Governing British North
America
–
™ Treaty of Paris 1763
–  signed control of New France to Britain
™ New France renamed the “Province of Quebec”
™ French-Canadiens and British mistrusted each other
™ Governor James Murray feared uprising
–  1500 British soldiers to 70,000 Canadiens
The Ohio Valley
–
™ Major fighting between First Nations and British
™ First Nations not consulted about the Treaty of Paris
™ British occupied French forts to take control of the
Fur Trade
™ British distributed smallpox-infested blankets to two
communities
Pontiac’s Resistance
–
™ From 1762-1763, took control of 9 of the 12 forts
northwest of the Thirteen Colonies
™ Negotiations took place until 1766
™ Pontiac allowed the British to take back their forts
™ First Nations hunting grounds protected from
settlement
™ British could not take over First Nations land
Royal Proclamation 1763
–
™ Created clear boundary between British colonies and
lands reserved for First Nations
™ Hoped to avoid conflict by separating them
™ Colonists couldn’t cross the Proclamation Line
™ Britain hoped blocking westward settlement would
encourage increased English settlement in Quebec
–
Effects of the Royal
Proclamation
–
™ First Civil (not military) government since 1759
™ Roman Catholics could not hold office
™ French-speaking religious and land-holding elites
felt threatened
The Quebec Act 1774
–
™ Revoked the Royal Proclamation
–  enlarged Quebec’s territory to include the Ohio Valley
™ Guaranteed French language rights
™ Allowed Roman Catholics to hold office
™ Set precedent of Quebec’s unique status in the British
Empire
–
Discontent in the
Thirteen Colonies
–
™ British enacted taxes to help pay for
–  Seven Years War
–  Pontiac’s resistance
–  keeping British soldiers in North America
™ Quebec Act blocked their ability to expand westward
™ Denied them their right to an elected assembly
The American War of
Independence
–
™ In 1774, 12 of the 13 colonies met at the First
Continental Congress
™ Agreed to boycott British trade until their petition
was addressed
™ Armed clashes with soldiers in 1775
™ On July 4, 1776, at the Second Continental Congress,
the rebels drafted the Declaration of Independence
™ The American War of Independence had begun…
–
Canadien Loyalty
–
™ The American rebels hoped the Canadiens would
support their cause
™ Britain hoped the Quebec Act had sufficiently
appeased them
™ Church leaders supported the British and
encouraged their congregations to side with them
against the Yankee rebels
™ When American rebels attacked Quebec City and
Montreal in 1775, most Canadiens remained
indifferent and neutral
Treaty of Paris 1783
–
™ Officially ended the American War of Independence
™ Too expensive for Britain
™ Told to end the war at any price
™ Most outcomes supported American goals
–
Reflection
–
™ The American War of Independence is sometimes
called the American Revolution, and the “rebels”
who supported the war against Britain are
sometimes called “patriots.” What is the difference
between each term? What does the difference teach
you about perspectives in this war and others?
™ Summarize the major causes and consequences of
the Quebec Act of 1774