The New Water Smart Grid:
Intelligent Meters, Big Data, and
Managing them Both
Electronic Meters and Encoders - How
New Technologies are Helping Utilities
Measure Every Drop
® 2015 Badger Meter, Inc.
Presentation Agenda
• Introductions
• Traditional Meters and Encoders:
Why do we need a change?
• Static Meters measuring every drop
• High Resolution encoders
recording every drop
• Questions / Answers
1
Introductions
Jacob Jasperson
Sales Support Manager
Badger Meter, Inc.
414-371-5936
[email protected]
Metering Technology
Traditional Metering Technologies
2
Residential Mechanical Meters
Commercial and Industrial Mechanical
Meters
3
TURBINE METER THEORY
When designing turbine meters, engineers assume that
an ideal velocity profile approaches the meter inlet and
therefore acts upon the measuring chamber assembly.
FLOW STREAM VELOCITY PROFILES
• Laminar Flow Low Velocity
Parabolic Velocity Distribution
V
• Fully Established Turbulent Flow (Ideal Flow)
– Flat average velocity distribution
– Turbos need a swirl-free, uniform, turbulent velocity profile.
V
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FLOW DISTURBANCES VS.
VELOCITY PROFILES
• Low Disturbances
Velocity Profile
Elbows
Tees
V
• Medium Disturbances
Combo of Elbows in Series
Eccentric Reducers
V
• High Disturbances
Pumps
Throttle Valves
Entrained Air
V
FLOW STREAM VELOCITY EXAMPLES
• Elbow In Front Of Meter
Flow Profile Not fully established Turbulence, Slightly Skewed
Rotor runs faster thus increasing accuracy curve
Worst at higher flow rates
• Similar Effect: Y-strainer, ½ open gate valve
• Potential Effect: Accuracy + 1-1/2%, Service Life, Increased
Maintenance
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FLOW STREAM
VELOCITY EXAMPLES
• Upstream Contraction
Medium Velocity Disturbance Skewed Velocity Profile
Core of Velocity at center of pipe. Thus causing the rotor to run faster and
increasing accuracy
•
reducer.
• Potential Effect: Accuracy +2-1/2% and Increased Maintenance
FLOW STREAM VELOCITY EXAMPLES
•
•
•
Partially Filled Strainer
Disturbance depends on size of clog
IOM spells out 5 pipe diameters between meter and strainer
Rotor runs faster thus increasing accuracy
Similar Effect: Pumps, Control Valves, Throttle Valves, Pressure
Regulating Valves
Potential Effect: Accuracy +5% and Increased Maintenance
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Water Research
Foundation Project
Water Research Foundation Project
•
Sponsored By: The Water Research Foundation
Formally known as the AWWA Research
Foundation (AWWARF)
•
Research Components 18 U.S. Manufacturers
New Meter Accuracies
Pulled Meter Accuracies
Low and High Flow Rate Accuracies
Effect of Particulates on Accuracy
•
Researchers: Martilyn Neilsen, Steven L. Barfuss,
Michael C. Johnson - Utah State University Utah
Water Research Laboratory
•
Project Length: 10/2006 10/2010
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New Meter Accuracy Project Summary
•
Accuracy results for 150 new 5/8
x 3/4-inch meters were tested. Six
identical meters were used as the
sample size for any given meter
resulting in twenty five different
meter designs being tested.
Meter Type
Number
Style or
Maker
Number of Meters Meeting AWWA Flow Accuracy Standard
Minimum
Intermediate
Maximum
Nutating Disc - ND
30
5
30
100%
27
90%
30
100%
Oscillating Piston - OP
48
8
37
77%
43
90%
48
100%
Multi-Jet - MJ
42
7
32
76%
37
88%
38
90%
Single-Jet - SJ
24
4
18
75%
18
75%
18
75%
Fluidic Oscillator - FO
6
1
6
100%
6
100%
6
100%
150
25
123
82%
131
87%
140
93%
Overall
New Meter Accuracy Project Significance
• Water meters need to be accurate at
normal operating flow rates, as even
small errors in the accuracy of
residential, commercial and industrial
water meters can create shortfalls in
water utility revenues or result in overbilling of customers.
• Additionally, if a meter is capable of
reading very small flows (i.e. leaks), it
can assist system managers and
homeowners identify and resolve
system problems such as
accountability and conservation.
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New Meter Accuracy 1/2 GPM
New Meter Accuracy 1/4 GPM
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New Meter Accuracy 1/8 GPM
New Meter Accuracy 1/16 GPM
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New Meter Accuracy 1/32 GPM
Metering Technology
Electronic Metering Technologies
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Mag Meters
Why Mag Meters?
© 2013 Badger Meter, Inc.
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Anytown, USA
• Understanding the User Profile
• What is the anticipated maximum
and minimum flow rate?
• What is the anticipated average
flow rate?
• What is the average water pressure
needed?
• Revenue Rule: 80/20
•
comes from 20 percent of its
meters
® 2011 Badger Meter, Inc.
Importance of Proper Sizing, Selection and Installation
• Loss of Revenue
Undersized meter or improper
installation may wear out
prematurely, lose accuracy and
require additional maintenance
Oversized meter may not
measure low flows accurately
• Customer Service Issues
Improper installation of a
turbine or compound meter
can under or over register flow
® 2011 Badger Meter, Inc.
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Mag Meter Technology Strengths
• Features
• Benefits
Completely Open Flow Tube
Design
High Accuracy Rating
Not Affected by Pipe
Disturbances
Only 3 diameters of Straight
Pipe Upstream and 2 Diameters
Down Stream
No Pressure Loss
No Moving Parts
Suitable for Wastewater, Well
Water and Reclaimed Water
No Strainer required
Minimizes Meter Vault Size and
Reduces Cost
® 2011 Badger Meter, Inc.
Ultrasonic Meters
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Doppler Shift
• Measures difference in frequency of the sound wave
reflected off acoustic discontinuities or particles in the flow
stream. Well suited for dirty water applications
Ultrasonic signals sent downstream are reflected off
particles. Frequency differential increases as flow
increases.
© 2013 Badger Meter, Inc.
29
Transit Time
•
The flow meter system utilizes two transducers that function as both
ultrasonic transmitter and receiver. The flow meter operates by
alternately transmitting and receiving a burst of sound energy between
the two transducers and measuring the transit time that it takes for
sound to travel between the two. The difference in the transit time
measured is directly and exactly related to the velocity of the liquid. Well
suited for clean water applications
© 2013 Badger Meter, Inc.
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Why Ultrasonic?
© 2013 Badger Meter, Inc.
Long-Term Accuarcy
• Not subject to wear and team
like traditional mechanical
meters
• In areas with aggressive water
or very large customers that
must be accurate, static
meters are the way to go
• Savings translates to not only
material, but labor as well
(change out, testing, etc)
• Increase revenue
© 2013 Badger Meter, Inc.
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Low Flow Accuracy
Flow rate
2 ½ GPM
1 ¼ GPM
3/8 GPM
M120 Disc
+/- 1.5%
95%
© 2013 Badger Meter, Inc.
E120
+/- 1.5%
+/- 1.5%
+/- 3.0%
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Financial Benefits
• Long term accuracy =
REVENUE
• Example:
Assume you measure
200,000 gallons per year
Assume you have water rates
around $0.01 for 5 gallons
Over 20 years = 4 mil gallons
= $8,000
© 2013 Badger Meter, Inc.
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Enhanced Leak Detection
• Ultra low flow detection is
ideal for known leak accounts
• Standard leak detection is, in
many cases, built in to the
smart portion of the meter
• Additional alerts/alarms can
also be passed back with
AMR/AMI
© 2013 Badger Meter, Inc.
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Encoder Technology
High ResolutionTechnologies
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4-Dial Encoder
8-Dial Encoder
© 2014 Badger Meter, Inc.
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High Resolution Encoders
High Resolution Mechanical
High Resolution LCD
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High Res Operation
• Reading Technology
Utilizes the same light emitting diode technology of the ADE
• Industry accepted finer resolution
Frictionless encoding
Industry standard ASCII protocol
• Principle operation:
Proven Technology
Through use of light emitting diodes LED, the HR-E is able to
determine the position of the number wheels without wipers
and contacts
© 2014 Badger Meter, Inc.
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High Res Operation
Optical Receiver Light Pipe
Number wheels
Emitter
Main PCB
Receiver
Light
Source
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Features
• 8 or 9-wheel mechanical absolute encoder
Endpoint does not require programming during installation or
wire repair
• High resolution 8 or 9 digit reading for AMR/AMI
Truncation to billing units handled in the reading software
• Avoids limiting the encoder
• Reading resolution handled in software rather than replacing
hardware
© 2014 Badger Meter, Inc.
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LCD Encoders
H = High
R = Resolution
-
E = Electronic Encoder
LCD Display
© 2014 Badger Meter, Inc.
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High Res ELCD - Features
• High Resolution
• Solid state absolute encoder
No moving parts
Industry standard ASCII protocol
Encoder protocol most do not have a RTR output
3-wire protocol for AMR/AMI
• Programmable
Can reduce inventory, improve availability
© 2014 Badger Meter, Inc.
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Visual & Electronic Indicators
Billing units indicator for
manual reads
•
•
•
Screen auto toggles
Status Indicators
Encoder Alarm
Reverse Flow, Suspected Leak &
No Usage
Field programming capabilities
Meter model and size
Units of measure
Visual Billing Units (i.e.: 1000
gallons) represented by
segmented lines (to aid manual
reading if needed)
Digits output to AMR/AMI
Rate of Flow
Low Battery
No Usage
Suspected Leak
Reverse Flow
Encoder Alarm (multiple)
Encoder operating normally
• Units and Time
© 2014 Badger Meter, Inc.
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22
Technology Advancement in Ten Years
Source Estimating the Speed of Exponential Technological Advancement
The Emerging Future Group, LLC © 2012
Future-Proof Technology 20 Years of
Technology Innovation
1994
Bulky Bag Cell Phones
Unreliable
Single Purpose and Expensive
2004
Pocket Sized Cellular Phones
Improved Reliability and Portability
Added Personal Contacts and Calendar
2014
Smart Phones
Proven Reliability and Right-sized
Apps are Part of our Everyday Life
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Questions / Answers / Discussion
Copyright © 2015 Badger Meter, Inc.
All rights reserved, all data subject to change without notice. No part of this presentation may be used
or reproduced in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher.
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