2 nd ESO. Natural Sciences
Unit 3: Matter
UNIT 3: MATTER. STATES OF MATTER.
Lesson summary
Vocabulary
Grammar
The lesson
sutednts:
Three states of matter.
Propieties
categorize
matter.
observed
three states
Content Objetives
to
of
If...
can and can´t for ability
Atoms and molecules.
aims
to
help
Learn that materials are
categorized into three states of
matter: solids, liquids and
gases.
Build an awareness of some
examples of solids, liquids and
gases.
Develop an understanding of
how some materials can
change states by being heated
or cooled.
Learn that materials are made
of atoms and molecules.
1.- BRAIN STORMING
How many states of matter exist?
Why reason matter can change of
state?
Do you know the kinetic theory?
Esteban Calvo Marín
Conditional.
Can or can´t for ability.
1
2 nd ESO. Natural Sciences
Unit 3: Matter
Work in pairs:
Circle the odd one out in each group. Give reasons for your choices.
Orange juice
Wood
Steel
Marble
Helium
Carbon dioxide
Oil
Water
oxygen
READING: States of matter.
The three states of matter:
Materials exist as either solids, liquids or gases. These are the three states of
matter. When we decide if a material is a solid, a liquid or a gas, we examine
three important properties: mass, volume and shape.
The mass of a material is the amount of matter it contains. The volume of a
material is the amount of spaces it occupies. The shape of a material is the form
it takes.
Solids: the mass, volume and shape of a solid can´t change. Some examples
of solids are ice, wood and marble.
Liquids: the mass and volume of a liquid can´t change, but liquid can change
their shape. Their shape depends on the container they are in. Some examples
of liquids are water, oil and orange juice.
Gases: The mass of a gas can´t change. The volume and shape of a gas can
change. They can change to fill the container they are in. Some examples of
gases are water vapour, carbon dioxide and helium.
Changing states:
Some materials can change state. For example, if ice (a solid) is heated, it
changes to water (a liquid). If water (a liquid) is heated, it changes to water
vapour (a gas). If water vapour (a gas) is cooled, it changes to water (a liquid). If
water (a liquid) is cooled, it changes to ice (a solid).
Esteban Calvo Marín
2
2 nd ESO. Natural Sciences
Unit 3: Matter
ACTIVITIES
1.- Read the text again. Write S for solids, L for liquids and G for gases.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
They are the three states of matter. S, L, G.
Their mass, volume and shape can´t change.
Their volume and shape can change.
They can change shape.
Their mass and volume can´t change, but their shape can change.
Oxygen, carbon dioxide and helium are examples.
Wood, marble and steel are examples.
Water, orange juice and oil are examples.
2.- Write the words in the puzzle. Find the hidden word.
3.- Complete the summary of changing states.
Solid
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
liquid
gas
mass
shape
volume
heated
cooled
water vapour
water
ice
If _________ is heated, it changes to_________.
If water is ________, it changes to water vapour.
Water vapour is a _______, so the _________ can´t change.
If ___________ is cooled, it changes to water.
Water is a _______, so the _________ can change.
If water is__________, it changes to ice.
Ice is a ____________, son the mass, _________ and shape can´t
change.
Esteban Calvo Marín
3
2 nd ESO. Natural Sciences
Unit 3: Matter
BUILD YOUR OWN GLOSSARY
always
amount
carbon dioxide
change
contain
container
cooled
decide
depend on
either…or
examples
exist
fill
form
gases
heated
helium
ice
important
liquids
marble
mass
material
matter
number
occupy
oil
orange juice
oxygen
properties
shape
states of matter
steel
take (form)
volume
water
water vapour
wood
LISTENING. (the matter song)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C33WdI64FiY
Grammar Focus.
Conditional
If…
Can and can´t for ability
Some materials can change state.
If water vapour is cooled, it changes Liquids can change their shape.
to water.
If water is cooled, it changes to ice.
The mass and volume of a liquid can´t
If water is heated, it changes to water change.
vapour.
Esteban Calvo Marín
4
2 nd ESO. Natural Sciences
Unit 3: Matter
READING: ATOMS.
Twenty five centuries ago the Ancient Greeks were already asking questions
about what the matter that surrounds us is made of. Some said that it was made
of tiny particles that they called atoms, a Greek word that means invisible. The
Ancient Greeks thought that the atom was the smallest particle or matter that
could exist.
Until the end of the 19th century, people thought that the atom was the smallest
particle of matter that could exist.
However, after 1897, smaller particles with surprising properties were
discovered: electrons (have negative
electric charge), protons (have positive
electric charge) and neutrons (have no
electric charge. They are neutral).
Atoms are made up of a nucleus, which
contains protons and neutrons, and a
shell, which contains electrons that are
continuously moving around the nucleus.
Usually, the matter around us is electrically
neutral: that is why we don´t get an electric
shock every time we touch something. So,
we can say that atoms are electrically
neutral: the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons, and the
positive and negative charges balance out
overall.
How is atoms organized in matter?
Atoms are grouped is molecules. The
molecules are made up of different types of
matter. For example, water (H2O) is a
compound. Each water molecule is made
up of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen
atoms. Another example, salt (NaCl) is
made up of one sodium atom, and one
chlorine atom.
Esteban Calvo Marín
5
2 nd ESO. Natural Sciences
Unit 3: Matter
ASSESSMENT
1.- What changes in each of the cases below: mass, volume, shape or nothing?
You can use more than one answer for each case.
a) When we pour water from a bottle into a jug.
b) When we push gas from a small cylinder into
a big balloon.
c) When we put a gold bar into a box.
2.- Look at the pictures:
3.- Match the changes of state with their names:
4.- Are the following statements true or false? Explain your answers.
a) Any substance can be found in any of the three main states of matter
(solid, liquid or gas).
b) If 100 g of a gas occupies the whole of a container, 50 g of the same gas
will occupy half of the container.
c) Matter is formed by particles that are always moving.
d) When we compress a gas, its particles get smaller.
Esteban Calvo Marín
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2 nd ESO. Natural Sciences
Unit 3: Matter
e) The fourth state of matter is called plasma.
5.- How does kinetic theory explain the transformation from liquid to gas? And
from liquid to solid?
http://fisquimed.wordpress.com
Esteban Calvo Marín
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