Body in Action
Homework Booklet
18/11/2011
Hyndland Secondary School
Biology Department
Body in Action
Homework and Question Booklet1
Body in Action (a) Movement ................................................................................................. 2
Skeleton ................................................................................................................... 2
Joints ....................................................................................................................... 3
Body in Action (b) – The need for Energy ............................................................................ 5
Heart ........................................................................................................................ 5
Lungs ....................................................................................................................... 7
Blood ....................................................................................................................... 9
Problem Solving ..................................................................................................... 10
Body in Action (c) Co-ordination ........................................................................................... 14
Eyes & Ears ........................................................................................................... 14
Brain & reflexes ..................................................................................................... 18
Body in Action (d) Changing Levels of Performance ......................................................... 19
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This booklet is available online from the Hyndland Secondary School website. Any grids for graphs are also
available on the site should you wish them for practice. There is also a handy hints booklet which will help you
should you get stuck, where appropriate this booklet also includes links to websites giving a more general help with
the section. Answers booklet will also be made available when the section has been completed in class.
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Body in Action
Homework Booklet
18/11/2011
Body in Action (a) Movement
Marks
Skeleton
1.
State the three functions of the skeleton.
2.
Name four organs that the skeleton protects.
3.
The diagram below represents a human skeleton.
(1)
G
(1)
a) Name the parts of the body which are
protected by the parts labelled X. Y and Z.
b) A bone is soaked in dilute acid for several days.
It becomes flexible because it still contains
elastic fibres. What part of the bone has been
removed by the acid?
4.
(1)
(1)
The information in the boxes below refers to parts of the skeleton and organs of
Gthe body.
Copy and complete the diagram to match the organs with the parts of the skeleton
which protects them.
.
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(1)
Body in Action
Homework Booklet
18/11/2011
Joints
5.
.
Describe the range of movement allowed by a hinge joint and give an example of a
hinge joint.
6.
Describe the range of movement allowed by a ball and socket joint and
an example of a ball and socket joint.
7.
Describe the function of a ligament.
8.
Describe the function of the cartilage.
9.
What two substances is bone composed of?
10
Describe the function of a tendon.
11.
Explain why tendons are inelastic.
(1)
(1)
give
(1)
(1)
12. Explain the need for a pair of opposing muscles at a joint.
13.
The diagram opposite represents the
bones and muscles of the human arm.
Describe the state of Each of the two
labelled muscles when the arm is moved
in the direction shown.
G shows a model
14. The diagram opposite
of the human leg in a resting position
and the other in a different position.
Which two muscles contracted to
bring about the changes from rest to
the new position? Use the letters to
answer the question
.
(1)
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Body in Action
Homework Booklet
15. The diagram below shows a ball and socket joint in the human body.
a) Where might you find a ball and
socket joint in the human body?
b) Describe the function of the
following parts of the joint
(i)
Cartilage
(ii)
Ligaments
(iii) Synovial membrane.
c) Predict the effect damaged
cartilage would have on the
individual.
18/11/2011
G
C
16. Decide if each of the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. In your answer,
write TRUE or FALSE. Where you choose FALSE, rewrite the sentence replacing
the underlined word or words with the correct word or words.
a) A hinge joint allows movement in every direction.
b) Ligaments attach muscle to bone
c) Cartilage reduces friction at a joint.
17. The diagram below shows some structures in the human leg.
(1)
(1)
a) Copy and complete the two tables using letters from the diagram.
b) What type of joint is shown at Joint X?
c) Describe the range of movement which joint X would allow.
18. Copy the following sentence and choose the correct option to complete it.
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(1)
Body in Action
Homework Booklet
18/11/2011
Body in Action (b) – The need for Energy
GHeart
19.
Describe the structure and function of the following blood vessels:
a. Artery
b. Capillary
c. Vein
20.
Which blood vessel supplies the heart with blood?
21.
Name the four chambers of the heart.
22.
Describe the passage of blood through the body, starting and finishing with
the vena cava.
23.
State the location of the valves in the heart.
24.
Which side of the heart has a thicker muscular wall and why?
25.
The
diagram
opposite
shows some structures of
the human heart.
G
a) Name chambers A
and C.
b) Using the letters A,
B, C & D write the
order which the
blood flows through
the heart.
c) Describe
the
function of heart valves.
d) Why is the wall of heart chamber C thicker that of chamber D?
Which of the following shows the correct order in which blood flows through
the heart? Choose the correct letter.
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Body in Action
26.
Homework Booklet
18/11/2011
The diagram below shows some structures of the human heart.
a) Which of the blood vessels A, B or C carries oxygenated blood and
which carries deoxygenated blood?
b) Name the blood vessel which supplies the heart with blood.
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Body in Action
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Lungs
27. During respiration which gas is taken in and which gas is released?
28. Describe the passage of air from the nose to the air sacs.
29. Explain the function of the following in the trachea and bronchi:
a. Cilia
b. Cartilage
c. Mucus
30. Use the following words to describe gas exchange between air sacs
and the surrounding blood vessels:
diffusion, high concentration, low concentration
31.
Describe the features of the lungs that make them efficient at gas
C
exchange.
32. The diagram below represents the thorax in the human.
(a)
(b)
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33. The diagram below shows part of the human breathing system.
C
a) Identify by letter and then name two muscular structures which
bring about changes in lung volume.
b) Identify the trachea from the diagram.
c) The trachea contains cartilage and cilia. Explain the difficulties a
person would experience if there was no cartilage or cilia in the
trachea.
34. Copy and complete the sentence below, choosing the correct option in each
case.
35. The table below contains terms relating to the breathing system.
a) Identify a substance important in trapping dust particles.
b) Identify a structure which allows the diffusion of gases.
c) Identify two structures involved in changing lung pressure.
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Blood
36. Describe the function of red blood cells.
37. Describe the function of the plasma.
38. Explain the role of haemoglobin in oxygen transport.
39. Describe gas exchange between the body cells and surrounding capillaries.
40. Describe the features of the capillary network that makes them efficient
at gas exchange.
41.
G
The following sentences describe the transport of gases in the blood to
muscles. Use word or phrases from the list to copy and complete the
sentences. You may use each word or phrase, once, more than once or not at
all.
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Body in Action
Homework Booklet
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Problem Solving
41.
Read the passage below carefully and answer the questions, based on the
passage which follows.
a) Give one reason, mentioned in the passage why seals need to remain
submerged for unusually long periods.
b) Describe two diving adaptations of the Weddell seal.
c) The passage names myoglobin as an oxygen storing protein found in
muscles. Name the protein, found in red blood cells, which
transports oxygen.
d) Using the information in the passage copy and complete the table.
e) Calculate the ratio of oxygen stored in the lung capillaries of humans
to that stored in the lung capillaries of the seal.
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Body in Action
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42. An investigation was carried out into the effect of increasing the carbon
dioxide concentration in the air on a person’s breathing.
.
The graph below shows how increasing the percentage of carbon dioxide in
the air affects the volume of air inhaled each minute.
a) By how much does the volume of air inhaled per minute change when
the carbon dioxide concentration is increased from 1% to 6%?
b) Compare the effects on the volume of air inhaled per minute, when
the carbon dioxide concentration in the air is increased from 0% - 4%
with the change when it is increased from 4% - 8%.
c) Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide entering the lungs per minute
when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is 7%.
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Body in Action
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43. The graph below shows the effect on breathing rate and pulse rate of
exercise in one individual.
a)
b)
c)
d)
What is the breathing rate before exercise?
What is the pulse rate before exercise?
What was the maximum breathing rate recorded?
Using the information in the graph, choose the correct conclusion
from the choices below. Copy it into your jotter.
44. The table below shows the changes in the volume of blood circulating in a
number of parts of the body before and during exercise.
a) How many times greater is the flow of blood through the heart
muscle greater during exercise than that during rest? What about
for the muscles attached to the skeleton?
b) Calculate the percentage decrease in blood flow to the muscles of
the gut as a result of exercise.
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Body in Action
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18/11/2011
45. Study the table below which refers to blood cells.
Use the information provided to answer the questions which follow.
.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Which are the largest cells?
Which cells are present in the greatest numbers?
Apart from bone marrow where are blood cells made?
How do blood cells fight infection?
Which cells need iron in their manufacture?
Which substance is essential for blood clot formation?
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Body in Action
Homework Booklet
18/11/2011
Body in Action (c) Co-ordination
Eyes & Ears
46. Why are two eyes better then one?
47. State the function of each of the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Cornea
Iris
Lens
Retina
Optic Nerve
48. Why are two ears better than one?
49. State the function of each of the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Ear drum
Middle Ear Bones
Cochlea
Auditory Nerve
Semi-circular Canals
50. Explain how the arrangement of the semi-circular canals is related to their
function.
51.
Copy and complete the sentence below, using words from the list to complete
the sentence.
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Body in Action
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18/11/2011
52. The diagram below shows some of the structures in the human eye. Five
of the structures are arrowed.
D
A
B
E
C
a) The list below gives structures and functions of some parts of the
eye. Construct a table and complete it to match the correct letter
with function or structure in the list.
List
Optic Nerve
Iris
Converts light energy to electrical impulses
Changes shape and focuses light onto the back of the eye
The retina of the eye contains two types of light sensitive cells – rods
and cones. The diagram below shows the arrangement of these cells in a
part of the retina.
a) What is the main difference in the way that rod cells and cone
cells are connected to nerve cells?
b) State one function of nerves.
c) The eyes of whales are placed far back at the side of the head.
What is the disadvantage of the fact that they cannot see objects
with both eyes at the same time?
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C Body in Action
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53. The diagram below shows some structures in the human ear.
C
a) Copy and complete the table below.
b) What can you judge more accurately when using two ears instead
of one?
54. The diagram shows the semi-circular canals from the human ear. The
canal detects movements of the head.
Describe the arrangement of the semi-circular canals and describe how
this arrangement helps to detect head movements.
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Body in Action
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G
55. The diagram shows an investigation into hearing, carried out by four
pupils. Each pupil sat in a room surrounded by loudspeakers placed all
around.
A beep was played from each of the loudspeakers in a random order. The
pupil was asked to point in the direction of the loudspeaker which made
the sound. A record was made showing if the direction indicated was
correct. Each pupils was tested twice, with one ear uncovered, then a
second time with both ears uncovered.
The results are shown in the table below.
a) What was the aim of this investigation?
b) From the data what conclusion can be drawn?
c) Suggest two variables which would need to be kept constant in
order that the conclusion was valid?
d) Calculate the ratio of correct to incorrect responses for pupil A
with both ears uncovered.
e) The total number of beeps when the pupil had both ears uncovered
was 48. Calculate the percentage of beeps for which the correct
direction was indicated.
f) Explain why 4 pupils were tested rather than one.
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Brain & reflexes
55. What three parts is the nervous system composed of?
56. What is the role of the nerves?
57. Describe what is meant by a reflex action.
58. Explain how a reflex action works (using a reflex arc).
59. What is the role of the CNS?
60. Describe the function of each of the following:
a. Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum
c. Medulla
61.
C
The diagram shows a side view of the brain.
C
62. Copy and complete the table to name parts A and B, giving one function
of each.
63. Which of the following are reflex responses?
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Body in Action (d) Changing Levels of Performance
64
Repeated use of a muscle can lead to what?
65
Why does this happen?
66
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?
67
Pulse rate and breathing rate increase with exercise, explain why.
68
In terms of breathing rate, pulse rate and lactic acid levels, compare an
athlete with an untrained person.
69
What is meant by recovery time?
70
Why is training beneficial to the body?
80
As a person becomes fitter, what happens to their recovery time?
81
What effect does training have on recovery time?
82
The graph below shows the effect of a training program on the number of
blood capillaries in the heart muscle of an athlete.
C
a) Describe the relationship between the distance run per week and the
number of capillaries in the heart muscle.
b) What was the percentage increase in the number of capillaries per mm3
of heart muscle when the distance run per week was increased from
50km to 100 km per week?
c) Training increases the efficiency of the heart.
d) Explain how an increased number of capillaries in the heart muscle
contributes to efficiency.
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