AP Government
Civil Liberties
Name ______________________________________
Date:
______________________
I. What is the difference?
A. Civil Liberties –
B. Civil Rights –
II. Where do they come from?
A. Body of the Constitution
1. Habeas Corpus –
2. Ex post Facto laws
3. bills of attainder
B. Bill of Rights
C. Fourteenth Amendment –
1. TWO PARTS:
a. Due Process clause –
b. Equal Protection clause -
2. SELECTIVE INCORPORATION OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS
a. Before the 14th Amendment (Barron v Baltimore-1833) b. INCORPORATION –
c. SELECTIVE 1) Background – Schenck v US (1919) –
2) Gitlow v NY (1925) –
3) Palko v Connecticut (1937)
4) Gideon v Wainwright (1963) –
d. What’s been incorporated to states:
1)
2)
3)
aa.
bb.
4)
aa.
bb.
5)
aa.
bb.
6)
D. Litigation & Court Decisions (Judicial Review)
1. Litigation –
2.
E. Laws passed by Congress –
III. BILL OF RIGHTS & CIVIL LIBERTIES
A. First Amendment
1. Freedom of Religion
(a) Establishment clause –
(1)
(2) Everson v Bd of Education (1947)
(3) Lemon v Kurtzman (1971) established a 3 point test for whether government can aid religious
schools:
aa.
bb.
cc.
(4) Agostini v Felton (1997)
(5) Engele v Vitale (1962)
(6) Wallace v Jaffree (1985)
(7) Westside School District v Mergens (1990)
(8) Santa Fe Independent School District v Doe (2000)
(b) Free Exercise clause –
(1)
(2) Reynolds v US (1879)
(3) Oregon v Smith (1990)
(4) West Virginia v Barnette (1943)
(5) Strict Scrutiny
2. Free Speech
a. Schenck v US (1919)
b. Brandenburg v Ohio (1969)
c. Chaplinsky v New Hampshire (1942)
d. Reno v ACLU (1997)
e. Restrictions on free speech:
(1) libel –
(2) obscenity – Miller v California (1973) uses community standards to determine obscenity; work is
obscene & can be regulation by the government if
(aa)
(bb)
(cc)
f. Symbolic speech
(1) Texas v Johnson (1989)
(2) Tinker v Des Moines (1969)
(3) Cohen v California (1971)
(4) Virginia v Black (1973)
(5) Buckley v Valeo (1976)
(6) Citizens United v (2011)
3. Freedom of the Press
a. Prior Restraint is unconstitutional:
(1) Near v Minnesota (1931)
(2) NY Times v US (1971)
b. No national shield laws –
c. Hazelwood v Kuhlmeier (1988)
4. Assembly & Petition
B. Due Process - Amendments # _____________
1. Procedural –
2. Substantive –
C. 4th Amendment – Search & Seizure – need __________________________________________
1. Wolf v Colorado (1949)
2. Mapp v Ohio (1961)
3. US v Leon (1984)
4. Student searches – only _______________________________________________ is needed
(a) New Jersey v TLO (1985)
(b) Vernonia v Acton (1995)
5. Other searches –
(a) California v Acevedo (1991)
(b) Illinois v Wardlow (2000)
D. 5th Amendment –
1. Miranda v Arizona (1966)
2. Benton v Maryland (1969) – overturns ____________________________ and
3. Kelo v New London, Ct (2005) –
E. 6th Amendment –
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. Gideon v Wainwright (1963)
6. Exceptions
F. 8th Amendment
1.
2. No cruel & unusual punishment
a. Furman v Georgia (1972)
b. Gregg v Georgia (1976)
c. other issues –
G. 9th Amendment –
1. Griswold v Ct. (1965)
2. Roe v Wade (1973)
3. Supreme Court HAS allowed states to LIMIT or RESTRICT abortion rights:
a. Webster v Reproductive Health Services (1989)
b. Planned Parenthood v Casey (1992)
c. Stenberg v Carhart (2000)
d. Gonzalez v Planned Parenthood (2007)
H. 2nd Amendment
1. Gun Control
2. Gun Advocates
3. Supreme Court cases:
(a) US v Lopez (1995)
(b) Printz v US (1997)
(c) District of Columbia v Heller (2008)
I. War on Terror & Due Process
1. Historical Precedents
(a) Lincoln – Ex Parte Milligan (1866)
(b) FDR – Korematsu v US (1944)
2. Patriot Act –
a. surveillance
b. searches
c. gag order
3. Detainees
a. Bush (and Attorney General Gonzales & Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld) policies
(1) trials
(2) detentions
b. Court Rulings
(1) Rasul v Bush (2004)
(2) Hamdi v Rumsfeld (2004)
(3) Hamdan v Rumsfeld (2006)
(4) Boumediene et al v Bush (2008)