Monitoring corrosion of reinforced mortar using guided mechanical

Monitoring Corrosion of Reinforced Mortar
using Guided Mechanical Waves
Benjamin L. Ervin
Advisor: Dr. Henrique Reis
Department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering
University of Illinois at UrbanaUrbana-Champaign
What Causes Corrosion?
Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete
ƒ Metallic corrosion in U.S.
ƒ Number one infrastructure
estimated at $276 billion annually
durability problem affecting
ƒ Aesthetics
ƒ $22.6 billion estimated for
ƒ Serviceability
infrastructure
ƒ Safety
ƒ Highway bridges are 37% of
ƒ All geographic areas vulnerable
infrastructure, with majority
being reinforced concrete
Bridge collapse
ƒ Annual direct costs of reinforced
concrete bridge corrosion is
estimated at $4.2 billion
ƒ Indirect costs estimated at 10
times the direct costs
•
•
•
Chlorides and CO2 penetrate concrete,
primarily by diffusion
Chlorides break down oxide layer
CO2 reacts with concrete (carbonation)
• Lowers pH
• Destroys oxide layer
•
•
Chlorides present from:
• Deicing salts on roads
• Marine atmosphere
• Ground salts
• Admixtures (e.g.
accelerants)
CO2 is in atmosphere
Sea water
Road salt
Concrete carbonation at Wrigley Field
(Chicago, IL) resulted in spalling of
large concrete chunks in 2004
Corrosion Process
Guided Mechanical Waves
ƒ Combination of compressional and shear waves continually interacting
with boundaries to form a composite wave
ƒ Interface pressure affects amount of wave energy leaked into surrounding
concrete
ƒ Deleterious substances ingress to rebar
depth
ƒ Rust product builds at interface creating
pressure
ƒ Tensile hoop stresses created in concrete
cause cracking
ƒ Loss of cross-section and degradation of
concrete affect bond strength
Experimental Procedure
1. Accelerate corrosion (impressed
current) while monitoring using
guided waves
2. Convert wave energy to
attenuation
1
2
3. Conduct pullout test to find bond
strength
4. Form relationship between
attenuation of guided wave and
bond strength of corroded
specimen
1
Amplitude (Volts)
0.5
0
t1
4
3
E t = ∫ V ( t )2 dt
-0.5
t0
-1
200
300
400
Tim e (µs)
⎛E ⎞
Attenuatio n (dB ) = 10 * log ⎜⎜ o ⎟⎟
⎝ Et ⎠
500