Acid/BaseNotes
ArrheniusAcid:produceshydrogenions(H+)orhydrodiumions(H3O+)inwater
ArrheniusBase:produceshydroxideions(OH-)inwater
Bronsted-LowryAcid:proton(hydrogenion)donor
Bronsted-LowryBase:proton(hydrogenion)acceptor
ConjugateAcid:formedbyacceptingahydrogenion
ConjugateBase:whatisleftaftertheaciddonatedaproton
Exampleofconjugateacidandbase:
(basically,theconjugateacidhasanextrahydrogenoryoucouldsaythebasehasoneless
hydrogen)
pHisameasureofthehydrogenionconcentration.YoucanusethepHscaletodeterminehow
acidicorbasicasubstanceis.
SubstanceswithapHcloseat1arestrongacids.Greaterthan1areweakacids.
SubstanceswithapHof14arestrongbases.Lessthan14areweakbases.
IfthepHisat7thesubstanceisneutral.
pH(potentialofhydrogen)canbecalculatedusingthehydrogenorhydroniumion
concentration.
Acid/BaseNotes
pOHisameasureofthehydroxideionconcentration.ThescaleforpOHistheoppositeofthe
scaleforpH(soastrongacidwouldhaveapOHof14andastrongbasewouldhaveapOHof1)
Equations:
pH=-log[H+]←thebrackets[]meanconcentrationso[H+]isthehydrogenionconcentration.
Youalsomightseeitas[H3O+]whichisthehydroniumionconcentration.
Tosolveforhydrogenionconcentrationyouwouldtakeeverythingtothe10thpower(logis
log10)so…
[H+]=10-pH
pOH=-log[OH-]←thebrackets[]meanconcentrationso[OH-]isthehydroxideion
concentration.
Tosolveforhydroxideionconcentrationyouwouldtakeeverythingtothe10thpower(logis
log10)so…
[OH-]=10-pOH
TogetbackandforthbetweenpHandpOH:
pOH+pH=14
Togetbackandforthbetweenhydrogenionconcentrationandhydroxideionconcentration:
[OH-][H+]=1x10-14