Journal of Basic and Applied Engineering Research
Print ISSN: 2350-0077; Online ISSN: 2350-0255; Volume 1, Number 2; October, 2014 pp. 33-37
© Krishi Sanskriti Publications
http://www.krishisanskriti.org/jbaer.html
Fea Analysis (Dynamic) on a
Passenger Car Bumper Body Material
S. N. Ch. Dattu. V.1, N. Surya Kiran2, B. Atcha Rao3
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pragati Engineering College,
Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2,3
Under Graduate Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Pragati Engineering College, Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract: Car bumper is one of the main parts which are used as
protection for passengers from front and rear collision. The aim
of work is to suggest best car bumper material for modern cars.
Dynamic analysis done by COSMOS according to the speeds of
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, 208 that is 13.3 m sec-1
(48 km h-1).The materials used for bumper are steel, impact abs
plastic and carbon fiber poly-ether-imide (PEI). In FEM analysis
impact load was considered. Based on the displacement values
shown by above materials, the best material was found out.
reinforcement bar plus energy-absorbing material, such as
polypropylene foam. The more a bumper extends from a car
body, when other factors remain equal to the more it absorbs
crash energy and reduces damage. The majority of modern
plastic car bumper system fascia’s are made of thermoplastic
olefins (TPOs), polycarbonates, polyesters, polypropylene,
polyurethanes, polyamides, or blends of these with, for
instance, glass fibers, for strength and structural rigidity.
Keywords: Bumper, Impact load, Collision, Dynamic analysis,
Displacement.
4. MODELING
1. INTRODUCTION
An automobile's bumper is the front-most or rear-most part,
ostensibly designed to allow the car to sustain an impact
without damage to the vehicle's safety systems. They are not
capable of reducing injury to vehicle occupants in high-speed
impacts, but are increasingly being designed to mitigate injury
to pedestrians struck by cars.
2. STANDARDS
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 215 (FMVSS
215), "Exterior Protection, the standard prohibited functional
damage to specified safety-related components such as
headlamps and fuel system components when the vehicle is
subjected to barrier crash tests at 5 miles per hour (8 km/h) for
front and 2.5 miles per hour (4 km/h) for rear bumper systems.
New bumper standard was placed in the United States Code of
Federal Regulations at 49CFR581 miles per hour (8 km/h)
front and rear barrier and pendulum crash tests were required,
and no damage was allowed to the bumper beyond a 3⁄8 in (10
mm) dent and 3⁄4 in (19 mm) displacement from the bumper's
original position.
3. BUMPER MATERIAL CONSIDERATIONS
At one time, most car bumpers were made of steel, today car
bumpers can be made from variety of different rubber
materials or plastics molded sleekly around the front and back
ends of the vehicles. Bumper systems usually include a
Fig No: 1 3D Model of a Car Bumper Model
34
S. N. Ch. Dattu. V., N. Surya Kiran, B. Atcha Rao
5. ANALYSIS
Fig No: 4 Alloy Steel@48
Fig No: 2. 3D Meshing of Car Bumper
Mesh Information Details:
Table No 1: Mesh Properties
Total Nodes
Aspect Ratio
Jacobin Points
16947
10.777
4
Total Elements
Mesh Type
Element Size
19442
Solid Mesh
22.0805 mm
Fig No: 3 2D Drawing of a Car Bumper Model
Fig No: 5 Plastic@48
Fig No: 6 PEI@48
Journal of Basic and Applied Engineering Research (JBAER)
Print ISSN: 2350-0077;
0077; Online ISSN: 2350
2350-0255; Volume 1, Number 2; October, 2014
Fea Analysis (Dynamic) on a Passenger Car Bumper Body Material
Fig No: 7 Alloy Steel@75
Fig No: 8 Plastic@75
Fig No: 9 PEI@75
35
Fig No: 10 Alloy Steel@150
Fig No: 11 Plastic@150
Fig No: 12 PEI@150
Journal of Basic and Applied Engineering Research (JBAER)
Print ISSN: 2350-0077; Online ISSN: 2350-0255; Volume 1, Number 2; October, 2014
36
S. N. Ch. Dattu. V., N. Surya Kiran, B. Atcha Rao
Table No: 2 Results Summary
Nodal Points
Max
Min
Max
Min
Alloy Steel
0.317229
0.00131926
9658
139
Plastic
0.297715
0.00170703
7857
901
PEI
0.31642
0.00358896
15102
1091
Speed @
75 KMPH
Displacement in mm
Nodal Points
Max
Min
Max
Min
Alloy Steel
0.496801
0.00197348
9658
139
Plastic
0.452602
0.00265575
7857
3614
PEI
0.494451
0.00526361
15102
1091
Speed @
150 KMPH
Displacement in mm
Min
Max
Min
Alloy Steel
0.999592
0.00164684
12871
139
Plastic
0.916127
0.00573866
12191
7857
PEI
0.983933
0.00825451
15102
1091
Max Displacemnets in mm
Alloy Steel Material Max Displacements
0.999592
0.317229
1
0.8
150, 0.9161
27
75, 0.45260
2
0.6
0.4
48, 0.29771
5
0.2
0
0
50
100
150
200
Speeds in KMPH
Nodal Points
Max
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Max Displacements in mm
Displacement in mm
Graph No: 3 Maximum Displacements
Plastic Material Min Displacements
Min Displacements in mm
Speed @
48 KMPH
Plastic Material
Max Displacements
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0
0.496801
0.0057
0.0026
0.0017
0
50
100
150
200
Speeds in KMPH
0
50
100
150
200
Graph No: 4 Minimum Displacements
Speeds KMPH
PEI Material Max
Displacements
Min Displacements in mm
Alloy Steel Material Min Displacements
0.0025
0.002
0.001973
0.0015
0.001646
0.001319
0.001
0.0005
Max Dsplacement in mm
Graph No 1: Maximum Displacements
1.2
1
0.98
0.8
0.6
0.49
0.4
0.31
0.2
0
0
50
100
150
0
0
50
100
150
Speeds in KMPH
Graph No: 2 Minimum Displacements
200
Speeds in KMPH
Graph No: 5 Maximum Displacements
Journal of Basic and Applied Engineering Research (JBAER)
Print ISSN: 2350-0077; Online ISSN: 2350-0255; Volume 1, Number 2; October, 2014
200
Fea Analysis (Dynamic) on a Passenger Car Bumper Body Material
PEI Material Min Displacements
0.00825
Min Displacements in mm
0.009
0.008
0.007
0.00526
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.00358
0.002
0.001
0
0
50
100
150
200
Speeds in KMPH
Graph No: 6 Minimum Displacements
6. CONCLUSIONS
By observing the impact analysis results, the maximum &
minimum displacement values are less for PEI than steel and
plastic. By comparing the results of ABS Plastic and PEI, to
that of their yield stress values both the ABS plastic and PEI
can sustain impact. But since the weight of PEI is less when
compared to ABS plastic and also durability of the material is
higher than that of ABS plastic. So we can conclude that PEI
is the better material.
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Journal of Basic and Applied Engineering Research (JBAER)
Print ISSN: 2350-0077; Online ISSN: 2350-0255; Volume 1, Number 2; October, 2014