SCVMJ, XIII (2) 2008
625
DERMATOPHYTES IN ANIMALS AND THEIR ZOONOTIC
IMPORTANCE IN SUEZ CANAL AREA
A. M. Abou-Eisha; M. A. Sobih; Hanaa, M. Fadel and Heba, S. ElMahallawy
Department of Hygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Ethology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
ABSTRACT
In a survey on dermatophytes among farm and pet animals in Suez Canal
Area. T. verrucosum was the main aetiological agent isolated from clinically
diagnosed cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and horses with ringworm lesions at
rates of 75%, 50%, 71.4%, 65% and 25%, respectively. While, M. canis was the
only dermatophyte species isolated from clinically affected dogs and cats at a
rate of 41.7% and 56.7%, respectively. Dermatophyte infections among the
examined animals reached its peak obviously during autumn and winter months
and the lowest rates were in summer and spring months. Young aged animals
are more susceptible for dermatophytic infection than older ones. On the other
hand, out of 142 apparently healthy animals examined, dermatophytes were
isolated from only 10 (7.04%) animals. The isolated dermatophytes of the apparently healthy animals were T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes that was isolated from cattle, sheep and goat (4% of each animal species), T. verrucosum
from cattle (8%) and M. gypseum (15%) and M. canis (10%) of the examined
cats. While, the apparently healthy buffaloes, horses, donkeys and dogs were
culturally negative for dermatophytes. These findings reassured that these
animals act as an important source and reservoir of human infections with dermatophytes and reflecting the danger of contact with these animals because these
agents are more inflammatory and causing sever disease than the anthropophilic
one.
INTRODUCTION
Distribution of dermatophytes
is an important target of many studies
in Egypt and different countries due to
their economic and public health importance. Dermatophytes are cited among the most frequent causes of dermatological problems in domestic animals
(Francisco, 2000). Economic importa-
nce of animal ringworm relies on its
contagiousness among animal communities, high cost of treatment, difficulty of control measures, and its public
health consequences because the majority of dermatophytes isolated from
animals are zoonotic (Chermette et al.,
2008). These zoophilic dermatophytes
626
produce clinical lesions in human that
are more inflammatory than those caused by the typical anthropophilic fungi
normally transmitted from person to
person (Radentz, 1991).
Nowadays animal dermatophytosis is an important issue not only for
veterinary doctors but also for dermatologists (Takahashi, 2003). On the other hand, many domestic animals could carry dermatophytes spores on their
coats without showing any signs of
disease (El-Bahay and Refai, 1973).
Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the occurrence of
dermatophytes among various animal
species either clinically showing ringworm lesions or the apparently healthy
ones with throwing the light on its zoonotic importance.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
1- Animals:
In the period from April, 2007
to March, 2008; a total of 317 animals
of different species; 175 animals clinically showing ringworm lesions (72
cattle, 2 buffaloes, 35 sheep, 20 goats, 4
horses, 12 dogs and 30 cats), and 142
apparently healthy animals (25 cattle, 25
buffaloes, 25 sheep, 25 goats, 5 horses, 2
donkeys, 15 dogs and 20 cats), were
selected from different farms and veterinary clinics in Suez Canal Area for
mycological examination.
2- Sampling:
2.1. Hair, wool, scales and skin scraping samples were collected from ani-
Abou – Eisha et al.,
mals clinically showing ringworm lesions. The affected skin areas of the
animal body were cleaned with 70%
alcohol and skin scraping were taken
from the edge of the lesion, using blunt scalpel blade until blood was just
drawn. The second most useful specimen was plucking of hairs or wool
that were pulled out using sterile epilator forceps from the lesion and any damaged-looking hairs were collected
(Quinn et al, 1994). On the other hand, hair, wool and scale specimens were
collected form apparently healthy animals using Mackenzie's hairbrush technique (Mackenzie, 1963).
The withdrawn scales and hairs or
wool were collected in clean labeled
envelops or in clean sterile labeled Petri dishes. All collected animal specimens were accompanied by data involving species, sex, and age of the animal, in addition to date of sample collection. The specimens were transferred immediately to the laboratory of
Zoonoses in the department of Hygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Ethology,
faculty of veterinary medicine, Suez
Canal University for processing and
mycological examination.
3. Mycological examination
3.1. Direct microscopical examination
The hair, wool, scale and skin
scraping specimens from animals were
examined microscopically as described by Quinn et al. (1994), using KOH
wet preparation method.
SCVMJ, XIII (2) 2008
3.2. Isolation
3.2.1 Isolation of dermatophytes from
clinically affected animals
Specimens from clinically affected animals were cultured, irrespective of the negative or positive direct
microscopical examination result as
described by Rebell and Taplin (1974)
and Quinn et al. (1994), using duplicate Petri dishes or test tubes; the first
one containing Sabouraud Dextrose
Agar supplemented with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide, the second
containing SDA with chloramphenicol, cycloheximide and thiamine. The
Petri dishes or test tubes were labeled
with the specimen number and date of
inoculation. A light inoculum of each
hairs, wool, skin scrapings or scale
specimen was picked up with sterile
teasing needle or forceps and scattered
over the surface of the medium and
gently pressed down into the agar.
The inoculated plates were incubated at 28-30ºC, while the plates
containing SDA with chloramphenicol, cycloheximide and thiamine were
incubated at 37ºC to enhance growth
of T. verrucosum and observed daily
for any evidence of growth for three to
four weeks before being considered as
negative. The negative specimens were
repeatedly inoculated until a definite
finding was established. After the establishment of dermatophyte growth, a
subculture was made on SDA without
cycloheximide for further identifica-
627
tion of unidentified cultures or for preservation of the obtained colonies.
3.2.2. Isolation of dermatophytes
from apparently healthy animals.
Specimens of apparently healthy animals were cultured as described
by Vanbreuseghem (1952) using the
laboratory "hair-bait technique" in which sterile labeled Petri dishes were
half filled with sterile soil which is thoroughly moistened with sufficient
amount of sterile distilled water.
Thereafter, hairs, scales and after brushing material were distributed
over the surface of the moisten soil
and incubated at room temperature
(20-25ºC). The incubated plates were
examined weekly for a period of three
months and the pieces of hairs, which
were covered with mycelium, were
further examined by culture on SDA
containing chloramphenicol and cycloheximide and incubated at room temperature for 4 weeks. Fungal growth,
which appears, was submitted for identification of isolates.
3.3. Identification of the isolates:
The isolated colonies were identified
by macroscopical character, morphology and microscopical examination
using Lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB)
wet mount (Clayton and Midgley,
1985 and Carter and John, 1990), to
demonstrate the presence of hyphae,
macroconidia, chlamydospores and other
fungal structure.
628
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
The dermatophyte infection rates among the examined clinically affected animals in Suez Canal area, using the direct microscopy and cultural
examinations respectively (Table, 1),
were 83.3% and 75% in cattle, 100%
and 50% in buffaloes, 71.4% and
71.4% in sheep, 80% and 65% in
goats, 75% and 25% in horses, 50%
and 41.7% in dogs and 63.3% and
56.7% in cats with overall dermatophyte infection rates of 74.9% and
66.3% among the all examined animals. These results were nearly similar
to dermatophyte cultural examination
results reported in Egypt by Nasser,
1969 (63.46% of different farm animals); El- Assi, 1977 (69.23% of sheep
and goats) and Abou-Eisha and ElAttar, 1994 (69.2% of cattle). Lower
results were recorded in Egypt by
Kamel et al., 1977 (7.5% of different
animal species); El-Sayed, 1980 (38.9%
of different animal species); El-Sherif,
1990 (4.12% of cattle and 16.67% of
buffaloes); El-Attar, 1992 (38.7% of
different animal species); Awad, 1995
(4.15% of horses, 10.43% of cattle and
6.14% of sheep); Maysa, 2002 (26.7%
of different animal species) and
Nermeen, 2006 (15% of cattle).
While, higher results were obtained in Egypt by Abdelsamad, 1989
(87.2% of dogs and 92.06% of cats).
There were slight variations in
the results of micoscopical and cult-
Abou – Eisha et al.,
ural examinations among the examined animals between Ismailia, Port Said and Suez provinces (Fig., 1).
Moreover, the occurrence of
dermatophyte infections varies in frequency percentage with those reported
in the available literature noted above.
This may be attributed to the type, age
and number of the examined animals,
location and the environmental conditions (Afaf, 1980; Sabah, 1984; Awad,
1995 and Nassif and Osman, 2003).
Distribution of animal dermatophytosis with regard to age among
the examined animals clinically showing ringworm lesions, in this study,
revealed that most cases of bovine,
ovine, caprine and pet dermatophytosis were observed in young animals
specially those aged less than one year
(Abdelsamad, 1989; Nassif and Osman, 2003; Silva et al., 2003 and Cafarchia et al., 2004). However, in horses, all cases were recorded in horses
aged more than 6 years old in the present study. This finding disagreed with
Mahmoud (1995) and Awad (1995)
who found that most cases of equine
ringworm were recorded in young
horses, most commonly those aged 2-3
years old.
From the mentioned above, it
was concluded that young aged animals are more susceptible for dermatophytic infection than older ones. This
higher susceptibility of young animals
may be related to lack of prior expo-
SCVMJ, XIII (2) 2008
sure to infection and thus no immunity
to protect those animals (Nassif and
Osman, 2003 and Cafarchia et al., 2004).
Regarding the dermatophyte
isolates, in the present study, T. verrucosum was the main isolate of culturally positive cases of cattle (54, 75%),
buffaloes (1, 50%), sheep (25, 71.4%),
goats (13, 65%) and horses (1, 25%).
These findings were in accordance with those reported by Abou-Eisha and
El-Attar (1994), Seddek et al. (1994),
Al-Ani et al. (2002), Maysa (2002),
Hanaa (2003) and Nermeen (2006).
On the other hand, it is evident
from the present results that M. canis
was the only dermatophyte species
isolated from 5 (41.7%) and 17 (56.7%)
out of the examined 12 dogs and 30
cats, respectively. These findings were
in agreement with those reported by
Nasser (1969); Abdelsamad (1989),
Abou-Eisha and El-Attar (1994),
Cabanes et al. (1997), Maysa (2002),
Hanaa (2003) and Nermeen (2006),
who reported that pets especially cats
are important reservoir for M. canis
and this species is the main causative
agent for pet's dermatophytosis.
In the present study, ringworm
lesions in cattle infected with T. verrucosum are characterized by presence
of circular lesions covered with grayish white crusts on the head, neck and
anterior part of the body (Fig., 2). In
some calves the lesions were found
around the eyes or the lesions coalesced with each others giving wide irre-
629
gular areas of the lesion. These findings coincided with those reported by
Mourad (1983), Sabah (1984), ElSherif (1990) and El-Attar (1992).
Ringworm lesions in sheep infected with
T. verrucosum are characterized by circumscribed lesions of alopecia, scaling and crusting around eyes (Fig., 3).
In some cases the lesions were present
on ears, legs and the inner side of the
fatty tail. These findings were the
same as those reported by El-Allawy et
al. (1980), El-Attar (1992) and Awad
(1995).
Ringworm lesion in a cat infected with
M. canis, in this study, was characterized by presence of erythematous area
of alopecia on the leg (Fig., 4). In
other cases, lesions were mostly distributed in the head, around eyes, ears,
muzzle and legs due to scratching of
lesions in other parts of the body. This
finding coincided with Abdelsamad
(1989) and Nermeen (2006) who found that the most commonly affected
areas with ringworm lesions in pets
are the head and extremities.
In cultural examination of animal specimens for dermatophytes, in
the present study, microscopy of T.
verrucosum isolated from culturally
positive cases showing typical chains
of chlamydoconidia "chains of pearls"
(Fig., 5). This coincided with Fisher
and Cook (1998).
On the other hand, microscopy
of M. canis isolated from culturally
positive cases showing typical spindle
630
shaped long smooth thick - walled macroconidia (Fig., 6). These findings were
the same as those described previously
by Carter and John (1990) and Fisher and Cook (1998).
Concerning the seasonal variation, the distribution of dermatophyte
culturally positive cases among the examined animal species, as shown in
Table (2) and Fig. (7) in this study, revealed that dermatophyte infections
reached its peak obviously during autumn and winter months for cattle
(40.7% and 37%), sheep (20% and
72%), goats (30.8% and 69.2%), dogs
(40% and 40%) and cats (58.8% and
29.4%) respectively. These results were in accordance with Afaf (1980),
Sabah (1984) and Awad (1995). On
the other hand, our findings disagreed
with El-Assi (1977) and Nassif and
Osman (2003) who noted that ringworm infection in sheep and goats increased in the beginning of summer season. The only culturally positive case
of dermatophytes in buffaloes or horses, in the present study, was recorded
in winter months. This was in keeping
with Awad (1995) who reported higher frequency of equine dermatophytosis during January and February.
From the mentioned above, it
could be concluded that this higher
frequency distribution of dermatophyte infection during autumn and winter months may be due to huddling of
animals together during winter mon-
Abou – Eisha et al.,
ths. Moreover, close confinement of
animals considered as an important
factor in the spread of the disease (AlAni et al. 2002 and Nassif and Osman,
2003).
Table (3) and Fig. (8) show the
distribution of dermatophyte culturally
positive cases among the examined
animal species in relation to sex. The
dermatophyte infection rates were higher in males (75.9%, 100%, 76%,
61.5% and 100%) than females (24.1%,
0.0%, 24%, 38.5% and 0.0%) in cattle,
buffaloes, sheep, goats and horses, respectively. This result was in accordance with that reported by Sabah
(1984). While, El-Assi (1977) mentioned that although female sheep and
goats showed higher incidence of infection (59.1%), both sexes were equally
susceptible to infection. On the other
hand, in this study, the dermatophyte
infection rates were higher in females
(60% and 70.6%) than males (40%
and 29.4%) in dogs and cats, respectively. This result varied with Cafarchia et al. (2004) who found that male
dogs were more affected with dermatophytes, while no differences were noticed between sexes in cats, in Southern Italy.
This higher incidence of ringworm in male farm animals could be
explained by the fact that most of the
examined bovine, ovine and caprine
ringworm cases were males from intensive beef fattening farms and large
SCVMJ, XIII (2) 2008
collections of sheep and goats used for
fattening. It seems that overpopulation
and confinement of these animals may
play a role in the spread of the disease
among fattened males. Moreover, this
may be due to difference in composition of sebum in males when compared with females (Cafarchia et al.,
2004).
Many domestic animals could
carry dermatophyte spores on their coats without showing any signs of
disease (El-Bahay and Refai, 1973).
In this study, the overall dermatophyte
culturally positive rate among the examined apparently healthy animals was
10 (7.04%) out of 142 with positive
rates of 12% in cattle, 4% in sheep,
4% in goats and 25% in cats. While,
the apparently healthy buffaloes, horses, donkeys and dogs were culturally
negative for dermatophytes (Table, 4).
These findings were nearly similar to
those reported by Abou-Eisha and ElAttar (1994) who found that the overall dermatophyte infection rate among
apparently healthy animals was 8.6%
in Ismailia governorate, Egypt.
Regarding the location in Suez
Canal area, the occurrence rates of
dermatophyte culturally positive among the examined apparently healthy
animals in Ismailia, Port Said and Suez provinces respectively were 16.7%,
0.0% and 20% in cattle, 8.3%, 0.0%
and 0.0% in sheep, 0.0%, 20% and
0.0% in goats and 25%, 25% and 25%
in cats. This variation in the derma-
631
tophyte infection rates in Suez Canal
provinces may be due to the difference
in the true prevalence of this disease
among animals clinically affected with
ringworm lesions in these areas and
the number of examined animals in
each province.
Regarding the dermatophyte
isolates from apparently healthy animals, T. verrucosum was the most common isolate from cattle (2, 8%). This
result was nearly similar to that reported in Ismailia governorate, Egypt by
Abou-Eisha and El-Attar, 1994 (6.5%).
It was lower than that obtained by
Takatori et al. (1993) who reported
high detection rate of T. verrucosum
from healthy calf skin (17.1%). While,
it was higher than that reported by
Efuntoye and Fashanu (2002) in Oyo
State, Nigeria (2.5%). Mourad (1983)
isolated T. verrucosum from apparently healthy cattle that were in contact
with diseased ones in Upper Egypt.
The second most common dermatophyte isolated from apparently
healthy cattle was T. mentagrophytes
var. mentagrophytes (1, 4%). This result was nearly similar to that reported
by Efuntoye and Fashanu (2002) in
Oyo State, Nigeria (2.5%).
The dermatophyte isolates from apparently healthy sheep and goats, in this study, were T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes at a rate of
4% for each of them (Fig., 9). This
result was nearly similar to those reported by Samaha et al. (2002) who
632
isolated T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes from apparently healthy
sheep and goats at rates of 2.67% and
6%, respectively.
The present study revealed that
the overall dermatophyte culturally
positive rate among the apparently healthy cats was 25% and the isolated
dermatophytes were M. gypseum (15%)
(Fig., 10) and M. canis (10%). This result varied from those reported by Romano et al. (1997), Patel et al. (2005)
and Iorio et al. (2007) who mentioned
that M. canis is the most common fungus isolated from apparently healthy
cats. However, this finding confirmed
that apparently healthy cats are significant reservoir for M. canis and they
are often blamed for transmission of
this species between animals and humans (Patel et al., 2005).
In the present study, no dermatophyte fungi were isolated from apparently healthy buffaloes, dogs, horses
and donkeys. This finding was in agreement with those reported in Egypt
by Abou-Eisha and El-Attar (1994)
and Maysa (2002) who failed to isolate dermatophytes from apparently
healthy buffaloes. Failure of dermatophyte isolation from these animals
may be attributed to secretion of anti-
Abou – Eisha et al.,
dermatophytic substance from Chrysosporium keratinophilum, which is
present in the hair coat of these apparently healthy animals and it may inhibit the growth and conidia production
of some Trichophyton, Microsporum
and E. floccosum species (Gokulshankar et al. 2005).
From the mentioned above, the
existence of some dermatophytic fungi
in the healthy hair coat of the examined animals is due either to mere environmental contamination or to inapparent infection (Otcenásek et al., 1980).
These findings highlight the role of
apparently healthy animals in transmission of such dermatophytic fungi to
humans or other animal species.
In conclusion, the isolated zoophilic dermatophytes, T. verrucosum,
M. canis, and T. mentagrophytes var.
mentagrophytes, and geophilic M. gypseum form the examined farm and
pet animal reassured that these animals act as important source and reservoir of human infections with dermatophytes and reflecting the danger of
contact with these animals because
these agents are more inflammatory
and causing sever disease than the
anthropophilic one.
SCVMJ, XIII (2) 2008
633
100
90
% of culturally positive cases
80
70
Ismailia
60
Port Said
50
40
Suez
30
20
10
0
Cattle
Buffaloes
Sheep
Goat
Horses
Dogs
Cats
Animal species
Fig. (1): Distribution of dermatophytes among the examined animals clinically showing
ringworm lesions in Suez Canal area.
2
3
Fig. (2): Ringworm lesions in cattle caused by T. verrucosum, showing typical circular
lesions on the head, neck and dewlap covered with grayish white crusts.
Fig. (3): Ringworm lesions in sheep caused by T. verrucosum, characterized by alopecia
and scaling around the eye.
Abou – Eisha et al.,
634
Fig. (4): Ringworm lesion in a cat caused by M. Canis, showing erythematous area
of alopecia on the leg.
5
6
Fig. (5): Microscopy of T. verrucosum isolated from infected cattle skin scrapings,
showing typical chains of chlamydoconidia "chains of pearls" (X400).
Fig. (6): Microscopy of M. canis isolated from cat's ringworm lesion, showing typical
spindle shaped long, thick – walled macroconidia. X400
SCVMJ, XIII (2) 2008
635
100
90
Summer
% of culturally positive cases
80
70
Autumn
60
50
Winter
40
30
Spring
20
10
0
Cattle
Buffaloes
Sheep
Goat
Horses
Dogs
Cats
Animal species
Fig. (7): Frequency distribution of dermatophyte culturally positive cases
among the examined animal species according to season.
100
90
% of culturally posisitve cases
80
70
60
Males
50
Females
40
30
20
10
0
Cattle
Buffaloes
Sheep
Goat
Horses
Dogs
Cats
Animal species
Fig. (8): Frequency distribution of dermatophyte culturally
positive cases among the examined animal species
according to sex.
Abou – Eisha et al.,
636
9
10
Fig. (9): Microscopy of T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes isolated from apparently
healthy goat, showing numerous spherical microconidia arranged in clusters with
rare cigar shaped macroconidia (X400).
Fig. (10): Microscopy of M. gypseum isolated from apparently healthy cat showing
ellipsoidal rough, thin walled 4-6 celled Macroconidia.
SCVMJ, XIII (2) 2008
637
Table (1): Occurrence of dermatophytes among the examined animals clinically
showing ringworm lesions in Suez Canal area.
Animal
species
No.
exam.
Cattle
72
≤
2 years
38/49
(77.6)
33/49
(67.3)
11/12
(91.7)
10/12
(83.3)
11/11
(100)
11/11
(100)
60/72
(83.3)
54/72
(75)
T. verrucosum
(54)
Buffaloes
2
≤
1year
2/2
(100)
1/2
(50)
---
---
---
---
2/2
(100)
½
(50)
T. verrucosum
(1)
Sheep
35
15/21
(71.4)
15/21
(71.4)
6/8
(75)
6/8
(75)
4/6
(66.7)
4/6
(66.7)
25/35
(71.4)
25/35
(71.4)
T. verrucosum
(25)
Goat
20
≤
1.5
years
≤3
years
8/11
(72.7)
6/11
(54.5)
3/3
(100)
2/3
(66.7)
5/6
(83.3)
5/6
(83.3)
16/20
(80)
13/20
(65)
T. verrucosum
(13)
Horses
4
Dogs
12
Cats
30
>5
years
≤
1year
≤
1year
Grand
Total
175
2/3
(66.7)
¾
(75)
13/19
(68.4)
81/109
(74.3)
1/3
(33.3)
1/4
(25)
10/19
(52.6)
67/109
(61.5)
--2/4
(50)
3/6
(50)
25/33
(75.8)
--3/4
(75)
5/6
(83.3)
26/33
(78.8)
1/1
(100)
1/4
(25)
3/5
(60)
25/33
(75.8)
0/1
(0.0)
1/4
(25)
2/5
(40)
23/33
(69.7)
¾
(75)
6/12
(50)
19/30
(63.3)
131/175
(74.9)
¼
(25)
5/12
(41.7)
17/30
(56.7)
116/175
(66.3)
T. verrucosum
(1)
M. canis
(5)
M. canis
(17)
T. verrucosum
(94)
M. canis
(22)
Age
No. of positive cases for dermatophytic fungi / total No. of examined animals
Ismailia
Port Said
Suez province
Total
province
province
M.E
C.E.
M.E
C.E
M.E
C.E.
M.E
C.E.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
M.E.: Microscopical Examination.
C.E.: Cultural Examination.
Isolated
strains
(No.)
Abou – Eisha et al.,
638
Table (2): Frequency distribution of dermatophyte culturally positive cases
among the examined animal species clinically showing ringworm
lesions according to season.
Season
Summer
Animal
species
Cattle
Buffaloes
Sheep
Goat
Horses
Dogs
Cats
Grand Total
No.
Autumn
(%)
No.
4 (7.4)
----0 (0.0)
--1 (20)
2 (11.8)
7 (6)
22
-5
4
0
2
10
43
(%)
(40.7)
-(20)
(30.8)
(0.0)
(40)
(58.8)
(37.1)
Winter
Spring
Total
(%)
No. (%)
No.
20 (37)
1 (100)
18 (72)
9 (69.2)
1 (100)
2 (40)
5 (29.4)
56 (48.3)
8 (14.8)
--2 (8)
0 (0.0)
------10 (8.6)
54
1
25
13
1
5
17
116
No.
Table (3): Frequency distribution of dermatophyte culturally positive
cases among the examined animal species according to sex.
Sex
Male
Female
Total
Animal
species
Cattle
Buffaloes
Sheep
Goat
Horses
Dogs
Cats
Grand Total
No.
(%)
No.
(%)
No.
41
(75.9)
13
(24.1)
54
1
19
8
1
2
5
77
(100)
(76)
(61.5)
(100)
(40)
(29.4)
(66.4)
-6
5
-3
12
39
-(24)
(38.5)
-(60)
(70.6)
(33.6)
1
25
13
1
5
17
116
SCVMJ, XIII (2) 2008
639
Table (4): Occurrence of dermatophytes among the examined apparently
healthy animal species in Suez Canal area.
Animal
species
No.
exam.
Age
No. of culturally positive cases for dermatophytic
fungi / total No. of examined animals
Ismailia
Port Said
Suez
Total
Isolated strains
(No.)
No. (%)
No.
(%)
No. (%)
No.
Cattle
25
≤3
years
2/12 (16.7)
0/8
(0.0)
1/5 (20)
3/25
(12)
Buffaloes
25
≤2
year
0/13 (0.0)
0/10 (0.0)
0/2 (0.0)
0/25
(0.0)
Sheep
25
≤ 1.5
years
1/12 (8.3)
0/4
(0.0)
0/9 (0.0)
1/25
(4)
T. mentagrophytes (1)
var. mentagrophytes
Goat
25
≤ 1.5
years
0/14 (0.0)
1/5
(20)
0/6 (0.0)
1/25
(4)
T. mentagrophytes (1)
var. mentagrophytes
Horses
5
0/5 (0.0)
--
--
--
--
0/5
(0.0)
Donkeys
2
0/2 (0.0)
--
--
--
--
0/2
(0.0)
Dogs
15
0/5 (0.0)
0/4
(0.0)
0/6 (0.0)
0/15
(0.0)
Cats
20
>5
years
>
5 years
≤
2 years
≤
1year
3/12 (25)
1/4
(25)
1/4 (25)
5/20 (25)
Grand
Total
142
6/75 (8)
2/35 (5.7)
2/32
(6.25)
(%)
10/142(7.04)
T. verrucosum
(2)
T. mentagrophytes (1)
var. mentagrophytes
M. gypseum
M. canis
(3)
(2)
T. verrucosum
(2)
T. mentagrophytes (3)
var. mentagrophytes
M. gypseum
(3)
M. canis
(2)
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‫الملخص العربى‬
‫الفطريات الجلدية فى الحيوانات وأهميتها كمرض مشترك فى منطقة قناة السويس‬
‫عبدالكريم محمود أبوعيشه‪ ،‬محمد عبدالعال صبيح‪ ،‬هناء محمد فاضل‪ ،‬هبه سيد محمد حسن المحالوى‬
‫قسم الصحة واألمراض المشتركة وسلوكيات الحيوان‪ ،‬كلية الطب البيطري‪ ،‬جامعة قناة السويس‪،‬‬
‫اإلسماعيلية‪ ،‬مصر‪.‬‬
‫في مسح شامل للفطريات الجلدية لحيوانات المزرعة والكالب والقطط بمنطقة قناة السويس‪،‬‬
‫وجد أن فطر تريكوفيتون فيروكوزم المسبب الرئيسي الذي تم عزله من حاالت حيوانات المزرعة التي‬
‫صنفت إكلينيكيا إصابتها بالفطريات الجلدية وهى األبقار (‪ ،)%57‬الجاموس (‪ ،)%75‬األغنام‬
‫(‪ ،)%5,،7‬الماعز (‪ )%57‬والخيول (‪ .)%57‬بينما فطر ميكروسبورم كانيز تم عزله من حاالت‬
‫الكالب والقطط التي صنفت إكلينيكيا إصابتها بهذا المرض بنسبة ‪ %75،5‬و ‪ %7,،5‬على التوالي‪.‬‬
‫وت بين أن أعلى معدل لإلصابة بين الحيوانات التي تم فحصها كان في أشهر الخريف والشتاء وأقل‬
‫معدالت اإلصابة في أشهر الصيف والربيع‪ .‬كما أظهرت الدراسة أن الحيوانات الصغيرة أكثر قابلية‬
‫لإلصابة عن الحيوانات الكبيرة في العمر‪ .‬وعلى الجانب األخر‪ ،‬بفحص الحيوانات السليمة ظاهريا تبين‬
‫أن عدد ‪ )%5،57( ,5‬من ‪ ,75‬حيوان حامل للفطريات الجلدية وهى تريكوفيتون منتاجروفايتس والتي‬
‫تم عزلها بنسبة ‪ %7‬من كال من األبقار‪ ،‬واألغنام والماعز‪ ،‬وتريكوفيتون فيروكوزم من األبقار بنسبة‬
‫‪ ،%8‬وميكروسبورم جيبسيم وميكروسبورم كانيز من القطط بنسبة ‪ %,7‬و‪ %,5‬على التوالي‪ .‬بينما‬
‫لم يتم عزل الفطريات الجلدية من الجاموس والخيول والحمير والكالب السليمة ظاهريا‪ .‬وهذه النتائج‬
‫تأكد أن هذه الحيوانات مصدر ومستودع هام إلصابة اإلنسان بهذه الفطريات الجلدية وتعكس خطورة‬
‫التالمس مع هذه الحيوانات‪.‬‬