Name
Class
CH AP TER
2
Date
STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY
Mapping Our World
SECTION
2.1
Latitude and Longitude
In your textbook, read about latitude and longitude.
Match the definition in Column A with the term in Column B.
Column A
Column B
1 . Science of mapmaking
a . pr ime mer id ian
2. Imaginar y line th at s epar ates E ar th into nor th er n
b . longitu d e
and s ou th er n h emis ph er es
c . car togr aph y
3 . D is tance in d egr ees nor th or s ou th of th e eq u ator
4 . D is tance in d egr ees eas t or w es t of th e pr ime
mer id ian
d . eq u ator
e . latitu d e
5 . R efer ence point for longitu d e th at pas s es th r ou gh
G r eenw ich , E ngland , and r epr es ents 0 °
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
I n the s p ace at the left, write true if the s tatement is true; if the s tatement is fals e,
chang e the italiciz ed word or p hras e to mak e it true.
6 . T h e eq u ator is located h alfw ay b etw een th e nor th pole and th e
p rim e m eridian.
7 . L ines of latitude r u n par allel to th e eq u ator.
8 . T h e eq u ator is at 1 8 0 ° latitu d e.
9 . T h e s ou th pole is at 9 0 ° s ou th longitude.
1 0 . O ne degree of latitu d e is eq u iv alent to ab ou t 1 1 1 km on E ar th ’s s u r face.
1 1 . E ach d egr ee of latitu d e is d iv id ed into 3 6 0 m inutes.
1 2. L ines of longitu d e ar e als o called m eridians.
1 3 . T h e pr ime mer id ian is th e r efer ence line for latitude.
1 4 . P oints eas t of th e pr ime mer id ian ar e located b etw een 0 ° and 1 8 0 °
eas t longitu d e.
1 5 . L ines of longitu d e ar e sem ic irc les th at ex tend fr om th e nor th pole
to th e s ou th pole.
1 6 . E ach d egr ee of longitu d e cor r es pond s to ab ou t 1 1 1 km at th e
north p ole.
1 7 . A ll mer id ians conv er ge at th e p oles.
Study Guide for Content Mastery
Chapter 2 Earth Science: Geology, the Environment, and the Universe
7
Name
Class
CHAPTER
SECTION
2.1
2
Date
STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY
Latitude and Longitude, c ontinued
In your textbook, read about locating places with coordinates.
Use the map grid to answer the following questions.
A
4 6 °0 1 'N
B
C
4 6 °0 0 'N
D
4 5 °5 9 'N
1 0 8 °4 6 'W 1 0 8 °4 5 'W 1 0 8 °4 4 'W 1 0 8 °4 3 'W
18. What is the latitude of point A?
19. Which two points have the same latitude? What is that latitude?
20. What is the longitude of point B ?
22. What are the coordinates of point C ?
In your textbook, read about time z ones.
Circle the letter of the choice that b est completes the statement or answers the question.
23. Into how many time z ones is Earth divided?
a. 12
b. 2 4
24. Approximately how wide is each time z one?
a. 15 °
b. 3 0°
c. 6 0
d. 3 6 0
c. 6 0°
d. 18 0°
25. The International Date Line is located at the
a. 0° line of latitude
b. 18 0° line of latitude
c. 0° meridian
d. 18 0° meridian
26. When you travel east across the International Date Line, you
a. advance your calendar one day
b. advance your calendar 12 hours
8
c. move your calendar back one day
d. move your calendar back 12 hours
Chapter 2 Earth Science: Geology, the Environment, and the Universe
Study Guide for Content Mastery
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
21. Which two points have the same longitude? What is that longitude?
Name
Class
2
CHAPTER
SECTION
2.2
Date
STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY
Types of Maps
In your textbook, read about Mercator, conic, and gnomonic projections.
Label each map projection as conic, g nom onic or M erca tor.
1.
gnomonic
3.
M e rca t or
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
2.
W rite the name of the map projection— M erca tor, conic, or g nom onic— for each
description.
4. Used as road and weather maps
5. H as parallel lines of latitude and longitude
6. M ade by projecting points and lines from a globe onto a piece of paper
that touches the globe at a single point
7. Distorts direction and distance between landmasses
8. Exaggerates the areas of landmasses near the poles, but correctly shows
their shape
9. M ade by projecting points and lines from a globe onto a cone
10. H as very little distortion in the areas or shapes of landmasses that fall
along a certain line of latitude
11. Used by navigators to plot great- circle routes
Study Guide for Content Mastery
Chapter 2 Earth Science: Geology, the Environment, and the Universe
9
Name
Class
CHAPTER
SECTION
2.2
2
Date
STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY
Types of Maps, continued
In your textbook, read about topographic maps and contour lines.
Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage.
contour interv al
contour lines
hachures
index contours
Maps that show changes in elevation of Earth’s surface are called (12)
topographic maps
. O n this
kind of map, points of equal elevation are connected by (13)
. The difference in
elevation between two side-by-side contour lines is called the (14)
. Contour
lines whose elevation is marked by a number on the map are known as (15)
Contour lines that indicate depressions have (16)
.
, or short lines at right angles
to the contour lines.
T he contour interv al on the map below is 2 0 m.
Use the contour map to answer the following questions.
50
0
A
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
B
500
400
C
D
E
17. Which of the labeled points on the map has the highest elevation?
18. What is the elevation of the highest labeled point?
19. Which of the labeled points on the map has the lowest elevation?
20. What is the elevation of the lowest labeled point?
10
Chapter 2 Earth Science: Geology, the Environment, and the Universe
Study Guide for Content Mastery
Name
Class
CHAPTER
SECTION
2.2
2
Date
STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY
Types of Maps, continued
In your textbook, read about map legends and map scales.
Use each of the terms below to complete the following statements.
fractional scale
graphic scale
21. A
map legend
map scale
verbal scale
explains what the symbols on a map represent.
22. To measure distances on a map, you need to use the
, of
which there are three types.
23. A
expresses distance as a statement, such as one centimeter
is equal to one kilometer.
24. A
consists of a line that represents a certain unit of
distance, such as 5 km.
25. A
expresses distance as a ratio, such as 1:63 500.
M a p L eg end
H ig h w a y 33
R a ilro a d
Airp o rt
Centerville
Ca m p g ro u nd
H ig h w a y 8
Da y
City
l l l l l
l
H ig h w a y 15
l
l
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The map and map legend below have been reduced to fit this space. Use the map and
the map legend to answer the following questions.
S k iing
O ak
H ills
1:100 000
1 cm 1 k m
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
26. Which city on the map is closest to a campground?
27. Which highway leads to a skiing area?
28. Which two cities are connected by a railroad?
29. Look at the verbal scale. If the distance from Centerville to Oak Hills is 10 km,
how far apart should these cities be on the map?
Study Guide for Content Mastery
Chapter 2 Earth Science: Geology, the Environment, and the Universe
11
Name
Class
CHAPTER
SECTION
2.3
2
Date
STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY
Remote Sensing
In your textbook, read about the electromagnetic spectrum.
Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. The arrangement of electromagnetic radiation is called
a. remote sensing
b. wave imaging
c. the radiation pattern
d. the electromagnetic spectrum
2. Which term describes the number of waves that pass a particular point each
second?
a. speed
b. frequency
c. wavelength
d. wave height
3. Which of the following is N OT a type of electromagnetic radiation?
a. X rays
b. ultraviolet waves
4. The speed of light in a vacuum is
a. 300 000 km/s
b. 300 km/s
c. ocean waves
d. microwaves
c. 300 m/s
d. 3 m/s
5. Which form of electromagnetic radiation has the highest frequency?
a. visible light
b. radio waves
c. gamma rays
d. infrared waves
6. Which form of electromagnetic radiation has the lowest frequency?
b. radio waves
c. gamma rays
d. infrared waves
In your textbook, read about L andsat satellites, the Topex/Poseidon satellite, and the G lobal P ositioning S ystem.
Write the name of the remote sensing device—Landsat, Topex/Poseidon, or G P S —
for each description.
7. Uses a system of 24 satellites that transmit microwaves
8. Uses radar to map features, such as mountains and valleys,
that are on the ocean floor
9. Uses a handheld receiver to help people determine their exact
position on Earth
10. Creates images that show surface features as different colors
11. Used for ship and airplane navigation
12. Picks up bulges and depressions in ocean water
12
Chapter 2 Earth Science: Geology, the Environment, and the Universe
Study Guide for Content Mastery
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
a. visible light