ID: D
Industrial Revolution
Multiple Choice
IdentifY the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
I. Which statement best describes the Industrial
Revolution?
a. Important inventions suddenly changed life
across all of Europe
b. There was a gradual change in the way people
lived and worked
The
method of production changed very
c.
quickly from hand to machines
d. It destroyed fanning and agriculture and
created industry
6. How did early socialists propose to end the
injustices of the factory system?
a. by establishing communities in which all work
and property was shared
b. by expanding suffrage to include workers and
women
c. by placing limits on population growth to
reduce the size of the working class
d. by fostering revolution among the working
class
2. Which group established communities where all
7. The development of steam power enabled the
growth of
a. small factories.
b. railroads.
c. the putting-out system.
d. canals.
work is shared and all property is owned in
common?
a. capitalists
b. Utilitarians
c. Utopians
d. Communists
3. "The greatest happiness for the greatest number"
was
a.
b.
c.
d.
a goal of
utopianism
capitalism.
utilitarianism.
socialism.
4. This person saw histmy as a series of class
struggles
a. Robert Owen
b. Karl Marx
c. Jeremy Bentham
d. Thomas Malthus
5. Which of the following helped British fanners
increase food production in the 1700s?
a. improved fann machine1y
b. new kinds of crops
c. reducing the size of their fanns
d. the availability of more farmworkers
8. Two goals of communism are to
a.
b.
c.
d.
end capitalism; create a classless society
close factories; return to agricultural society
leanr lassiez-faire economics; reduce
governmental control
build larger factories; grant universal suffrage
9. Karl Marx despised capitalism because he believed
that it
a. limited the individual freedoms of the people.
b. created prosperity for a few and poverty for
many.
c. discouraged labor unions.
d. prevented government from protecting workers.
10. Land enclosure in the 1600s and I 700s resulted in
a. more fenced fa1ms.
b. larger farms.
c. more farms.
d. more peasant farmers.
ID: D
11. Early in the Industrial Revolntion, working-class
women
a. worked only part time.
b. were not allowed to work in coal mines.
c. worked 12 or more hours a day outside the
home.
d. received the same pay as men.
18. Who benefited the most from the Industrial
Revolution?
a. nobles
b. entrepreneurs
c. workers
d. fanners
19. In what way were railroads an improvement over
12. What was one of the major uses of high-quality
canals?
a. Railroads were the only fonn of overland
transportation.
b. Railroads could connect an inland town to a
coastal port.
c. Railroads could connect two rivers.
d. Railroads did not have to follow the course of a
river.
iron?
a. to build roads
b. to make railroads
c. to make the steam engine
d. to make tractors
13. What effect did new machine technology have on
the putting-out system?
a. It made the system much more efficient
b. It resulted in more employees being hired to
work in the system
c. It caused mor eworkplace injuries
d. It ended the putting-out system
20. Most early factory workers were women because
a. employers could pay women less than men.
b. women were more willing than men to work
long hours.
c. more women than men sought employment.
d. women were less likely than men to have
accidents.
14. Gennan socialists fonned a social democracy to try
to transition gradually
a. from socialism to capitalism.
b. from capitalism to. socialism.
c. from socialism to communism.
15. The
a.
b.
c.
d.
21. Industrialization in the textile industry resulted in
a.
b.
c.
d.
putting-out system was a method of
removing iron from its ore.
spim1ing thread with water power.
producing cloth in individual homes.
separating seeds from cotton.
22. Laws called "factory acts" were passed in the early
1800s to
a. reform child labor.
b. provide free education for working children.
c. provide the right to vote for working-class men.
d. allow workers to organize into unions.
16. Most poor working class people in cities lived in
a. great splendor
b. slums
c. tenements
d. subsidized housing
23. Karl Marx disliked capitalism because he believed
that it
a. limited the individual freedoms of the people.
b. prevented government from protecting workers.
c. created prosperity for a few and poverty for
many.
d. stopped social advancement for the workinf
. poor
17. How did enclosure affect British farmers?
a.
b.
c.
d.
slower production times.
better-payingjobs.
the establishment of factories.
improved working conditions.
many fanners lost farms and moved to cities
famers learned to use steam power to harvest
crops
fanns became less productive
the number of fa1mers shot up from 5 million
to about 9 million
2
ID: D
24. According to socialists, the solution to poverty and
injustice was
a. armed revolution to overthrow the proletariat.
b. shared ownership by the people of the means of
production.
c. the charity and good works of the religious
conununity.
d. individual ownership of the means of
production.
31. This person believed in " the greatest happiness for
the greatest number"
a. Karl Marx
b. Robert Owen
c. Thomas Malthus
d. Jeremy Bentham
32. Which of the following helped Britain become a
global power in the 1700s?
a. its success in war
b. its rich resources
c. its position next to mainland Europe
d. its favorable climate
25. Factories were first used in by what induslly?
a. coal mining
b. cotton processing
c. agriculture
d. textiles
33. Steam became an efficient power source because of
improvements made by
a. Eli Whitney.
b. John Stuart Mill.
c. James Watt.
d. Thomas Newcomen.
26. "The greatest happiness for the hardest worker"
was a goal of
a. socialism.
b. conununism.
c. utilitarianism.
d. capitalism.
34. Thomas Malthus discouraged vaccinations because
a. vaccinations were too expensive for the poor.
b. vaccinations were not yet effective enough to
control disease.
c. he feared that vaccinations would cause
disease.
d. disease was a natural means of population
control.
27. Luddites, who smashed machines, were groups of
a. ininers
b. missionaries
c. rnral workers
d. textile workers
28. Charles Townshend and Jethro Tull were
a. inventors of the first water frame
b. American inventors of the sewing machine
c. pioneers in improved sanitation
d. developers of new agricultural teclmiques
35. Which of the following was a long-term result of
the Industrial Revolution?
a. an overall decline in population
b. a general rise in the standard ofliving
c. the overall poverty of the working class
d. a general decline in the standard of living
29. Someone who assumes all the risks of beginning a
business is called
a. a self-made person
b. an entrepreneur
c. an investor
d. a speculator
36. Gennan socialists fonned a social democracy in the
1860s in order to transition gradually
a. from cmmnunism to capitalism.
b. from socialism to capitalism.
c. from socialism to c01mnunism.
d. from capitalism to socialism.
30. Money used in invest is also known as
a. capital
b. portfolio
c. disposable income
d. investments
3
ID: D
3 7. During the Industrial Revolution, life changed in
what basic way?
a. People migrated to colonies.
b. People migrated from villages to work on large
fanns.
c. People migrated from cities to small towns.
d. People migrated from rural areas to cities.
4 3. Marx named the working class
a. bougeoisie
b. arbeiter
c. the huddled masses
d. proletariat
44. Jeremy Bentham believed that
a. poverty was inevitable, in spite of wage
increases for the working class.
b. laws should be judged by whether they bring
more pleasure than pain.
c. citizens should be willing to give up individual
freedom for the good of the majority.
d. govermnent should play no role in the
economy.
38. The people who lived in tenements in industrial
cities were part of the
a. upper class.
b. working class.
c. bourgeoisie.
d. middle class.
39. During the Industrial Revolution, life changed in
what basic way?
a. People learned to use machines to make their
own clothes.
b. People migrated from villages to work on large
fa1ms.
c. People began selling their goods instead of
trading them.
d. People migrated from rural areas to cities.
45. According to laissez-faire economists, the cure for
poverty was
a. popular refonn movements.
b. laws requiring factories to increase wages.
c. welfare.
d. an unrestricted free market.
46. Which of the following best describes David
Ricardo's "Iron Law of Wages?"
a. Wage increases will not raise the standard of
living of poor families.
b. Wages will never increase as long as there are
more workers than available jobs.
c. Wages will increase in direct proportion to the
. .
.
nse 111 pnces.
d. Wages will continue to increase for the rich but
not for the poor.
40. In the early 1700s, Abraham Darby's experiments
led him to
a. patent a spim1ing machine called the water
frame.
b. harness new sources of energy.
c. invent the spinning jenny
d. produce less expensive, better-quality iron.
41. Why was coal important to the Industrial
Revolution?
a. Coal provided the fuel to produce iron.
b. Trading coal with other countries brought
wealth to invest in industry ..
c. Mining coal provided jobs for unemployed
farm laborers.
d. Coal provided fuel to heat workers' homes.
47. Which of the following was not a cause of the
Industrial Revolution?
a. captive markets
b. a lot of money
c. many resources
d. having colonies
48. The flying shuttle and spinning jenny were
technological advances in
a. steam-power generation
b. the shipping industry
c. transportation
d. the textile industry
42. Which of the following was a goal of European
conservatives in the early 1800s?
a. the expansion of suffrage to the middle class
b. the preservation of traditional ways of life
c. the establishment of a homeland for people
with a common heritage
d. the constitutional protection of natural rights
4
Name:
ID: D
49. Which of the following conditions dnring the
Industrial Revolution supported Karl Marx's ideas?
a. People were no longer threatened by famine.
b. There were a few wealthy business people
while the majority of people were poor.
c. More material goods were available and more
people could afford them.
d. People left the countryside and moved to the
cities.
50. The slave trade contributed to the rise of industry
in Britain by
a. increasing the demand for goods.
b. creating a large factory workforce.
c. providing cheap labor.
d. bringing in investment capital.
5