International Journal of Sport Studies.
ISSN (online) 2251-7502
Vol., 6 (1), 12-15, 2016
www.ijssjournal.com
Influence of electromyostimulation training with voluntary muscle
contractions on basal metabolic rate of sedentary women
Mustafa ÖZDAL (PhD)1*, Özgür BOSTANCI (PhD)2, Menderes KABADAYI (PhD)2, Fırat AKCAN,
(MSc)3
1- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Gaziantep University, Turkey
2- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey
3- MSc student, Coaching Education, Gaziantep University, Turkey
*Correspondence Author, Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Purpose of our study is to investigation of effect of electromyostimulation training with
voluntary muscle contractions (EMS) on basal metabolic rate (BMR) in sedentary women.
EMS training that was took 6 weeks (25 minutes/day, 3 day/week) was implemented on
sedentary women volunteers (n = 10) via EMS training device (Miha Bodytec, Augsburg,
Germany). The EMS electrodes placed to 16 region on whole body. 80 Hz stimulation
frequency was used all training units. After general warm-up, it was applied in the EMS
training that included weight lifting with 4 seconds stimulation/4 seconds non-stimulation
in first 10 minutes, and step-aerobic exercises with constant stimulation in second 10
minutes, and active cooling exercises with 1 second stimulation/1 second non-stimulation
in last 5 minutes. Bioelectrical impedance analyzer (Tanita BC418MA) was used for
determination of BMR. Measurements were practiced at one day before and after of
6-week EMS training program. Paired samples t-test was used for analysis of pre- and
post-tests. After EMS training program increment was found in BMR (pre-test: 1375.20 ±
228.33 kcal; post-test: 1392.20 ± 239.91 kcal), however there is no significance (p > 0.05).
As a result, it could be said that as a technologic method in exercise science, the EMS
training with voluntary muscle contractions may not be affect basal metabolic rate of
sedentary women.
Key Words: Exercise, Voluntary contractions, Electromyostimulation, Basal metabolic
rate
Introduction
The EMS is a time-saving, low-intensity exercise
program in fitness industry. EMS for whole-body
with voluntarily muscle contractions differs from
classical EMS that is passive and without
voluntarily muscle contraction. The EMS with
voluntarily muscle contractions aims fitness field,
while EMS without voluntarily contractions is used
for therapeutical field (1). The Ems devices can
stimulate all main muscle groups (i.e., up to an area
of 2,800 cm2) with slight movements and are thus
increasingly used within the health, beauty, and
fitness fields (2).
The basal metabolic rate is the energy required by
rested and post-absorptive body to maintain
physiological processes, and it comprises 60-75% of
daily energy expenditure (3, 4). The EMS was
investigated on muscle strength (5), body
composition (Kemmler et al., 2014), energy
expenditure (Kemmler et al., 2012), or on resting
metabolic rate in postmenopausal women (Kemmler
et al., 2010a), elders (Kemmler et al., 2010b), but
was not worked with sedentary healthy women (6, 7,
12
Intl. j. Sport Std. Vol., 6 (1), 12-15, 2016
8).
The aim of the present study was to examine the
effects of electromyostimulation training with
voluntarily muscle contractions on basal metabolic
rate of sedentary women.
Materials and Methods
Experimental Design
The present study was including 8-weeks training
program, and test-retest design in order to identify
effect of the EMS. The all subjects have visited three
times laboratory. During first visit, the subjects were
familiarized basal metabolic rate measurement and
the EMS training device. During second (pre-test)
and third visit (post-test), basal metabolic rate test
with bioelectrical impedance analyzer was applied
on the subjects. Between second and third visit,
8-week EMS exercise protocol applied on all the
subjects.
Subjects
Ten sedentary women (age = 30.50 ± 5.50 years,
height = 164.70 ± 4.72 cm) participated in the study
as subject. Nutrition advices were not given to the
subjects. The pregnant, the persons who was in first
12 months after giving birth, and the persons who
attached platinum anywhere on body were not
accepted of participation in the study. In addition,
EMS practice was not applied on the subjects during
first two days of the menstruation period.
Exercise Protocol
The EMS exercise program was implemented
during 8 weeks (3 days/week, 25 min/day) with
Miha Bodytec EMS device (Augsburg, Germany) as
following four steps;
1. 10 minutes general warm-up,
2. First 10 minutes of the EMS training, worked out
with the dumbbell lifting in intensity of 4 seconds
stimulation and 4 seconds rest,
3. Second 10 minutes of the EMS training, worked
out with the step-aerobic moves in intensity of
constant stimulation.
4. Last 5 minutes of the EMS training, applied active
cooling moves, in intensity of 1 second stimulation
and 1 second rest (6, 1).
The EMS electrodes were placed on 16 regions of
body. Electric current (current range 35-99 Hz) in 80
Hz frequency was used each training unit.
According to intensity of the subjects can tolerate,
current intensity was adjusted separately for the
each region of the body. The conductive gel was
used to improve electrical current transmission (7).
Data Collection Procedures
Height was measured in the anatomic position, and
without shoes. Weight, body mass index (BMI), and
basal metabolic rate (BMR) recorded with
bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BC418MA,
Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan). During the
measurement, the subjects put their foot on the metal
surface of the analyzer as barefoot, and they held the
hand electrodes with their hands. At this position,
they wait one minute, and after data were recorded
(9). The measurement was taken two times as one
day before and after 8-week exercise period.
Statistical Analyses:
All statistical calculations were performed using
SPSS version 22.0. Data were presented as mean,
and standard deviation. Shapiro-Wilk test was used
for normality. Paired Samples T test was applied for
analysis of difference between the pre- and post-test.
Statistical results were evaluated on p ≤ 0.05 as
significance level.
Results
The pre- and post-test results of the subjects were
presented in Table 1. Significant decrease (p < 0.05)
was observed in the weight, and BMI. There was no
significant difference in the BMR of all the subjects
between pre- and post-tests (p > 0.05). The weight
was recorded 64.23 ± 7.65 kg, and 61.43 ± 7.41 kg;
the BMI was observed 24.18 ± 2.56 kg/m2, and
22.66 ± 2.74 kg/m2; and the BMR was determined as
1375.20 ± 228.33 kcal, and 1392.20 ± 239.91 kcal in
the pre- and post-tests, respectively.
Table 1. Analysis of obtained data
Test
Mean ± SD
t
p
Pre-test
64.23 ± 7.65
Weight (kg)
7.519
0.001*
Post-test
61.43 ± 7.41
Pre-test
24.18 ± 2.56
BMI (kg/m2)
4.001
0.003*
Post-test
22.66 ± 2.74
Pre-test
1375.20 ± 228.33
BMR (kcal)
1.119
0.292
Post-test
1392.20 ± 239.91
*significant difference between pre- and post-test. BMI = body mass index, BMR = basal metabolic rate, SD =
standard deviation
Variable
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Intl. j. Sport Std. Vol., 6 (1), 12-15, 2016
Discussion and Conclusion
The effects of the EMS with voluntarily muscle
contractions on the BMR in sedentary women were
examined in the present study. Significant
decrements were not found in BMR, while weight
and body mass index showed significant decrement
in the present study.
Previous studies showed that the EMS with
voluntarily muscle contractions can affect weight
and body mass index (10, 6, and 11). From this
perspective, the findings of the present study
showed similarly with previous researches.
Researchers observed the effects of EMS on
jumping (5, 12, 13), strength (Deley et al., 2011;
Herrero et al., 2006; Maffiuletti et al., 2009), and
skill development (Billot et al., 2010; Hettinga and
Andrews, 2007) previously (14, 15, 16). But there
were no study about of EMS and basal metabolic
rate in sedentary women. Recent research showed
that the EMS was not affect BMR in
postmenopausal women (Kemmler et al., 2010a)
and elders (Kemmler et al., 2010b).
The BMR represents a key determinant of the
magnitude of fat-free mass, and change in basal
metabolic rate shows lean mass changes (17, 18). In
the present study, the BMR showed a small amount
of increment but there was no significant change.
The above knowledge may be explained why there
is no change in BMR.
In conclusion, in this group of sedentary women, the
EMS training with voluntarily muscle contractions
may not be affecting the BMR. There is a
requirement for further studies for the EMS and the
BMR in various age, gender, and trained groups.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest
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