AlaskaPurchase
th
150 Anniversary
PartII
WhatdidtheU.S.looklikein1867?
MaidaBuckley
3/27/17
ChiesmanCenter
WhatdidtheU.S.looklikein1867?
•  Agenda
•  UnitedStatesToday
–  1.Yourvision
–  2.Frameworksthat
providehistorical
understanding
•  a.Timelines
•  b.AmericanDream
•  c.KeypoliPcalquesPons
–  3.Conclusions
•  a.BringingitbacktoAlaska
–Howpopularwasthe
purchase?
•  b.BestPicture?
3/27/17
ChiesmanCenter
WhatdidtheU.S.looklikein1867?
•  DrawyourversionoftheU.S.in1867
–  Maps/Cartoons/Landscapes/Other?
3/27/17
ChiesmanCenter
WhatdidtheU.S.looklikein1867?
•  DrawyourversionoftheU.S.in1867
•  Withyoutablepartners,sharesomeevents
thatyouthink/knowhappenedin1867.
3/27/17
ChiesmanCenter
Frameworks:HistoricalPerspecPve
•  “The past is
a foreign
country, they
do things
differently
there.”
•  L.P. H. Hartley
Presentism
• An overdose of the
present that poisons
our search for an
honest past.
WhatdidtheUSlooklikein1867?
WhatdidtheU.S.looklikein1867?
WhatdidtheUSlooklikein1867?
JamesInness’
LackawannaValley
3/27/17
RichmondVirginia–1867
ChiesmanCenter
WhatdidtheU.S.looklikein1867?
January-DecemberPmeline
December.MedicineLodgeTreaty
October
TransferofAlaska
September
OcuupaPononMidway
July
HarvardScholofDentalMedicine
May
FirstPoliPcalMayDay
March
NebraskaAdmi\edtoUnion
MilitaryReconstrucPonenacted
AlaskaPurchase
January–African-AmericanMen
grantedrighttovoteinDC
Roebling’sCincinnaPSuspension
Bridgeopens–longestspan
ChiesmanCenter
3/27/17
WhatdidtheU.S.looklikein1867?
•  HistoricalPerspecGves:Timeline
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
3/27/17
January–
–  African-AmericanMengrantedrighttovotein
DC
–  Roebling’sCincinnaPSuspensionBridgeopens
–longestspan
March–
–  Nebraskaadmi\edas37thState
–  MilitaryReconstrucPon
–  AlaskaPurchase
May
–  FirstPoliPcalMayDay
July
–  HarvardSchoolofDentalMedicine
September
–  OccupaPonofMidway
October
–  TransferofAlaska
December.
–  MedicineLodgeTreaty
ChiesmanCenter
WhatdidtheU.Slooklikein1867?
HistoricalPerspecPve:
TheAmericanDream–MythorReality?
–  PoliGcal–
•  MilitaryReconstrucPon/14th
amendment/PresidenPal
Impeachment/GrantElecPon/
MidwayOccupaPon
–  Social–
•  BlackCodes/TheFreedmen’sBureau/
KuKluxKlan/2millionimmigrants/
NormalSchools/MarkTwain
(CelebratedJumpingFrog...Victoria
Woodhull/Wyominggrantswomen
righttovote/SandCreekMassacre/
MedicineLodgeTreaPes
–  Economic–
•  AlaskaPurchase/TransconPnental
Railroad/ChineseImmigraPon/
Scandals!–TweedCreditMobilier,
GoldMarket/Rockefeller,Carnegie,
Vanderbilt,Co\on?/NaPonalLabor
Union/SuspensionBridge
3/27/17
ChiesmanCenter
WhatdidtheU.Slooklikein1867?
HistoricalPerspecPve:
TheAmericanDream–MythorReality?
(+)
(-)
–  PoliGcal–
•  MilitaryReconstrucPon/14th
amendment/GrantElecPon/Midway
OccupaPon/AlaskaPurchase
–  Social–
•  BlackCodes/TheFreedmen’sBureau/Ku
KluxKlan/2millionimmigrants/Normal
Schools/MarkTwain(Celebrated
JumpingFrog...VictoriaWoodhull/
Wyominggrantswomenrighttovote/
SandCreekMassacre/MedicineLodge
TreaPes
–  Economic–
•  PoliPcal
–  Impeachment/BlackCode
•  Social
–  KuKluxKlan/SandCreek
Massacre,MedicineLodge
TreaPes
•  Economic
•  AlaskaPurchase/TransconPnental
Railroad/ChineseImmigraPon/Scandals!
–TweedCreditMobilier,GoldMarket/
Rockefeller,Carnegie,Vanderbilt,
Co\on?/NaPonalLaborUnion/
SuspensionBridge
3/27/17
ChiesmanCenter
–  CreditMobilier,GoldMarket,
–  Southdevastated,NaPonal
LaborUnior
Reconstruction Era
1865-1877
•  Major Questions After
the Civil War
• 
How should the South be
rebuilt?
• 
How should the states that
seceded be brought back into
the Union?
• 
How should former slaves be
incorporated into the country as
freed men and women?
• 
Who should direct the process
of Reconstruction? President?
Congress? The Southern states
themselves?
PhotographofruinsinRichmond,Virginia,takenin1865
HistoricalPerspecPve:
MajorQuesPonsof1867
•  Who should direct
the process of
Reconstruction?
•  ThePlans
3/27/17
ChiesmanCenter
–  Lincoln’sPlan
–  Johnson’sPlan
–  SouthernPlan
–  Congress–2parts
Lincoln’sLegacy
•  1863–10percentpledge
loyalty
•  Wade-Davis–50percent
(pocket-veto)
•  Freedmen’sBureau1865-72–
GeneralHoward
–  Educates200,000
–  Nolanddistributed
3/27/17
•  PresidentLincoln’sSecond
InauguralAddress
•  “Withmalicetowardnone,
withcharityforall,with
firmnessintherightasGod
givesustoseetheright,letus
striveontofinishtheworkwe
arein,tobindupthenaPon's
wounds,tocareforhimwho
shallhavebornetheba\le
andforhiswidowandhis
orphan,todoallwhichmay
achieveandcherishajustand
lasPngpeaceamongourselves
andwithallnaPons.”
ChiesmanCenter
Johnson’sA\empt
•  RecognizesLincoln’s10
percentplan
–  Disenfranchiseswealthy
Confederates/pardons
–  Callforstate
convenPonsto:
•  Repealordinancesof
secession
•  RepudiateConfederate
debts
•  RaPfy13thAmendment
3/27/17
ChiesmanCenter
SouthernPlan
•  ReinstateConfederate
leaders
•  LouisianaBlackCodes
–  AlexanderStephensunder
indictmentfortreasons
refusedadmi\anceto
Congressin1865
–  4generals,5colonels
•  BlackCodes
–  CivilRightsNotallowedto
serveonjury
–  LaborContractsNovote
–  NorenPng
–  VagrancyPunishedfor
idleness
3/27/17
ChiesmanCenter
–  “Everynegroisrequiredto
beintheregularserviceof
somewhiteperson,or
formerowner,whoshall
beheldresponsibleforthe
conductofsaidnegro.But
saidemployerorformer
ownermaypermitsaid
negrotohirehisownPme
byspecialpermissionin
wriPng,whichpermission
shallnotextendoverseven
daysatanyonePme....”
CongressionalPlan
•  Part1
–  1866-67–10Percentwith14th
Amendment
–  BlackCodes
•  ElecPonof1866‘Roundthe
Circle
–  TheDebate:
–  JohnsonvStevens
•  Part2
–  1867–MilitaryReconstrucPon:
14thAmendment,black
suffrage,(eventually15th
Amendment
3/27/17
ChiesmanCenter
TheDebate:WasthePlantooradical?
•  JohnsonReading:
•  1.(Closereading)Whatreason
didAndrewJohnsongivefor
opposingfundingtohelpthe
freed
•  slaves?
•  2.(ContextualizaPon)Thefirst
Johnsondocumentisacampaign
speech.Howmightthis
•  influencewhathesays?
•  3.(Closereading)Whatweretwo
reasonswhyAndrewJohnson
opposedgivingAfrican
•  Americanstherighttovote?
3/27/17
•  StevensPassage:
•  1.(Closereading)Basedonthis
document,whatwerethree
policiesthattheRadical
•  Republicansproposedfor
ReconstrucPon?
•  2.(Context)Givenwhatwas
goingoninthecountryatthe
Pme,whymightDemocratshave
•  opposedtheseplans?
•  Andrew
ChiesmanCenter
ReturningtoAlaska
ManifestDesPny
3/27/17
ChiesmanCenter
HowPopularWastheAlaska
Purchase?
IndicaGonofUnpopularity
•  Treatyapproved27to12(one
morethan2/3)
•  Seward’sFolly/Seward’sIcebox
•  Nextpresident-UlyssesS.Grant
•  ReconstrucPon
•  ManifestDesPny
•  HeraldTribune:
– 
– 
– 
– 
3/27/17
FriendsofthePurchase
•  WesternStates
•  FriendshipwithRussian
•  FacilitateacquisiPonof
BriPshColumbia
•  Sen.Sumner
Non-ConPguousterritory
IndigenousPeople
BurdenofadministraPon
SecrePveTreaty
ChiesmanCenter
–  Asianmarkets
–  EconomicpotenPal
Conclusions:
WhatdidtheU.Slooklikein1867?
•  HowtolookatHistory?
•  WhatroledidtheCivilWarand
ReconstrucPonplayintheAlaskastory?
3/27/17
ChiesmanCenter