Advanced Placement/Dual Credit US History – Mrs. Mayhall and Mrs. Jordan
Period 3: 1754-1800
America: The Essential Learning Edition Reading and Study Guide CHAPTER 4 – From Colonies to States, 1607-1776
Learning Outcomes/Objectives:
Condensed AP Key Concepts:
1.
Analyze the factors leading to
the American Revolution.
Key Concept 3.1: British attempts to assert tighter control over its North American
colonies and the colonial resolve to pursue self-gov’t led to a colonial independence
movement and the Revolutionary War.
Essential Questions:
1.
I.
Competition among the British, French, and Amer. Indians for economic
& political advantage in North America culminated in the 7 years’ War
(the French and Indian War), →Britain defeated France & allied Amer.
Indians.
A) Colonial rivalry ↗ between Britain & France in the mid-18th cent., as
the growing pop. of British colonies →into the interior of North America,
threatening French–Indian trade networks & Amer. Indian autonomy.
B) Britain achieved a major expansion of its territorial holdings by
defeating the French, but at tremendous expense, setting the stage for
imperial efforts to ↗ revenue & consolidate control over the colonies.
C) After the British victory, imperial officials’ attempts to prevent
colonists from moving westward generated colonial opposition, while
native groups sought to both continue trading with Europeans and resist
the encroachments of colonists on tribal lands.
II.
The desire of many colonists to assert ideals of self-gov’t in the face of
renewed British imperial efforts → colonial independence movement &
war with Britain.
A) The imperial struggles of the mid-18th cent.& new British efforts to
collect taxes w/out direct colonial representation or consent & to assert
imperial authority in the colonies, began to unite the colonists against
perceived & real constraints on their economic activities & political
rights.
B) Colonial leaders based their calls for resistance to Britain on
arguments about the rights of British subjects, the rights of the
individual, local traditions of self-rule, & the ideas of the Enlightenment.
C) The effort for Amer independence was energized by colonial leaders
such as Benjamin Franklin, as well as by popular movements that
included the political activism of laborers, artisans, and women.
D) In the face of economic shortages & the British military occupation of
some regions, men and women mobilized in large numbers to provide
financial and material support to the Patriot movement.
E) Despite considerable loyalist opposition, as well as Great Britain’s
apparently overwhelming military & financial advantages, the Patriot
cause succeeded because of the actions of colonial militias and the
Continental Army, George Washington’s military leadership, the
colonists’ ideological commitment and resilience, and assistance sent by
European allies.
What were factors leading to the
American Revolution?
Key Concept 3.2: The American Revolution’s democratic and republican ideals
inspired new experiments with different forms of government.
I.
The ideals that inspired the revolutionary cause reflected new beliefs
about politics, religion, & society that had been developing over the
course of the 18th cent.
A) Enlightenment ideas & philosophy inspired many American political
thinkers to emphasize individual talent over hereditary privilege, while
religion strengthened Americans’ view of themselves as a people
blessed with liberty.
B) The colonists’ belief in the superiority of republican forms of
government based on the natural rights of the people found expression
in Thomas Paine’s Common Sense & the Declaration of Independence.
The ideas in these documents resonated throughout American history,
shaping Americans’ understanding of the ideals on which the nation was
based.
C) During & after the American Revolution, an increased awareness of
inequalities in society motivated some individuals and groups to call for
the abolition of slavery and greater political democracy in the new state
and national governments.
D) In response to women’s participation in the American Revolution,
Enlightenment ideas, & women’s appeals for expanded roles, an ideal of
“republican motherhood” gained popularity. It called on women to
teach republican values within the family and granted women a new
importance in American political culture.
E) The American Revolution & the ideals set forth in the Declaration of
Independence reverberated in France, Haiti, & Latin America, inspiring
future independence movements.
→ = caused, affected, led to ↗ = promoted, increased ↘ = opposed, decreased
Be sure to analyze visual components.
Use MAP/SPARK for primary sources
where appropriate.
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Boston Tea Party p.106
The French in North America
p.109
Jesuits in New France p.110
Major Campaigns of the French
and Indian Wars p.115
The first American political
cartoon p.116
From La Roque’s Encyclopedie
Des Voyages p.117
North America, 1713 p.118
North America, 1763 p.119
Opposition to the Stamp Act
p.127
Samuel Adams p.129
The Bloody Massacre p.130
Patrick Henry of Virginia p. 133
Lexington and Concord, April
19,1775 p.134
The Battle of Lexington (1775)
p.135
The coming revolution p.137
Declaration of Independence
p.138
Phillis Wheatley p.139
Shi Core Objective Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Compare how the British and French empires administered their colonies before
1763.
Analyze the effects of the French and Indian War and how the war changed
relations among the European powers in North America.
Describe how, after the French and Indian War in the 1760s, the British tried to
strengthen their control over the colonies and then summarize the colonial
responses.
Explain the underlying factors amid the events in the 1770s that led the colonies
to declare their independence from Britain.
Key Terms (Be sure to understand the
meaning of each and its historical
significance):
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salutary neglect p.111
mercantilism p.112
Navigation Acts (1650-1775)
p.112
Glorious Revolution (1688) p.113
natural rights p.114
Albany Plan of Union (1754)
p.116
French and Indian War (Seven
Years’ War) (1756-1763) p.117
Treaty of Paris (1763) p.119
Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763) p.120
Royal Proclamation of 1763
p.120
Stamp Act (1765) p.125
virtual representation p.126
Sons of Liberty p.126
Daughters of Liberty p.127
Townshend Acts (1767) P.128
Loyalists p.129
Patriots p.129
Boston Massacre (1770) p.129
Committee of Correspondence
p.130
Boston Tea Party (1773) p.131
Coercive Acts (1774) p.131
Common Sense (17760 p.136
Declaration of Independence
(1776) p.138
Big Picture Questions: