Unit 5
Absolutism to Revolution, 1500-1900
Chapter 22-Enlightenment and Revolution, 1550-1789
1. Define each term and briefly explain its connection to the age of absolutism and
revolution between 1300 and 1700.
a. geocentric theory
g. philosophe
b. Scientific Revolution
h. salon
c. heliocentric theory
i. baroque
d. scientific method
j. neoclassical
e. Enlightenment
k. enlightened despot
f. social contract
2. According to Ptolemy what was the earth’s
position in the universe? Why?
3. Identify Galileo Galilei and explain why his
ideas conflicted with Catholic Church
doctrine.
4. How did Copernicus’s view differ from
Ptolemy and the Church? Why?
5. Identify the basic philosophy of Francis
Bacon and Rene Descartes. How did
Descartes approach differ from Bacon?
6. Describe how the scientific method changed from the traditional/old approach during
the middle ages to the new approach in the Enlightenment.
7. List and explain the four steps of the scientific method
8. List four new instruments that came into use during the Scientific Revolution? Describe
the function of each.
9. Describe the basic philosophy of both
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. How did
they differ?
10. List and explain five concepts that
formed the core beliefs of the philosophes.
11. Describe one thing
Montesquieu admired about
the government of Britain
and explain ways it was an
advantage.
12. Describe the philosophy of Jean-Jacque Rousseau.
13. Explain two ways the Enlightenment increased the status of women in society.
14. Name two ways the Enlightenment lead to a more secular outlook in society.
15. List three developments in the arts during the
Enlightenment.
16. List five reforms made by the enlightened
despot’s during the time period.