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To learn and discuss the relevant terminology
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To describe the phases of colonialism
To describe the phases of colonialism
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To discuss the legacies of colonialism from a geographical perspective
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To
explain two models of economic development that
To explain two models of economic development that incorporate the colonial encounter
1. Mercantile capitalism
1400 – early 19th century
2 Industrial colonialism
2. Industrial colonialism
19th century –
century 1914
3. Late colonialism
1920s –1950s
4. Decolonization and l
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political independence
1950s – 1970s
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World economy organized into a core and periphery
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Re structuring of colonial economies
Re‐structuring of colonial economies
◦ Creation of a world division of labour
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Polarized economic and urban development
Note: N
t
coastal location of principal towns in Brazil, all founded in colonial period
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Countries /regions have different natural resources and human resources which they can use to their advantage, and produce better and more which they can use to their advantage and produce better and more
cheaper products than other countries
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EEconomic theory of international trade used as a rationale for the i th
fi t
ti
lt d
d
ti
l f th
economic organization of metropolitan/colonies trade patterns
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A country/region should specialize in producing and exporting only those goods and services which it can produce more efficiently than other goods and services (which it should import)
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Thus different countries/regions will specialize in different economic activities = regional specialization
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Comparative advantage leads to international trade because countries exchange goods they can produce more easily/cheaply for other goods h
d h
d
il / h
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h
d
which they cannot produce or can only produce more expensively
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Economists argue that the system will only work if free trade is permitted `
Economic theory suggests that free trade is beneficial to all countries because each can gain an advantage if it specializes, according to its comparative advantage
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The danger of regional specialization, is that it leads to dependence/overdependence on other countries for many imported goods
Schematic version of Potter’ss of Potter
three‐stage
Plantopolis model