Taxonomy
The Science of Classification
Name: _________________
Student#: __
Term
Definition
Autotroph
Organism can make its own food,
photosynthesis.
Heterotroph
Organism can not make its own food, they eat
things.
Eukaryote
Has a nuclear membrane.
Prokaryote
Does not have a nuclear membrane.
Classification Notes
Taxonomy- Science of classification
Why classify organisms? To show similarities between life
Carolus Linnaeus
•Father of taxonomy
•Developed binomial nomenclature
Binomial Nomenclature= 2 name naming system
Ex: Human = Homo sapiens
Linnaeus used Latin
1.Latin is a dead language
2.Scientists all over the world understand it
Why did he do this?
Common names can be misleadingex:
Jellyfish
Seahorse Ringworm
Scientific name: Geococcyx californianus
Common name: Roadrunner
Acceleratii incredibus
Starfish
Scientific name: Canis latrans
Common name: Coyote
Eatius birdius
8 Taxon Groups
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Relatedness of organisms
decreases
increases
Number of organisms
decreases
Genus
Species
Scientific nameconsists of
genus and
species
Mnemonic device to help you remember:
Dear King Philip Came Over For Great Soup
Dumb Kids Play Catch On Freeway Go Splat
General
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animal
Specific
Phylum
Chordate
Class
Mammal
Order
Primate
Family
Hominidae
Genus
Homo
Species sapiens
Scientific name consists of
genus and species
Binomial
Nomenclature
Which 2 are closely
related?
Rules for writing binomial nomenclature:
1.Consists of Genus and species
2.First letter of genus is capitalized, everything else lowercased.
3.Both names are underlined, or italicized.
Species: A group of members that can interbreed
Hybrids- Offspring made by 2 different species.
=
+
Female horse (Mare)
Equus caballus
Male donkey (Jack)
Equus asinus
+
False Killer Whale
Pseudorca crassidens
+
=
Bottle nosed dolphin
Tursiops truncatus
Wholphin
=
Female horse (mare)
Equus caballus
=
+
Male lion
Panthera leo
Mule
Zebra stallion
Equus zebra
Female tiger
Pantera tigris
Liger
Zorse
6 Kingdoms
Protists
Fungi
Bacteria
Archaea
Plants
Animals
The 6 kingdom system is based on
the following criteria
1. Presence of a Nucleus
Prefix/Suffixes:
Pro = Before
Eu =
True
Karyote =
Nucleus
2.Prokaryote:
Simple, no nuclear
membrane
3.Eukaryote: Complex, has a nuclear
membrane
2. Number of Cells
•Unicellular: Organism consists of one cell
•Multicellular:
Organism consists of many cells
3. How it obtains food
•Autotroph: •Organism makes its own food
•Photosynthesis
ex: Grass, flowers
•Organism CANNOT make its own food
•Heterotroph:•Hunts for food
ex: Ant, human
Kingdom
Animal
Plant
Characteristics
Largest kingdom
•Multicellular
•Eukaryote
•Heterotrophic
•
Multicellular
•Eukaryote
•Autotrophic
•
Examples
Spider
Penguin
•Cat
•
•
Tree
•Corn
•Grass
•
Kingdom
Characteristics
•Uni & Multicellular
•Have a nucleus
(Eukaryote)
•Have a cell wall
•No chlorophyll
(Heterotroph)
•Break down organic
material
Fungi
Protists
Unicellular
•Eukaryote
•Hetero & Autotrophic
•
Kingdom
Bacteria
Archaea
Examples
Yeast
•Mushroom
•Mold
•
Euglena
•Paramecium
•Ameba
•
Characteristics
Unicellular
•Prokaryote
•Hetero & Autotroph
•
Unicellular
•Prokaryote
•Autotroph
•
Examples
•E. Coli
•Salomenlla
Extremophiles
•
Family of Living things
Animal
How does it
obtain food?
Plant
Hetero
How many
cells does it
have?
Multi
Eukaryote or
Prokaryote?
Eukar
Fungi
Auto
Multi
Protist
Hetero
Multi &
Uni
Eukar
Eukar
Bacteria
Archaea
Both
Both
Auto
Uni
Uni
Uni
Eukar
Pro
Bacteria
Eukarya
Domain:
Pro
Archaea
A group larger than a kingdom
Taxon
Human
Chimp
House Cat
Lion
House Fly
Domain
Eukarya
Eukarya
Eukarya
Eukarya
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Phylum
Chordate
Chordate
Chordate
Chordate
Arthropod
Class
Mammal
Mammal
Mammal
Mammal
Insect
Order
Primate
Primate
Carnivore
Carnivore
Diptera
Family
Hominidae
Pongidae
Felidae
Felidae
Muscidae
Genus
Homo
Pan
Felis
Felis
Musca
Species
Sapiens
Troglodytes
Catus
Leo
Domestica
Felis catus
Felis leo
Musca domestica
Scientific Name
Homo sapiens Pan troglodytes
1. Which 2 taxons do all organisms belong to?
Domain & kingdom
2. Circle the characteristics that all organisms share in this chart.
Multicellular
Prokaryote
Autotroph
Unicellular
Eukaryote
Heterotroph
3. Which 2 organisms are most closely related
House cat and lion
Example of a Dichotomous Key
•1a Tentacles present- Go to 2
•1b Tentacles absent- Go to 4
•2a Eight tentacles - Octopus
•2b More than 8 tentacles - Go to 3
•3a Tentacles hang down- Jellyfish
•3b Tentacles upright- Sea anemone
•4a Pair of giant claws - Crab
•4b Pink body- Shrimp
Norns
Norns belong to the
genus Norno and can
be divided into 8
species that are
generally located in
specific regions of the
world. Use the
dichotomous key to
identify the norns
below. Write their
scientific name
(genus + species) in
the blank.
1. a) Has pointed ears......................................................... go to 3
b) Has rounded ears.........................................................go to 2
2. a) Has no tail (as seen in the picture) .............................Kentuckyus
b) Has tail (as seen in the picture) ...................................Dakotus
3. a) Ears point up / straight to the side............................. go to 5
b) Ears point down...........................................................go to 4
4. a) Engages in waving behavior.......................................Dallus
b) Has hairy tufts on ears.................................................Californius
5. a) Engages in waving behavior.......................................Romeus
b) Does not engage in waving behavior...........................go to 6
6. a) Has hair on head........................................................Beverlus
b) Has no hair on head (may have ear tufts).................go to 7
7. a) Has a tail....................................................................Yorkio
b) Has no tail, aggressive ...............................................Uticus
Norno dallus
Norno californius
Norno romeus
Norno uticus
Norno yorkio
Norno kentuckyus
Norno dakotus