassociated retrovirus (ARV-2). Science. Feb 1
1985;227(4686):484-492.
Sattentau QJ. The role of the CD4 antigen in HIV
infection and immune pathogenesis. AIDS.
1988;2 Suppl 1:S11-16.
Sansone R, Carobbi S, Alloro G, Strigini P. [AIDS
in Africa]. Ann Ig. Sep-Oct 1989;1(5):10571066.
Sattentau QJ, Clapham PR, Weiss RA, et al. The
human and simian immunodeficiency viruses
HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV interact with similar
epitopes on their cellular receptor, the CD4
molecule. AIDS. Apr 1988;2(2):101-105.
Santana
S,
Faas
L,
Wald
K.
Human
immunodeficiency virus in Cuba: the public
health response of a Third World country. Int J
Health Serv. 1991;21(3):511-537.
Savitskii SN, Irova TI, Vostrikova EP, Denisov A,
Red'kin AP. [Renal lesions in patients infected
with human immunodeficiency virus]. Ter Arkh.
1988;60(6):127-129.
Page 83 of 109
Bibliography
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Sawitsky B, Kanter R, Sawitsky A. Lymphocyte
response to phytomitogens in iron deficiency.
Am J Med Sci. Sep-Oct 1976;272(2):153-160.
Schierup MH, Hein J. Consequences of
recombination
on
traditional
phylogenetic
analysis. Genetics. Oct 2000;156(2):879-891.
Saxinger C, Alter HJ, Eichberg JW, Fauci AS,
Robey WG, Gallo RC. Stages in the progression
of HIV infection in chimpanzees. AIDS Res Hum
Retroviruses. 1987;3(4):375-385.
Schiff RI. Transmission of viral infections
through intravenous immune globulin. N Engl J
Med. Dec 15 1994;331(24):1649-1650.
Saxinger C, Gallo RC. Methods in laboratory
investigation. Application of the indirect enzymelinked immunosorbent assay microtest to the
detection and surveillance of human t cell
leukemia-lymphoma virus. Lab Invest. Sep
1983;49(3):371-377.
Saxinger C, Levine PH, Dean A, Lange-Wantzin
G, Gallo R. Unique pattern of HTLV-III (AIDSrelated) antigen recognition by sera from African
children in Uganda (1972). Cancer Res. Sep
1985;45(9 Suppl):4624s-4626s.
Saxinger WC, Blayney DW, Postal M, Blattner
WA, Moghissi J, Gallo RC. Risk of infection of
laboratory workers with the human T-cell
leukaemia
virus.
Lancet.
Jul
30
1983;2(8344):274-275.
Saxinger WC, Levine PH, Dean AG, et al.
Evidence for exposure to HTLV-III in Uganda
before
1973.
Science.
Mar
1
1985;227(4690):1036-1038.
Sayers MH, Beatty PG, Hansen JA. HLA
antibodies as a cause of false-positive reactions
in
screening
enzyme
immunoassays
for
antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type
III. Transfusion. Jan-Feb 1986;26(1):113-115.
Sayre KR, Dodd RY, Tegtmeier G, Layug L,
Alexander SS, Busch MP. False-positive human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 western blot
tests in noninfected blood donors. Transfusion.
Jan 1996;36(1):45-52.
Schaaff DM, Lender M, Snedeker P, Graham LA.
Hepatitis B vaccine in a hospital. Ann Intern
Med. Nov 1984;101(5):720-721.
Schable C, Zekeng L, Pau CP, et al. Sensitivity of
United States HIV antibody tests for detection of
HIV-1 group O infections. Lancet. Nov 12
1994;344(8933):1333-1334.
Schalm SW, Heytink RA, Mannaerts H,
Vreugdenhil A. Immune response to hepatitis B
vaccine in drug addicts. J Infect. Jul 1983;7
Suppl 1:41-45.
Scheier R. [Hepatitis B vaccination: the danger
of AIDS transmission]. Z Hautkr. Apr 15
1984;59(8):504-506.
Schierup MH, Hein J. Recombination and the
molecular
clock.
Mol
Biol
Evol.
Oct
2000;17(10):1578-1579.
Schiff RI. Hepatitis C and immune globulin. N
Engl J Med. May 4 1995;332(18):1236-1237.
Schim van der Loeff MF, Aaby P. Towards a
better understanding of the epidemiology of
HIV-2. AIDS. 1999;13 Suppl A:S69-84.
Schim van der Loeff MF, Jaffar S, Aveika AA, et
al. Mortality of HIV-1, HIV-2 and HIV-1/HIV-2
dually infected patients in a clinic-based cohort
in The Gambia. AIDS. Sep 6 2002;16(13):17751783.
Schindler M, Munch J, Kutsch O, et al. Nefmediated suppression of T cell activation was
lost in a lentiviral lineage that gave rise to HIV1. Cell. Jun 16 2006;125(6):1055-1067.
Schlech WF. Positive HIV antibody test results
after treatment with hepatitis B immune
globulin. JAMA. Jul 14 1989;262(2):209.
Schlech WF, 3rd, Lee SH, Cook J, Rozee KR,
MacIntosh N. Passive transfer of HIV antibody
by hepatitis B immune globulin. JAMA. Jan 20
1989;261(3):411-413.
Schmeck H. Odd Virus Now Linked to Many
Diseases. New York Times, November 20, 1984.
Schmutzhard E, Fuchs D, Hengster P, et al.
Retroviral infections (HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I)
in rural northwestern Tanzania. Clinical findings,
epidemiology, and association with infections
common in Africa. Am J Epidemiol. Aug
1989;130(2):309-318.
Schneider J, Hunsmann G. Simian lentiviruses-the SIV group. AIDS. Feb 1988;2(1):1-9.
Schneider J, Jurkiewicz E, Hayami M, Desrosiers
R, Marx P, Hunsmann G. Serological and
structural comparison of HIV, SIVmac, SIVagm,
and SIVsm, four primate lentiviruses. Ann Inst
Pasteur Virol 1987;138 93-99.
Schneider J, Kaaden O, Copeland TD, Oroszlan
S, Hunsmann G. Shedding and interspecies type
sero-reactivity of the envelope glycopolypeptide
gp120 of the human immunodeficiency virus. J
Gen Virol. Nov 1986;67 ( Pt 11):2533-2538.
Schneider J, Yamamoto N, Hinuma Y, Hunsmann
G. Sera from adult T-cell leukemia patients react
with envelope and core polypeptides of adult Tcell
leukemia
virus.
Virology.
Jan
15
1984;132(1):1-11.
Page 84 of 109
Bibliography
Schneider WH, Drucker E. Blood transfusions in
the early years of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa.
Am J Public Health. Jun 2006;96(6):984-994.
Schnitzler SU, Schnitzler P. An update on swineorigin influenza virus A/H1N1: a review. Virus
Genes. Dec 2009;39(3):279-292.
Schnolzer M, Rackwitz HR, Gustchina A, et al.
Comparative
properties
of
feline
immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and human
immunodeficiency
virus
type
1
(HIV-1)
proteinases
prepared
by
total
chemical
synthesis. Virology. Oct 1 1996;224(1):268275.
Schoub BD, Lyons SF, McGillivray GM, Smith AN,
Johnson S, Fisher EL. Absence of HIV infection in
prostitutes and women attending sexuallytransmitted disease clinics in South Africa. Trans
R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1987;81(5):874-875.
Schoub BD, Smith AN, Johnson S, et al.
Considerations on the further expansion of the
AIDS epidemic in South Africa--1990. S Afr Med
J. Jun 16 1990;77(12):613-618.
Schoub BD, Smith AN, Lyons SF, et al.
Epidemiological considerations of the present
status and future growth of the acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic in South
Africa. S Afr Med J. Aug 20 1988;74(4):153157.
Schreeder MT, Thompson SE, Hadler SC, et al.
Hepatitis B in homosexual men: prevalence of
infection and factors related to transmission. J
Infect Dis. Jul 1982;146(1):7-15.
Schrijvers D, Delaporte E, Peeters M, Meheus A.
Role of sexually transmissible pathogens in
transmitting HIV I. Genitourin Med. Dec
1988;64(6):395-396.
Schuerman L, Seynhaeve V, Bachschmidt I,
Tchotch V, Ouattara SA, de The G. Severe
malnutrition and pediatric AIDS: a diagnostic
problem
in
rural
Africa.
AIDS.
Jun
1988;2(3):232-233.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
AIDS and in groups at risk for AIDS. N Engl J
Med. Jan 31 1985;312(5):265-269.
Schupbach J, Popovic M, Gilden RV, Gonda MA,
Sarngadharan MG, Gallo RC. Serological analysis
of a subgroup of human T-lymphotropic
retroviruses (HTLV-III) associated with AIDS.
Science. May 4 1984;224(4648):503-505.
Schupbach J, Tanner M. Specificity of human
immunodeficiency virus (LAV/HTLV-III)-reactive
antibodies in African sera from southeastern
Tanzania. Acta Trop. Sep 1986;43(3):195-206.
Schwartlander B, Horsburgh CR, Jr., Hamouda
O, Skarabis H, Koch MA. Changes in the
spectrum of AIDS-defining conditions and
decrease in CD4+ lymphocyte counts at AIDS
manifestation in Germany from 1986 to 1991.
AIDS. Apr 1992;6(4):413-420.
Schwartz AM, Chorba TL. Hepatitis vaccine and
the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [
LETTER ]. Ann Intern Med. Oct 1983;99(4):567568.
Schwartz DE, Tizard R, Gilbert W. Nucleotide
sequence of Rous sarcoma virus. Cell. Mar
1983;32(3):853-869.
Schwartz JS, Dans PE, Kinosian BP. Human
immunodeficiency
virus
test
evaluation,
performance, and use. Proposals to make good
tests better. JAMA. May 6 1988;259(17):25742579.
Seale J. AIDS virus infection: prognosis and
transmission.
J
R
Soc
Med.
Aug
1985;78(8):613-615.
Seale J. AIDS virus infection: a Soviet view of its
origin [ LETTER ]. J R Soc Med. Aug
1986;79(8):494-495.
Seale JR, Medvedev ZA. Origin and transmission
of AIDS. Multi-use hypodermics and the threat
to the Soviet Union: discussion paper. J R Soc
Med. May 1987;80(5):301-304.
Schulz BL, Laroy W, Callewaert N. Clinical
laboratory testing in human medicine based on
the detection of glycoconjugates. Curr Mol Med.
Jun 2007;7(4):397-416.
Seiki M, Hattori S, Hirayama Y, Yoshida M.
Human adult T-cell leukemia virus: complete
nucleotide sequence of the provirus genome
integrated in leukemia cell DNA. Proc Natl Acad
Sci U S A. Jun 1983;80(12):3618-3622.
Schulz
TF.
Kaposi's
sarcoma-associated
herpesvirus
(human
herpesvirus
8):
epidemiology and pathogenesis. J Antimicrob
Chemother. Apr 2000;45 Suppl T3:15-27.
Selik RM, Haverkos HW, Curran JW. Acquired
immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) trends in
the United States, 1978-1982. Am J Med. Mar
1984;76(3):493-500.
Schulz TF, Whitby D, Hoad JG, Corrah T, Whittle
H, Weiss RA. Biological and molecular variability
of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 isolates
from
The
Gambia.
J
Virol.
Oct
1990;64(10):5177-5182.
Selik RM, Starcher ET, Curran JW. Opportunistic
diseases reported in AIDS patients: frequencies,
associations,
and
trends.
Aids.
Sep
1987;1(3):175-182.
Schupbach J, Haller O, Vogt M, et al. Antibodies
to HTLV-III in Swiss patients with AIDS and pre-
Sellon DC. Equine infectious anemia. Vet Clin
North Am Equine Pract. Aug 1993;9(2):321-336.
Page 85 of 109
Bibliography
Semprini AE, Fiore S, Pardi G. Reproductive
counselling for HIV-discordant couples. Lancet.
May 10 1997;349(9062):1401-1402.
Semprini AE, Vucetich A, Pardi G, Cossu MM.
HIV infection and AIDS in newborn babies of
mothers positive for HIV antibody. Br Med J
(Clin Res Ed). Mar 7 1987;294(6572):610.
Senturia
YD,
Peckham
CS,
Ades
AE.
Seronegativity and paediatric AIDS. Lancet. May
16 1987;1(8542):1151-1153.
Sepkowitz KA. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
in patients without AIDS. Clin Infect Dis. Nov
1993;17 Suppl 2:S416-422.
Sepkowitz KA, Brown AE, Telzak EE, Gottlieb S,
Armstrong D. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
among patients without AIDS at a cancer
hospital. JAMA. Feb 12 1992;267(6):832-837.
Serraino D. The spectrum of Aids-associated
cancers
in
Africa.
AIDS.
Dec
24
1999;13(18):2589-2590.
Serwadda D, Goodgame R, Lucas S, Kocjan G.
Absence of pneumocystosis in Ugandan AIDS
patients. AIDS. Jan 1989;3(1):47-48.
Serwadda D, Mugerwa RD, Sewankambo NK, et
al. Slim disease: a new disease in Uganda and
its association with HTLV-III infection. Lancet.
Oct 19 1985;2(8460):849-852.
Serwadda D, Wawer MJ, Musgrave SD,
Sewankambo NK, Kaplan JE, Gray RH. HIV risk
factors in three geographic strata of rural Rakai
District, Uganda. AIDS. Sep 1992;6(9):983-989.
Sewankambo N, Mugerwa RD, Goodgame R, et
al. Enteropathic AIDS in Uganda. An endoscopic,
histological and microbiological study. Aids. May
1987;1(1):9-13.
Sewell WA, Mullighan CG, Christie J, Chapel HM.
Hepatitis C after intravenous immunoglobulin.
Ann
Allergy
Asthma
Immunol.
Nov
1997;79(5):466-467.
Seyfried H, Sablinski J. AIDS in Poland. Lancet.
Sep 5 1992;340(8819):613.
Shacham E, Reece M, Ong'or WO, Omollo O,
Basta TB. A cross-cultural comparison of
psychological distress among individuals living
with HIV in Atlanta, Georgia, and Eldoret,
Kenya. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic
Ill). May-Jun 2010;9(3):162-169.
Shaffer N, Hedberg K, Davachi F, et al. Trends
and risk factors for HIV-1 seropositivity among
outpatient children, Kinshasa, Zaire. AIDS. Dec
1990;4(12):1231-1236.
Shah K, Nathanson N. Human exposure to
SV40: review and comment. Am J Epidemiol.
Jan 1976;103(1):1-12.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Shanmugam V, Switzer WM, Nkengasong JN, et
al. Lower HIV-2 plasma viral loads may explain
differences between the natural histories of HIV1 and HIV-2 infections. J Acquir Immune Defic
Syndr. Jul 1 2000;24(3):257-263.
Shannon S, Pyle G. The Origin and Diffusion of
AIDS: A View from Medical Geography. Annals
of the Association of American Geographers.
March 1989;79(1):1-24.
Shanson
DC.
Nosocomial
acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome and human T-cell
leukaemia lymphoma virus associated disease. J
Hosp Infect. Mar 1984;5(1):3-6.
Shanson DC. Septicaemia in patients with AIDS.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1990;84 Suppl 1:1416.
Shao J, Brubaker G, Levin A, et al. Populationbased study of HIV-1 infection in 4,086 subjects
in northwest Tanzania. J Acquir Immune Defic
Syndr. Apr 1994;7(4):397-402.
Shapiro M, Crookes RL, O'Sullivan E. Screening
antenatal blood samples
for anti-human
immunodeficiency virus antibodies by a largepool
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
system. Results of an 18-month investigation. S
Afr Med J. Sep 16 1989;76(6):245-247.
Sharer L, Prineas J. Human Immunodeficiency
Virus in Glial Cells, Continued. J Infect Dis.
1988;157(1):204.
Sharer LR, Cho ES, Epstein LG. Multinucleated
giant
cells
and
HTLV-III
in
AIDS
encephalopathy.
Hum
Pathol.
Aug
1985;16(8):760.
Sharer
LR,
Kapila
R.
Neuropathologic
observations in acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome
(AIDS).
Acta
Neuropathol.
1985;66(3):188-198.
Sharp P, Robertson D, Gao F, Hahn B. Origins
and diversity of human immunodeficiency
viruses. AIDS. 1994;8(Suppl 1):S27-S42.
Sharp PM, Bailes E, Chaudhuri RR, Rodenburg
CM, Santiago MO, Hahn BH. The origins of
acquired immune deficiency syndrome viruses:
where and when? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol
Sci. Jun 29 2001;356(1410):867-876.
Sharp PM, Bailes E, Gao F, Beer BE, Hirsch VM,
Hahn BH. Origins and evolution of AIDS viruses:
estimating the time-scale. Biochem Soc Trans.
Feb 2000;28(2):275-282.
Sharp PM, Bailes E, Robertson DL, Gao F, Hahn
BH. Origins and evolution of AIDS viruses. Biol
Bull. Jun 1999;196(3):338-342.
Sharp PM, Hahn BH. AIDS: prehistory of HIV-1.
Nature. Oct 2 2008;455(7213):605-606.
Page 86 of 109
Bibliography
Sharp PM, Hahn BH. The evolution of HIV-1 and
the origin of AIDS. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B
Biol Sci. Aug 27 2010;365(1552):2487-2494.
Sharp PM, Li WH. Understanding the origins of
AIDS
viruses.
Nature.
Nov
24
1988;336(6197):315.
Sharp PM, Robertson DL, Hahn BH. Crossspecies transmission and recombination of
'AIDS' viruses. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol
Sci. Jul 29 1995;349(1327):41-47.
Sharp PM, Shaw GM, Hahn BH. Simian
immunodeficiency
virus
infection
of
chimpanzees. J Virol. Apr 2005;79(7):38913902.
Shaw GM, Hahn BH, Arya SK, Groopman JE,
Gallo
RC,
Wong-Staal
F.
Molecular
characterization of human T-cell leukemia
(lymphotropic) virus type III in the acquired
immune deficiency syndrome. Science. Dec 7
1984;226(4679):1165-1171.
Shaw GM, Harper ME, Hahn BH, et al. HTLV-III
infection in brains of children and adults with
AIDS
encephalopathy.
Science.
Jan
11
1985;227(4683):177-182.
Shea A, Sarr DA, Jones N, et al. CCR5 receptor
expression is down-regulated in HIV type 2
infection: implication for viral control and
protection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Jun
2004;20(6):630-635.
Shearer GM, Singer A, Mizuochi T, Buller M,
Hugin A, Morse HC, 3rd. Importance of CD8+ T
helper cell function in AIDS. J Infect Dis. Oct
1988;158(4):893.
Shelton JD, Cassell MM, Adetunji J. Is poverty or
wealth at the root of HIV? Lancet. Sep 24-30
2005;366(9491):1057-1058.
Shepherd V,
Jameson
B,
Knowles
GK.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis: a serological
study. J Clin Pathol. Aug 1979;32(8):773-777.
Sher R. AIDS in Johannesburg. S Afr Med J. Aug
3 1985;68(3):137-138.
Sher R. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
(AIDS) in the RSA. S Afr Med J. Oct 11
1986;Suppl:23-26.
Sher R. HIV infection in South Africa, 19821988--a review. S Afr Med J. Oct 7
1989;76(7):314-318.
Sher R, Antunes S, Reid B, Falcke H.
Seroepidemiology of human immunodeficiency
virus in Africa from 1970 to 1974. N Engl J Med.
Aug 13 1987;317(7):450-451.
Sher R, de Miranda DS, Metz J, Sifris D, Lyons
SF, Schoub BD. Lack of evidence of HIV infection
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
in drug abusers at present. S Afr Med J. Dec 6
1986;70(12):776-777.
Sher R, de Miranda DS, Metz J, Sifris D, Lyons
SF, Schoub BD. Errata - Lack of evidence of HIV
infection in drug abusers at present. S Afr Med
J. 10 January 1987 1987;71:60.
Sher R, dos Santos L. Prevalence of HTLV-III
antibodies in homosexual men in Johannesburg.
S Afr Med J. Mar 30 1985;67(13):484.
Sher R, Lyons S, dos Santos L, Schoub B,
McGillivray G. An indirect fluorescent antibody
test for antibodies against HTLV-III. S Afr Med J.
Mar 9 1985;67(10):357.
Sherlock S. Different hepatitis B vaccines. Scand
J Infect Dis Suppl. 1983;38:13-16.
Sherman MP, Dock NL, Ehrlich GD, et al.
Evaluation of HIV type 1 western blotindeterminate blood donors for the presence of
human or bovine retroviruses. AIDS Res Hum
Retroviruses. Mar 1995;11(3):409-414.
Sherr L, Christie G, Sher R, Metz J. Evaluation of
the effectiveness of AIDS training and
information courses. S Afr Med J. Oct 7
1989;76(7):358-362.
Shiigi S, Wilson B, Leo G, et al. Serologic and
virologic analysis of type D simian retrovirus
infection in a colony of Celebes black macaques
(Macaca nigra). J Med Primatol. 1989;18(34):185-193.
Shikata T, Karasawa T, Yano M, Oda T. Hepatitis
B Vaccine: Strategy of Application in AsianCountries, and Japanese Pilot Study in
Chimpanzees. In: Szmuness W, Alter HJ,
Maynard JE, eds. Viral Hepatitis: 1981
International Symposium. Philadelphia: Franklin
Institute Press; 1982:399-410.
Shima-Sano T, Yamada R, Sekita K, et al. A
human
immunodeficiency
virus
screening
algorithm to address the high rate of falsepositive results in pregnant women in Japan.
PLoS One. 2010;5(2):e9382.
Shisana O, Simbayi L. Nelson Mandela/HSRC
study of HIV/AIDS: South African national HIV
prevalence, behavioural risks and mass media—
household survey 2002. Cape Town, Republic of
South Africa: Human Sciences Research Council;
2002. HSRC Press.
Shorter E. The Health Century: Companion V to
the PBS television series. New York: Doubleday;
1987:64-70, 195-204
Siefkes D. The origin of HIV-1, the AIDS virus.
Med Hypotheses. Oct 1993;41(4):289-299.
Page 87 of 109
Bibliography
Siegal FP, Lopez C, Hammer GS, et al. Severe
acquired
immunodeficiency
in
male
homosexuals, manifested by chronic perianal
ulcerative herpes simplex lesions. N Engl J Med.
Dec 10 1981;305(24):1439-1444.
Siegfried N, Muller M, Volmink J, et al. Male
circumcision for prevention of heterosexual
acquisition of HIV in men. Cochrane Database
Syst Rev. 2003(3):1-37.
Sierra S, Kupfer B, Kaiser R. Basics of the
virology of HIV-1 and its replication. J Clin Virol.
Dec 2005;34(4):233-244.
Simon F, Matheron S, Tamalet C, et al. Cellular
and plasma viral load in patients infected with
HIV-2. AIDS. Nov 1993;7(11):1411-1417.
Simon F, Mauclere P, Roques P, et al.
Identification of a new human immunodeficiency
virus type 1 distinct from group M and group O.
Nat Med. Sep 1998;4(9):1032-1037.
Simon F, Pepin JM, Brun-Vezinet F, Bouchaud O,
Casalino H, Gerard L. Reliability of western
blotting
for
the
confirmation
of
HIV-1
seroconversion.
Lancet.
Dec
19-26
1992;340(8834-8835):1541-1542.
Simonart T. Iron: a target for the management
of Kaposi's sarcoma? BMC Cancer. Jan 15
2004;4:1.
Simonart T. Role of environmental factors in the
pathogenesis of classic and African-endemic
Kaposi
sarcoma.
Cancer
Lett.
Nov
28
2006;244(1):1-7.
Simonsen L, Buffington J, Shapiro CN, et al.
Multiple false reactions in viral antibody
screening assays after influenza vaccination. Am
J Epidemiol. Jun 1 1995;141(11):1089-1096.
Simpson DM, Bender AN, Farraye J, Mendelson
SG, Wolfe DE. Human immunodeficiency virus
wasting syndrome may represent a treatable
myopathy. Neurology. Mar 1990;40(3 Pt 1):535538.
Singer C, Armstrong D, Rosen PP, Schottenfeld
D. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a cluster of
eleven
cases.
Ann
Intern
Med.
Jun
1975;82(6):772-777.
Singh YN, Singh K, Joshi R, Rustagi GK,
Malaviya AN. HIV infection among long-distance
truck drivers in Delhi, India. J Acquir Immune
Defic Syndr. Mar 1993;6(3):323.
Sitas F, Levin CV, Spencer D, et al. HIV and
cancer in South Africa. S Afr Med J. Dec
1993;83(12):880-881.
Sivak SL, Wormser GP. How common is HTLV-III
infection in the United States? N Engl J Med. Nov
21 1985;313(21):1352.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Skidmore SJ, Zuckerman M, Parry JV. Accuracy
of plasma HIV RNA quantification: a multicentre
study of variability. J Med Virol. Aug
2000;61(4):417-422.
Skolnik PR, Kosloff BR, Hirsch MS. Bidirectional
interactions between human immunodeficiency
virus type 1 and cytomegalovirus. J Infect Dis.
Mar 1988;157(3):508-514.
Slade
HB.
Human
Immunoglobulins
for
intravenous
use
and
hepatitis
C
viral
transmission. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. Nov
1994;1(6):613-619.
Slavin G, Cameron HM, Forbes C, Mitchell RM.
Kaposi's sarcoma in East African children: a
report
of
51
cases.
J
Pathol.
Mar
1970;100(3):187-199.
Smallman-Raynor M, Cliff A. The spread of
human immunodeficiency virus type 2 into
Europe: a geographical analysis. Int J Epidemiol.
Jun 1991;20(2):480-489.
Smith A. HIV / AIDS in KwaZulu-Natal and
South
Africa.
AIDS
Anal
Afr.
Jun-Jul
2000;11(1):6-9.
Smith CC. Diseases of the central nervous
system. Meningitis and encephalitis. Br Med J.
Nov 8 1975;4(5992):335-337.
Smith DK, Grohskopf LA, Black RJ, et al.
Antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis after
sexual,
injection-drug
use,
or
other
nonoccupational exposure to HIV in the United
States:
recommendations
from
the
U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services.
MMWR Recomm Rep. Jan 21 2005;54(RR-2):120.
Smith DM, Dewhurst S, Shepherd S, Volsky DJ,
Goldsmith JC. False-positive enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay reactions for antibody to
human immunodeficiency virus in a population
of midwestern patients with congenital bleeding
disorders. Transfusion. Jan-Feb 1987;27(1):112.
Smith GL, Smith KF. Lack of HIV infection and
condom use in licensed prostitutes. Lancet. Dec
13 1986;2(8520):1392.
Smith SM, Christian D, de Lame V, et al.
Isolation of a new HIV-2 group in the US.
Retrovirology. 2008;5(103):1-3.
Smith TF, Srinivasan A, Schochetman G, Marcus
M, Myers G. The phylogenetic history of
immunodeficiency viruses. Nature. Jun 9
1988;333(6173):573-575.
Snoeck J, Van Laethem K, Hermans P, et al.
Rising prevalence of HIV-1 non-B subtypes in
Belgium: 1983-2001. J Acquir Immune Defic
Syndr. Mar 1 2004;35(3):279-285.
Page 88 of 109
Bibliography
Snyder HW, Jr., Fleissner E. Specificity of human
antibodies
to
oncovirus
glycoproteins:
recognition of antigen by natural antibodies
directed against carbohydrate structures. Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A. Mar 1980;77(3):16221626.
Soave R, Armstrong D. Cryptosporidium and
cryptosporidiosis. Rev Infect Dis. Nov-Dec
1986;8(6):1012-1023.
Soave R, Johnson WD, Jr. Cryptosporidium and
Isospora belli infections. J Infect Dis. Feb
1988;157(2):225-229.
Sodora DL, Shpaer EG, Kitchell BE, Dow SW,
Hoover EA, Mullins JI. Identification of three
feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) env gene
subtypes and comparison of the FIV and human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolutionary
patterns. J Virol. Apr 1994;68(4):2230-2238.
Sohn N, Robilotti JG, Jr. The gay bowel
syndrome. A review of colonic and rectal
conditions in 200 male homosexuals. Am J
Gastroenterol. May 1977;67(5):478-484.
Soike KF, Rangan SR, Gerone PJ. Viral disease
models in primates. Adv Vet Sci Comp Med.
1984;28:151-199.
Sol N, Treboute C, Gomas E, Ferchal F,
Shacklett B, Alizon M. The rhesus macaque
CCR3 chemokine receptor is a cell entry cofactor
for HIV-2, but not for HIV-1. Virology. Jan 20
1998;240(2):213-220.
Songok EM, Tukei PM, Mulaa FJ. Serological
investigation of HIV-1 variant subtype strains in
transmission in Nairobi. East Afr Med J. Feb
1996;73(2):88-90.
Sonigo P, Alizon M, Staskus K, et al. Nucleotide
sequence of the visna lentivirus: relationship to
the AIDS virus. Cell. Aug 1985;42(1):369-382.
Sonigo P, Barker C, Hunter E, Wain-Hobson S.
Nucleotide sequence of Mason-Pfizer monkey
virus: an immunosuppressive D-type retrovirus.
Cell. May 9 1986;45(3):375-385.
Sonnet J, Michaux JL, Zech F, Brucher JM, de
Bruyere M, Burtonboy G. Early AIDS cases
originating from Zaire and Burundi (1962-1976).
Scand J Infect Dis. 1987;19(5):511-517.
Soriano E, Mallolas J, Gatell JM, et al.
Characteristics of tuberculosis in HIV-infected
patients: a case-control study. AIDS. Dec
1988;2(6):429-432.
Soriano V, Gomes P, Heneine W, et al. Human
immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) in
Portugal: clinical spectrum, circulating subtypes,
virus isolation, and plasma viral load. J Med
Virol. May 2000;61(1):111-116.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Soriano V, Gutierrez M, Lago M, et al. HIV-2
infection in HIV-1 indeterminate sera in Spain. J
Acquir
Immune
Defic
Syndr.
Mar
1993;6(3):323-324.
Soriano V, Ordi J, Grau J. Tests for HIV in lupus.
N Engl J Med. Sep 29 1994;331(13):881.
Soriano V, Tor J, Muga R, Clotet B, Ribera A, Foz
M.
Serological
markers
of
human
immunodeficiency virus infection in African
patients with AIDS: are they different from
markers found in patients from other countries?
J Infect Dis. Oct 1988;158(4):894.
Souquiere S, Bibollet-Ruche F, Robertson DL, et
al. Wild Mandrillus sphinx are carriers of two
types
of
lentivirus.
J
Virol.
Aug
2001;75(15):7086-7096.
Souquiere S, Onanga R, Makuwa M, et al.
Simian immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2
(SIV mnd 1 and 2) have different pathogenic
potentials
in
rhesus
macaques
upon
experimental cross-species transmission. J Gen
Virol. Feb 2009;90(Pt 2):488-499.
Sparger EE, Luciw PA, Elder JH, Yamamoto JK,
Lowenstine
LJ,
Pedersen
NC.
Feline
immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus associated
with an AIDS-like disease in cats. AIDS. 1989;3
Suppl 1:S43-49.
Spector M. Doctors Powerless as AIDS Rakes
Africa New York Times, August 6, 1998;World.
Spector M. Breast-Feeding and H.I.V.: Weighing
Health Risks and Treatment Costs New York
Times, August 19, 1998;World
Spence RK. Clinical use of plasma and plasma
fractions. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol.
2006;19(1):83-96.
Spencer B. Orogenital
transmission
of
HIV.
1993;341(8842):441.
sex and risk
Lancet.
Feb
of
13
Spinner A, Sutjipto S. Simian AIDS ELISA:
sensitivity, specificity and predictive values
based on a comparison with Western blot
technique. Lab Anim Sci. Oct 1988;38(5):568572.
Spira S, Wainberg MA, Loemba H, Turner D,
Brenner BG. Impact of clade diversity on HIV-1
virulence, antiretroviral drug sensitivity and drug
resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother. Feb
2003;51(2):229-240.
Spracklen FH, Whittaker RG, Becker WB, Becker
ML, Holmes CM, Potter PC. The acquired
immune deficiency syndrome and related
complex. A report of 2 confirmed cases in Cape
Town with comments on human T-cell
lymphotropic virus type III infections. S Afr Med
J. Aug 3 1985;68(3):139-143.
Page 89 of 109
Bibliography
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Sprecher S, Soumenkoff G, Puissant F,
Degueldre M. Vertical transmission of HIV in 15week fetus. Lancet. Aug 2 1986;2(8501):288289.
Stetler HC, Granade TC, Nunez CA, et al. Field
evaluation of rapid HIV serologic tests for
screening and confirming HIV-1 infection in
Honduras. AIDS. Mar 1997;11(3):369-375.
Standaert B, Niragira F, Kadende P, Piot P. The
association of tuberculosis and HIV infection in
Burundi. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Apr
1989;5(2):247-251.
Stevens CE. No increased incidence of AIDS in
recipients of hepatitis B vaccine [Letter]. N Engl
J Med. May 12 1983;308(19):1163-1164.
Stannard LM, van der Riet FD, Moodie JW. The
morphology of human immunodeficiency virus
particles
by
negative
staining
electron
microscopy. J Gen Virol. Mar 1987;68 ( Pt
3):919-923.
Staszewski S, Schieck E, Rehmet S, Helm EB,
Stille W. HIV transmission from male after only
two
sexual
contacts.
Lancet.
Sep
12
1987;2(8559):628.
Stead WW, Lofgren JP. Tuberculosis and HIV
infection.
N
Engl
J
Med.
Dec
26
1991;325(26):1882-1884.
Steckelberg JM, Cockerill FR, 3rd. Serologic
testing for human immunodeficiency virus
antibodies. Mayo Clin Proc. Apr 1988;63(4):373380.
Steigerwald ES, Sarter M, March P, Podell M.
Effects of feline immunodeficiency virus on
cognition and behavioral function in cats. J
Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. Apr
15 1999;20(5):411-419.
Stein ME, Spencer D, Kantor A, Ruff P, Haim N,
Bezwoda WR. Epidemic AIDS-related Kaposi's
sarcoma in southern Africa: experience at the
Johannesburg General Hospital (1980-1990).
Trans
R
Soc
Trop
Med
Hyg.
Jul-Aug
1994;88(4):434-436.
Steinbrook R. Research Refutes Idea That
Human AIDS Virus Originated in Monkeys Los
Angeles Times. Thursday, June 2, Thursday,
June 2.
Stenger S, Modlin RL. T cell mediated immunity
to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Curr Opin
Microbiol. Feb 1999;2(1):89-93.
Stephens RM, Casey JW, Rice NR. Equine
infectious anemia virus gag and pol genes:
relatedness to visna and AIDS virus. Science.
Feb 7 1986;231(4738):589-594.
Sterne JA, Turner AC, Fine PE, et al. Testing for
antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type
1 in a population in which mycobacterial
diseases are endemic. J Infect Dis. Aug
1995;172(2):543-546.
Sterry W, Marmor M, Konrads A, Steigleder GK.
Kaposi's sarcoma, aplastic pancytopenia, and
multiple infections in a homosexual. Lancet. Apr
23 1983;1(8330):924-925.
Stevens CE, Alter HJ, Taylor PE, Zang EA, Harley
EJ, Szmuness W. Hepatitis B vaccine in patients
receiving hemodialysis. Immunogenicity and
efficacy.
N
Engl
J
Med.
Aug
23
1984;311(8):496-501.
Stevens CE, Szmuness W, Goodman AI, Weseley
SA, Fotino M. Hepatitis B vaccine: immune
responses in haemodialysis patients. Lancet. Dec
6 1980;2(8206):1211-1213.
Stevens CE, Taylor PE, Rubinstein P, et al.
Safety of the hepatitis B vaccine [ Letter ] N
Engl J Med. Feb 7 1985;312(6):375-377.
Stevens CE, Taylor PE, Tong M, Toy PT, Vyas
GN. Hepatitis B Vaccine: An Overview. In: Vyas
GN, Dienstag JL, Hoofnagle JH, eds. Viral
Hepatitis and Liver Disease. Orlando, Florida:
Grune & Stratton, Inc.; 1984:275-291.
Stevens CE, Taylor PE, Zang EA, et al. Human Tcell lymphotropic virus type III infection in a
cohort of homosexual men in New York City.
JAMA. Apr 25 1986;255(16):2167-2172.
Stevens CE, Toy PT, Tong MJ, et al. Perinatal
hepatitis B virus transmission in the United
States.
Prevention
by
passive-active
immunization.
Jama.
Mar
22-29
1985;253(12):1740-1745.
Stewart GT. Changing case-definition for AIDS.
Lancet. Dec 5 1992;340(8832):1414.
Stiehm ER. Disease versus disease: how one
disease may ameliorate another. Pediatrics. Jan
2006;117(1):184-191.
Stintzing G, Back E, Tufvesson B, Johnsson T,
Wadstrom T, Habte D. Seasonal fluctuations in
the occurrence of enterotoxigenic bacteria and
rotavirus in paediatric diarrhoea in Addis Ababa.
Bull World Health Organ. 1981;59(1):67-73.
St-Louis MC, Cojocariu M, Archambault D. The
molecular biology of bovine immunodeficiency
virus: a comparison with other lentiviruses.
Anim Health Res Rev. Dec 2004;5(2):125-143.
Stover
J.
Projecting
the
demographic
consequences of adult HIV prevalence trends:
the Spectrum Projection Package. Sex Transm
Infect. Aug 2004;80 Suppl 1:i14-18.
Strecker RB. Aids virus infection [ LETTER ].
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine.
1986;79:559-560.
Page 90 of 109
Bibliography
Strecker W, Gurtler L, Binibangili M, Strecker K.
Clinical manifestation of HIV infection in
northern Zaire. AIDS. Apr 1993;7(4):597-598.
Strecker W, Gurtler L, Schilling M, Binibangili M,
Strecker
K.
Epidemiology
and
clinical
manifestation of HIV infection in northern Zaire.
Eur J Epidemiol. Feb 1994;10(1):95-98.
Stricker RB, Elswood BF. Polio vaccines and the
origin of AIDS: an update. Med Hypotheses. Feb
1997;48(2):193.
Stricker RB, Goldberg B. The Manchester
seaman. Lancet. Feb 1 1997;349(9048):360.
Strickler
AC,
Kibsey
PC,
Vellend
H.
Seroconversion rates with hepatitis B vaccine.
Ann Intern Med. Oct 1984;101(4):564.
Stricof
RL,
Morse
DL.
HTLV-III/LAV
seroconversion following a deep intramuscular
needlestick injury. N Engl J Med. Apr 24
1986;314(17):1115.
Stromberg K, Benveniste RE, Arthur LO, et al.
Characterization of exogenous type D retrovirus
from a fibroma of a macaque with simian AIDS
and
fibromatosis.
Science.
Apr
20
1984;224(4646):289-282.
Sturmer M, Preiser W, Gute P, Nisius G, Doerr
HW.
Response
to
'Single
phylogenetic
reconstruction method is insufficient to clarify
relationships between patient isolates in HIV-1
transmission case' by Jenwitheesuk and Liu.
AIDS. Apr 29 2005;19(7):741-743; author reply
743-744.
Subbarao S, Limpakarnjanarat K, Mastro TD, et
al. HIV type 1 in Thailand, 1994-1995:
persistence of two subtypes with low genetic
diversity. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Mar 1
1998;14(4):319-327.
Subramanyam VR. Filariasis and malaria sera
from Orissa lack HTLV-III antibody reactivity. J
Commun Dis. Dec 1989;21(4):282-284.
Sudre P, ten Dam G, Kochi A. Tuberculosis: a
global overview of the situation today. Bull
World Health Organ. 1992;70(2):149-159.
Sugg U, Schneider W, Kaufmann R, Gurtler L.
Safety of immunoglobulin preparations with
respect
to
transmission
of
human
immunodeficiency virus. Transfusion. Jan-Feb
1987;27(1):115.
Sugimoto M, Ohishi K, Ikawa Y. Cell-mediated
immunity to BLV replication: analogous to HIV
immunopathogenesis? Immunol Today. Apr
1993;14(4):190-191.
Sullivan MT, Mucke H, Kadey SD, Fang CT,
Williams
AE.
Evaluation
of
an
indirect
immunofluorescence assay for confirmation of
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibody
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
in U.S. blood donor sera. J Clin Microbiol. Sep
1992;30(9):2509-2510.
Sullivan PS, Kilmarx PH, Peterman TA, et al.
Male circumcision for prevention of HIV
transmission: what the new data mean for HIV
prevention in the United States. PLoS Med. Jul
24 2007;4(7):e223.
Sundharam JA. Pruritic skin eruption in the
acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome:
arthropod
bites?
Arch
Dermatol.
Apr
1990;126(4):539.
Sungur C, Akpolat T, Ozkuyumcu C, Yasavul U,
Turgan C, Caglar S. False-positive HIV antibody
test following alpha-interferon therapy in a
chronic
hemodialysis
patient.
Nephron.
1994;67(2):251.
Sutton RN. Slow viruses and chronic disease of
the central nervous system. Postgrad Med J. Feb
1979;55(640):143-149.
Suzuki Y, Gojobori T. The origin and evolution of
human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II.
Virus Genes. 1998;16(1):69-84.
Sweat M, Coates T. Reducing HIV-1 in Kenya
and Tanzania: Authors' Reply. Lancet. Nov 4
2000;356(9241):1602-1603.
Sweat M, Coates T. Author's Reply - Voluntary
counselling and testing for HIV-1. Lancet. Jan 13
2001;357(9250):144-145.
Sweat M, Gregorich S, Sangiwa G, et al. Costeffectiveness of voluntary HIV-1 counselling and
testing in reducing sexual transmission of HIV-1
in Kenya and Tanzania. Lancet. Jul 8
2000;356(9224):113-121.
Switzer WM, Bhullar V, Shanmugam V, et al.
Frequent simian foamy virus infection in persons
occupationally exposed to nonhuman primates. J
Virol. Mar 2004;78(6):2780-2789.
Switzer WM, Parekh B, Shanmugam V, et al. The
epidemiology of simian immunodeficiency virus
infection in a large number of wild- and captiveborn chimpanzees: evidence for a recent
introduction following chimpanzee divergence.
AIDS
Res
Hum
Retroviruses.
May
2005;21(5):335-342.
Switzer WM, Wiktor S, Soriano V, et al. Evidence
of Nef truncation in human immunodeficiency
virus type 2 infection. J Infect Dis. Jan
1998;177(1):65-71.
Szajerka T, Jablecki J. Kaposi's sarcoma
revisited. AIDS Rev. Oct-Dec 2007;9(4):230236.
Szmuness W. [Characteristics of a hepatitis
epidemic
caused
by
inoculation].
Dtsch
Gesundheitsw. Mar 3 1966
Page 91 of 109
Bibliography
Szmuness W. Large-scale efficacy trials of
hepatitis B vaccines in the USA: baseline data
and protocols. J Med Virol. 1979;4(4):327-340.
Szmuness W. Hepatitis B vaccine [ Letter ] N
Engl J Med. Feb 5 1981;304(6):364.
Szmuness W, Dienstag JL, Purcell RH, Harley EJ,
Stevens CE, Wong DC. Distribution of antibody
to hepatitis a antigen in urban adult populations.
N Engl J Med. Sep 30 1976;295(14):755-759.
Szmuness W, Harley EJ, Ikram H, Stevens CE.
Sociodemographic aspects of the epidemiology
of hepatitis B. In: Vyas GN, Cohen SN, Schmid
R, eds. Viral
Hepatitis:
A Contemporary
Assessment
of
Etiology,
Epidemiology,
Pathogenesis and Prevention. Philadelphia:
Franklin Institute Press; 1978:297-320.
Szmuness W, Much I, Prince AM, et al. On the
role of sexual behavior in the spread of hepatitis
B
infection.
Ann
Intern
Med.
Oct
1975;83(4):489-495.
Szmuness W, Prince AM, Goodman M, Ehrich C,
Pick R, Ansari M. Hepatitis B immune serum
globulin in prevention of nonparenterally
transmitted hepatitis B. N Engl J Med. Mar 28
1974;290(13):701-706.
Szmuness W, Stevens CE. Hepatitis B vaccine in
medical staff of haemodialysis units: efficacy of
ad vaccine against ay hepatitis B infection. J
Infect. Jul 1983;7 Suppl 1:9-13.
Szmuness W, Stevens CE, Harley EJ, et al.
Hepatitis B vaccine in medical staff of
hemodialysis units: efficacy and subtype crossprotection.
N
Engl
J
Med.
Dec
9
1982;307(24):1481-1486.
Szmuness W, Stevens CE, Harley EJ, et al.
Hepatitis B vaccine: demonstration of efficacy in
a controlled clinical trial in a high-risk population
in the United States. N Engl J Med. Oct 9
1980;303(15):833-841.
Szmuness W, Stevens CE, Harley EJ, Zang EA,
Taylor PE, Alter HJ. The immune response of
healthy adults to a reduced dose of hepatitis B
vaccine. J Med Virol. 1981;8(2):123-129.
Szmuness W, Stevens CE, Oleszko WR,
Goodman
A.
Passive-active
immunisation
against hepatitis B: immunogenicity studies in
adult Americans. Lancet. Mar 14 1981;1(8220 Pt
1):575-577.
Szmuness W, Stevens CE, Zang EA, Harley EJ,
Kellner A. A controlled clinical trial of the efficacy
of the hepatitis B vaccine (Heptavax B): a final
report. Hepatology. Sep-Oct 1981;1(5):377385.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Szmuness W, Stevens CE, Zang EA, Harley EJ,
Taylor PE, Kellner A. Hepatitis B Vaccine: A
Controlled Clinical Trial in Homosexual Men. In:
Szmuness W, Alter HJ, Maynard JE, eds. Viral
Hepatitis:
1981
International
Symposium.
Philadelphia: Franklin Institute Press; 1982:467486.
Tabor E, Buynak E, Smallwood LA, Snoy P,
Hilleman M, Gerety RJ. Inactivation of hepatitis
B virus by three methods: treatment with
pepsin, urea, or formalin. J Med Virol.
1983;11(1):1-9.
Tada H, Yanagida M, Mishina J, et al. Combined
passive and active immunization for preventing
perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus carrier
state. Pediatrics. Oct 1982;70(4):613-619.
Taelman H, Batungwanayo J, Clerinx J, et al.
Tuberculosis and HIV infection. BMJ. May 18
1991;302(6786):1206.
Takebe Y, Uenishi R, Li X. Global molecular
epidemiology of HIV: understanding the genesis
of AIDS pandemic. Adv Pharmacol. 2008;56:125.
Takehisa J, Harada Y, Ndembi N, et al. Natural
infection of wild-born mandrills (Mandrillus
sphinx) with two different types of simian
immunodeficiency
virus.
AIDS
Res
Hum
Retroviruses. Aug 10 2001;17(12):1143-1154.
Takehisa J, Kraus MH, Ayouba A, et al. Origin
and biology of simian immunodeficiency virus in
wild-living western gorillas. J Virol. Feb
2009;83(4):1635-1648.
Takyi EE. Nutritional status and nutrient intake
of preschool children in northern Ghana. East Afr
Med J. Sep 1999;76(9):510-515.
Tanphaichitra D, Armstrong D, Gold J, Chien N.
HIV testing in Bangkok, Thailand. AIDS. Jun
1988;2(3):228.
Tarimo DS, Killewo JZ, Minjas JN, Msamanga GI.
Prevalence of intestinal parasites in adult
patients with enteropathic AIDS in north-eastern
Tanzania. East Afr Med J. Jun 1996;73(6):397399.
Tarzi MD, Grigoriadou S, Carr SB, Kuitert LM,
Longhurst HJ. Clinical immunology review
series: An approach to the management of
pulmonary
disease
in
primary
antibody
deficiency.
Clin
Exp
Immunol.
Feb
2009;155(2):147-155.
Taubman LB, Kumar VA. The question of
possible relationship between hepatitis B vaccine
and AIDS. Am J Med. Apr 1984;76(4):A59.
Tauris P, Black FT. Heterosexuals importing HIV
from Africa. Lancet. Feb 7 1987;1(8528):325.
Page 92 of 109
Bibliography
Taylor IK, Coker RJ, Clarke J, et al. Pulmonary
complications of HIV disease: 10 year
retrospective
evaluation
of
yields
from
bronchoalveolar lavage, 1983-93. Thorax. Dec
1995;50(12):1240-1245.
Taylor JF, Templeton AC, Vogel CL, Ziegler JL,
Kyalwazi SK. Kaposi's sarcoma in Uganda: a
clinico-pathological study. Int J Cancer. Jul 15
1971;8(1):122-135.
Teas J. Could AIDS agent be a new variant of
African swine fever virus? Lancet. Apr 23
1983;1(8330):923.
Tedder RS, O'Connor T, Hughes A, N'Jie H,
Corrah T, Whittle H. Envelope cross-reactivity in
Western blot for HIV-1 and HIV-2 may not
indicate dual infection. Lancet. Oct 22
1988;2(8617):927-930.
Tedder RS, Uttley A, Cheingsong-Popov R.
Safety of immunoglobulin preparation containing
anti-HTLV-III. Lancet. Apr 6 1985;1(8432):815.
Tello O. AIDS in haemophiliacs in Spain. Lancet.
Dec 22 1984;2(8417-8418):1472.
ten Haaft P, Verschoor EJ, Verstrepen B, et al.
Readily acquired secondary infections of human
and simian immunodeficiency viruses following
single intravenous exposure in non-human
primates. J Gen Virol. Dec 2004;85(Pt
12):3735-3745.
ter Meulen J, Mgaya HN, Chang-Claude J, et al.
Risk factors for HIV infection in gynaecological
inpatients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 19881990. East Afr Med J. Dec 1992;69(12):688692.
Thacher W. Chimpanzees Test Results That
Don’t Apply to Humans. Washington, DC:
Physicians Committee For Responsible Medicine;
1999. 090299.
Thayer RM, Power MD, Bryant ML, Gardner MB,
Barr PJ, Luciw PA. Sequence relationships of
type D retroviruses which cause simian acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome. Virology. Apr
1987;157(2):317-329.
Thea DM, Glass R, Grohmann GS, et al.
Prevalence of enteric viruses among hospital
patients with AIDS in Kinshasa, Zaire. Trans R
Soc Trop Med Hyg. May-Jun 1993;87(3):263266.
Thiry L, Sprecher-Goldberger S, Jacquemin P, et
al. Bovine leukemia virus-related antigens in
lymphocyte cultures infected with AIDSassociated
viruses.
Science.
Mar
22
1985;227(4693):1482-1484.
Thompson
JD,
Gibson
TJ,
Plewniak
F,
Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG. The CLUSTAL_X
windows interface: flexible strategies for
multiple sequence alignment aided by quality
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
analysis tools. Nucleic Acids
1997;25(24):4876-4882.
Res.
Dec
15
Thomsen HK, Jacobsen M, Malchow-Moller A.
Kaposi sarcoma among homosexual men in
Europe. Lancet. Sep 26 1981;2(8248):688.
Thomson MM, Najera R. Molecular epidemiology
of HIV-1 variants in the global AIDS pandemic:
an update. AIDS Rev. Oct-Dec 2005;7(4):210224.
Thomson MM, Perez-Alvarez L, Najera R.
Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 genetic forms
and its significance for vaccine development and
therapy. Lancet Infect Dis. Aug 2002;2(8):461471.
Thomssen
R,
Gerlich
W.
[Hepatitis
B
immunization
and
AIDS].
Dtsch
Med
Wochenschr. Sep 9 1983;108(36):1373-1374.
Thormar
H.
Maedi-visna
virus
and
its
relationship to human immunodeficiency virus.
AIDS Rev. Oct-Dec 2005;7(4):233-245.
Thorpe R, Bird C, Garrett AJ, Minor PD, Schild
GC, Thomas DP. False-positive immunoblot
results
with
antibodies
against
human
immunodeficiency
virus.
Lancet.
Sep
13
1986;2(8507):627-628.
Thorstensson R, Andersson S, Lindback S, et al.
Evaluation of 14 commercial HIV-1/HIV-2
antibody assays using serum panels of different
geographical origin and clinical stage including a
unique seroconversion panel. J Virol Methods.
Feb 1998;70(2):139-151.
Thorstensson R, Helgesson M, Putkonen P,
Biberfeld
G.
False-positive
reaction
by
Wellcozyme
anti-HIV
ELISA.
Aids.
Aug
1988;2(4):320-321.
Tienen C, van der Loeff MS, Zaman SM, et al.
Two distinct epidemics: the rise of HIV-1 and
decline of HIV-2 infection between 1990 and
2007 in rural Guinea-Bissau. J Acquir Immune
Defic Syndr. Apr 2010;53(5):640-647.
Timberg C. How AIDS in Africa Was Overstated.
The Washington Post April 6, 2006, April 6,
2006;A SECTION: A.01.
Tindall B, Barker S, Donovan B, et al.
Characterization of the acute clinical illness
associated with human immunodeficiency virus
infection.
Arch
Intern
Med.
Apr
1988;148(4):945-949.
Titti F, Verani P, Rossi GB, Aceti A, Sebastiani A,
Bile K. Lack of evidence of HTLV-III
seropositivity in Somalia. AIDS Res. Summer
1986;2(3):161-162.
Tolle T, Petry H, Bachmann B, Hunsmann G,
Luke W. Variability of the env gene in
cynomolgus macaques persistently infected with
Page 93 of 109
Bibliography
human immunodeficiency virus type 2 strain
ben. J Virol. Apr 1994;68(4):2765-2771.
Tomonaga K, Katahira J, Fukasawa M, et al.
Isolation
and
characterization
of
simian
immunodeficiency virus from African whitecrowned
mangabey
monkeys
(Cercocebus
torquatus lunulatus). Arch Virol. 1993;129(14):77-92.
Torre D, Rossi S, Sampietro C, Broggini M,
Quadrelli C. Defective lymphocyte chemotaxis in
patients with AIDS. J Infect Dis. Dec
1988;158(6):1398-1399.
Torre D, Sampietro C, Ferraro G, Zeroli C,
Speranza F. Transmission of HIV-1 infection via
sports
injury.
Lancet.
May
5
1990;335(8697):1105.
Tosswill JH, Parry JV, Mortimer PP. Sensitivity of
the
newer
HIV
assays.
AIDS.
Jun
1988;2(3):230.
Towbin H, Staehelin T, Gordon J. Electrophoretic
transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to
nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some
applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Sep
1979;76(9):4350-4354.
Traina-Dorge VL, Lorino R, Gormus BJ, et al.
Molecular
epidemiology
of
simian
T-cell
lymphotropic virus type 1 in wild and captive
sooty mangabeys. J Virol. Feb 2005;79(4):25412548.
Traisupa A, Wongba C, Taylor DN. AIDS and
prevalence
of
antibody
to
human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in high risk groups
in
Thailand.
Genitourin
Med.
Apr
1987;63(2):106-108.
Tratschin JD, McMaster GK, Kronauer G, Siegl G.
Canine parvovirus: relationship to wild-type and
vaccine strains of feline panleukopenia virus and
mink enteritis virus. J Gen Virol. Jul 1982;61 (Pt
l):33-41.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Tristem M, Mansinho K, Champalimaud JL, Ayres
L, Karpas A. Six new isolates of human
immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and the
molecular characterization of one (HIV-2CAM2).
J Gen Virol. Feb 1989;70 ( Pt 2):479-484.
Tristem M, Purvis A, Quicke DL. Complex
evolutionary history of primate lentiviral vpr
genes. Virology. Jan 20 1998;240(2):232-237.
Troye-Blomberg M, Sjoholm PE, Perlmann H,
Patarroyo ME, Perlmann P. Regulation of the
immune response in Plasmodium falciparum
malaria. I. Non-specific proliferative responses
in vitro and characterization of lymphocytes. Clin
Exp Immunol. Aug 1983;53(2):335-344.
Tsuchie H, Kurimura T, Hinuma Y. Survey of the
prevalence of AIDS-associated virus (LAV)
infection
in
Japan.
J
Infect.
May
1985;10(3):272-276.
Tsujimoto H, Cooper RW, Kodama T, et al.
Isolation
and
characterization
of
simian
immunodeficiency virus from mandrills in Africa
and its relationship to other human and simian
immunodeficiency
viruses.
J
Virol.
Nov
1988;62(11):4044-4050.
Tsujimoto H, Hasegawa A, Maki N, et al.
Sequence of a novel simian immunodeficiency
virus from a wild-caught African mandrill.
Nature. Oct 12 1989;341(6242):539-541.
Tung CS, Sangi-Haghpeykar H, Levison J. Rapid
versus standard testing for prenatal HIV
screening
in
a
predominantly
Hispanic
population. J Perinatol. Jan 2010;30(1):30-32.
Turner MJ, White JO, Soutter WP. AIDS
incubation period in male haemophiliacs. Nature.
Dec 24-31 1987;330(6150):702.
Udjo EO. A re-look at recent statistics on
mortality in the context of HIV/AIDS with
particular reference to South Africa. Curr HIV
Res. Mar 2008;6(2):143-151.
Traub RJ, Monis PT, Robertson ID. Molecular
epidemiology: a multidisciplinary approach to
understanding
parasitic
zoonoses.
Int
J
Parasitol. Oct 2005;35(11-12):1295-1307.
Ujhelyi E, Fust G, Illei G, et al. Different types of
false positive anti-HIV reactions in patients on
haemodialysis.
Immunol
Lett.
Jul
1989;22(1):35-40.
Travers K, Mboup S, Marlink R, et al. Natural
protection against HIV-1 infection provided by
HIV-2. Science. Jun 16 1995;268(5217):16121615.
Umolu PI, Okoror LE, Orhue P. Human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity and
hepatitis B surface antigenemia (HBSAG) among
blood donors in Benin city, Edo state, Nigeria.
Afr Health Sci. Mar 2005;5(1):55-58.
Trepo C, Prince AM, Meliconi R, et al. Safety of
hepatitis-B vaccines containing intact 20 nm
particles. Lancet. Mar 3 1979;1(8114):488.
Tribe DE, Reed DL, Lindell P, et al. Antibodies
reactive with human immunodeficiency virus
gag-coded antigens (gag reactive only) are a
major cause of enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay reactivity in a blood donor population. J
Clin Microbiol. Apr 1988;26(4):641-647.
UN. Population in 1990 and 2000: All Countries:
Population Division, Department of Economic
and Social Affairs, United Nations.
UN. Adult Mortality in the Era of HIV/AIDS: SubSaharan Africa: Population Division, Department
of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations
Secretariat; August 18 2000.
Page 94 of 109
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Bibliography
UN. Statistical Yearbook: Forty-eighth issue.
Statistical Yearbook. Geneva, Switzerland; 2004.
UN. Statistical Yearbook, Issue 53. Geneva;
2010.
UN. Population and HIV/AIDS. In: populationhiv2010chart.pdf, ed. PDF. New York: Population
Division, Department of Economic and Social
Affairs; 2010.
UNAIDS. Report on the global HIV/AIDS
epidemic June 2000. Geneva 27, Switzerland:
UNAIDS; June 2000. ISBN: 92-9173-000-9;
UNAIDS/00.13E (English original, June 2000).
UNAIDS. Report on the global HIV/AIDS
epidemic July 2002. Geneva, Switzerland July
2002.
UNAIDS. Improved methods and assumptions
for estimation of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and its
impact: Recommendations of the UNAIDS
Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling and
Projections. AIDS. Jun 14 2002;16(9):W1-14.
UNAIDS. Fact Sheet: Revised HIV Estimates.
http://data.unaids.org/pub/EPISlides/2007/0711
18_epi_revisions_factsheet_en.pdf.
UNAIDS. 2008 Report on the global
epidemic. Geneva, Switzerland 2008.
AIDS
UNAIDS. UNAIDS Annual Report 2009: UNAIDS;
2009:
http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2010/2009_a
nnual_report_en.pdf. Accessed.
UNAIDS. UNAIDS Outlook Report 2010 2010.
UNAIDS. Global report: UNAIDS report on the
global AIDS epidemic 2010. Geneva, Switzerland
2010.
UNAIDS/UN. The Demographic Impact of
HIV/AIDS:
Report on the Technical Meeting
New York, 10 November 1998: Population
Division, Department of Economic and Social
Affairs, United Nations Secretariat; February
1999 1999. ESA/P/WP.152* February 1999.
UNAIDS/WHO. Report on the global HIV/AIDS
epidemic – June 1998. Geneva, Switzerland
June 1998.
UNAIDS/WHO.
AIDS
epidemic
update:
December 1999. Geneva, Switzerland December
1999.
UNAIDS/WHO.
AIDS
epidemic
update:
December 2000. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS;
2000.
UNAIDS/WHO. AIDS Epidemic Update December
2001. Geneva, Switzerland 2001.
UNAIDS/WHO. AIDS Epidemic Update December
2005 December 2005.
UNAIDS/WHO.
AIDS
epidemic
update:
December 2007. Geneva, Switzerland December
2007. UNAIDS/07.27E / JC1322E.
UNAIDS/WHO. Global Facts & Figures. Geneva
2009.
Upfal M. The risk of AIDS after hepatitis
vaccination [ LETTER ]. Jama. May 24-31
1985;253(20):2960-2961.
Urassa W, Matunda S, Bredberg-Raden U, Mhalu
F, Biberfeld G. Evaluation of the WHO human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing
strategy for the diagnosis of HIV infection. Clin
Diagn Virol. Feb 1994;2(1):1-6.
Urba WJ, Longo DL. Clinical spectrum of human
retroviral-induced diseases. Cancer Res. Sep
1985;45(9 Suppl):4637s-4643s.
USNHL. Relation of e antigen to infectivity of
hBsAg-positive inoculations among medical
personnel. Lancet. Sep 4 1976;1(7984):492494.
Uthman OA, Popoola TA, Uthman MM, Aremu O.
Economic evaluations of adult male circumcision
for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV
in men in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic
review. PLoS One. 2010;5(3):e9628.
Vahlne A. A historical reflection on the discovery
of
human
retroviruses.
Retrovirology.
2009;6:40.
van Beers D, Duys M, Maes M, Biarent D,
Haumont D. Heat inactivation of serum may
interfere with tests for antibodies to LAV/HTLVIII. J Virol Methods. Dec 1985;12(3-4):329.
van Binsbergen J, de Rijk D, Peels H, et al.
Evaluation of a new third generation anti-HIV1/anti-HIV-2 assay with increased sensitivity for
HIV-1
group
O.
J
Virol
Methods.
Jul
1996;60(2):131-137.
Van de Peer Y, Janssens W, Heyndrickx L,
Fransen K, van der Groen G, De Wachter R.
Phylogenetic analysis of the env gene of HIV-1
isolates taking into account individual nucleotide
substitution
rates.
AIDS.
Nov
1996;10(13):1485-1494.
Van de Perre P. HIV voluntary counselling and
testing in community health services. Lancet. Jul
8 2000;356(9224):86-87.
Van de Perre P, Carael M, Nzaramba D, Zissis G,
Kayihigi J, Butzler JP. Risk factors for HIV
seropositivity in selected urban-based Rwandese
adults. Aids. Dec 1987;1(4):207-211.
Van de Perre P, Clumeck N, Carael M, et al.
Female prostitutes: a risk group for infection
with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III.
Lancet. Sep 7 1985;2(8454):524-527.
Page 95 of 109
Bibliography
Van de Perre P, Clumeck N, Steens M, et al.
Seroepidemiological
study
on
sexually
transmitted diseases and hepatitis B in African
promiscuous heterosexuals in relation to HTLVIII infection. Eur J Epidemiol. Mar 1987;3(1):1418.
Van de Perre P, Hitimana DG, Simonon A, et al.
Postnatal transmission of HIV-1 associated with
breast
abscess.
Lancet.
Jun
13
1992;339(8807):1490-1491.
Van de Perre P, Le Polain B, Carael M, Nzaramba
D, Zissis G, Butzler JP. HIV antibodies in a
remote rural area in Rwanda, Central Africa: an
analysis of potential risk factors for HIV
seropositivity. Aids. Dec 1987;1(4):213-215.
Van de Perre P, Munyambuga D, Zissis G,
Butlzer JP, Nzaramba D, Clumeck N. Antibody to
HTLV-III in blood donors in central Africa.
Lancet. Feb 9 1985;1(8424):336-337.
Van de Perre P, Nzaramba D, Allen S, Riggin CH,
Sprecher-Goldberger S, Butzler JP. Comparison
of
six
serological
assays
for
human
immunodeficiency virus antibody detection in
developing countries. J Clin Microbiol. Mar
1988;26(3):552-556.
Van de Perre P, Nzaramba D, Ntilivamunda A, et
al. AIDS definition for Africa. Lancet. Jul 11
1987;2(8550):99-100.
Van de Perre P, Rouvroy D, Lepage P, et al.
Acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome
in
Rwanda. Lancet. Jul 14 1984;2(8394):62-65.
van De Wijgert JH, Mason PR, Gwanzura L, et al.
Intravaginal
practices,
vaginal
flora
disturbances, and acquisition of sexually
transmitted diseases in Zimbabwean women. J
Infect Dis. Feb 2000;181(2):587-594.
van den Akker R, Bouman-van Engelen CA, de
Jong JC, et al. Persistence of anti-HIV p24
antibodies in African AIDS patient. Aids. Feb
1988;2(1):62-63.
van der Loeff MF, Awasana AA, Sarge-Njie R, et
al. Sixteen years of HIV surveillance in a West
African
research
clinic
reveals
divergent
epidemic trends of HIV-1 and HIV-2. Int J
Epidemiol. Oct 2006;35(5):1322-1328.
van der Loeff MF, Larke N, Kaye S, et al.
Undetectable plasma viral load predicts normal
survival in HIV-2-infected people in a West
African village. Retrovirology. 2010;7(46):1-10.
van der Poel CL, Reesink HW, Tersmette T, Lelie
PN, Huisman H, Miedema F. Blood donations
reactive for HIV in Western blot, but noninfective in culture and recipients of blood.
Lancet. Sep 27 1986;2(8509):752-753.
van Geelen JA, Schalm SW, de Visser EM,
Heijtink RA. Immune response to hepatitis B
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
vaccine in hemodialysis
1987;45(3):216-218.
patients.
Nephron.
Van Gorkom J, Kibuga D, Adallah S, et al. HIV
sero-prevalence among tuberculosis patients in
Kenya. East Afr Med J. Aug 1999;76(8):452456.
van Hattum J, van Oudenaren A, Schalm SW,
Visser
JW,
Benner
R.
T-lymphocyte
subpopulations in patients with various courses
after hepatitis B virus infection. Scand J
Gastroenterol. Jun 1984;19(4):497-501.
Van Heuverswyn F, Li Y, Neel C, et al. Human
immunodeficiency viruses: SIV infection in wild
gorillas. Nature. Nov 9 2006;444(7116):164.
Van Heuverswyn F, Peeters M. The origins of
HIV and implications for the global epidemic.
Curr Infect Dis Rep. Jul 2007;9(4):338-346.
Van Howe RS. Circumcision and HIV infection:
review of the literature and meta-analysis. Int J
STD AIDS. Jan 1999;10(1):8-16.
Van Maele B, Debyser Z. HIV-1 integration: an
interplay between HIV-1 integrase, cellular and
viral proteins. AIDS Rev. Jan-Mar 2005;7(1):2643.
van Tienen C, van der Loeff MF, Peterson I, et
al. HTLV-1 in rural Guinea-Bissau: prevalence,
incidence and a continued association with HIV
between
1990
and
2007.
Retrovirology.
2010;7:50.
Vanden Haesevelde MM, Peeters M, Jannes G, et
al. Sequence analysis of a highly divergent HIV1-related lentivirus isolated from a wild captured
chimpanzee. Virology. Jul 15 1996;221(2):346350.
Vandenbroucke JP. Tracking AIDS epidemic in
libraries. Lancet. Aug 4 1990;336(8710):318.
Vandepitte J, Verwilghen R, Zachee P. AIDS and
cryptococcosis (Zaire, 1977). Lancet. Apr 23
1983;1(8330):925-926.
VandeWoude S, Troyer J, Poss M. Restrictions to
cross-species transmission of lentiviral infection
gleaned from studies of FIV. Vet Immunol
Immunopathol. Mar 15 2010;134(1-2):25-32.
Vangroenweghe D. The earliest cases of human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M in
Congo-Kinshasa, Rwanda and Burundi and the
origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Jun 29
2001;356(1410):923-925.
Vanhems P, Allard R, Cooper DA, et al. Acute
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease
as a mononucleosis-like illness: is the diagnosis
too
restrictive?
Clin
Infect
Dis.
May
1997;24(5):965-970.
Page 96 of 109
Bibliography
Varghese B, Maher JE, Peterman TA, Branson
BM, Steketee RW. Reducing the risk of sexual
HIV transmission: quantifying the per-act risk
for HIV on the basis of choice of partner, sex
act, and condom use. Sex Transm Dis. Jan
2002;29(1):38-43.
Varghese B, Peterman TA, Mugalla C. Voluntary
counselling and testing for HIV-1. Lancet. Jan 13
2001;357(9250):144-145.
Varma VA, Hunter S, Tickman R, Srinivasan A,
Swan D. Acute fatal HIV encephalitis with
negative serologic assays for antibody and
antigen: diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction.
N Engl J Med. Jun 1 1989;320(22):1494-1495.
Varnier OE, Lillo FB, Schito GC, Lazzarin A,
Kanki PJ. Parallel Western blot analysis for HIV-1
and HIV-2 antibodies: absence of HIV-2
infection in Italian subjects at risk for AIDS.
Aids. Jun 1988;2(3):215-217.
Varthalitis I, Meunier F. Pneumocystis carinii
pneumonia in cancer patients. Cancer Treat Rev.
Oct 1993;19(4):387-413.
Vercauteren G, Piot P, Vandenbruaene M, van
der Groen G. Evaluation of two enzyme
immunoassays
for
detection
of
human
immunodeficiency virus antigen in African and
European sera. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis.
Oct 1989;8(10):892-895.
Vergne L, Peeters M. The challenge of HIV
sequence diversity in the envelope glycoprotein.
In: Reeves J, Derdeyn C, eds. Milestones in
Drug Therapy: Entry Inhibitors in HIV Therapy.
Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser; 2007:17-29.
Verhofstede C, Fransen K, Marissens D, et al.
Isolation of HIV-1 RNA from plasma: evaluation
of eight different extraction methods. J Virol
Methods. Jul 1996;60(2):155-159.
Veronesi R, Mazza CC, Santos Ferreira MO,
Lourenco MH. HIV-2 in Brazil. Lancet. Aug 15
1987;2(8555):402.
Verschoor EJ, Warren KS, Niphuis H, Heriyanto,
Swan RA, Heeney JL. Characterization of a
simian T-lymphotropic virus from a wild-caught
orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus) from Kalimantan,
Indonesia. J Gen Virol. Jan 1998;79 ( Pt 1):5155.
Victorino RM, Maria VA, Jeffries DJ, Pinching A.
Absence of HTLV-III/LAV antibodies in exresidents
from
Angola
and
Mozambique
returning to Portugal before 1979. Acta Med
Port. Jan-Feb 1986;7(1):49-50.
Vieira J, Frank E, Spira TJ, Landesman SH.
Acquired immune deficiency in Haitians:
opportunistic infections in previously healthy
Haitian immigrants. N Engl J Med. Jan 20
1983;308(3):125-129.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Vieira J, O'Hearn P, Kimball L, Chandran B,
Corey L. Activation of Kaposi's sarcomaassociated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8)
lytic replication by human cytomegalovirus. J
Virol. Feb 2001;75(3):1378-1386.
Vilaseca J, Arnau JM, Bacardi R, Mieras C,
Serrano A, Navarro C. Kaposi's sarcoma and
toxoplasma gondii brain abscess in a Spanish
homosexual. Lancet. Mar 6 1982;1(8271):572.
Vilmer E, Barre-Sinoussi F, Rouzioux C, et al.
Isolation of new lymphotropic retrovirus from
two siblings with haemophilia B, one with AIDS.
Lancet. Apr 7 1984;1(8380):753-757.
Vincent F, Belec L, Glotz D, Menoyo-Calonge V,
Duboust A, Bariety J. False-positive neutralizable
HIV antigens detected in organ transplant
recipients. AIDS. May 1993;7(5):741-742.
Vitale F, Viviano E, Perna AM, et al. Serological
and
virological
evidence
of
non-sexual
transmission of human herpesvirus type 8
(HHV8).
Epidemiol
Infect.
Dec
2000;125(3):671-675.
Vittecoq D, Autran B, Bourstyn E, Chermann JC.
Lymphadenopathy syndrome and seroconversion
two months after single use of needle shared
with an AIDS patient. Lancet. May 31
1986;1(8492):1280.
Vittecoq D, May T, Roue RT, et al. Acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome after travelling in
Africa: an epidemiological study in seventeen
Caucasian
patients.
Lancet.
Mar
14
1987;1(8533):612-615.
Vittecoq D, Modai J. AIDS in a black Malian.
Lancet. Oct 29 1983;2(8357):1023.
Voeller B. AIDS transmission and saliva. Lancet.
May 10 1986;1(8489):1099-1100.
Voeller
B,
Anderson
DJ.
Heterosexual
transmission
of
HIV.
JAMA.
Apr
8
1992;267(14):1917-1918; author reply 19181919.
Voevodin A. HIV screening in Russia. Lancet. Jun
20 1992;339(8808):1548.
Voevodin AF, Johnson BK, Samilchuk EI, et al.
Phylogenetic analysis of simian T-lymphotropic
virus Type I (STLV-I) in common chimpanzees
(Pan troglodytes): evidence for interspecies
transmission of the virus between chimpanzees
and humans in Central Africa. Virology. Nov 24
1997;238(2):212-220.
Vogel R. AIDS transmission by hepatitis b
vaccine. Br Dent J. Dec 21 1985;159(12):391.
Volsky DJ, Rodriguez L, Dewhurst S, et al.
Antibodies to acquired immune deficiency
syndrome
(AIDS)-associated
virus
(HTLV-
Page 97 of 109
Bibliography
III/LAV) in Venezuelan populations. AIDS Res.
Spring 1986;2(2):79-92.
Volsky DJ, Wu YT, Stevenson M, et al.
Antibodies to HTLV-III/LAV in Venezuelan
patients with acute malarial infections. N Engl J
Med. Mar 6 1986;314(10):647-648.
von der Helm K, von der Helm D, Deinhardt F.
Simultaneous
infection
with
the
human
immunodeficiency virus and HTLV-1 in a patient
with AIDS. J Infect Dis. Jan 1988;157(1):205207.
von Krogh G, Hellstrom L, Bottiger M. Declining
incidence of syphilis among homosexual men in
Stockholm. Lancet. Oct 18 1986;2(8512):920921.
von Mettenheim AE. [Studies on simian viruses
as possible contaminants of inactivated virus
vaccines. I. Direct and serologic detection of
simian adenovirus SV20 (author's transl)].
Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A. Jul 1975;232(23):131-140.
Vorou RM, Papavassiliou VG, Tsiodras S.
Emerging zoonoses and vector-borne infections
affecting humans in Europe. Epidemiol Infect.
Nov 2007;135(8):1231-1247.
Wabinga
Mugerwa
1989-91:
AIDS. Int
HR, Parkin DM, Wabwire-Mangen F,
JW. Cancer in Kampala, Uganda, in
changes in incidence in the era of
J Cancer. Apr 22 1993;54(1):26-36.
Wabinga HR, Parkin DM, Wabwire-Mangen F,
Nambooze S. Trends in cancer incidence in
Kyadondo County, Uganda, 1960-1997. Br J
Cancer. May 2000;82(9):1585-1592.
Wabwire-Mangen F, Serwadda D, Sewankambo
NK, et al. Further experience with the World
Health Organization clinical case definition for
AIDS in Uganda. AIDS. Jul 1989;3(7):462-463.
Wachter H, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G,
Werner ER, Dierich MP. Who will get AIDS?
Lancet. Nov 22 1986;2(8517):1216-1217.
Wagner HU, Kamali A, Nunn AJ, KengeyaKayondo JF, Mulder DW. General and HIV-1associated morbidity in a rural Ugandan
community. AIDS. Nov 1993;7(11):1461-1467.
Wagner HU, Van Dyck E, Roggen E, et al.
Seroprevalence and incidence of sexually
transmitted diseases in a rural Ugandan
population.
Int
J
STD
AIDS.
Sep-Oct
1994;5(5):332-337.
Wahl M, Hermodsson S, Iwarson S. Immune
response to hepatitis B vaccination in the
mentally retarded. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl.
1983;38:24-27.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Wahl M, Hermodsson S, Iwarson S. Immune
responses to hepatitis B vaccine in the mentally
retarded. J Infect. Jul 1983;7 Suppl 1:47-51.
Wahman A, Melnick SL, Rhame FS, Potter JD.
The epidemiology of classic, African, and
immunosuppressed Kaposi's sarcoma. Epidemiol
Rev. 1991;13:178-199.
Wain LV, Bailes E, Bibollet-Ruche F, et al.
Adaptation of HIV-1 to its human host. Mol Biol
Evol. Aug 2007;24(8):1853-1860.
Wain-Hobson S. Immunodeficiency
1959
and
all
that.
Nature.
1998;391(6667):531-532.
viruses.
Feb
5
Wain-Hobson S, Sonigo P, Danos O, Cole S,
Alizon M. Nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus,
LAV. Cell. Jan 1985;40(1):9-17.
Wakefield AE, Stewart TJ, Moxon ER, Marsh K,
Hopkin JM. Infection with Pneumocystis carinii is
prevalent in healthy Gambian children. Trans R
Soc Trop Med Hyg. Nov-Dec 1990;84(6):800802.
Walgate R. Hepatitis B vaccine. Pasteur Institute
in
AIDS
fracas.
Nature.
Jul
14-20
1983;304(5922):104.
Walgate R, Beardsley T. AIDS. US and French
institutes in patents struggle. Nature. Oct 3-9
1985;317(6036):373.
Walker N, Bryce J, Black RE. Interpreting health
statistics for policymaking: the story behind the
headlines. Lancet. Mar 17 2007;369(9565):956963.
Walker N, Stanecki KA, Brown T, et al. Methods
and procedures for estimating HIV/AIDS and its
impact: the UNAIDS/WHO estimates for the end
of 2001. AIDS. Oct 17 2003;17(15):2215-2225.
Walker N, Stover J, Stanecki K, et al. The
workbook approach to making estimates and
projecting future scenarios of HIV/AIDS in
countries with low level and concentrated
epidemics. Sex Transm Infect. Aug 2004;80
Suppl 1:i10-13.
Walker PR, Worobey M, Rambaut A, Holmes EC,
Pybus OG. Epidemiology: Sexual transmission of
HIV
in
Africa.
Nature.
Apr
17
2003;422(6933):679.
Walley NM, Julg B, Dickson SP, et al. The Duffy
antigen receptor for chemokines null promoter
variant does not influence HIV-1 acquisition or
disease progression. Cell Host Microbe. May 8
2009;5(5):408-410; author reply 418-409.
Wallis C, Thompson D. Medicine: AIDS: Knowing
the Face of the Enemy. Time. New York, NY;
April 30, 1984.
Page 98 of 109
Bibliography
Walton RT, Rowland-Jones SL. HIV and
chemokine binding to red blood cells--DARC
matters. Cell Host Microbe. Jul 17 2008;4(1):35.
Walzer PD, Perl DP, Krogstad DJ, Rawson PG,
Schultz MG. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in
the United States: epidemiologic, diagnostic,
and clinical features. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr.
Oct 1976;43:55-63.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
but does not induce disease. J Virol. Jun
1991;65(6):3344-3348.
Watt G, Chanbancherd P, Brown AE. Human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 test results in
patients with malaria and dengue infections. Clin
Infect Dis. May 2000;30(5):819.
Watt JG. Epidemic hepatitis B caused by
commercial human immunoglobulin. Lancet. Jun
30 1979;1(8131):1399-1400.
Walzer PD, Schultz MG, Western KA, Robbins JB.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and primary
immune deficiency diseases of infancy and
childhood. J Pediatr. Mar 1973;82(3):416-422.
Watters DA, Sinclair JR, Luo N, Verma R. HIV
seroprevalence in critically ill patients in Zambia.
Aids. Apr 1988;2(2):142-143.
Walzer PD, Schultz MG, Western KA, Robbins JF.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and primary
immune deficiency diseases. Natl Cancer Inst
Monogr. Oct 1976;43:65-74.
Wawer MJ, Gray RH, Sewankambo NK, et al.
Rates of HIV-1 transmission per coital act, by
stage of HIV-1 infection, in Rakai, Uganda. J
Infect Dis. May 1 2005;191(9):1403-1409.
Interview with Oleg Kalugin, Public Interest with
Kojo Nnamdi, December 6, 2001, WAMU
(American University Radio), Washington, DC,
National Public Broadcasting Archives, University
of Maryland [Radio broadcast]. Washington,
D.C.; 2001.
Wawer MJ, Sewankambo NK, Berkley S, et al.
Incidence of HIV-1 infection in a rural region of
Uganda. BMJ. Jan 15 1994;308(6922):171-173.
Ward H, Day S, Mezzone J, et al. Prostitution
and risk of HIV: female prostitutes in London.
BMJ. Aug 7 1993;307(6900):356-358.
Ward JM, O'Leary TJ, Baskin GB, et al.
Immunohistochemical localization of human and
simian immunodeficiency viral antigens in fixed
tissue
sections.
Am
J
Pathol.
May
1987;127(2):199-205.
Ward JW, Grindon AJ, Feorino PM, Schable C,
Parvin M, Allen JR. Laboratory and epidemiologic
evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for
antibodies
to
HTLV-III.
JAMA.
Jul
18
1986;256(3):357-361.
Warner L, Ghanem KG, Newman DR, Macaluso
M, Sullivan PS, Erbelding EJ. Male circumcision
and risk of HIV infection among heterosexual
African American men attending Baltimore
sexually transmitted disease clinics. J Infect Dis.
Jan 1 2009;199(1):59-65.
Warner TF, Uno H, Gabel C, Tsai CC. A
comparative ultrastructural study of virions in
human pre-AIDS and simian AIDS. Ultrastruct
Pathol. 1984;7(4):251-258.
Wartick MG, McCarroll DR, Wiltbank TB. A
second discriminator for biological false positive
results in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus
(HTLV-III/LAV).
Transfusion.
Jan-Feb
1987;27(1):109-111.
Watanabe M, Ringler DJ, Fultz PN, et al. A
chimpanzee-passaged human immunodeficiency
virus isolate is cytopathic for chimpanzee cells
Wawer MJ, Sewankambo NK, Serwadda D, et al.
Control of sexually transmitted diseases for
AIDS prevention in Uganda: a randomised
community trial. Rakai Project Study Group.
Lancet. Feb 13 1999;353(9152):525-535.
Weaver EA. A detailed phylogenetic analysis of
FIV in the United States. PLoS One.
2010;5(8):e12004.
Weber B, Moshtaghi-Boronjeni M, Brunner M,
Preiser W, Breiner M, Doerr HW. Evaluation of
the reliability of 6 current anti-HIV-1/HIV-2
enzyme immunoassays. J Virol Methods. Sep
1995;55(1):97-104.
Weber DJ, Rutala WA, Samsa GP, Santimaw JE,
Lemon SM. Obesity as a predictor of poor
antibody response to hepatitis B plasma vaccine.
Jama. Dec 13 1985;254(22):3187-3189.
Weber JN, Weiss RA. The virology of human
immunodeficiency viruses. Br Med Bull. Jan
1988;44(1):20-37.
Webster AD, Dalgleish AG, Malkovsky M, et al.
Isolation of retroviruses from two patients with
"common variable" hypogammaglobulinaemia.
Lancet. Mar 15 1986;1(8481):581-583.
Weinberg
GA.
Pneumocystis
carinii
nomenclature: 2 misnomers are not better than
1. Clin Infect Dis. Apr 15 2006;42(8):12091210; author reply 1212-1204.
Weiss A. Is AIDS Man-Made? Science. November
12 1999;286(5443):1305-1306.
Weiss A, Hollander H, Stobo J. Acquired
immunodeficiency
syndrome:
epidemiology,
virology, and immunology. Annu Rev Med.
1985;36:545-562.
Page 99 of 109
Bibliography
Weiss HA, Halperin D, Bailey RC, Hayes RJ,
Schmid G, Hankins CA. Male circumcision for
HIV prevention: from evidence to action? AIDS.
Mar 12 2008;22(5):567-574.
Weiss HA, Hankins CA, Dickson K. Male
circumcision and risk of HIV infection in women:
a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet
Infect Dis. Nov 2009;9(11):669-677.
Weiss HA, Quigley MA, Hayes RJ. Male
circumcision and risk of HIV infection in subSaharan Africa: a systematic review and metaanalysis. AIDS. Oct 20 2000;14(15):2361-2370.
Weiss R, Boshoff C. Addressing controversies
over Kaposi's sarcoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. May 3
2000;92(9):677-679.
Weiss RA. Human immunodeficiency viruses.
Baillieres Clin Haematol. Jan 1990;3(1):207213.
Weiss RA. The Leeuwenhoek Lecture 2001.
Animal origins of human infectious disease.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Jun 29
2001;356(1410):957-977.
Weiss RA. Natural and iatrogenic factors in
human immunodeficiency virus transmission.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Jun 29
2001;356(1410):947-953.
Weiss RA, Cheingsong-Popov R, Clayden S, et
al. Lack of HTLV-I antibodies in Africans. Nature.
Feb 27-Mar 5 1986;319(6056):794-795.
Weiss RA, Clapham PR, Weber JN, Dalgleish AG,
Lasky LA, Berman PW. Variable and conserved
neutralization
antigens
of
human
immunodeficiency virus. Nature. Dec 11-17
1986;324(6097):572-575.
Weiss RA, Heeney JL. Infectious diseases: An ill
wind for wild chimps? Nature. Jul 23
2009;460(7254):470-471.
Weiss RA, Levy JA. Virology_Overview. AIDS.
1988;2 Suppl 1:S1-2.
Weiss RA, Wrangham RW. From Pan to
pandemic. Nature. Feb 4 1999;397(6718):385386.
Welch K, Finkbeiner W, Alpers CE, et al. Autopsy
findings in the acquired immune deficiency
syndrome. JAMA. Sep 7 1984;252(9):11521159.
Weller I, Crawford DH, Iliescu V, et al.
Homosexual men in London: lymphadenopathy,
immune status, and Epstein-Barr virus infection.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1984;437:238-253.
Wellings K, Collumbien M, Slaymaker E, et al.
Sexual
behaviour
in
context:
a
global
perspective.
Lancet.
Nov
11
2006;368(9548):1706-1728.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Wellings K, Collumbien M, Slaymaker E, et al.
Sexual behaviour in context: Author's Repy.
Lancet. February 17 2007;369(9561):557.
Wells MA, Wittek AE, Epstein JS, et al.
Inactivation and partition of human T-cell
lymphotrophic virus, type III, during ethanol
fractionation of plasma. Transfusion. Mar-Apr
1986;26(2):210-213.
Wells R, Stensland L, Vieira J. The human
cytomegalovirus UL112-113 locus can activate
the full Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
lytic
replication
cycle.
J
Virol.
May
2009;83(9):4695-4699.
Wendler I, Schneider J, Gras B, Fleming AF,
Hunsmann G, Schmitz H. Seroepidemiology of
human immunodeficiency virus in Africa. Br Med
J (Clin Res Ed). Sep 27 1986;293(6550):782785.
Weniger BG, Quinhoes EP, Sereno AB, et al. A
simplified surveillance case definition of AIDS
derived from empirical clinical data. The Clinical
AIDS Study Group, and the Working Group on
AIDS case definition. J Acquir Immune Defic
Syndr. Dec 1992;5(12):1212-1223.
Wenk RE, Russo F. Group-specific component
(Gc) alleles among Haitian immigrants. Am J
Clin Pathol. Sep 1988;90(3):371-372.
Wertheim JO, Worobey M. A challenge to the
ancient origin of SIVagm based on African green
monkey mitochondrial genomes. PLoS Pathog.
Jul 2007;3(7):e95.
Wertheim JO, Worobey M. Dating the age of the
SIV lineages that gave rise to HIV-1 and HIV-2.
PLoS Comput Biol. May 2009;5(5):e1000377.
Wertlen L. AIDS or hepatitis B--which the real
danger? S Afr Med J. Jun 16 1990;77(12):653.
Wetmore CM, Manhart LE, Wasserheit JN.
Randomized controlled trials of interventions to
prevent sexually transmitted infections: learning
from the past to plan for the future. Epidemiol
Rev. Apr 2010;32(1):121-136.
Whalen CC, Johnson JL, Okwera A, et al. A trial
of three regimens to prevent tuberculosis in
Ugandan adults infected with the human
immunodeficiency virus. Uganda-Case Western
Reserve University Research Collaboration. N
Engl J Med. Sep 18 1997;337(12):801-808.
Wheeler VW, Radcliffe KW. HIV infection in the
Caribbean.
Int
J
STD
AIDS.
Mar-Apr
1994;5(2):79-89.
Whetstone CA, Sayre KR, Dock NL, et al.
Examination
of
whether
persistently
indeterminate human immunodeficiency virus
type 1 Western immunoblot reactions are due to
serological
reactivity
with
bovine
Page 100 of 109
Bibliography
immunodeficiency-like virus. J Clin Microbiol. Apr
1992;30(4):764-770.
White AC, Jr., Miller SM. HIV infection after
needlesticks.
Ann
Intern
Med.
Feb
1
1991;114(3):253.
White GC, 2nd, Lesesne HR. Hemophilia,
hepatitis, and the acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome.
Ann
Intern
Med.
Mar
1983;98(3):403-404.
White GC, 2nd, Matthews TJ, Weinhold KJ, et al.
HTLV-III seroconversion associated with heattreated factor VIII concentrate. Lancet. Mar 15
1986;1(8481):611-612.
Whittle H, Egboga A, Todd J, et al.
Immunological responses of Gambians in
relation to clinical stage of HIV-2 disease. Clin
Exp Immunol. Jul 1993;93(1):45-50.
Whittle H, Morris J, Todd J, et al. HIV-2-infected
patients survive longer than HIV-1-infected
patients. AIDS. Nov 1994;8(11):1617-1620.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--an
assessment of the present situation in the
world: memorandum from a WHO meeting. Bull
World Health Organ. 1984;62(3):419-432.
WHO. Workshop on AIDS in Central Africa. Paper
presented at: Workshop on AIDS in Central
Africa; October 22-25, 1985, 1985; Banqui,
Central African Republic.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS):
1987 Revision of CDC/WHO case
definition for AIDS. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 1/8
January 1988 1988;63(1/2):1-7.
WHO. Acquired Immunodefiency Syndrome United Kingdom. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 24
February 1989 1989;64(8):57-58.
WHO. Statistics from the World Health
Organization and the Centers for Disease
Control. AIDS. Dec 1989;3(12):863-867.
WHO. Statistics from the World Health
Organization and the Centers for Disease
Control. AIDS. Nov 1989;3(11):771-775.
WHO. Statistics from the World Health
Organization and the Centers for Disease
Control. AIDS. Oct 1989;3(10):677-681.
WHO. Statistics from the World Health
Organization and the Centers for Disease
Control. AIDS. Sep 1989;3(9):619-623.
WHO. Statistics from the World Health
Organization and the Centers for Disease
Control. AIDS. Aug 1989;3(8):549-553.
WHO. Statistics from the World Health
Organization and the Centers for Disease
Control. AIDS. Jun 1989;3(6):405-409.
WHO. Statistics from the World Health
Organization and the Centers for Disease
Control. AIDS. May 1989;3(5):327-332.
WHO. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS): WHO/CDC case definition for AIDS.
Wkly Epidemiol Rec. March 7 1986;61(10):6973.
WHO. Statistics from the World Health
Organization and the Centers for Disease
Control. AIDS. Mar 1989;3(3):187-190.
WHO. Statistics from the World Health
Organization and the Centers for Disease
Control. Aids. Sep 1987;1(3):195-197.
WHO. Statistics from the World Health
Organization and the Centers for Disease
Control. AIDS. Jan 1989;3(1):51-54.
WHO. Statistics from the World Health
Organization and the Centers for Disease
Control. Aids. Dec 1987;1(4):261-263.
WHO. Statistics from the World Health
Organization and the Centers for Disease
Control. AIDS. Feb 1989;3(2):113-117.
WHO. Statistics from the World Health
Organization and the Centers for Disease
Control. Aids. Feb 1988;2(1):65-69.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS). Surveillance update to 31 December
1989 in the WHO European Region and
projections up to 1991. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Apr
20 1990;65(16):117-120.
WHO. Statistics from the World Health
Organization and the Centers for Disease
Control. Aids. Jun 1988;2(3):235-238.
WHO. Statistics from the World Health
Organization and the Centers for Disease
Control. Aids. Aug 1988;2(4):323-326.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS). Proposed WHO criteria for interpreting
results from western blot assays for HIV-1, HIV2, and HTLV-I/HTLV-II. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Sep
14 1990;65(37):281-283.
WHO. Statistics from the World Health
Organization and the Centers for Disease
Control. Aids. April 1988;2(2):145-149.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS)--data as at 31 January 1990. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Feb 2 1990;65(5):29-30.
WHO. Animal models for HIV infection and
AIDS: memorandum from a WHO meeting. Bull
World Health Organ. 1988;66(5):561-574.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS). Recommendations for the interpretation
Page 101 of 109
Bibliography
of HIV-2 western blot results. Wkly Epidemiol
Rec. Mar 9 1990;65(10):74-75.
WHO.
AIDS:
recommendations
for
the
interpretation of HIV-2 western blot results. Bull
World Health Organ. 1990;68(4):515, 519.
WHO. Interim proposal for a WHO Staging
System for HIV infection and Disease. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Jul 20 1990;65(29):221-224.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS)--data as at 31 July 1990. Wkly Epidemiol
Rec. Aug 3 1990;65(31):237-238.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS)--data as at 31 December 1989. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Jan 5 1990;65(1):1-2.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS). Surveillance update to 30 September
1989 in the WHO European Region. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Feb 2 1990;65(5):31-34.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
WHO. Global programme on AIDS. Sentinel HIV
surveillance. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Nov 5
1993;68(45):332-335.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS)--data as at 31 December 1992. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Jan 15 1993;68(3):9-10.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS)--data as at 30 June 1993. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Jul 2 1993;68(27):193-194.
WHO. The current global situation of the
HIV/AIDS pandemic. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Jan 15
1993;68(3):11.
WHO. The current global situation of the
HIV/AIDS pandemic. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Jul 2
1993;68(27):195-196.
WHO.
WHO
case
definitions
for
AIDS
surveillance in adults and adolescents. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Sep 16 1994;69(37):273-275.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS) in 1989. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Mar 23
1990;65(12):85-88.
WHO. The current global situation of the
HIV/AIDS pandemic. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Jul 1
1994;69(26):191-192.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS)--data as at 30 April 1990. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. May 4 1990;65(18):133-134.
WHO. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) - Data as at 30 June 1994. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Jul 1 1994;69(26):189-190.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS). HIV infections, 1989. Wkly Epidemiol
Rec. Sep 28 1990;65(39):302-303.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS)--data as at 31 December 1993. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Jan 14 1994;69(2):5-6.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS)--data as at 31 October 1990. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Nov 2 1990;65(44):337-338.
WHO. The current global situation of the
HIV/AIDS pandemic. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Jan 14
1994;69(2):7-8.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS)--data as at 30 September 1990. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Oct 5 1990;65(40):305-306.
WHO. World malaria situation in 1992. Part I.
Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Oct 21 1994;69(42):309314.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS)--data as at 31 August 1990. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Sep 7 1990;65(36):273-274.
WHO. Statistics from the World Health
Organization. AIDS. Nov 1995;9(11):12971298.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS)--data as at 1 May 1991. Wkly Epidemiol
Rec. May 3 1991;66(18):125-128.
WHO. The current global situation of the
HIV/AIDS pandemic. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Jan 13
1995;70(2):7-8.
WHO. Statistics from the World Health
Organization and the Centers for Disease
Control. AIDS. Feb 1991;5(2):239-244.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS)--data as at 31 December 1994. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Jan 13 1995;70(2):5-6.
WHO. Statistics from the World Health
Organization and the Centers for Disease
Control. Aids. Feb 1992;6(2):243-247.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS)--Data as at 30 June 1995. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Jul 7 1995;70(27):193-194.
WHO.
Global
programme
on
AIDS.
Recommendations for the selection and use of
HIV antibody tests. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. May 15
1992;67(20):145-149.
WHO. The current global situation of the
HIV/AIDS pandemic. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Jul 7
1995;70(27):195-196.
WHO. Global programme on AIDS. Profile of the
HIV/AIDS epidemic. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Mar 12
1993;68(11):74-77.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS)--data as at 15 December 1995. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Dec 15 1995;70(50):353-354.
Page 102 of 109
Bibliography
WHO. The current global situation of the
HIV/AIDS pandemic. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Dec
15 1995;70(50):355.
WHO. The current global situation of the
HIV/AIDS pandemic. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Nov
29 1996;71(48):363-364.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
WHO. Global AIDS surveillance--Part I. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Nov 26 1999;74(47):401-404.
WHO. Global AIDS surveillance--Part II. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Dec 1999 1999;74(48):409-414.
WHO. Global AIDS surveillance. Part I. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Nov 24 2000;75(47):379-383.
WHO. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) - Data as at 20 November 1996. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Nov 29 1996;71(48):361-362.
WHO. Global AIDS surveillance. Part II. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Dec 1 2000;75(48):386-392.
WHO. The current global situation of the
HIV/AIDS pandemic. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Jul 5
1996;71(27):207-208.
WHO. HIV/AIDS situation, WHO Western Pacific
region, 1998. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Apr 7
2000;75(14):110-113.
WHO. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS)-data as at 30 June 1996. Wkly Epidemiol
Rec. Jul 5 1996;71(27):205-206.
WHO. HIV/AIDS, WHO Western Pacific Region,
revised 1999 estimates. Wkly Epidemiol Rec.
Aug 18 2000;75(33):266-268.
WHO. Global AIDS surveillance--part I. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Nov 28 1997;72(48):357-358.
WHO. Global situation of the HIV/AIDS
pandemic, end 2001. Part I. Wkly Epidemiol Rec.
Dec 7 2001;76(49):381-386.
WHO. The current global situation of the
HIV/AIDS pandemic. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Nov
28 1997;72(48):359-360.
WHO. Global AIDS surveillance. Part II. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Dec 14 2001;76(50):390-396.
WHO. HIV/AIDS: the global epidemic, December
1996.
Wkly
Epidemiol
Rec.
Jan
24
1997;72(4):17-21.
WHO. Global situation of the AIDS pandemic,
end 2002. Part I. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Dec 6
2002;77(49):417-424.
WHO. Global AIDS surveillance. Wkly Epidemiol
Rec. Jul 4 1997;72(27):197-198.
WHO.
HIV/AIDS
surveillance
and
global
estimates. Part II. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Dec 13
2002;77(50):425-430.
WHO. The current global situation of the
HIV/AIDS pandemic. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Jul 4
1997;72(27):199-200.
WHO. Global AIDS surveillance. Part II. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Dec 5 1997;72(49):365-368.
WHO.
Leishmania/HIV
co-infection.
Epidemiological analysis of 692 retrospective
cases.
Wkly
Epidemiol
Rec.
Feb
21
1997;72(8):49-54.
WHO. Joint United Nations Programme on
HIV/AIDS
(UNAIDS)-WHO.
Revised
recommendations for the selection and use of
HIV antibody tests. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Mar 21
1997;72(12):81-87.
WHO. Global AIDS surveillance. Wkly Epidemiol
Rec. Jun 26 1998;73(26):193-197.
WHO. Global AIDS surveillance--Part I. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Nov 27 1998;73(48):373-376.
WHO. Global AIDS surveillance. Part II. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Dec 4 1998;73(49):381-384.
WHO. The importance of simple/rapid assays in
HIV testing. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Oct 16
1998;73(42):321-326.
WHO. The HIV/AIDS situation, June 1998. Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. June 26 1998;73(26):195-197.
WHO. Global situation of the HIV/AIDS
pandemic, end 2003. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Dec 5
2003;78(49):417-423.
WHO. Global situation of the HIV/AIDS
pandemic, end 2003. Part II: Estimating ARV
global treatment needs (2003-2005). Wkly
Epidemiol Rec. Dec 12 2003;78(50):426-430.
WHO. HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Surveillance
Update for the WHO African Region 2002.
Harare, Zimbabwe: World Health Organization,
Regional Office for Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe;
September 2003. ISBN 92 9023 100 9.
WHO. Global situation of the HIV/ AIDS
epidemic, end 2004. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Dec 10
2004;79(50):441-449.
WHO. Regional workshop on HIV testing
strategies. Amman, Jordan: World Health
Organization Regional Office for the Eastern
Mediterranean; June 26, 2006 2006.
WHO. UNAIDS Reference Group on estimates,
modelling and projections--statement on the use
of the BED assay for the estimation of HIV-1
incidence
for
surveillance
or
epidemic
monitoring. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Jan 27
2006;81(4):40.
WHO. Revision of HIV testing strategies for
surveillance. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. Dec 1
2006;81(48):461-464.
Page 103 of 109
Bibliography
WHO. HIV/AIDS Programme:
WHO case
definitions of HIV for surveillance and revised
clinical staging and immunological classification
of HIV-related disease in adults and children.
Geneva, Switzerland 2006.
WHO. The Global Burden of Disease: 2004
Update. Paperback; 2008-12 ed. Geneva,
Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2008.
Whyte B. UNAIDS estimates that half the
teenagers in some African countries will die of
AIDS. Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78(7):946.
Widy-Wirski R, Berkley S, Downing R, et al.
Evaluation of the WHO clinical case definition for
AIDS
in
Uganda.
JAMA.
Dec
9
1988;260(22):3286-3289.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Wilson B. India Lowers HIV Estimate; Part of
Wider Trend. Morning Edition. Washington DC:
National Public Radio; July 6, 2007.
Wilson BJ, Shiigi SM, Zeigler JL, Olson LC, Malley
A, Howard CF, Jr. Transmission of simian
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with a
type D retrovirus: immunological aspects. Clin
Immunol Immunopathol. Dec 1986;41(3):453460.
Winkelstein W, Jr., Lyman DM, Padian N, et al.
Sexual practices and risk of infection by the
human immunodeficiency virus. The San
Francisco Men's Health Study. JAMA. Jan 16
1987;257(3):321-325.
Wiktor SZ, Alexander SS, Shaw GM, et al.
Distinguishing between HTLV-I and HTLV-II by
western
blot.
Lancet.
Jun
23
1990;335(8704):1533.
Winkler CA, An P, Johnson R, Nelson GW, Kirk
G. Expression of Duffy antigen receptor for
chemokines (DARC) has no effect on HIV-1
acquisition or progression to AIDS in African
Americans.
Cell
Host
Microbe.
May
8
2009;5(5):411-413; author reply 418-419.
Wiktor SZ, Piot P, Mann JM, et al. Human T cell
lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) among
female prostitutes in Kinshasa, Zaire. J Infect
Dis. Jun 1990;161(6):1073-1077.
Winston DJ, Gale RP, Meyer DV, Young LS.
Infectious complications of human bone marrow
transplantation.
Medicine
(Baltimore).
Jan
1979;58(1):1-31.
Wilbur WJ, Lipman DJ. Rapid similarity searches
of nucleic acid and protein data banks. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A. Feb 1983;80(3):726-730.
Winterton SJ, Warren JB, Barnes PJ. UK case of
AIDS in an intravenous drug abuser. Lancet.
May 25 1985;1(8439):1223.
Wilkins A, Ricard D, Todd J, Whittle H, Dias F,
Paulo Da Silva A. The epidemiology of HIV
infection in a rural area of Guinea-Bissau. AIDS.
Aug 1993;7(8):1119-1122.
Witte MH, Witte CL, Minnich LL, Finley PR, Drake
WL, Jr. AIDS in 1968. JAMA. May 25
1984;251(20):2657.
Wilkinson D, Gilks CF. Increasing frequency of
tuberculosis among staff in a South African
district hospital: impact of the HIV epidemic on
the supply side of health care. Trans R Soc Trop
Med Hyg. Sep-Oct 1998;92(5):500-502.
Williams B, Campbell C. Mines, migrancy and
HIV in South Africa--managing the epidemic. S
Afr Med J. Oct 1996;86(10):1249-1251.
Williams BG, Gouws E. The epidemiology of
human immunodeficiency virus in South Africa.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Jul 29
2001;356(1411):1077-1086.
Williams CK. AIDS and cancer in Nigerians.
Lancet. Jan 4 1986;1(8471):36-37.
Williams
G,
Stretton
TB,
Leonard
JC.
Cytomegalic inclusion disease and Pneumocystis
carinii infection in an adult. Lancet. Oct 29
1960;2(7157):951-955.
Williams G, Stretton TB, Leonard JC. AIDS in
1959? Lancet. Nov 12 1983;2(8359):1136.
Williamson WA, Greenwood BM. Impairment of
the immune response to vaccination after acute
malaria. Lancet. Jun 24 1978;1(8078):13281329.
Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, Van Laethem K,
Desmyter J, De Clercq E, Vandamme AM.
Activity of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitors against HIV-2 and SIV. AIDS. Aug 20
1999;13(12):1477-1483.
Wolfe ND. Bushmeat Hunting, Deforestation,
and Prediction of Zoonotic Disease Emergence.
Emerg Infect Dis. Dec 2005;11(12):1822-1827.
Wolfe ND, Switzer WM, Carr JK, et al. Naturally
acquired simian retrovirus infections in central
African
hunters.
Lancet.
Mar
20
2004;363(9413):932-937.
Wolfe WH, Miner JC, Armstrong EP, Mathis RE.
More on HTLV-III antibodies in immune globulin.
JAMA. Oct 24-31 1986;256(16):2200.
Wolffers I, Fernandez I. Migration and AIDS.
Lancet. Nov 11 1995;346(8985):1303.
Wollschlager CM, Khan FA, Chitkara RK,
Shivaram U. Pulmonary manifestations of the
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Chest. Feb 1984;85(2):197-202.
Wong E, Louie B, Klausner JD, et al. Assessment
of rapid tests for detection of human
immunodeficiency virus-specific antibodies in
Page 104 of 109
Bibliography
recently infected individuals. J Clin Microbiol. Apr
2008;46(4):1494-1497.
Wong JG. To screen or not to screen for HIV in
pregnant women. Pros and cons of routine
screening and use of home test kits. Postgrad
Med. Jul 1997;102(1):77-78, 83-76, 89-90.
Wong PK, Yuen PH, Kaufman SJ. Induction of
syncytia by Moloney murine leukemia virus in
myoblasts defective in differentiation. J Virol.
Jan 1977;21(1):319-327.
Wong VC, Ip HM, Reesink HW, et al. Prevention
of the HBsAg carrier state in newborn infants of
mothers who are chronic carriers of HBsAg and
HBeAg by administration of hepatitis-B vaccine
and hepatitis-B immunoglobulin. Double-blind
randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet.
Apr 28 1984;1(8383):921-926.
Wong-Staal F, Chanda PK, Ghrayeb J. Human
immunodeficiency virus: the eighth gene. AIDS
Res Hum Retroviruses. Spring 1987;3(1):33-39.
Wong-Staal F, Gallo RC. Human T-lymphotropic
retroviruses.
Nature.
Oct
3-9
1985;317(6036):395-403.
Wong-Staal F, Goudsmit J. Virology. AIDS.
1991;5(Suppl 2):S1-S2.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Worobey M, Telfer P, Souquiere S, et al. Island
Biogeography Reveals the Deep History of SIV.
Science. Sep 17 2010;329(5998):1487.
Wyatt R, Kwong P, Hendrickson W, Sodroski J.
Structure of the Core of the HIV-1 gp120
Exterior Envelope Glycoprotein: Los Alamos
National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico;
1998.
Yale SH, de Groen PC, Tooson JD, Kurtin PJ.
Unusual aspects of acute Q fever-associated
hepatitis. Mayo Clin Proc. Aug 1994;69(8):769773.
Yamaguchi J, Devare SG, Brennan CA.
Identification of a new HIV-2 subtype based on
phylogenetic analysis of full-length genomic
sequence. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Jun 10
2000;16(9):925-930.
Yamamoto JK, Sanou MP, Abbott JR, Coleman
JK. Feline immunodeficiency virus model for
designing HIV/AIDS vaccines. Curr HIV Res. Jan
2010;8(1):14-25.
Yamamoto Y, Saito Y, Iida S, Asano J, Sone S,
Adachi A. Functional analysis of vif genes
derived from various primate immunodeficiency
viruses. Virus Genes. 1997;14(3):195-200.
Wong-Staal F, Hahn BH, Shaw GM, et al.
Molecular
characterization
of
human
Tlymphotropic leukemia virus type III associated
with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Princess Takamatsu Symp. 1984;15:291-300.
Yang C, Dash BC, Simon F, et al. Detection of
diverse variants of human immunodeficiency
virus-1 groups M, N, and O and simian
immunodeficiency viruses from chimpanzees by
using generic pol and env primer pairs. J Infect
Dis. May 2000;181(5):1791-1795.
Wood CC, Williams AE, McNamara JG,
Annunziata JA, Feorino PM, Conway CO.
Antibody against the human immunodeficiency
virus in commercial intravenous gammaglobulin
preparations.
Ann
Intern
Med.
Oct
1986;105(4):536-538.
Yang C, Pieniazek D, Owen SM, et al. Detection
of
phylogenetically
diverse
human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 groups M and O
from plasma by using highly sensitive and
specific generic primers. J Clin Microbiol. Aug
1999;37(8):2581-2586.
Wood R, Lawn SD, Johnstone-Robertson S,
Bekker LG. Tuberculosis control has failed in
South Africa--time to reappraise strategy. S Afr
Med J. Feb 2010;101(2):111-114.
Yeboah-afari A. Helping prostitutes in Accra.
AIDS Watch. 1988(4):4-5.
Woolley P. We cannot afford an AIDS epidemic.
BMJ. Apr 20 1991;302(6782):962.
Yirrell DL, Pickering H, Palmarini G, et al.
Molecular epidemiological analysis of HIV in
sexual networks in Uganda. AIDS. Feb 12
1998;12(3):285-290.
Worobey M, Gemmel M, Teuwen DE, et al. Direct
evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in
Kinshasa
by
1960.
Nature.
Oct
2
2008;455(7213):661-664.
Yoshida T, Matsui T, Kobayashi S, Yamamoto N.
Evaluation of passive particle agglutination test
for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus. J
Clin Microbiol. Aug 1987;25(8):1433-1437.
Worobey M, Pitchenik AE, Gilbert MT, Wlasiuk G,
Rambaut A. Reply to Pape et al.: the
phylogeography of HIV-1 group M subtype B.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Mar 25
2008;105(12):E16.
Yu SK, Fong CK, Landry ML, Hsiung GD,
Solomon LR. A false positive HIV antibody
reaction due to transfusion-induced HLA-DR4
sensitization.
N
Engl
J
Med.
Jun
1
1989;320(22):1495-1496.
Worobey M, Santiago ML, Keele BF, et al. Origin
of AIDS: contaminated polio vaccine theory
refuted. Nature. Apr 22 2004;428(6985):820.
Yu XF, Ito S, Essex M, Lee TH. A naturally
immunogenic virion-associated protein specific
for
HIV-2
and
SIV.
Nature.
Sep
15
1988;335(6187):262-265.
Page 105 of 109
Bibliography
Yusim K, Peeters M, Pybus OG, et al. Using
human
immunodeficiency
virus
type
1
sequences to infer historical features of the
acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic
and human immunodeficiency virus evolution.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Jun 29
2001;356(1410):855-866.
Zacharias
NM,
Athanassaki
ID,
SangiHaghpeykar H, Gardner MO. High false-positive
rate of human immunodeficiency virus rapid
serum screening in a predominantly hispanic
prenatal
population.
J
Perinatol.
Dec
2004;24(12):743-747.
Zachoval R, Deinhardt F. [Hepatitis vaccination].
Z Gastroenterol Verh. Apr 1982;17:110-116.
Zachoval R, Frosner G, Deinhardt F. [Hepatitis B
vaccine
trial
in
healthy
adults
an
immunogenicity study (author's transl)]. MMW
Munch
Med
Wochenschr.
Oct
2
1981;123(40):1506-1508.
Zachoval R, Frosner G, Deinhardt F, Hoss D.
Persistence of hepatitis B virus antigens in dried
blood. Lancet. Apr 4 1981;1(8223):778.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
uninfected CD4+ cells. J Immunol. Apr 15
1990;144(8):2992-2998.
Zarling JM, Morton W, Moran PA, McClure J,
Kosowski SG, Hu SL. T-cell responses to human
AIDS virus in macaques immunized with
recombinant vaccinia viruses. Nature. Sep 25Oct 1 1986;323(6086):344-346.
Zekeng L. Update on HIV/SIV infections in
Cameroon. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.
Jun 29 2001;356(1410):799.
Zekeng L, Yanga D, Trebucq A, Sokal D, Salla R,
Kaptue L. HIV prevalence in patients with
sexually transmitted diseases in Yaounde,
(Cameroon) in 1989 and 1990: necessity of an
STD control programme. Genitourin Med. Apr
1992;68(2):117-119.
Zetola
NM,
Pilcher
CD.
Diagnosis
and
Management of Acute HIV Infection. Infect Dis
Clin North Am. Mar 2007;21(1):19-48.
Zhu T, Ho DD. Was HIV present in 1959?
Nature. Apr 6 1995;374(6522):503-504.
Zachoval R, Jilg W, Lorbeer B, Schmidt M,
Deinhardt
F.
Passive/active
immunization
against
hepatitis
B.
J
Infect
Dis.
Jul
1984;150(1):112-117.
Zhu T, Korber BT, Nahmias AJ, Hooper E, Sharp
PM, Ho DD. An African HIV-1 sequence from
1959 and implications for the origin of the
epidemic. Nature. Feb 5 1998;391(6667):594597.
Zagury D, Bernard J, Leibowitch J, et al. HTLVIII in cells cultured from semen of two patients
with
AIDS.
Science.
Oct
26
1984;226(4673):449-451.
Zhu T, Mo H, Wang N, et al. Genotypic and
phenotypic characterization of HIV-1 patients
with primary infection. Science. Aug 27
1993;261(5125):1179-1181.
Zagury JF, Franchini G, Reitz M, et al. Genetic
variability
between
isolates
of
human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2 is
comparable to the variability among HIV type 1.
Proc
Natl
Acad
Sci
U
S
A.
Aug
1988;85(16):5941-5945.
Zierler S. Women, sex, and HIV. Epidemiology.
Nov 1994;5(6):565-567.
Zaidi AA, Aral SO, Reynolds GH, Blount JH,
Jones OG, Fichtner RR. Gonorrhea in the United
States: 1967-1979. Sex Transm Dis. Apr-Jun
1983;10(2):72-76.
Zanchetta N, Vigano P, Priuli GB, Ferrario MP,
Zago M, Pagano A. HIV 1 and HIV 2 prevalence
of seropositivity in a population of West Africa.
Eur J Epidemiol. Mar 1990;6(1):71-75.
Zar HJ, Hanslo D, Tannenbaum E, et al.
Aetiology and outcome of pneumonia in human
immunodeficiency
virus-infected
children
hospitalized in South Africa. Acta Paediatr. Feb
2001;90(2):119-125.
Zarling JM. Primate models for evaluation of
AIDS vaccines. AIDS. 1988;2 Suppl 1:S113-117.
Zarling JM, Ledbetter JA, Sias J, et al. HIVinfected humans, but not chimpanzees, have
circulating cytotoxic T lymphocytes that lyse
Zoulek
G,
Jilg
W,
Deinhardt
F.
[Immunoprophylaxis of hepatitis B. 2. Active
immunization: vaccine production, vaccine
safety, side effects]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr.
Aug 5 1983;108(31-32):1175-1177.
Zoulek
G,
Jilg
W,
Deinhardt
F.
[Immunoprophylaxis of hepatitis B. 3. Results of
clinical studies with hepatitis B vaccines]. Dtsch
Med Wochenschr. Aug 19 1983;108(33):12231229.
Zoulek
G,
Jilg
W,
Deinhardt
F.
[Immunoprophylaxis
of
hepatitis
B.
4.
Identification of risk groups, recommendations
for inoculation, new developments]. Dtsch Med
Wochenschr. Aug 26 1983;108(34):1263-1268.
Zoulek
G,
Jilg
W,
DeinhardtE.
[Immunoprophylaxis in hepatitis B. 1. Passive
immunization]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. Jul 29
1983;108(30):1135-1136.
Zoulek G, Lorbeer B, Jilg W, Deinhardt F.
Persistence of anti-HBs after intradermal
inoculation of reduced doses of hepatitis B
vaccine. Lancet. Oct 27 1984;2(8409):983-984.
Page 106 of 109
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Bibliography
Zoulek G, Lorbeer B, Jilg W, Deinhardt F.
Antibody responses and skin reactivity after
intradermal hepatitis B virus vaccine. Lancet.
Mar 10 1984;1(8376):568.
Zoulek G, Lorbeer B, Jilg W, Deinhardt F.
Evaluation of a reduced dose of hepatitis B
vaccine administered intradermally. J Med Virol.
1984;14(1):27-32.
Zoumbos N, Konstantopoulos K, Tassiopoulos T,
Hadjinikolaou P, Fessas P. An AIDS-like case in
Greece in 1977 (short communication). Ups J
Med Sci. 1999;104(2):177-178.
Zuckerman AJ. Hepatitis vaccine: a note of
caution. Nature. May 8 1975;255:104-105.
Zuckerman AJ. Safety of hepatitis-B vaccines
containing intact 20 nm particles. Lancet. Mar 10
1979;1(8115):547-548.
Zuckerman AJ. Hepatitis B: its prevention by
vaccine. J Infect Dis. Feb 1981;143(2):301-304.
Zulaica D, Perez-Trallero E, Arrizabalaga J,
Iribarren JA, Zapirain E. Is HIV heterosexual
transmission less efficient than hepatitis B virus
transmission? Aids. May 1987;1(1):64-65.
CIA
Factbook
Haiti.
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/theworld-factbook/geos/ha.html.
Accessed
November 7, 2010.
CIA Factbook - Zaire (Democratic Republic of
the
Congo).
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/theworld-factbook/geos/cg.html.
Accessed
November 7, 2010.
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis. Lancet. May
13, 1978 1978;311(8072):1026-1027.
Hepatitis
B
vaccine.
1980;2(8206):1229-1230.
Lancet.
Dec
6
Immunocompromised homosexuals. Lancet. Dec
12 1981;2(8259):1325-1326.
Opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma in
homosexual men. N Engl J Med. Apr 15
1982;306(15):932-935.
HTLV
and
AIDS.
1983;1(8335):1200.
Lancet.
May
28
Q fever: antigens and vaccines. The Lancet. Dec
22 1984;2(8417-8418):1435-1436.
The
cause
of
AIDS?
1984;1(8385):1053-1054.
Lancet.
May
12
Pentamidine methanesulfonate to be distributed
by CDC. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. May 4
1984;33(17):225-226.
Immunologic
and
virologic
status
of
multitransfused patients: role of type and origin
of blood products. By the AIDS-Hemophilia
French
Study
Group.
Blood.
Oct
1985;66(4):896-901.
AIDS and Africa. Lancet. December 6, 1986
1986;328(8519):1348.
United States AIDS activity. Acquir Immunodefic
Syndr (AIDS) Wkly Surveill Rep. May 26
1986:1-3.
Hepatitis
B
virus
transmission
between
heterosexuals. JAMA. Jan 16 1987;257(3):314315.
Transmission of HIV by human bite. Lancet. Aug
29 1987;2(8557):522.
Group-specific component and HIV infection.
Lancet. Jul 4 1987;2(8549):39-40.
Group-specific component and HIV infection.
Lancet. Aug 1 1987;2(8553):282-283.
Genetic susceptibility to AIDS: absence of an
association with group-specific component (Gc).
N Engl J Med. Sep 3 1987;317(10):630-632.
Zidovudine approved by FDA for treatment of
AIDS. Clin Pharm. Jun 1987;6(6):431,435.
Hepatitis B vaccine. N Engl J Med. Jan 1
1987;316(1):47-49.
HIV Origin: 'A Continuing Mystery:' Green
Monkey Theory Disputed. Skin & Allergy News.
Vol 19. Bethesda, MD, USA: Charles J. Siegel;
1988:28-29.
Immunodeficiency disorders and retroviruses.
Adv Vet Sci Comp Med. 1988;32:1-262.
Nationwide community-based serological survey
of HIV-1 and other human retrovirus infections
in a central African country. Rwandan HIV
Seroprevalence Study Group. Lancet. Apr 29
1989;1(8644):941-943.
Screening for human immunodeficiency virus
infections.
N
Engl
J
Med.
Feb
16
1989;320(7):461-463.
Guidelines for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis
carinii pneumonia for persons infected with
human immunodeficiency virus. MMWR Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep. Jun 16 1989;38 Suppl 5:1-9.
Blood transfusion, haemophilia, and AIDS.
Lancet. Dec 22 1984;2(8417-8418):1433-1435.
Viral etiology of AIDS and the Gallo probe.
Science. Aug 3 1990;249(4968):465-466.
Experimental infection of chimpanzees with
lymphadenopathy-associated virus. MMWR Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep. Aug 3 1984;33(30):442-443.
Comparison of female to male and male to
female transmission of HIV in 563 stable
couples. European Study Group on Heterosexual
Page 107 of 109
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
Bibliography
Transmission
of
HIV.
1992;304(6830):809-813.
BMJ.
AIDS: the third wave.
1994;343(8891):186-188.
Lancet.
Mar
Jan
28
22
Doubts cast on 1959 AIDS claim. Science. Apr 7
1995;268(5207):35.
Apocalypse now -- or never? AIDS Anal Afr. Dec
1995;5(6):6.
HIV/AIDS in Africa. In: Health Studies Branch
IPC, Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the
Census, ed. Washington, D.C.; 1995.
AIDS -- how false positives affect Africa. New
Afr. Sep 1996(344):14-15.
Durex Global Sex Survey. London, England:
London International Group; 1997.
Recent HIV Seroprevalence Levels by Country:
February 1999. In: Health Studies Branch IPC,
Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census,
ed. Washington, D.C.; 1999.
Efficacy of voluntary HIV-1 counselling and
testing in individuals and couples in Kenya,
Tanzania, and Trinidad: a randomised trial. The
Voluntary HIV-1 Counseling and Testing Efficacy
Study
Group.
Lancet.
Jul
8
2000;356(9224):103-112.
National HIV and Syphilis Sero-Prevalence
Survey of women attending Public Antenatal
Clinics in South Africa 2000. Pretoria, South
Africa: Department of Health, South Africa;
2000.
Time from HIV-1 seroconversion to AIDS and
death before widespread use of highly-active
antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative reanalysis.
Collaborative
Group
on
AIDS
Incubation and HIV Survival including the
CASCADE EU Concerted Action. Concerted Action
on SeroConversion to AIDS and Death in
Europe. Lancet. Apr 1 2000;355(9210):11311137.
Code of Federal Regulations: Title 21 -- Food
and Drugs. In: Services DoHaH, ed. Vol 7.
Revised as of April 1, 2001 ed: US Government
Printing Office; 2001:5-19.
Table 3b. Population in Metropolitan and
Micropolitan Statistical Areas Ranked Separately
by 2000 Population for the United States and
Puerto Rico: 1990 and 2000: Health Studies
Branch,
International
Programs
Center,
Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census;
December 30, 2003.
National HIV and Syphilis Antenatal SeroPrevalence Survey in South Africa 2002. In:
Department of Health SA, ed. Pretoria, South
Africa; 2003.
Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and
comparison with the human genome. Nature.
Sep 1 2005;437(7055):69-87.
Mortality and causes of death in South Africa,
1997-2003: Findings from death notifications.
In: Africa SS, ed. Pretoria, South Africa:
Statistics South Africa; 2005.
National HIV and Syphilis Antenatal SeroPrevalence Survey in South Africa 2004. In:
Department of Health SA, ed. Pretoria, South
Africa; 2005.
National HIV and Syphilis Antenatal SeroPrevalence Survey in South Africa 2005. In:
Department of Health SA, ed. Pretoria, South
Africa; 2006.
National HIV and Syphilis Prevalence Survey
South Africa 2006. In: Department of Health SA,
ed. Pretoria, South Africa; 2006.
Mortality and causes of death in South Africa,
2003 and 2004 Findings from death notification.
In: Africa SS, ed. Pretoria, South Africa:
Statistics South Africa; 2006.
Male circumcision for HIV prevention: the
research evidence and some critical responses.
Reprod Health Matters. May 2007;15(29):9-10.
Male circumcision for HIV prevention: research
implications for policy and programming.
WHO/UNAIDS technical consultation, 6-8 March
2007.
Conclusions
and
recommendations
(excerpts).
Reprod
Health
Matters.
May
2007;15(29):11-14.
The fight for children's health in the USA.
Lancet. Oct 20 2007;370(9596):1394.
Origins of HIV and the AIDS epidemic. Papers of
a discussion meeting. 11-12 September 2000.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Jun 29
2001;356(1410):781-977.
Mortality and causes of death in South Africa,
2005: Findings from death notification. In:
Africa SS, ed. Pretoria, South Africa: Statistics
South Africa, Pretoria; 2007.
National HIV and Syphilis Sero-Prevalence
Survey In South Africa 2001. Pretoria, South
Africa: Department of Health, South Africa;
2001.
Equine Infectious Anemia:
Transmission and
Pathogenesis. The Merck Veterinary Manual
[http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.j
sp?cfile=htm/bc/52800.htm. Accessed October
22, 2010.
Causes of death in South Africa 1997-2001:
Advance release of recorded causes of death.
In: Africa SS, ed. Pretoria, South Africa; 2002.
HIV/AIDS Profile - South Africa. In: Bureau USC,
ed. Washington, D.C.; 2008.
Page 108 of 109
Bibliography
The National HIV and Syphilis Prevalence Survey
South Africa 2007. In: Department of Health SA,
ed. Pretoria, South Africa; 2008.
Health Alert Communications
www.healthalert.net
+ 1.617.497.4190
African Meeting Addresses Problems of AIDS
New York Times. November 8, 1985, November
8, 1985;World - News.
Mortality and causes of death in South Africa,
2006: Findings from death notification. In:
Africa SS, ed. Pretoria, South Africa: Statistics
South Africa, Pretoria 2008.
Metropolitan
Statistical
Area
MSA
Designations: U.S. Bureau of the Census; 2009.
2008 National Antenatal Sentinel HIV & Syphilis
Prevalence Survey: South Africa Report. In:
Department of Health SA, ed. Pretoria, South
Africa; 2009.
Mortality and causes of death in South Africa,
2007: Findings from death notification. In:
Africa SS, ed. Pretoria, South Africa: Statistics
South Africa, Pretoria 2009.
Online Merck Manual:
Exfoliative Dermatitis
(Erythroderma).
http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec10/ch114/ch1
14d.html.
Online Merck Manual:
Tuberculosis (TB).
http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec14/ch179/ch1
79b.html#sec14-ch179-ch179b-1418. Accessed
October 16, 2010.
Mortality and causes of death in South Africa,
2008: Findings from death notification. In:
Africa SS, ed. Pretoria, South Africa: Statistics
South Africa, Pretoria; 2010.
Lack of treatment of South Africa's infants with
HIV. Lancet. Nov 13 2010;376(9753):1618.
Mid-year population estimates 2010. In: Africa
SS, ed. Pretoria, South Africa; 2010.
National Antenatal Sentinel HIV and Syphilis
Prevalence Survey in South Africa, 2009. In:
Department of Health SA, ed. Pretoria, South
Africa; 2010.
The end of AIDS? The Economist; 2010.
Thirty years of a disease: The end of AIDS? The
Economist; 2011.
Disease
Notification
System.
http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/dns-f.html.
Accessed July 29, 2011.
A strategic revolution in HIV and global health.
Lancet. Jun 18 2011;377(9783):2055.
Medicine: Opportunistic Diseases. Time. New
York, NY; December 21, 1981.
Monkeys with AIDS also have a new virus. New
York Times. February 3, 1984, February 3,
1984.
Cutting Out Monkey Business. Time. New York,
NY; February 6, 1978.
Page 109 of 109