Chapter 3: Study Guide
Multiple Choice
_ d_
1. Places located in high latitudes have
a. a very warm climate.
b. the same weather as places in other latitudes.
c. a mix of extremely hot and extremely cold weather.
d. the coldest climates on Earth.
_a_
2. Elevation and climate
a. are very closely related.
b. have little effect on each other.
c. are two terms for the same condition.
d. are almost impossible to measure accurately.
_ d_
3. The ________ marks the beginning of the summer or winter.
a. tilt
b. equinox
c. axis
d. solstice
_b_
4. Which of the following climate regions has the widest temperature range?
a. arctic
b. subarctic
c. marine west coast
d. tropical
_ d_
5. The atmosphere
a. creates the tides.
b. has no effect on heat gain or loss.
c. allows heat to escape quickly in order to cool the planet.
d. keeps heat from escaping too quickly into space.
_ d_
6. In which months do equinoxes take place?
a. June and December
b. October and April
c. July and January
d. March and September
_b_
7. An oasis is a place in the desert at which
a. large cities often are found.
b. there is water and lush vegetation.
c. the temperature is hotter than in the surrounding area.
d. desert winds collide to produce sandstorms.
_ d_
8. Because of the tilt of the earth,
a. not all places receive the same amount of light at one time.
b. there is a lack of light at the Equator at the winter solstice.
c. the polar areas are dark for the entire summer.
d. all of the above
_ d_
9. Global winds that blow in fairly constant patterns are called
a. trade winds.
b. westerlies.
c. polar easterlies.
d. prevailing winds.
_a_ 10. The earth rotates on its axis one time each
a. day.
b. week.
c. month.
d. year.
_b_ 11. The natural vegetation of a desert is
a. fir and pine trees.
b. scattered shrubs and cacti.
c. coconut, banana, and mango trees.
d. evergreen trees and ferns.
_d_ 12. Wind patterns
a. are the earth’s way of redistributing heat.
b. are caused by the convergence of high and low pressure.
c. occur because the sun heats the earth’s surface unevenly.
d. all of the above.
_c_ 13. The seasons result from
a. the moon’s revolution and its tilt in relation to the earth.
b. the earth’s rotation and its tilt in relation to the sun.
c. the earth’s revolution and its tilt in relation to the sun.
d. the movement of the continents due to continental drift.
_a_ 14. Which of the following affect temperatures on the earth?
a. the earth’s position in relation to the sun
b. the phases of the moon
c. tidal ebb and flow as influenced by the sun
d. the number of hours in a calendar day
_d_ 15. Prevailing winds blow ____ because of the Coriolis effect.
a. in a straight line
b. in a complete circle
c. backward
d. diagonally
_d_ 16. What are the two kinds of tropical climates?
a. tropical rainforest and tropical desert
b. tropical rainforest and tropical Mediterranean
c. tropical marine west coast and savanna
d. tropical savanna and tropical rainforest
_c_ 17. The ____ is the northernmost point on the earth to receive the sun’s direct rays.
a. Tropic of Capricorn
b. Equator
c. Tropic of Cancer
d. North Pole
_b_ 18. The earth’s polar areas lie in the
a. mid-latitudes.
b. high latitudes.
c. major latitudes.
d. low latitudes.
_a_ 19. The earth’s atmosphere
a. thins as elevation increases.
b. thins as elevation decreases.
c. stays the same at all elevations.
d. thickens during solar equinoxes.
_b_ 20. The ____ causes day and night.
a. revolution of the earth
b. rotation of the earth
c. orbit of the earth
d. earth’s gravity
_b_ 21. Physical weathering takes place when
a. large masses of rock are welded together by volcanic action.
b. large masses of rock are broken into smaller pieces.
c. chemicals slowly break down rocks over many years.
d. winds blow dirt away from rocks.
_d_ 22. Cracks in the earth’s crust are called
a. moraines.
b. continental shelves.
c. plates.
d. faults.
_b_ 23. Erosion is the wearing away of Earth’s
a. inner core by tectonic activity.
b. surface by wind, glaciers, and moving water.
c. mantle by the forces of magma and gravity.
d. crust by the pull of the sun and the moon.
_c_ 24. Land takes up about ____ of the earth’s surface.
a. 70 percent
b. 15 percent
c. 30 percent
d. 20 percent
_d_ 25. What is the highest point on the earth?
a. Mount Whitney
b. the eastern highlands of Africa
c. Mount Denali
d. Mount Everest
True & False
_T_ 26. Earth’s seven large landmasses are called continents.
_F_ 27. Almost half of the earth’s surface is water.
_T_ 28. Earthquakes are sudden, violent movements along a fault line.
_F_ 29. The Ring of Fire is an area of earthquake activity in the Indian Ocean.
_T_ 30. Both water and wind play a major part in erosion.
Completion
31.
Global temperatures may be increasing due to the activity of
global warming.
32. The rainshadow/orographic effect takes place when mountains block
precipitation from falling in an area.
33. The Tropic of Capricorn is the southernmost point on the earth to receive the direct
rays of the sun.
34. A
revolution of the earth is one orbit around the sun.
35. The low latitudes are nearest to the Equator.
36. Streams of ocean water are called
37. A
currents
mixed forest has deciduous and coniferous trees.
38. The windward side of a mountain receives the most precipitation.
39. A(n)
hypothesis is a scientific explanation.
40. Two types of dry climate are steppe and
41.
desert.
Calm, windless areas at the edge of the Tropics are called the doldrums.
42. Between March 20 and September 23, the sun never
sets at the North Pole.
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Climate
Leeward
Weather
Permafrost
Doldrums
_c_ 43. condition of the atmosphere at one place and time
_e_ 44. low-latitude area of very little wind
_d_ 45. subsoil that never thaws
_a_ 46. long-term weather patterns for an area
_b_ 47. the side of a mountain opposite from windward
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Global warming
Smog
Wind
Windward
Chaparral
_e_ 48. thickets of woody bushes and short trees
_d_ 49. the side of a mountain that receives the most precipitation
_a_ 50. result of the greenhouse effect
_b_ 51. visible chemical haze in the atmosphere
_c_ 52. air moving across the face of the earth
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. Low latitude
b. Mid-latitude
c. High latitude
_a_ 53. Rainforest
_b_ 54. Humid Continental
_c_ 55. Taiga
_b_ 56. Mediterranean
_b_ 57. Humid Subtropical
_a_ 58. Tropical wet
_a_ 59. Savanna
_b_ 60. Marine West Coast
_c_ 61. Tundra
_c_ 62. Cold desert
_c_ 63. Igloo
_a_ 64. Amazon River
_a_ 65. Giraffe
_b_ 66. Tiled Roof
_a_ 67. Thatch hut
_b_ 68. Chaparral
_b_ 69. Prairie
_c_ 70. Ice cap
Short Answer
Use the chart to answer the following questions.
TYPES OF MID-LATITUDE CLIMATES
Marine West Coast
abundant rainfall
cool summers and damp winters
evergreen and deciduous trees
Pacific coast of North America
Mediterranean
mild, rainy winters and hot, sunny summers
chaparral and short trees
Mediterranean area and southern California
Humid Subtropical
nearly year-round rain
short, mild winters and high humidity
prairies, mixed forests
southeastern United States
Humid Continental
located inland away from oceans
long, cold winters
evergreens and deciduous trees
western Russia
71.
Which climate zone has hot, sunny summers?
Mediterranean
72. Which climate zone has cool summers and damp winters?
Marine West Coast
73. Which climate zone do you think has the coldest winters? Why?
Humid Continental, it has the coldest climate
74. Which climate zone has long, cold winters?
Humid Continental
75. In which climate zone are chaparral and short trees found?
Mediterranean
76.
In which climate zone would you most want to live? Why?
Mediterranean, I like the sunshine
____F_
77.
hurricane
A.
The Pacific Ocean
____E_
78.
monsoon
B.
Pacific Rim
____A_ 79.
typhoon
C.
Arid areas (ex. North Africa)
____D_ 80.
blizzard
D.
Central U.S and Great Lakes area
____G_ 81.
tornado
E.
South Asia
____C_ 82.
drought
F.
The Atlantic Ocean
____B
Ring of Fire
G.
The Midwest/Great Plains
83.
84. What is a monsoon? Where do they occur?
Seasonal wind that can bring heavy rain in the summer and dry air
in the winter; this weather phenomena affect South and Southeast
Asia
85. What is a typhoon? Where do they occur?
Tropical cyclonic storm that forms over the Pacific Ocean – much
like a hurricane forms in the Atlantic
86. Illustrate and explain a volcanic eruption. Where are volcanoes most likely to occur?
Volcanoes are mountains formed by lava or magma that breaks
through the earth’s crust and are most likely to occur at plate
boundaries (especially along the Pacific Ring of Fire); but, they can
also be formed within the earth at “hot spots.”
87. Illustrate and explain an earthquake. Where can earthquakes occur?
Earthquakes are sudden, violent movements along transform plate
boundaries. Earthquakes are unpredictable but occur most
frequently along the Pacific Ring of Fire.
88. Illustrate and explain a tsunami.
Tsunamis are giant waves that occur due to plate movement
under the sea floor. Seaquakes can create gaps in the sea floor that
allow water to fill the gaps. As plates collide water is forced out
of gap. These waves can also be created by volcanoes under the
ocean floor.
89. Illustrate and explain deposition.
Deposition is the process of adding land or sediment to an area by
moving water, wind or ice
90. Explain the difference between a hurricane and a typhoon.
Both are cyclonic storms, hurricanes form over the Atlantic
and typhoons form over the Pacific
BONUS: What humanitarian organization goes to the aid of those in need after a natural
disaster or weather phenomena?
The Red Cross, Crescent (Islamic nations), Crystal (Israel)