ITER Cryogenic System – LHe PLANTS
A Brief Introduction to
Helium Liquefaction At ITER
ITER Organization
PLANT ENGINEERING DIVISION
CRYOGENIC SECTION
LHe PLANTS TRO: Eric FAUVE
Brief Introduction
Introductionto
toHelium
HeliumLiquefaction
LiquefactionatatITER–
ITER–Eric
EricFauve
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OUTLINE
1. What is Helium?
2. Why and where is Helium used at ITER?
3. The ITER Helium Cryogenic System
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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1. WHAT IS HELIUM?
1. WHAT ARE HELIUM PROPERTIES?
A. What are its properties?
B. Where does it come from?
C. What are its applications?
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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1. WHAT IS HELIUM?
A. WHAT ARE HELIUM PROPERTIES?
–
–
–
–
–
SMALL:
LIGHT:
COLD:
HEAT:
INERT:
Smallest molecule (He… H2)
7 Times lighter than air
Boil at -269 degC
High Heat Transfer
No Chemical Reaction with He
He 1m3
=
0.18 kg
2 Protons 2 Neutrons
Smallest Molecule
AIR 1m3
=
1.20 kg
7 Times lighter than AIR
1m3 lifts 1kg
Coldest Fluid
Boiling at -269 degC
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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1. WHAT IS HELIUM?
A. WHAT ARE HELIUM PROPERTIES?
BOILING POINTS
– Water:
100oC
– Methane:
– Oxygen:
– Nitrogen:
- 164oC
- 183oC
- 196oC
– Hydrogen:
- 253oC
– Helium:
– Zero:
- 269oC
- 273oC
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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1. WHAT IS HELIUM?
1. WHAT ARE HELIUM PROPERTIES?
A. What are its properties?
B. Where does it come from?
C. What are its applications?
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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1. WHAT IS HELIUM?
B. WHERE DOES IT COME FROM?
• Present in Air
• But not in very small quantities: 5 ppmv
• Extraction from Air is not economical
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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1. WHAT IS HELIUM?
B. WHERE DOES IT COME FROM?
• In Natural Gas < 1%
• Natural Gas Boil at – 160oC
Natural Gas
LNG PLANT
LHe PLANT
He is Gaseous
CH4 is Liquid
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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1. WHAT IS HELIUM?
B. WHERE DOES IT COME FROM?
• Liquefied at production site
• Individual Containers (40m3)
• Transported as “standard” Container
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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1. WHAT IS HELIUM?
B. WHERE DOES IT COME FROM?
USA
POLAND
RUSSIA
ALGERIA
QATAR
AUSTRALIA
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
Page 10
1. WHAT IS HELIUM?
1. WHAT ARE HELIUM PROPERTIES?
A. What are its properties?
B. Where does it come from?
C. What are its applications?
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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1. WHAT IS HELIUM?
C. WHAT ARE ITS APPLICATIONS?
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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1. WHAT IS HELIUM?
C. WHAT ARE ITS APPLICATIONS?
- SPACE
Inert Gas
Cold
- SCIENCE
Cold
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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1. WHAT IS HELIUM?
C. WHAT ARE ITS APPLICATIONS?
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY:
– Zero Electrical Resistivity at Low Temperature
– High Current Density
– High Magnetic Fields (RMI, Accelerators, Tokamak)
Helium
100,000 kilometres of niobium-tin (Nb3Sn) superconducting strands
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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2. WHERE IS HELIUM USED AT ITER?
2. WHY AND WHERE IS HELIUM USED AT ITER?
A. The Superconducting Magnets
B. The Thermal Shield
C. The Vacuum System
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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2. WHERE IS HELIUM USED AT ITER?
A. THE MAGNETS:
Superconductors to be kept at about 5K
18 TF Coils x 360tons…
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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2. WHERE IS HELIUM USED AT ITER?
A. THE MAGNETS:
Superconductors to be kept at about 5K
Total Cold Max: 10,000 Tons
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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2. WHERE IS HELIUM USED AT ITER?
2. WHY AND WHERE IS HELIUM USED AT ITER?
A. The Superconducting Magnets
B. The Thermal Shield
C. The Vacuum System
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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2. WHERE IS HELIUM USED AT ITER?
B. THE THERMAL SHIELDS:
– 80K: THE THERMAL SHIELDS
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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2. WHERE IS HELIUM USED AT ITER?
B. THE THERMAL SHIELDS:
– 80K: THE THERMAL SHIELDS
Plasma: 150 000 000 K
Blanket:
1 000 K
Water:
370 K
Thermal Shield:
80 K
Magnets:
4K
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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2. WHERE IS HELIUM USED AT ITER?
B. THE THERMAL SHIELDS:
Nitrogen cannot be used within the Tokamak.
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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2. WHERE IS HELIUM USED AT ITER?
2. WHY AND WHERE IS HELIUM USED AT ITER?
A. The Superconducting Magnets
B. The Thermal Shield
C. The Vacuum System
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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2. WHERE IS HELIUM USED AT ITER?
C. CRYO-PUMPS
– Thermal Shields
– Cold Traps
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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3. The CRYOGENIC SYSTEM
3. The Cryogenic System
A.
B.
C.
D.
Overview
The Cryoplant
The Distribution System
Project Progress…
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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3. The CRYOGENIC SYSTEM
A. The Cryogenic System: Overview
300K to 80K: LN2 PLANTS
Cryoplants
Thermal Shields
Cryo Pumps
Magnets: C. Leads
80K: GHe Distribution
Magnets: TF
4K: LHe Distribution
Magnets: CS
80K: Ghe Loops
Magnets: PF
80K to 4K: LHe Plants
Cryo-Distribution
Cryo-Lines
EU-DA
IO
IN-DA
IN-DA
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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3. The CRYOGENIC SYSTEM
A. The Cryogenic System: Overview
80K Plants
4K Plants
Distribution
Cryogenic Lines
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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3. The CRYOGENIC SYSTEM
CRYOPLANT
TOKAMAK
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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3. The CRYOGENIC SYSTEM
B. The Cryoplant:
3
2
2
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
3
2
2
1
2
1
L=100m
W=50m
ITER ORGANIZATION:
1. LHe PLANTS Cold Boxes
2. LHe PLANTS Compressors
EUROPE:
1. LN2 PLANTS
2. 80K LOOPS
3. STORAGES
4. N2 GENERATOR
INDIA:
1. CTCB
2. Process Lines
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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3. The CRYOGENIC SYSTEM
C. The Distribution System:
•
•
CRYO-DISTRIBUTION: B11 (TOKAMAK Building)
5km of Cryogenic Lines…
ACB
Cryo-Lines
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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3. The CRYOGENIC SYSTEM
D. Project Progress: LHe Plants…
75% Completed
100% Tested
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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3. The CRYOGENIC SYSTEM
D. Project Progress: LHe Plants…
7.5 years
BUILDINGS
PRELIM.
10 m
FINAL DESIGN
12 m
PROCUREMENTS
24 m
+5 m
ASSEMBLY
18 m
+5 m
DELIVERY
5m
INSTALLATION
12 m
COMMISSIONING
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
Today
2015
2014
2013
22 m
Page 31
QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS?
A Brief Introduction to Helium Liquefaction at ITER– Eric Fauve
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