Unit 3: Free energy and Cell energy use
Write your answers in your notebook (left side pages).
After reading pgs 148-156: (yes this is right)
Define the following terms:
Enzyme, Activation energy, Catalysis, Substrate, active site, enzyme cofactors, ATP, inhibitor.
Metabolism.
Answer the following questions:
1. Use figures 8.7 a and b to explain how catalysts lower activations energy.
2. Explain why catalyst don’t break the laws of thermodynamics.
3. Describe how enzymes work.
4. What do enzyme names usually end in?
5. Explain the relationship between metabolism and enzymes.
6. Draw figure 8.9 and explain each step.
7. What is a multienzyme complex and what are its advantages?
8. Are all biological catalysts proteins? Explain.
9. What are 3 factors that impact enzyme activity? Explain how each one affects enzymes.
10. How are coenzymes involved in oxidation-reduction reactions?
11. What does ATP stand for?
12. Draw an ATP molecule.
13. How does ATP store and release energy?
14. Contrast anabolism with catabolism.
15. What are biochemical pathways?
16. Describe the feedback mechanism that regulates biochemical pathways and explain
why they exist.
After reading pgs 160-177 & 182:
Define the following terms:
Autotroph, heterotroph, digestion, aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, fermentation, ATP
synthase, Glycolysis, Krebs cycle electron transport chain, Chemiosmosis, mitochondria,
crista, matrix
Answer the following questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is the chemical equation for respiration?
How do cells use ATP?
How does ATP drive endergonic reactions?
Explain how ATP synthase works and why it is important use figure 9.3 in your
explanation.
5. What is the purpose of glycolysis?
6. Summarize the 3 stages of Aerobic respiration.
7. Draw figure 9.5 and explain what it is.
8. Where do the different stages of respiration take place in the cell?
9. What role do NAD+ and NADH play in respiration?
10. Draw and explain figure 9.8.
11. Why does fermentation occur?
12. Why is glucose energy rich and how is it oxidized?
13. Explain relationship between NADH, reduction, and high energy electrons. ( fig 9.13
might help)
14. Summarize the information under the heading “following the elections”
15. Combine figures 9.15, 9.16 & 9.17 into one drawing and use it to explain the electron
transport chain and chemiosmosis.
16. Compare the yield of anaerobic to aerobic respiration and explain where the energy
comes from in each process (use fig 9.18).
17. Briefly summarize the evolution of metabolism and explain the connection to the “4 big
ideas” of this course.
After reading pgs 186-187, 189-191, & 196-202:
Define the following terms:
Photosynthesis, chloroplast, stoma, Granum, Stroma, absorption spectra, pigment, photon,
wavelength, carbon fixation
Answer the following questions:
1. What is the equation for photosynthesis?
2. Summarize the process of photosynthesis and include a diagram to show what stages
of the biochemical pathways occur where. Also include the roles of the molecules
involved in each stage. Use figures 10.12, 10.14, 10.15, and 10.16 to help you answer
this question.
3. Copy figure 10.4 and explain the relationship between energy & wavelength.
4. What photons contain the most energy?
5. What are the main pigments involved in photosynthesis and what are their roles?
6. What is the relationship between the absorption spectra and plant pigments?
7. Is the light we see the light that is reflected or absorbed? What color is Chlorophyll?
What color are carotenoids?
8. What are the similarities and differences between photosynthesis and respiration (Hint:
use figure 10.19 and the section titled “the energy cycle” on pg 202 to help you answer
this question)?