Name
Class
Chapter 3 The Biosphere
Date
Section Review 3-1
Reviewing Key Concepts
Matching On the lines provided, write the letter of the term on the right that
best matches each description.
1. groups of individuals that belong to the same
species and live together
b. biosphere
2. different populations that live in a defined area
c. ecosystem
3. all organisms in an area, including the non-living
parts of their environment
d. biome
4. a geographical region containing several
ecosystems with the same climate and communities
a. population
e. community
5. the combined portions of the planet in which all
life exists
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
6. In what way is observation important in ecological inquiry?
7. Why do scientists use experimenting as a method of research?
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8. How is modeling helpful to scientists?
Reviewing Key Skills
9. Applying Concepts Explain the relationship between interactions
and interdependence.
10. Comparing and Contrasting Observing and experimenting are two
ways that ecologists can answer scientific questions. What are some
differences between these two approaches?
Teaching Resources /Chapter 3
29
Name
Class
Date
Chapter 3 The Biosphere
Section Review 3-2
Reviewing Key Concepts
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
1. What is the main source of energy for life on Earth?
2. From what other source can organisms draw energy?
3. Describe the one-way path of energy through an ecosystem.
4. About how much of the energy within any level of a food chain is
available to the next level?
Reviewing Key Skills
Interpreting Graphics
Small fish
Zooplankton
Squid
Shark
Algae
5. Name the producer(s) in the food chain.
7. Applying Concepts Explain how autotrophs are producers.
8. Comparing and Contrasting Compare and contrast the following
types of consumers: herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores.
9. Comparing and Contrasting How does a food chain differ from a food web?
10. Calculating If producers in an energy pyramid produce ten million
Calories of energy, how many Calories of energy would be available
at the fourth trophic level?
30
Teaching Resources /Chapter 3
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6. Name the consumer(s) in the food chain.
Name
Class
Chapter 3 The Biosphere
Date
Section Review 3-3
Reviewing Key Concepts
Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.
1. How are the flow of matter and the flow of energy through
ecosystems different?
2. Describe how nutrients are passed between organisms and the
environment.
Reviewing Key Skills
3. Applying Concepts What role does the land have in the water cycle?
4. Inferring What are the main sources of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
5. Predicting What would happen if the bacteria that cause
denitrification were removed from the nitrogen cycle?
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6. Inferring What is the importance of nitrogen fixation?
7. Applying Concepts How are bacteria important to the nitrogen cycle?
8. Comparing and Contrasting How does organic phosphate move
through a food web?
9. Comparing and Contrasting What is one way that the phosphorus
cycle differs from the carbon and nitrogen cycles?
10. Comparing and Contrasting Compare the typical limiting nutrient
in saltwater and freshwater environments.
Teaching Resources /Chapter 3
31
Name
Class
Chapter 3 The Biosphere
Date
Chapter Vocabulary Review
Short Answer On the lines provided, define the following terms.
1. ecology
2. biosphere
3. species
4. community
5. biome
6. autotroph
Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the phrase or term
that best answers each question.
7. What are the products of photosynthesis?
a. water and energy
c. water and sugars
b. carbon dioxide and carbohydrates
d. oxygen and carbohydrates
8. What process does the illustration below show?
a. photosynthesis
c. chemosynthesis
b. evaporation
d. transpiration
Bacterial Cell
Sulfur +
compounds
Energy
9. Which of the following types of organisms obtain
energy by eating only plants?
a. producers
c. omnivores
b. herbivores
d. carnivores
10. Which of the following types of heterotrophs eat other
animals?
a. omnivores and carnivores
c. carnivores only
b. herbivores and omnivores
d. carnivores and herbivores
32
Teaching Resources /Chapter 3
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Hydrogen
+ Oxygen
sulfide
Name
Class
Date
11. What are organisms that feed on plant and animal
remains and other dead matter called?
a. decomposers
c. detritivores
b. omnivores
d. herbivores
12. Which of the following types of heterotrophs would
bacteria and fungi be classified as?
a. detritivores
c. carnivores
b. herbivores
d. decomposers
13. What is the one-way flow of energy in an ecosystem called?
a. a food chain
c. a food web
b. an energy pyramid
d. a biomass pyramid
14. What links all the food chains in an ecosystem
together?
a. trophic levels
c. a food web
b. an energy pyramid
d. a biomass pyramid
15. What is each step in a food chain or food web called?
a. a trophic level
c. an ecological pyramid
b. a biomass
d. a limiting level
16. What pyramid represents the amount of energy or
matter that exists in each level of a food web?
a. a food pyramid
c. an ecosystem pyramid
b. an ecological pyramid
d. a food web pyramid
17. What is the total amount of living tissue within a
given trophic level called?
a. biomass
c. biome
b. limiting nutrient
d. nutrient
Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.
18. Molecules are passed around again and again within the biosphere
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in
cycles.
19. The process by which water changes from liquid form to an
atmospheric gas is called
.
20. During
, water enters the atmosphere by
evaporating from the leaves of plants.
21. A chemical substance that an organism requires to live is called a(an)
.
22. The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia is a process
called
.
23. The conversion of nitrates into nitrogen gas is called
.
24. The rate at which organic matter is created by producers or
consumers is called
.
25. A nutrient that is scarce or cycles slowly through an ecosystem is
called a(an)
Teaching Resources /Chapter 3
.
33
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Chapter 3 The Biosphere
Date ______________
Chapter Test A
Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on
the line provided.
____ 1. Which of the following descriptions about the organization of
an ecosystem is correct?
a. Communities make up species, which make up
populations.
b. Populations make up species, which make up communities.
c. Species make up communities, which make up populations.
d. Species are grouped in populations, which make up
communities.
____ 2. The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in
the biosphere is a(an)
a. population.
c. ecosystem.
b. community.
d. species.
____ 3. Which ecological inquiry method is an ecologist using when
he or she enters an area periodically to count the population
numbers of a certain species?
a. questioning
c. experimenting
b. observing
d. modeling
Small fishes
Zooplankton
Squid
Algae
Shark
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Figure 3-1
____4.The algae at the beginning of the food chain in Figure 3-1 are
a. consumers.
c. producers.
b. decomposers.
d. heterotrophs.
____ 5. An organism that uses energy to produce its own food supply
from inorganic compounds is called a(an)
a. heterotroph.
c. detritivore.
b. consumer.
d. autotroph.
____ 6. Which of the following organisms does NOT require sunlight
to live?
a. chemosynthetic bacteria
b. algae
c. trees
d. photosynthetic bacteria
Chapter 3 Test A 37
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
____ 7. The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level
is called the
a. organic mass.
c. energy mass.
b. trophic mass.
d. biomass.
____ 8. What animals eat both producers and consumers?
a. herbivores
c. chemotrophs
Owl
b. omnivores
d. autotrophs
____ 9. A snake that eats a frog that has eaten
an insect that fed on a plant is a
a. first-level producer.
b. first-level consumer.
c. second-level producer.
d. third-level consumer.
Tree shrews
Insects
____10. The trophic levels in Figure 3-2 illustrate
Tree
a. the relative amount of energy.
b. the amount of living organic matter.
c. the relative number of individual organisms.
d. that producers outnumber first-level consumers.
Figure 3-2
____11. Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be
passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining energy,
some is used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest is
a. used in reproduction.
b. stored as body tissue.
c. stored as fat.
d. eliminated as heat.
____12. What is the process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in
the air to ammonia?
a. nitrogen fixation
c. decomposition
b. excretion
d. denitrification
____14. The movements of energy and nutrients through living
systems are different because
a. energy flows in one direction and nutrients recycle.
b. energy is limited in the biosphere and nutrients are always
available.
c. nutrients flow in one direction and energy recycles.
d. energy forms chemical compounds and nutrients are lost as
heat.
38
Chapter 3 Test A
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____13. Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following
processes EXCEPT
a. photosynthesis.
c. respiration.
b. transpiration.
d. decomposition.
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
____15. Which is most likely to be a limiting nutrient in a freshwater
pond?
a. phosphorus
c. carbon
b. nitrogen
d. potassium
Completion
Complete each statement on the line provided.
16. Autotrophs capture energy from sunlight or ___________________ to produce food.
17. Organisms that break down organic matter and return it to the environment are called
___________________ .
Small fishes
Zooplankton
Squid
Algae
Shark
Figure 3-3
18. Of the organisms represented in Figure 3-3, the organisms in the oceans with the
smallest total biomass are most likely the ___________________ .
19. Water can enter the atmosphere through the processes of evaporation and
___________________ .
20. Living organisms require nitrogen to make ___________________ , which are used to
build proteins.
Short Answer
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided.
21. Describe the role of algae in ocean food chains.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 3 Test A 39
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
22. Describe the flow of energy among the following members of an
ecosystem: decomposers, autotrophs, heterotrophs, and the sun.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
23. Describe the flow of energy to the owl in Figure 3-4 if the tree
provides 1500 calories of energy to the insects.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
24. What is the most likely explanation for why Figure 3-4 shows only
one organism at its base? In what way would an energy diagram
be different?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
25. Explain how seepage and transpiration in Figure 3-5 are related.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Condensation
Precipitation
Transpiration
Insects
Evaporation
Ocean
Figure 3-5
40
Chapter 3 Test A
Lake
Seepage
Uptake
Ground water
Tree
Figure 3-4
ff
no
Ru
Ru
no
ff
Tree shrews
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Owl
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
Using Science Skills
Use the diagrams below to answer the following questions on the lines
provided.
5 g/m2
s
Bass
Birds
10,000 kcal
100 kcal
27 g/m2
Fish and other carnivores
Ants and spiders
1000 kcal
104 g/m2
Insects, small fish, and snails
Insects and worms
10,000 kcal
900 g/m2
Eelgrass
Bluegrass
I
II
Figure 3-6
26. Predicting How might a large omnivore change the flow of
energy in Figure 3-6, diagram II?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
27. Inferring If a limiting nutrient is supplied to the producers in
Figure 3-6, diagram II, what effect could it have on the birds?
_________________________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
28. Interpreting Graphics How many kilocalories (kcal) can the top
carnivore in Figure 3-6, diagram I, store? Explain.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
29. Applying Concepts What three scientific approaches do
ecologists use to explain complex relationships, such as in the
energy pyramid in Figure 3-6?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 3 Test A 41
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
30. Applying Concepts Describe how chemosynthesis could
contribute to the energy represented by Figure 3-6, diagram I.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Essay
Write the answer to each question in the space provided.
31. Describe the two sources of energy that fuel life on Earth.
32. How does a food web differ from a food chain?
33. Describe the three types of ecological pyramids.
35. How might a large input of phosphorus affect a freshwater lake
over time?
42 Chapter 3 Test A
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34. Describe the roles of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle.