Braille Module 54
Emphasis Indicator, Small
Capital Letters, Ellipsis, Print
Signs of Omission and Quoted
or Displayed Material
LOC Literary Lesson 15,
Sections 15.1-15.5
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
Braille Module 54
Emphasis Indicator, Small Capital Letters, Ellipsis, Print
signs of Omission and Quoted or Displayed Material
LOC Literary Lesson 15.1-15.5
Summary
Goal(s): The goal is for the student to gain
an understanding of the emphasis
indicator, small capital letters, the ellipsis,
print signs of omission, quoted or
displayed material and the rules
concerning the usage of these symbols.
SMART Objectives: Specific, Measurable,
Achievable, Realistic, and Time-sensitive
Instructor:
 Braille instructor
Delivery Method(s):
 Lecture
 Classroom reading
 Discussion
 One-on-one reading
 Hands–on
By the end of this module, students should
Length: 5 hours
be able to:
BS54.1: Demonstrate a growing
proficiency and understanding of the
application of literary braille code for the
emphasis indicator and small capital
letters.
Three topics
Any Applicable Business and/or Soft Skills:
Corresponding LOC Manual:
BS54.2: Know the rules concerning the
Lesson 15.1 with EBAE II.10
ellipsis, print signs of omission, and quoted Lesson 15.2 with EBAE II.10.e
or displayed material.
Lesson 15.3 with EBAE I.7
BS54.3: Review and gain knowledge of the Lesson 15.4 with EBAE I.5.b, I.7.a
Lesson 15.5 with EBAE II.10.f, g
BANA Braille Codes Update, 2007.
Take Away Message(s): Lesson 15 regarding the emphasis indicator may seem broad
and a little complicated, but once you learn the rules your struggles will be over. Even
though the “emphasis indicator” may seem to have a lot of intricate rules, do not
despair. You are more than half way through. Pretty soon you will be comfortable in
recognizing emphasized words in the text.
Spend your time wisely and it will reflect in the end. Study hard and don’t give up.
Remember to keep up with the changes by going online to BANA frequently.
Keeping up with the changes will help you to stay current.
Braille Module 54-1
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
Instructor Preparation
Title of Module: Emphasis Indicator, Small Capital Letters, Ellipsis, Print Signs
of Omission and Quoted or Displayed Material
The purpose of this module is to introduce the emphasis indicator, small capitol letter, the
ellipsis, print signs of omission and quoted or displayed material pertaining to the Braille
code. The students will also continue the process of structuring. The students will review
the BANA Braille Codes Update, 2007.
Agenda – topics to be covered in the module and length of each item
Topic: Emphasis Indicator etc.
Time Allotted: 5 hours
A. Emphasis Indicator and Small Capital Letters
(2.5 hours)
B. Ellipsis, Signs of Omission, and Quoted or Displayed Material
(1.5 hours)
C. Review: BANA Braille Codes Update, 2007
(1 hour)
Materials and Supplies – items needed in order to carry out the agenda and classroom activities
1. LOC Manual
2. EBAE
3. Handouts: Lesson 15: Order of Punctuation Marks List (54.A.1), Lesson 15: Handout
(54.A.2), and Literary Braille Handout (54.C.1).
Classroom Preparation
1. Each workstation should have a computer, a braille writer, a slate and stylus, an LOC
Manual, EBAE, a means of communicating with the embosser (network or thumb
drive), braille paper (not-tractor feed), a braille eraser, pen/pencil, notebook, and
highlighter.
2. Have chalk and erasure board ready for use.
Braille Module 54-2
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
Curriculum Content
A. Emphasis Indicator and Small Capital Letters
(2.5 hours)
Objective BS54.1: Demonstrate a growing proficiency and understanding of the
application of literary braille code for the emphasis indicator and small capital letters.

PREINSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES
The instructor will be familiar with section 15.1 and EBAE II.10 which covers the
emphases indicator, including single emphasis indicator, in divided words, with
punctuation, change in type size, double emphasis indicator, emphasis indicator and
contractions, emphasis indicator with part-word lower signs, emphasis indicator with
whole-word lower signs, emphasis indicator with and, for, of, the, and with, nonemphasized connecting words, consecutive items emphasized for different reasons, series
of emphasized titles, single letters in special typeface and/or quotation marks, words and
phrases in both a special typeface and quotation marks, italicized passages of more than
one paragraph, and summary: use of the emphasis indicator. The instructor will also be
familiar with section 15.2 and EBAE II.10.e. which covers small capital letters. The
instructor will be familiar with Drill 37.
You will need copies of the Proofreading Error (6.A.1) sheet from Module 6.
You will need copies of: Lesson 15: Order of Punctuation Marks List (54.A.1) and
Lesson 15: Handouts (54.A.2). The copies of the Lesson 15: Handouts (54.A.2)
need to be printed out on cardstock paper for each student.
 CONTENT PRESENTATION AND LEARNER PARTICIPATION.
As a class the students will read and discuss Lesson 15.1 and EBAE II.10 about the
emphases indicator.
Some reminders to the students:
“The emphasis indicator is a ____ ____. Answer: composition sign. Can you name
some other composition signs? Answer: The capital indicator, the numeric indicator,
the letter indicator, and the transcriber's note symbol. The emphasis indicator
plays an important role in braille ____. Answer: reading. In literary braille, nearly all
special typefaces are indicated by the same composition sign, the emphasis
indicator. What is the dot configuration? Answer: dots 46. This configuration is
sometimes referred to as the "____ ____." Answer: italic sign. Since it represents
all special typefaces, it is more accurate to call it the "emphasis indicator."
Can you name some of the items that must be distinguished in braille using the
emphasis indicator? Answer: Foreign words, titles and proper nouns such as names
of ships, subject headings at the beginning of paragraphs, silent thought, and
quoted material that is printed in a special typeface. Remember that sometimes
print typeface changes are used merely to make the text more visually appealing,
Braille Module 54-3
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
such as when titles are printed in huge letters or script, in which case they are
ignored in braille.
The effect of the emphasis indicator continues until the reader encounters what
three things? Answer: A blank cell, a dash, or a slash. Which comes first the
emphasis indicator or the capital indicator? Answer: The emphasis indicator.
The emphasis indicator is placed ____ the opening punctuation such as a quotation
mark, bracket, parenthesis, or dash. Answer: after.
Is a change in type size considered a change in typeface? Answer: No. How would
you braille the change in typeface? Answer: It should be ignored in braille—unless
the change of type size has been used as a form of emphasis.
When no more than ____ consecutive words are printed in a typeface different
from the surrounding text, the single emphasis indicator is placed before each
word. Answer: Three. When ____ ____three consecutive words (or a combination
of words and numbers) are in a special typeface, the first word is preceded by the
double, or opening, emphasis indicator (dots 46, 46) and the last word is preceded
by the single, or closing, emphasis indicator. Answer: more than. Do punctuation
and composition signs terminate the effect of the double emphasis indicator?
Answer: No.
Is the emphasis indicator regarded as an upper sign since it contains a dot 4?
Answer: No.
The capital and/or the emphasis indicator may precede these whole-word lower
signs.
Does a dash or ellipsis occurring in the middle of an emphasized passage terminate
the effect of the double emphasis indicator? Answer: It does not. However, when
two words or phrases, separated by a dash, are emphasized for different reasons,
or, for a clear understanding of the text need to be independently emphasized, in
braille they should be emphasized individually.
Name some items that will be emphasized individually in braille. Answer: A series of
proper nouns, such as titles of books, movies, songs, etc.
Because a single letter is distinguished in braille by the letter indicator, when a
single letter is printed in italics or boldface and/or enclosed in quotation marks,
these print signs of distinction are omitted in braille.
When in print there is a free standing portion of a word, a whole word or phrase, or
an entire passage is emphasized by being both in a different typeface and enclosed
Braille Module 54-4
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
in quotation marks how would you transcribe this? Answer: In braille retain the
quotation marks and ignore the special typeface.
When an italicized passage consists of more than one paragraph, the double
emphasis indicator is placed at the beginning of each new paragraph regardless of
its length or content. The single emphasis indicator, indicating the end of the
emphasized material, precedes the last word of the last paragraph.”
As a class the students will read and discuss Lesson 15.2 and EBAE II.10.e about small
capital letters.
Some reminders to the students:
“How would you transcribe small or blocked capital letters that have been used in
print for stylistic purposes? Answer: They are ignored in braille and normal
capitalization is followed. Is this the case all the time? Answer: If they are used in
print to emphasize or distinguish letters or words, the braille emphasis indicator
should be used to indicate this change in typeface.
What about common words that are not part of a title that are printed in small
capitals? Answer: They are emphasized in braille and not capitalized.”
Next students will complete Drill 37 on page 15-8 using Perky Duck.
Some reminders to the students before they transcribe Drill 37:
“Remember to print out your Drill to proofread.
Pay attention to when you can or can’t use the emphases indicator. Then mark
your paper so you don’t have to continue to question yourself.
Remember to thoroughly structure your print copy prior to transcription. Proofread
your own work before handing it to someone else to proofread.”
When the students have completed this activity, which includes proofreading their own
work, they can exchange drills and proofread each other’s work using the “How to
Successfully Proofread” steps.
The instructor will pass out a copy of the Lesson 15: Handouts (54.A.2) that was
printed on cardstock paper to each student. They will cut these out as help sheets to keep
available to look at these rules when necessary.
B. Ellipsis, Signs of Omission, and Quoted or Displayed Material (1.5 hours)
Objective BS54.2: Know the rules concerning the ellipsis, print signs of omission, and
quoted or displayed material.
Braille Module 54-5
PROFITT Curriculum

Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
PREINSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES
The instructor will be familiar with section 15.3 and EBAE I.7 which covers the ellipsis,
including ellipses with a period, ellipses and emphasis indicator, and the ellipsis ending a
paragraph or indented as a paragraph. They will also be familiar with LOC Manual: Lesson
15.4 with EBAE I.5.b, I.7.a covers print signs of omission and LOC Manual: Lesson 15.5
with EBAE II.10.f, g covers quoted or displayed material.
 CONTENT PRESENTATION AND LEARNER PARTICIPATION.
As a class the students will read and discuss LOC Manual: Lesson 15.3 about the ellipsis.
Some reminders to the students:
“What is an ellipsis? Answer: It is usually shown in print as three dots or asterisks
used to indicate the omission of a word or words or as a pause between words.
What do you use in braille to represent an ellipsis? Answer: dots 3, 3, 3. Remember
to space and punctuate this symbol as a word.
Why does an ellipsis sometimes appear to be four dots rather than three? Answer:
This is because the ellipsis is either preceded or followed by a period. Since the
braille period is not the same as the dots of an ellipsis, it must be determined which
of the four dots is the period.
Keep in mind the difference between a sentence that is incomplete and one that is
complete. This thought will help you to decide how to transcribe the ellipsis and the
period, since the four dots themselves do not give any indication.
An incomplete sentence does not contain a subject, a verb, and express a complete
thought. How would you braille these four dots? Answer: The ellipsis is taking the
place of missing words within the sentence—in which case the period immediately
follows the ellipsis, just as it would a word.
A grammatically complete sentence has a subject, a verb, and expresses a
complete thought. Therefore, how would you braille these four dots? Answer: A
blank cell is left between the period and the following ellipsis.”
As a class the students will read and discuss LOC Manual: Lesson 15.4 with EBAE I.5.b,
I.7.a covers print signs of omission.
Some reminders to the students:
“Remember:
For a long line in braille the omission dash is used. What is the omission dash? 36,
36, 36, 36.
Braille Module 54-6
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
If hyphens are used in print to indicate missing letters in a word what is used in
braille? An equal number of hyphens are brailled.
When missing letters are indicated by dots what is used? In braille an equal number
of un-spaced braille dots (dot 3).”
As a class the students will read and discuss LOC Manual: Lesson 15.5 with EBAE II.10.f, g
covers quoted or displayed material.
Some reminders to the students:
“Do you know what verbatim is? Answer: In exactly the same words. Do you know
what a facsimile is? Answer: An exact copy or reproduction, as of a document.
When quoted matter is taken verbatim from another source, or other displayed
material such as a facsimile of a handwritten note or a sign, is set off in print by
blank lines, special typefaces, or indented margins, what are the rules that should
be observed?
 If quoted material appears in both quotation marks and a distinctive typeface,
such as italics, in braille the quotation marks are retained but the italics are
omitted unless they are needed for emphasis or distinction.
 If displayed material is printed only in italics or another distinctive typeface, it
should be emphasized in braille.
 Leave one blank line before and after quoted or displayed material. When
material that must be followed by a blank line ends on either line 24 or 25,
leave a blank line at the top of the next page following the running head.
 Follow print paragraph format, either indented or blocked.
 Follow print for capitalization. However, it is suggested that fully capitalized
passages of more than one sentence be indicated by use of emphasis indicators
and normal capitalization used.”
C. Review: BANA Braille Codes Update, 2007
1 hour
Objective BS54.3: Review and gain knowledge of the BANA Braille Codes Update, 2007.

PREINSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES
The instructor will be familiar with Literary Braille Handout (54.C.1) pertaining to the
BANA Braille Codes Update, 2007.
The students will use their EBAE for this section.
You will need copies of: Literary Braille Handout (54.C.1).
Braille Module 54-7
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
 CONTENT PRESENTATION AND LEARNER PARTICIPATION.
As a class the students will read and discuss BANA Braille Codes Update, 2007. The
handout gives updates on the apostrophe, the termination symbol, abbreviations,
transcriber’s note symbol, new slash symbol, the slash with numbers, numeric dates,
fractions, and additional symbols.
Braille Module 54-8
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
Braille Module 54
Emphasis Indicator, Small
Capital Letters, Ellipsis, Print
signs of Omission and Quoted
or Displayed Material
LOC Literary Lesson 15,
Sections 15.1-15.5 Handouts
Braille Module 54-9
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
Lesson 15: Order of Punctuation Marks List (54.A.1)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Order of punctuation marks
Opening parenthesis or bracket
Opening quotation mark
Dash before opening foreign conversation
Emphasis indicator
Opening Spanish question or exclamation mark
Non-Latin letter indicator
Print symbol indicator
Dollar or section sign
Number indicator
Letter indicator
Apostrophe
Decimal point
Capital indicator
Accent symbol
54.A.1
Braille Module 54-10
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
Lesson 15: Handout (54.A.2)
LOC Lesson 15.1
1.
2.
Use the Emphasis Indicator
To indicate emphasis. Use the emphasis indicator when print emphasizes a word or phrase by
placing it in a different typeface. [Jump! Now!]
To show distinction when indicated by a special typeface in print for:
 Foreign words or phrases [Lesson 16]
 Proper nouns such as names of ships, books, pictures, etc.
 Subject headings at the beginning of paragraphs [Lesson 19]
 Silent thought as distinguished from conversation
 Passages not enclosed in quotation marks that are printed in a type different from that of
adjacent text—even when separated from the text by blank lines and/or change of margins
[15.5]
Do Not Use the Emphasis Indicator
Special typefaces, should not be indicated in braille when they have been used in print strictly for stylistic
reasons or when distinction is sufficiently indicated in braille by other means, as in the following:
1.
When letters that mean letters are preceded by the letter indicator [Class B Xed]
2.
When freestanding portions of words are printed in a special typeface [pend -ing]
3.
When pronunciations are shown in both parentheses and italics [turkey (tur-kee)]
4.
Where a vertical list of words or terms, which is always brailled with a blank line before and after
it, is printed in italics or boldface
5.
Where chapter titles or other centered headings are printed entirely in italics or boldface
6.
Where letters, words, or passages are shown in both quotation marks and a special typeface,
except where required for emphasis or distinction
LOC Lesson 15.5
 If quoted material appears in both quotation marks and a distinctive typeface, such as italics, in braille the
quotation marks are retained but the italics are omitted unless they are needed for emphasis or
distinction.
 If displayed material is printed only in italics or another distinctive typeface, it should be emphasized in
braille.
 Leave one blank line before and after quoted or displayed material. When material that must be followed
by a blank line ends on either line 24 or 25, leave a blank line at the top of the next page following the
running head.
 Follow print paragraph format, either indented or blocked.
 Follow print for capitalization. However, it is suggested that fully capitalized passages of more than one
sentence be indicated by use of emphasis indicators and normal capitalization used.
54.A.2
Braille Module 54-11
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
Literary Braille Handout (54.C.1)
When you go to the conferences for braille you will take your English
Braille American Edition (EBAE) book. It is very important for you to
be familiar with the EBAE book and to know the rules and where
they can be found. This is a review of some of the rule changes
from the BANA Braille Codes Update, 2007. Since changes occur
periodically, you will always need to update your material when
necessary.
Rule I.4—The Apostrophe
Numbers When using an apostrophe with a number you will NOT use the letter
sign.
1950’s
#AIEJ'S
You will use a letter sign when an apostrophe is not in print.
1950s
#AIEJ;S
Letters Use a letter sign before a letter that is followed by an apostrophe s.
Mind your p’s and q’s.
,M9D°YR°;P'S°&°;Q'S4
Do not use a letter sign when s is added without an intervening apostrophe.
Learn your a, b, cs.
,LE>N°YR°;A1°;b1°CS4
54.C.1
Braille Module 54-12
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
Rule XVI—Print Expressions
Follow print for the use or nonuse of the print expressions h’m and hm. Use the
letter sign when you have speech hesitation such as hm. This prevents confusion
between the expression hm and the short-form word him.
h’m
hm
hmm
H'M ;HM HMM
Rule I.4 and II.11—Termination symbol
The termination symbol is used to end the effect of an emphasis indicator in the middle of a word.
The termination symbol ends the use of italics, boldface, and color.
present
present
.PRES,'ENT .PRE,'SENT
Use the termination symbol when necessary to end the effect of the double capital
sign.
OK’d
,,OK,''D
No contractions are used in partially emphasized words.
conclusion
homecoming
release
.CON,'CLUSION
.HOME,'COMING
REL.EA,'SE
ALL-American
ex-offender
HOPE’s
,,ALL,'-,AMERICAN .EX,'-OFFENDER
,,HOPE,''S
54.C.1
Braille Module 54-13
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
When you use both the termination symbol and the transcriber’s note symbol in the
same volume you will need to state this on the Special Symbol’s page. This allows
for the braille reader to know that when they come across this symbol they will
have to figure out if it is the transcriber’s note symbol or the termination symbol.
Follow the rules in order to make reading easier for the braille reader.
Rule VI—Abbreviations
The termination symbol is NOT used in abbreviations. The uncapitalized letters if
the abbreviations should be contracted.
ATandT
NYUers
,,AT&,T ,,NYU]S
Rule II.11—The Transcriber’s Note Symbol
The transcriber’s note symbol is two cells (6, 3)
,'
for the opening and closing.
The transcriber’s note symbol is used when you need to explain a change. Some of
the changes include: a change in the print format, to explain a picture or
illustration, or to convey information to clarify the print text.
An embedded transcriber’s note:
uses paragraph format: Start in cell 7 with runovers in cell 5.
uses the 2-cell composition sign (6, 3) ,'.
does not have a blank line before or after, unless one is necessary for other
formats surrounding the note.
can use the in contraction when next to the TN symbol.
54.C.1
Braille Module 54-14
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
If you need to explain an unfamiliar abbreviation, special symbol, or a special
format, place the transcribers’ note immediately before the occurrence.
We are going to the FAF dance this evening.
TN In the following sentence the abbreviation FAF means Fast and Furious.
°°°°°°,',9°!°FOLL[+°S5T;E°!°A2REVI,N°°°°
°°°°,,FAF°°M1NS°,FA/°&°,FURI\S4,'°°°°°°°
°°,WE°>E°GO+°6!°,,FAF°D.E°?°EV5+4°°°°°°°
If you need to explain a term or print sign place the transcribers’ note immediately
after the occurrence.
Jessica found that the solution is an empty set (Ø) meaning it is a null set.
°°,JESSICA°F.D°T°!°SOLU;N°IS°AN°EMPTY°°°
SET°7_07°M1N+°X°IS°A°NULL°SET4°°°°°°°°°°
°°°°°°,',9°BRL1°!°EMPTY°SET°SYMBOL°IS°°°
°°°°REPRES5T$°0DOTS°#def1°#cef4,'°°°°°°°°
TN In braille, the empty set symbol is represented by dots 456, 356.
Rule VII—The Slash with Letters
The new slash symbol is two cells (456, 34) _/. This new slash symbol avoids confusion with the
contractions for st and still.
Follow print spacing with slashes.
Did Dad use the map/atlas to find the island country of Fiji in the southwest Pacific Ocean?
°°,DID°,DAD°USE°!°MAP_/ATLAS°6F9D°!°ISL&
C.TRY°(°,FIJI°9°!°S\?WE/°,PACIFIC°,OC1N8
54.C.1
Braille Module 54-15
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
Should Alex buy blue and / or red flowers?
,%D°,ALEX°BUY°BLUE°&°_/°OR°R$°FL[]S8
No letter sign is required when a single letter touches a slash.
Did s/he answer the question?
,DID°S_/HE°ANSW]°!°"Q8
Janice sent the package c/o Dr. Phillips.
°°,JANICE°S5T°!°PACKAGE°C_/O°,DR4°°°°°°°°°
,PHILLIPS4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°
Do not use alphabet contractions in contact with a slash.
Can/shall we go to the zoo Saturday?
,CAN_/%ALL°WE°G°6!°ZOO°,SATUR"D8
You can use short-form words when in contact with a slash, with the exception
below.
Does Carrie want this file in print/braille?
,DOES°,C>RIE°WANT°?°FILE°9°PR9T_/BRL8
For the sake of clarity combinations of letters that could be misread as short-form
words must be preceded by a letter sign.
Did Shelley buy the CD/album?
,DID°,%ELLEY°BUY°!°;,,CD_/ALBUM8
54.C.1
Braille Module 54-16
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
You never use the part-word contractions be, con, com, and dis next to a slash.
Mark didn't know if he should go/come.
,M>K°DIDN'T°"K°IF°HE°%D°GO_/COME4
Was the class full of harmony/discord?
,0°!°CLASS°FULL°(°H>MONY_/DISCORD8
The double capital sign must be repeated after the slash.
Henry attended the NBA/BANA conference in January.
°°,H5RY°ATT5D$°!°,,NBA_/,,BANA°3F];E°9°°
,JANU>Y4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°
The single italics sign must be repeated after the slash.
Are you going to purchase a cat/dog?
,>E°Y°GO+°6PUR*ASE°A°.CAT_/.DOG8
Go to the bank/store/doctor.
..,G°6!°BANK_//ORE_/.DOCTOR8
Rule VI—The Slash with Dates
When a date is written as a series of numbers separated by slashes use the new slash symbol is
two cells (456, 34) _/.
Follow print spacing for the order of the numbers and use the slash. Place a single
number sign before the entire group.
Did George graduate in 2001/2002?
,DID°,GEORGE°GRADUATE°9°#BJJA_/BJJB8
54.C.1
Braille Module 54-17
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
Follow print when the month, day, and year are separated by a space or any other
punctuation mark used as a separator in the date. Place a single number sign
before the entire group.
Isabel was born on 12.10.07.
,ISABEL°0°BORN°ON°#AB_/AJ_/JG4
Substitute braille hyphens for the print hyphens used to separate a date. Place a
single number sign before the entire group.
Manny retired from the Navy on 2010-1-1.
,MANNY°RETIR$°F°!°,NAVY°ON°#BJAJ-A-A4
Substitute braille hyphens for the blank spaces used to separate a date. Place a
single number sign before the entire group.
The wedding was on 2012 12 12.
,!°W$D+°0°ON°#BJAb-AB-AB4
Rule VII—The Slash with Numbers
The number sign must not be repeated after the slash.
Mark Allen used model # 345/765.
,M>K°,ALL5°US$°MODEL°_?°#CDE_/GFE4
Jessica called the hot line @ 1/800/555/9955.
°°,JESSICA°CALL$°!°HOT°L9E°@A°#A_/HJJ_/EEE_/IIEE4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°
54.C.1
Braille Module 54-18
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
A letter sign is required with the sequence: number, slash, and letter(s).
Linda purchased a $4.98/gal. jug of milk today.
°°,L9DA°PUR*AS$°A°4#D.IH_/;GAL4°JUG°(°°°
MILK°TD4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°
The italic sign must not be repeated after the slash.
The baby cried 24/7!
,!°BABY°CRI$°.#BD_/G6
Rule VII.28—Fractions
The fraction line is formed by dots 34
/
and the slash is formed by dots 456, 34
_/.
A fraction line is used when the numerator and denominator are shown on
different levels in print.
The teacher, Mr. Grady, gave us these three problems:
,
, and
.
°°,!°T1*]1°,MR4°,GRADY1°GAVE°U°^!°?REE°°
PRO#MS3°#AJJ/AJJJ1°#BCJ/HJJ1°&°#FIH/-°°°
ABJAD4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°
Kelsey borrowed ½ cup of sugar from Mrs. Peterson.
°°,KELSEY°BORR[$°#A/B°CUP°(°SUG>°F°,MRS4
,PET]SON4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°
A slash is used when the numerator and denominator are shown on the same
level in print.
Momma needed 1/2 of a cup of flour.
,MOMMA°NE$$°#A_/B°(A°CUP°(°FL\R4
54.C.1
Braille Module 54-19
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
Rule VIII.31—Print Symbols
crosshatch
#
_?
ampersand
&
@&
at sign
@
@A
copyright
©
^C
trademark
™
^T
registered trademark ®
^R
ALWAYS list these symbols on the special symbols page.
The print number sign (#) and the pound sign (#) look exactly alike. They are both
represented in braille by one symbol (the crosshatch), just as in print. The
crosshatch can mean a number, pound, and even “sharp,” as in the programming
language C#.
Justin had 5# of feed for the cattle.
,JU/9°_H°#E_?°(°FE$°=!°CATTLE4
The voice on the phone said, “Press # for further instructions.”
°°,!°VOICE°ON°!°PH"O°SD1°8,PRESS°_?°=°°°
FUR!R°9/RUC;NS40°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°
Do not use the letter sign when a single letter is in contact with these symbols.
Amanda moved into Apt. #d this past weekend.
,AM&A°MOV$°96,APT4°_?D°?°PA/°WEEK5D4
The double capitals sign and italics sign do not extend through these symbols.
Ben worked for AT&T before attending the university.
,B5°"W$°=°,,AT@&,T°2F°ATT5D+°!°UNIV]S;Y4
54.C.1
Braille Module 54-20
PROFITT Curriculum
Module # 54 — Emphasis Indicator, etc.
Follow print spacing.
We purchased three shirts @ $5.99 each.
,WE°PUR*AS$°?REE°%IRTS°@A°4#E.II°EA*4
Copyright © 1976 by the Diagram Visual Group Ltd.
°°,COPY"R°^C°#AIGF°0!°,DIAGRAM°,VISUAL°°
,GR\P°,LTD4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°
54.C.1
Braille Module 54-21