CLEANING COMPOUNDS
By: N. G. Marriott
VPI & SU
E-mail
[email protected]
HOW CLEANING
COMPOUNDS FUNCTION
n
Cleaning compounds lower the surface
tension of water so that soils may be
dislodged and loosened for suspension and
subsequent flushing away
EMULSIFICATION
n
The suspension process of water insoluble
materials through interaction with a soap.
SEQUESTRANT
n
An adjunct in cleaning compounds that bind
salts and ions to prevent hardness
constituents and salts of calcium and
magnesium from depositing on equipment
surfaces.
SAPONIFICATION
n
Action of an alkaline material on an
insoluble soil (i.e. fats or oils) to produce a
soluble crude soap
SURFACTANT
n
Surface active agents that function to
facilitate the transport of cleaning and
sanitizing compounds over the surface to be
cleaned through the reduction of the surface
tension of water to enhance their wetting
and penetrating ability.
CLEANING COMPOUND
EFFECTIVENESS
Time: Contact time
n Action: Physical force exerted
n Concentration: Of cleaning compound
n Temperature: Of cleaning solution
n Water: Characteristics
n Individual: Sanitation worker
n Nature: Soil composition
n Surface: Characteristics
n
ALKALINE CLEANING
COMPOUNDS
n
STRONGLY ALKALINE CLEANERS
F Strong dissolving powers and highly corrosive
FNaOH and silicates have high N2O:SiO2 ratios
ALKALINE CLEANING
COMPOUNDS, (CON’T).
n
HEAVY DUTY ALKALINE CLEANERS
FModerate dissolving powers and generally slightly
corrosive
FSodium metasilicate, trisodium phosphate, sodium
carbonate
FTSP is known for its good soil emulsion activity
ALKALINE CLEANING
COMPOUNDS, (CON’T).
n
MILDLY ALKALINE CLEANERS
FUsed for hand cleaning of lightly soiled areas and
frequently exist in solution
ACID CLEANING
COMPOUNDS
n
STRONGLY ACID CLEANERS
FCorrosive to most metals, concrete, and fabrics
FRemoves encrusted surface matter and mineral
scale frequently found on steam producing
equipment and some processing equipment
ACID CLEANING
COMPOUNDS, (CON’T).
n
MILDLY ACID CLEANERS
FMildly corrosive and may cause allergenic reactions
FExamples are hydroxyacetic, acetic, and gluconic
acids
CLEANERS WITH ACTIVE
CHLORINE
n
Sodium or Potassium Hypochlorite
– Chemically modify to enhance soil removal
– Render insoluble proteins soluble
– Effective in mold eradication
SOLVENT CLEANERS
Remove PetroleumPetroleum-based Soils
n Usually etherether- or alcoholalcohol-type cleaners
n
ENZYME BASED CLEANERS
Break soil down into smaller pieces and aid
in its removal by destroying its attachment
sites
n Proteases that break down protein and work
best in alkaline soils
n Contain no phosphates
n Less corrosive than chlorine
n
DETERGENT AUXILIARIES
n
Adjuncts included in cleaning compounds
to protect sensitive surfaces and improve
the cleaning properties of the compound
BUILDERS
n
Increase the effectiveness of a cleaner by
controlling properties of the cleaning
solution that reduce the surfactants’
effectiveness
SCOURING COMPOUNDS
Inert or mildly alkaline materials
n Neutral Scouring CompoundsCompounds-volcanic ash,
pumice, feldspar, or silica flours
compounded with acid cleaners to remove
alkaline deposits
n Slightly Alkaline Scouring CompoundsCompoundsmildly alkaline materials (ie
(ie.. borax and
sodium bicarbonate) for light soil deposits
n